6.

6 Describe the effect on the torque-speed characteristic of an induction motor

produced by a. halving the applied voltage and b. halving both the applied voltage
and the frequency.

a. -
b. !"#$%&'$()%*+,-.!/0'123
-456789:;9<4=>
6.7 Figure 6.23 shows a system consisting of a three-phase wound-rotor induction
machine whose shaft is rigidly coupled to the shaft of a three-phase synchronous
motor . The terminals of the three-phase rotor winding of the induction machine are
brought out to slip rings as shown. ith the system supplied from a three-phase !
6"#$ source ! the induction machine is driven by the synchronous motor at the
proper speed and in the proper direction of rotation so that three-phase ! %2"#$
voltages appear at the slip rings. The induction motor has four-pole stator winding.
&nterconnected induction and synchronous machines.
a. #ow many poles are on the rotor winding of the induction motor'
b. &f the stator field in the induction machine rotates in the cloc(wise direction! what
is the rotation direction of its rotor'
c. hat is the rotor speed in r)min '
d. #ow many poles are there on the synchronous motor'
e. &t is proposed that this system can produce dc voltage by reversing two of the
phase leads to the induction motor stator. &s this proposal valid'
?6.23 @AB9<BCD
:
a. E
b. FGHI
c. 120f/p=120*60/4=1800 r/min
d. E
e. J;KLMN'1CO@APQR"ST:;UVWXL2YZ

6.8 * system such at that shown in Fig.6.23 is used to convert balanced +"-#$ voltage
to other frequencies. The synchronous motor has four poles and drives the
interconnected shaft in the cloc(wise direction. The induction machine has si, poles
and its stator windings are connected to the source in such a fashion as to produce a
countercloc(wise rotating field -in the direction opposite to the rotation of the
synchronous motor.. The machine has a wound rotor whose terminals are brought
out through slip rings.
a. *t what speed does the motor run'
b. hat is the frequency of the voltages produced at the slip rings of the induced
motor'
c.hat will be the frequency of the voltages produced at the slip rings of the
induction motor if two leads of the induction-motor stator are interchanged!
reversing the direction of rotation of the result rotating field'
Fig 6.23 @A[B9<[BCD

a.
min
%+""
/
+" %2" %2"
r
P
f
n

b. @APQR"\GHIR[R]1500 r/min. !"'1FGHR[

R]3"""-2)poles.0 ( ) %"""
6
2
3""" ^_R"'1`R]
2500 r/minab'1RU1000 r/min 4U50Hz cZVdR"*
+
Hz sf f
e r
%2"
%"""
2+""
+"
,
_

.
c. e!'1f\GHIR[]1000 r/minGgR"'1R[

]+"" r)min.
Hz f 2+
%2"
6 +""

^_U*+]25 Hz h_ij@A.
6.10 * three-phase! 1-connect! /6"-2-line-line.! 2+-3! 6"-#$!four-pole induction
motor has the following equivalent-circuit parameters in ohm per phase referred to
the stator4
%"3 . "
%
R 22+ . "
2
R %" . %
%
X %3 . %
2
X
/ . +5
m
X
The total friction and wind age losses may be assumed constant at 26+ ! and the
core loss may be assumed to be equal to 22" . ith the rotor connected directly
to a /6"-2 source! compute the speed! output shaft torque and power! input and
power factor and efficiency for slip of %! 2 and 3 percent. 1ou may choose either to
either to represent the core loss by a resistance
c
R
connected in parallel with the
magneti$ing reactance
m
X
.

