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DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A

COMPUTERISED STADIUM
MANAGEMENT INFORMATION
SYSTEM. (CASE STUDY OF NNAMDI
AZIKIWE STADIUM ENUGU).
ABSTRACT
This project was centered on computerized stadium
management information system. The current process of
management is being operated manually and due to this
procedure numerous problem are been encountered. A
design was taken to computerized the manual process in
order to check this problem. The problems were identified
after series of interviews and examination of documents
after which analysis was made and a computerized
procedure recommended. This project will also suggest how
to successfully implement the computerized procedure and
to overcome the obstacle that would hinder the successful
implementation of the system. The new system was
designed using Microsoft visual basic 6. programming
language. This language was chosen because of its easy
syntax and features for developing windows based
applications.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Title page
!ertification
"edication
Acknowledgement
Abstract
Table of content
CHAPTER ONE
#.# $ackground of the study
#.% &tatement of the problem
#.' (urpose of the study
#.) *bjective of the study
#.+ &cope of the study
#.6 ,imitation of the study
#.- Assumption
#.. "efinition of terms
CHAPTER TWO
,/T01AT210 103/04
CHAPTER THREE
'. 1esearch Methodology
'.# Method of "ata !ollection
'.#.# (rimary Method
'.#.% &econdary Method
'.% (rocess5/nformation 6low Analysis
'.' (roblem of the 0xisting &ystem
'.) 7ustification of the 8ew &ystem
'.+ /nput and *utput "esign
'.6 6ile "esign
'.- &ystem 6lowchart
'.. Architectural "esign
!9A(T01 6*21
).# /ntroduction
).% (rogram flowchart
).' (rogram source code
).) (rogram /mplementation
!hapter 6ive
+.# &ummary
+.% !onclusion
+.' 1ecommendation
CHAPTER ONE
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
#.# INTRODUCTION
The advent of computer Technology has brought relief
to repetitive tasks and has helped in the better management
and origination of data. /nformation management system
can be applied to any system that facilitates storage:
management and retrieved of data and information re;uired
for some particular application within a computer system.
This makes it easier for data to be handled or managed.
The stadium staffs have been finding it so difficult to
manage information for example: in the existing system
where everything is processed manually: the operators find
it difficult to store: locate or retrieve information when
necessary. Also the issue of crowd control and ticketing:
which is needed in events to generate income for the sector.
(rocessing ticket for an event manually can be costly: time <
consuming and waste ticket stock which is always
encountered in some event due to the excess ticket
processed manually.
The computer system can be used in so many ways in
the stadium: for example: crowd control: processing of ticket
for an event: managing office files and so on.
This work concentrates on the computerized ticket:
crowd control: information management in the stadium and
facility management. 4ith the aid of computer system: the
data will be properly managed: organized and construction
of a suitable program that will help in the management of
stadium.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
6ollowing the problem encountered in the organization:
tickets that are processed for an event and the end: there
will be left over =waste ticket stock> which create loss in the
finance of the stadium unable to communicate with one
another in other to share information which leads to time?
consuming: re?entering of information and lack of
centralized system for customer information.
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
This work is aim to reduce the work of stadium
operators: managers: and individuals. 6urthermore: the
aims of this work are to.
=i> &tudy the present way of processing ticket.
=ii> "esign a new system that will be more convenient
and efficient: which will take care of difficulties
encountered in the present system.
=iii> "esign a new system that will enable the
organization control crowd in every event.
=iv> "esign a system that will make access to record or
information easier.
1. SCOPE OF THE STUDY
There are lot of activities that takes place in the
stadium an example is the processing of ticket and
management of information. This research will base on a
computerized management information system in the
stadium.
1.! LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
The following constraints were experienced during the
course of the research.
a Time !onstraint
"ue to the shortness of the semester and other
activities within the school: there was no much time to
carryout more research.
b ,ack of Money
The issue of going from one place to another in search
of materials relevant to the work calls the attention of
monetary problems which limit the cost of this research.
1." SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The significance of this research is to help the staffs
attain excellence: accurancy: and effectiveness in the data or
information with aid of an information management system.
