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Animal husbandry in India

Cows in Tamil Nadu, India.


A large number of farmers in India depend on animal
husbandry for their livelihood. In addition to supply-
ing milk, meat, eggs,wool and hides, animals, mainly
bullocks, are the major source of power for both farmers
and drayers. Thus, animal husbandry plays an important
role in the rural economy. The gross value of output from
this sector was 358 billion (US$5.8 billion) in FY 1989,
an amount that constituted about 25 percent of the total
agricultural output of 1.4 trillion (US$22.7 billion).
[1]
1 Production
In FY 1992, India had approximately 25 percent of the
worlds cattle, with a collective herd of 193 million head.
India also had 110 million goats, 75 million water bualo,
44 million sheep, and 10 million pigs. Milk production in
FY1990 was estimated to have reached 53.5 million tons,
and egg production had reached a level of 23.3 billion
eggs. Dairy farming provided supplementary employ-
ment and an additional source of income to many small
and marginal farmers. The National Dairy Development
Board was established in 1965 under the auspices of Op-
Capra aegagrus hircus goatherd in Andhra Pradesh
eration Flood at Anand, in Gujarat, to promote, plan, and
organize dairy development through cooperatives; to pro-
vide consultations; and to set up dairy plants, which were
then turned over to the cooperatives. There were more
than 63,000 Anand-style dairy cooperative societies with
some 7.5 million members in the early 1990s. The milk
produced and sold by these farmers brought 320 mil-
lion (US$5.2 million) a day, or more than 10 trillion
(US$162.0 billion) a year. The increase in milk produc-
tion permitted India to end imports of powdered milk and
milk-related products. In addition, 30,000 tons of pow-
dered milk were exported annually to neighboring coun-
tries. There was about 50000 cows in India.
[2]
Battery cage facilities in Haryana
Today, India has the worlds largest dairy herd (composed
of cows and bualoes), at over 304 million strong,
[3]
and
stands rst in milk production, with 112.5 million tonnes
of milk produced in 2009-2010.
[3]
India is also the third
largest egg-producer in the world, at over 180 million eggs
1
2 5 EXTERNAL LINKS
being produced every day or 65.7 billion eggs for the year
2011-12,
[4]
and the worlds sixth largest producer of poul-
try meat.
[5]
While the majority of Indias animal products
are consumed domestically, exports are growing. India is
the top global exporter of bualo meat, and is also the
fourth largest exporter of soybean meal, an important in-
gredient in commercial feed for farmed animals.
[5]
In ad-
dition, Indias leading poultry producers, including Sug-
una, Venkys, and the Amrit Group, are increasing sales
to countries in other parts of Asia and the Middle East.
International investment is also expanding.
[6]
In 2008,
U.S.-based Tyson Foods acquired a 51 percent stake in
Godrej, an Indian conglomerate that is a major producer
of animal feeds and poultry, and the International Finance
Corporation (IFC) has an equity stake in Suguna.
[5]
An
estimated 200 million egg-laying hens are kept in battery
cages, and more than half of the 2-billion-plus meat
chickens produced each year are factory-farmed. Vertical
integration and contract farming for poultry and eggs is
also widespread. While the milk and cheese sectors still
include many small-scale producers and cows and buf-
faloes in extensive systems the number of large, factory-
style dairy operations is increasing.
[7]
2 Operation Flood
Operation Flood, the worlds largest integrated dairy de-
velopment program, attempted to establish linkages be-
tween rural milk producers and urban consumers by or-
ganizing farmer-owned and -managed dairy cooperative
societies. In the early 1990s, the program was in its
third phase and was receiving nancial assistance from
the World Bank and commodity assistance from the
European Economic Community. At that time, India had
more than 64,000 dairy cooperative societies, with close
to 7.7 million members. These cooperatives established
a daily processing capacity of 15.5 million liters of whole
milk and 727 tons of milk powder.
[8]
3 See also
1966 anti-cow slaughter agitation
Agriculture in India
Fishing in India
Agriculture in Tamil Nadu
Animal husbandry in Tamil Nadu
Animal husbandry in Maharashtra
Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying and
Fisheries (Tamil Nadu)
4 References
[1] http://jind.gov.in/animal.htm
[2] About Directorate
[3] http://dahd.nic.in/dahd/WriteReadData/Annual%
20Report%202010-11%20English.pdf
[4] http://www.thehansindia.info/News/Article.asp?
category=1&subCategory=8&ContentId=51650
[5] Mia MacDonald and Sangamithra Iyer (2010) Veg or Non
Veg? India at the Crossroads, Policy Brief. Brighter
Green, 1.http://brightergreen.org
[6] Mia MacDonald and Sangamithra Iyer (2011) Veg or Non
Veg? India at the Crossroads, Policy Brief. Brighter
Green, 1.http://brightergreen.org
[7] Justine Simon and Sangamithra Iyer (2010) Factory
Farming of Chickens in India.http://www.youtube.com
[8] Animal husbandry - India - farming
5 External links
Animal Husbandry Department, Government of
Maharashtra
Salient Features of 19th Livestock Census
3
6 Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses
6.1 Text
Animal husbandry in India Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_husbandry_in_India?oldid=623992006 Contributors: Canis-
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