klmnh_MDopqrstuvwh_UMATLA xyz
{|}~h ist_'$
$


,
_

+ +
2
2
jX
S
R
jX R Z
f f f

jX
8
f in
Z jX R Z + +
% %
8]] 3 ) V V
l

!"N]
in
Z
V
I
%
%
6


e s
f
Poles
N .
%2"
-

poles
f
e
s

s
n s n . % -

s s
s . % -
. -
2 2
2
s
R
I n P
ph gap

L#$U 7
f
is 8
2
)s

f ph gap
R I n P
2
%

rot gap rot mech shaft
P P s P P P . % -

n
shaft
shaft
P
T

9
6 6
8e:
;
% %
I V n P
ph in

+
in
shaft
P
P

<lip:=9 %." 2." 3."
<peed:r)min9 %>?2 %>6/ %>/6
T
out
:@-m9 ?.+ %6.+ 23./
A
out
:(w9 ?.+ %6.+ 23./
A
in
:(w9 /+.? ?5.6 %2?
Aower factor ".?% ".?> ".?+
Bfficiency:=9 53.3 5/./ 53.?
6.13 * %+-( 23"-2 three-phase 1-connected 6"-#$ four-pole squirrel-cage induction
motor develops full-load internal torque at a slip of 3.+ percent when operated at
rated voltage and frequency. For the purposes of this problem! rotational and core
losses can be neglected and cord losses can be neglected . The following motor
parameters ! in ohms per phase ! have been obtained
8% 0 ".2% C% 0 C2 0 ".26 Cm0 %".%
Determine the ma,imum internal torque at rated voltage and frequency ! the slip at
ma,imum torque ! and the internal starting torque at rated voltage and frequency.
:
Un^8%C%C2Cm{up335-3/" matlab 82
Qj6R[Rf^820"."5+3 uij6R
%>>@-mRd]%?.2=[R]>%.6@-m
6.14 The induction motor of problem 6.%3is supplied form 23"-2 source through a
feeder of impedance 7
f
0 "."+ D E ".%/ ohms. Find the motor slip and terminal
voltage when it is supplying rated load.

-o6.%3 ^82 n^#$uv8%

C%C2Cm%82 .!matlab
23"222%.62Rd3.+=]3.6>=
6.15 * three-phase induction motor! operating at rated voltage and frequency! has a
staring torque of %3+ percent and a ma,imum torque of 22" percent! both with
respect to its rated-load torque. @eglecting the effects of stator resistance and
rotational losses and assuming constant rotor resistance! determine4
a. the slip at ma,imum torque.
b. the slip at rated load.
c. the rotor current at starting -as a percentage of rotor current at rated load..

4
a. 6.3/ t

. -
2 ! %
ma,
2
X X
T S
R
q
+

6.3/ t

. -
+ . "
2 ! %
2
! %
ma,
X X
V n
T
eq s
eq ph
+

6.33 thi s0%

9 . - :
2
2 ! %
2
2
2
2
! %
X X R
R V n
T
eq s
eq ph
start
+ +

i
63 . %
3+ . %
2" . 2
ma,

start
T
T
h_tst
2 ! %
2
2
2 ! %
2
2
2 ! % 2
2
2
! %
2
2
% . -
. -
. -
63 . %
X X
R
X X
R
X X R
X X R
eq
eq
eq
eq
+
+
+

+
+ +

23
63 . %
. % - + . "
ma,
2

+
T
matT
S
S
h_ij6Rd+
3/3 . "
ma,

T
S
b. 6.33 t i#
"
% !

eq
R
and with
rated
s s

9 . - . ) :-
. ) -
2
2 ! %
2
2
2
2
! %
X X s R
s R V n
T
eq rated s
rated eq Ph
rated
+ +

^_

rated T
rated T
rated
s s
s s
T
T
)
9 . ) - % : + . "
% . 2
ma,
2
ma, ma,
+

^_
"?2/ . " 2/" . "
ma,

T rated
s s
c.
. ) .- - . - )
ma, 2 % !
! %
2 % ! 2
! %
! 2
j s s X X X X j s R
rated T eq
eq
eq rated
eq
rated
V V
I
+ +

+ +

^_
"+ . /
3/3 . "
%6 . / )
ma,
ma,
! 2
! 2

+
+

+
+

j
j
j s
j s s
T
rated T
rated
start
I
I
6.16 hen operated at rated voltage and frequency! a three-phase squirrel-cage
induction motor -of the design classification (nown as a high-slip motor. delivers
full load at a slip of ?.> percent and develops a ma,imum torque of 23" percent of
full load at a slip of ++ percent. @eglect core and rotational losses and assume that
the rotor resistance and inductance remain constant! independent of slip. Determine
the torque at starting! with rated voltage and frequency! in per unit based upon its
full-load value.



A
T T 3 . 2
ma,

!
++ . "
ma,

T
s
and "?> . "
A
s h6.36 6.33 ti

T
eq
T n
eq
A
s R
R
s s R
R
sf
T
T
ma, 2
! %
2
ma,
2
2
! %
ma,
%
% %
%
2
+ . "
+
1
1
]
1

,
_

,
_

,
_

,
_

vu
3%+ . %
2
% !

R
R
eq

6.33 th_

1
1
1
1
1
]
1

,
_

+
+

,
_

,
_

+
+

,
_

2
2
2 % !
2
ma, 2
% !
2
2
2 % !
2
2
% !
%
%
%
R
X X
s R
R
R
X X
sf R
R
s
T
T
eq
T
eq
eq eq
A
A
start
6.3/ t

2
2
! %
2
ma,
2
2
2 ! %
%

,
_

,
_

,
_

+
R
R
s R
X X
eq
T
eq
^_h
A start
T T 26 . %
6.17 * +""-(w! 2/""-v! four-pole! 6"#$ induction machine has the following
equivalent-circuit parameters in ohms per phase 1 referred to the stator4
%
R
0".%22 2
R
0".3%> %
X
0%.36/ 2
X
0%.32 m
X
0/+.?
&t achieves rated shaft output at a slip of 3.3+ percent with an efficiency of 5/."
percent. The machine is to be used as a generator! driven by a wind turbine. &t will
be connected to a distribution system which can be represented by a 2/""-2 infinite
bus.
a. From the given data calculate the total rotational and the core losses at rated load.
b. ith the wind turbine driving the induction machine at a slip of -3.2 percent!
calculate -i. the electric power output in (! -ii. the efficiency -electric power
output per shaft input power. in percent and -iii. the power factor measured at the
machine terminals.
c. The actual distribution system to which the generator is connected has an
effective impedance of ".%? D
j
"./% F)phase. For a slip of -3.2 percent! calculate
the electric power as measured -i. at the infinite bus and -ii. at the machine
terminals.
Ans
(a)
G*TH*I i!^]+"3.2 (!] +"3.2 -+""0 3.2(J
9h] +2? (! +h_Qj +"" ) +2?0 5/=! y
+""()".5/ 0 +3%.5 (!^_^] +3%.5-+2? 03.5 (
(b)
-a.h#$] %./> (!9^! o
G*TH*I i] +%2 (!+] 5%.6 = +2 ".?5 K
(c)
-b.h_ij! /5? (! +"? (
6.19 For a 2+-(!23"-2!three-phase!6"-#$ squirrel-cage motor operating at rated
voltage and frequency! the rotor &
2
8 loss at ma,imum torque is 5." times that at
full-load torque! and the slip at full-load torque is "."23.<ator resistance and
rotational losses may be neglected and the rotor resistance and inductance
assumed to be constant. B,pressing torque in per unit of the full-load torque! find
a. the slip at ma,imum torque.
b. the ma,imum torque.
c. the starting torque.


a. nh_i
2
2
! 2
2
2
ma, ! 2
5 R R
I I fl T

I I fl T ! 2 ma, ! 2
3
-6.32.thi
. - )
6
6
2 2
2
X X j s R
V
I
eq
eq
+ +

!
fl eq
T eq
T
fl
s R X X j
s R X X j
I
I
) . -
) . -
6
6
2 2
ma, 2 2
ma, ! 2
! 2
+ +
+ +

LLL-%.
-6.3/.thi
2
2 ! %
2
! %
ma,
2
. - X X R
s
R
eq eq
T
+ +


"
! %

eq
R

2 ! %
ma,
2
X X
s
R
eq
T
+
LLL-2.
K-2.u-%.

fl T
T
fl
s s j
j
I
I
)
%
6
6
ma,
ma, ! 2
! 2
+
+

!
2
ma,
ma, ma, ! 2
! 2
. ) - %
2
)
%
6
6
fl T
fl T T
fl
s s
s s j
j
I
I
+

+
+

= /+ . > ">/+ . " 2/ . 3
ma,

fl T
s s

b. K-6.33.%-6.36.thi

[ ] [ ]
>> . %
. ) -
. ) - % + . "
. ) .- -
. - . ) - + . "
ma,
2
ma,
2 2 ! %
2
2 ! %
2
2
ma,

+
+ +

fl T
fl T
fl eq
eq fl
fl
s s
s s
s R X X
X X s R
T
T


T
ma,
0 %.>>


c.

.
%
. ) - %
-
2
2
ma,
ma, T
s
s s
s
T
T
fl T
fl
fl
start
+
+

T
start
0 ".263

6.20 * squirrel-cage induction motor runs at a full-load slip of 3.> percent The rotor
current at starting is 6." times the rotor current at full loadThe rotor resistance
and
inductance is independent of rotor frequency and rotational losses stray-load
losses stray-load losses and stator resistance may be neglected B,pressing
torque in per unit of the full-load torquecompute
a. the starting torque
b. the ma,imum torque and the slip at which the ma,imum torque occurs

-a
S
R I
T
2
2
2

23
32 . % . -
2
! 2
! 2


A
start
start
I
I
S
T
T
23
statr
T

"b#]Uklwmn
%
R
()

j T S
j S
T S
I
I
rated
start
+
+

ma,
ma,
! 2
! 2
6
6

kh
T S
ma,
= / . 22 22/ . "
% . -
. - %
2
! 2
2
! 2
ma,

A
start A
A
start
A
I
I S
I
I
S T S .
fklwmn
%2 . 3
9 . - % : + . "
ma,
2
ma,
ma,

A
A
rated
S
T S
S
T S
T
T
23Tmax = 3.12

6.21 * -connected 2+-(23"-2three-phasesi,-pole+"#$ squirrel-cage
induction motor has the following equivalent-circuit parameters in ohms per phase
14

"/+ . "
%
R

"+/ . "
2
R

25 . "
%
X

2? . "
2
X

6 . 5
m
X
a. Malculate the starting current and torque for this motor connected directly to a
23"-2 source
b. To limit the starting current it is proposed to connect the stator winding in 1
for starting and then to switch to the connection for normal operation -i.
hat are the equivalent-circuit parameters in ohms per phase for the 1
connection -ii. ith the motor 1-connected and running directly off of a 23"-
2 sourcecalculate the starting current and torque

wstp6 rL$=1 ][oMATLA cZ

233
start
I
-*.

% . >5
start
T
-@-m.

e[BCDU%8K;CD3 23

. - ? . 2?
. - ?/ . "
. - ?> . "
. - %62 . "
. - %3+ . "
2
%
2
%





m
X
X
X
R
R
-ii.

6 . >>
start
I
-*.

3 . 26
start
T
-@-m.
6.22 The following data apply to a %2+-(23""-2three-phasefour pole6"-#$
<quirrel-cage induction motor4 <tator-resistance between terminals0 23 . 2
@o-load test at rated frequency and voltage4 Hine current0>.>* three-phase
power02?>" Iloc(ed-rotor test at %+#$4 Hine voltage026?2 current0+".3*
Three-phase power0%?.2(
a. Malculate the rotational losses.
b. Malculate the equivalent-circuit parameters in ohms. *ssume that
2 %
X X
.
c. Mompute the stator current! input power and power factor! output power and
efficiency when this operating at rated voltage and frequency at a slip of 2.5+
percent.

R I P P
n n rot
26>2 3
%
2
% %


6.5 O;:






6? . %
5" . 3
3/ . %
5" . 3
%% . %
2
2
%
%
m
X
X
R
X
R

wkst& op6rst&"b#

= + . 5/
%""
5% . "
%"6
% . 25

+
+2
! p
! P
A I
o"t
in
a
6.23 Two +"-(! //"-2! Three-phase! si,-pole! 6"-#$ squirrel-cage induction motors
have identical stators. The dc resistance measured between any pair of stator
terminals is ".2"/F. Iloc(ed-rotor tests at 6"-#$ produce the following results4

2olts Three-phase
Gotor -line-to-line. *mperes power! (
% >/.> >2.5 /./"
2 55./ >2.5 %%.6

Ans:
2]bloc(ed-rotor ! ^_PQ#$]4 Zin # R% D R2 D j-X% D X2.
% 2
%
%
2
3
R
I
%&
R
&

PQ%4 %>/ . "
2
R ! PQ24 626 . "
2
R
2]PQ5
2
2
%
R I
&

^_
( ) ( )
.
. -
. -
.-
. -
. -
-
. - . -
%
2
2
2
2
2
% 2
2 2
% 2 %
2
2
2 2 2
2
2
%
2
motor
motor
motor
motor
motor motor
motor motor
motor
motor
I
I
R
R
R I
R I
T
T

i
2>? . "
%
2

motor
motor
T
T
h_iN]
35 . % > . >/ ) / . 55
. -
. -
% 2
2 2

motor
motor
I
I
^_
/52 . "
%
2

motor
motor
T
T
6.25 * 23"-2! three-phase! si,-pole! 6"#$ squirrel-cage induction motor develops a
ma,imum internal torque of 2?? percent at a slip of %+ percent when operated at
rated voltage and frequency. &f the effect of stator resistance is neglected!
determine the ma,imum internal torque that this motor would develop if it were
operated at %5"2 and +"#$. Nnder these conditions! at what speed would the
ma,imum torque be developed'

%
R
% % ! eq
R
23st 6 .3+

2 ! %
2
ma,
' X
R
S
eq
T
+

%st 6 .36

2
ma,
2
! %
2 . %
ma,
2
! %
ma,
+ . "
. -
+ . "
R
S V n
X X
S V n
T
s
T eq ph
eq s
T eq ph


+

*+60Hzj50Hz 2 ! %
X X
eq
+
K4{
6
+
23
T
S
ma,
K;
+
6

= %?
ma,
T S
89+]
min ) ?2" . %? . " % - %""" r
.


ma,
T
K]:
5?3 . "
6
+
.
+
6
- .
23"
%5"
-
. -
. -
2
6" ma,
+" ma,

T
T

= 2?3 . -
+" ma,
T

6.26 * >+-(! +"#$! four-pole! /6"-2! three-phase! wound-rotor induction motor
develop Full-load torque at %/3? r)min with the rotor short-circuited. *n e,ternal
non-inductive resistance of %.% is placed in series with each phase of the rotor!
and the motor is observed to develop its rated torque at a speed of %/"+ r)min.
Malculate the rotor resistance per phase of the motor itself'

4

2 ma,
R S
T

! 23

"> . 2
% 9
. -
. :-
% . %
" 8e ma,
% . % 8e ma,
2
't T
't T
S
S
R
6.27 * >+-(! /6"-2! Three-phase! four-pole! 6"-#$! wound-rotor induction motor
develops a ma,imum internal torque at 22+ percent at a slip of %6 percent when
operated at rated voltage and frequency with its rotor short-circuited directly at the
slip rings. <tator resistance and rotational losses may be neglected! and the rotor
resistance and inductance may be assumed to be constant! independent of rotor
frequency. Determine.
a. the slip at full load in percent.
b. the rotor
R I
2
loss at full load in watts.
c. the starting torque at rated voltage and frequency in per unit and in @ m. &f the
rotor resistance is doubled -by inserting e,ternal series resistance at the slip
rings. and the motor load is adEusted for such that the line current is equal to the
value corresponding to rated load with no e,ternal resistance! determine.
d. the corresponding slip in percent and
e. the torque in @ m.
Ans:
(a) n6.%+ hi
fl T
fl T
fl
s s
s s
T
T
)
9 . ) - % : + . "
ma,
2
ma,
ma,
+

2+ . 2 )
ma,

fl
T T

%6 . "
ma,

T
s
hi
"3>+ . "
fl
s
03.>+=
(b) ]
5 . 2 .
%
-

fl
fl
rated rotor
s
s
P P
(
(c) n6.%5 hi
>" . " .
%
. ) - %
-
2
ma,
2
ma,

+
+

T
fl T
fl
fl
start
s
s s
s
T
T
>+ ()(m)fl (m)fl 0 6"*-%+sfl. 0 %?%,/ rad)sec.
^_ Trated 0 /%3 @-m ! Tstart 0 ",>" per unit 0 25" @-m.
(d)
s 0 2sfl 0 >,+"=
(e)
T 0 /%3 @-m
6.29 * %""-(! three-phase! 6"-#$! /6"-2! si,-pole woundOrotor induction motor
develop its rated full-load output at a speed of %%+? r)min when operated at rated
voltage and frequency with its slip rings short-circuited. The ma,imum torque it
can develop at rated voltage and frequency is 3%" percent of full-load torque. The
resistance of the rotor winding is ".%>F)phase 1. @eglect any effects of rotational
any stray-load loss and stator resistance.
a. Mompute the rotor R I
2
loss at full load.
b. Mompute the speed at ma,imum torque in r)min.
c. #ow much resistance must be inserted in series with the rotor windings to produce
ma,imum starting torque' with the rotor windings short-circuited! the motor is
now run from a +"-#$ supply with the applied voltage adEusted so that the air-
gap flu, wave is essentially equal to that at rated 6"-#$ operation.
d. Mompute the +".#$ applied voltage.
e. Mompute the speed at which the motor will develop a torque equal to its rated 6"-
#$ value with its slip-rings shorted.
Ans:
(a)
63 . 3 .
%
-

fl
fl
rated rotor
s
s
P P
(
(b)
n6.%+ hi
fl T
fl T
fl
s s
s s
T
T
)
9 . ) - % : + . "
ma,
2
ma,
ma,
+

fl ma,
) T T
0 3,%" !
fl
S 0 -%2"" + %%+?..%2"" 0 ""3+
hi
T S
ma,
0 ",2%% 0 2%,%=
8e %2""-% + ",2%%. 0 5/> r)min.
(c)
#$
T S
ma,
from ".2%% to %."

2
R )tot 0 ",%>.,2%% 0 ",?"6 P
^_
e't
R
0 ",?"6 + ",2%% 0 ",63+ P
(d)
2];^_ +)6 ^_A] 3?32
(e)

/q
6.3+ hi
T S
ma,
0 R2.-X%)eq D X2.! 2];^_ +)6 !
T
s
ma,
0"."/2! R] %"""-% + ","/2. 0 5+? r)min
6.31 The resistance measured between each pair of slip rings of a three-phase! 6"-#$!
2+"-(! %6-pole! wound-rotor induction motor is /5 mF. ith the slip rings short-
circuited! the full-load slip is "."/%. For the purposes of this problem! it may be
assumed that the slip-torque curve is a straight line from no load to full load. The
motor drives a fan which requires 2+"( at the full-load speed of the motor.
*ssuming the torque to drive the fan varies as the square of the fan speed! what
resistance should be connected in series with the rotor resistance to reduce the fan
speed to /""r)min'
Ans:
nhiR] 36"")? 0 /+" r)min! U /+"-% + ","/%. 0 /3%,6 r)min!
i
3 3
%" ; +3 . + .9 "/% . " % - %2 . /> .: %" ; 2+" - @
m
U/""r)min {ij
2 3
. 6 . /3% ) /"" - %" ; +3 . + 0
3
%" ; >+ . / @m! UXL
#${ ?% . %2 6 . /3% ) %" ; +3 . +
3
J
^]4 ?? . %% /"" ) %" ; >+ . /
3
!
/ . 26 + . 2/ ; .
?? . %%
?% . %2
-
tot
R mF ! i 26./-2/.+ 0 %.5 mF
7.1 Monsider a separately-e,cited dc motor. Describe the speed variation of the motor
operating unloaded under the following conditions4
a. The armature terminal voltage is varied while the field current is held constant.
b. The filed current is varied while the armature terminal voltage is held constant.
c. The filed winding is connected in shunt directly to the armature terminals! and the
armature terminal voltage is then varied.
Ans:
(a)
a a a t
R I V V +
[B@AR-
ind

. J{! @A
m a
! V
@AN

!
I
ind
a

! 2]N
a
I
.!^_

].!! m a
! V
! a
V
-R".
m

-[B.
(b)
f
m
I
%

(c)
2]tMN[B;!^A^_[BR"
;.! m a
! V
m

-[B.;.!J
7.2 * dc shunt motor operating at an armature terminal voltage of %2+2 is observed to
be operating at a speed of %%?" r)min. hen the motor is operated unloaded at the
same armature terminal voltage but with an additional resistance of +F in series
with the shunt field! the motor speed is observed to be %2+" r)min.
a. Malculate the resistance of the series field.
b. Malculate the motor speed which will result if the series resistance is increased
from +F to %+F.
Ans:
(a)
Q
.!!
nf
- n ]PQR.J

%
f
f
I
R

!
+
%%?" %2+"
f f
R R +

?/.3
f
R
(b)
2
?/.3 ?/.3 %+
%%?" n
+

2 ) min
%35"
r
n
7.3 For each of the following changes in operating condition for a dc shunt motor!
describe how the armature current and speed will vary4
a. #alving the armature terminal voltage while the field flu, and load torque remain
constant.
b. #alving the armature terminal voltage while the field current and load torque
remain constant.
c. Doubling the field flu, while the armature terminal voltage and load torque
remain constant.
d. #alving both the field flu, and armature terminal voltage while the load power
remains constant.
e. #alving the armature terminal voltage while the field flu, remains constant and
the load torque varies as the square of the speed.
Qnly brief quantitative statements describing the general nature of the effect are
required! for e,ample. Rspeed appro,imately doubled.R

kl

m

=>
a
I

=>
a
I

=>
a
I
=>
d
m

a
I

e
m

=>
a
I
=
7.4 The constant-speed magneti$ation curve for a 2+-(! 2+"-2 dc machine at a speed
of %2"" r)min is shown in Fig>.2>. This machine is separately e,cited and has an
armature resistance of ".%/ . This machine is to be operated as a dc generator
while driven from a synchronous motor at constant speed.
a. hat is the rated armature current of this machine'
b. hat the generator speed held at %2"" r)min and if the armature current is limited
to its rated value! calculate the ma,imum power output of the generator and the
corresponding armature voltage for constant field currents of -i. %."*!-ii. 2."*
and -iii.2.+*.
M. 8epeat part -b. if the speed of the synchronous generator is reduced to 5"" r)min.

R"N A
V
!
%""
2+"
2+

00 r/mn
a
/
'MD!?'.2'N]
a a a a
R I / V +
+]
a a o"t
I V P
kx
A I
a
%""

w!"o]cZ]#cZ900/1200 = 0.75
$]^oG%

7.9 hen operated from a 23"-2 dc supply! a dc series motor operates at 5>+ r)min
with a line current of 5"*. &ts armature-circuit resistance is ".%% series-field
resistance is "."?. Due to saturation effects! the flu, produced by an armature
current of 3"* is /? percent of that an armature current of 5"*. Find the motor
speed when the armature voltage is 23"2 and the armature current is 3"*..

&!'U
A I
a
5"

min ) 5>+ . 5" - r n

GcZ

V R R I V /
s a a a a
5 . 2%2 . "? . " %% . " - 5" 23" . - . 5" - + +
9(U
A I
a
3"
G^cZ]

V /
a
3 . 22/ . "? . " %% . " - 3" 23" . 3" - +

n /
a
.
. 5" -
. 3" -
.-
. 5" -
. 3" -
-
. 5" -
. 3" -

n
n
/
/
a
a
23e
/? . "
. 5" -
. 3" -

)*h_
. 3" - n

min ) 2%/" .
. 3" -
. 5" -
.-
. 5" -
. 3" -
.- 5" - . 3" - r
/
/
n n
a
a

7.12 Two adEustable-speed dc shunt motors have ma,imum speeds of %?"" r)min and
minimum speeds of +""r)min. <peed adEustment is obtained by field-rheostat
control. Gotor * drive a load requiring constant power over the speed rangeJ motor
I drive one requiring constant torque. *ll losses and armature reaction may be
neglected.
a. &f the power outputs of the two motors are equal at %?""r)min and the armature
currents are each %2+*! what will the armature currents be at +""r)min'
b. &f the power outputs of the two motors are equal at +""r)min and the armature
currents are each %2+*! what will the armature currents be at %?""r)min'
c. *nswer parts -a. and -b. with speed adEustment by armature-voltage control with
conditions otherwise the same.

"a#:
E%[ijN+, NK-
.!+"[BA#89N.!R/"[B#
N[B-23

m010r
A I
a
%2+
m010r A I
a
> . 3/ .
%?""
+""
- %2+

m010r
A I
a
%2+
m010r A I
a
/+" .
%2+
%?""
- %2+

U+,{%89NKNcZ
K.!+"[BA#K2-
Ne.!RG"[B#K.!N
"a#3':
m010r A I
a
/+" .
%2+
%?""
- %2+
m010r
A I
a
%2+

"b#3':
m010r A I
a
> . 3/ .
%?""
+""
- %2+
m010r
A I
a
%2+
7.13 Monsider a dc shunt motor connected to a constant-voltage source and driving a
load requiring constant electromagnetic torque. <how that if Ba S ".+ 2t -the
normal situation.! increasing the resultant air-gap flu, decreases the speed! whereas
if BaT ".+2t -as might be brought about by inserting a relatively high resistance in
series with the armature.! increasing the resultant air-gap flu, increases the speed.
Ans
d a
a a a
d a
a
m
0
R I V
0
/

d a
a
0
T
I

Thus

,
_

d a
a
a
d a
m
0
TR
V
0

,
_

a
d a
a
d a d
m
V
0
TR
0 d
d

2 %
2
( )
a a a
d a
V R I
0
2
%
2

( )
a a
d a
/ V
0
2
%
2

)*h_45k Ba S ".+2a! dUa)dVd T " and for Ba T ".+2a! dUa)dVd S ". W.B.D.
7.14 * separately-e,cited dc motor is mechanically coupled to a three-phase! four-pole!
3"-(2*! /6"-2! cylindrical-pole synchronous generator. The dc motor is connected
to a constant 23"-2 dc supply! and the ac generator is connected to a /6"-2! fi,ed-
voltage! fi,ed-frequency! three-phase supply. The synchronous reactance of the
synchronous generator is +.%3F)phase. The armature resistance of the dc motor is
3" m*. The four-pole dc machine is rated 3" ( at 23"2. *ll unspecified losses
are to be neglected.
a. &f the two machines act as a motor-generator set receiving power from the dc
source and delivering power to the ac supply! what is the e,citation voltage of
the machine in volts per phase -line-to-neutral. when it delivers 3"( at unity
power factor' hat is the internal voltage of the dc motor'
b. Heaving the %+eld current of the ac machine at the value corresponding to the
condition of part -a.! what adEustment can be made to reduce the power transfer
between the two machines to $ero' Nnder this condition of $ero power transfer!
what is the armature current of the dc machine' hat is the armature current of
the ac machine'
c. Heaving the field current of the ac machine as in parts -a. and -b.! what
adEustment can be made to cause the transfer of 3" ( from the ac source to the
dc source' Nnder these conditions what are the armature current and internal
voltage of the dc machine' hat will be the magnitude and phase of the current
of the ac machine'
Ans
(a)
A I
dc a
> . 3>
/6" 3
%" 3"
3
!

n l V j I jX V /
ac a a ac a af
+ + ! / . 32? > . 3> %3 . +
3
/6"
! !
! I / P
dc a a
3"
!

a dc a dc a
R I V /a
! !

V
PR V V
/
a dc a dc a
a
226
2
/
2
! !
2

(b)
A
X
V /
I
s
ac a af
ac a
2 . %2
!
!

(c)
! I / P
dc a a
3"
!

a dc a dc a a
R I V /
! !
+
V
PRa V V
/
dc a dc a
a
226
2
/
2
! !
2

+ +

A
R
V /
I
a
dc a a
dc a
%2?
!
!