ASSUMPTION
The design of the system is assumed to be cost
effective bt beneficial to stadium. The design will
reduce the problem facing staff or operators of the
organization.
1.# DEFINITION OF TERMS
"ata < /t is a law fact or it is unprocessed information.
/nformation < They are data that has been processed and
ready for use.
Management < /t is the bringing together of resources and
people for the accomplishment of a specific goal.
CHAPTER TWO
2.$ LITERATURE REVIEW
!omputerization is the process of building a new
system upon a computer technology for input: output:
processing and storing. !omputer entirely replaces the
manual system that is using only paper and pencil for
processing.
/n $arba ".,.A =#@-@> in his contribution says that
computerization does not only involve computer technology
consisting to only hardware and software but also the
communication link: that is it establishes the link for data
communication devices to interact and share data as well as
transferring data5information from one location to another.
$esides: computers can be used for keeping records and
these records are always available whenever they are
needed and the need of carrying office file from one place to
another is eliminated and in most cases some document
may get lost or be tampered with the transmit.
"avies ".4 =#@-@> state that computers have replaced
manual technology because of its ability to process large
volume of data or even handle complex work =processing
cap ability> at a very high speed. /t gives out accurate result
at each time except when it is fed with incorrect data:
Aarbage?in?garbage?out. 9ence: the need for
computerization is certified.
/n this stadium: computerization help to keep accurate
records in which case one can call up a customer record to
find out necessary information about the customer when
needed. This also helps to reduce redundancy in collecting
customerBs record and also eliminate the problem of missing
of some customer files.
Also 6rench !&. =#@@6> states that a file is a document
stored in the computer individually by name and is
organized in a particular way with a well defined structure
consisting of a collection of records each of which are made
up of files.
9enry !.,. =commented that a typical organization has
a large number of files: many of which may be stored on a
computer device. 4e call these data machine readable
because one can use computer to process them. (aper files
on the other hand are much less accessible. A large
organization related file as part of a database.
6rench !.& also defined a database as a single
organization collection of structured data stored with a
minimum of duplication of data items so as to provide
consistent users of the system but is independent of
programs that use the data. "atabases are normally set up
in order to meet the information needs of major parts of an
organization. /t is not possible to construct a database in a
single operationC it is usually built up section. "uring this
process it is possible toD
Add new EfilesF of data.
Add new fields to record already present in the base.
!reate relationship between the items of data.
A database re;uires to be stored on large capacity
direct access devices. The usual medium is the magnetic
disk. 6or security purposes a copy of the database may be
held on magnetic tape or disk.
Although to the user: the database may appear as a
collection of files: data in database is organized in a more
complex way than data in conventional files. "atabase may
be classified according to the approach taken to database
organization. The classes are relational: network:
hierarchical and file inversions. $ut this project work
discusses more on relational database: which is it users:
types of table called relations.
"ata description must be standardized for this reasons
a data description language =".".,> is provided which must
be compared to the declarations and processing statement
in a compared to the declarations and processing statement
in a conventional programming language.
&ince complex files are processed in the database: a
complex software system called database management
system is re;uired for construct: expands and maintain the
database. /t provides the controlled interface between the
user and the data in the database. The "$M& allocated
storage of data.
/t maintains indices so that any re;uired data can be
retrieved and so that separate items of data in the database
can be cross?refrenced. The "$M& provides facilities for
different types of file processing such as process a complete
file =serially or se;uentially> process re;uired records
=selective se;uential or random> and retrieved individual
records. /t has the function of providing security for the data
in the database.
Gent =#@.'>: present a set of guiding to make
8*1MA,/HAT/*8 more intentive. 6irstly: normal form
re;uires that all occurrence of a record type contain the
same number of fields. As a result of record cannot contain
a repeating group. &econd normal forms re;uire the design
to examine the relationship between key field and other field
in the record. /n general: normalization creates a database
in which there is minimum redundancy of data and risk of
demanding the database through updating is minimized.
Most computerized systems cannot accept data informs
customary to human communication such as speech or hand
written documents. /t is necessary therefore to present data
to the computer in a way that provides easily conversion into
its own electronic pulse based form. This is commonly
achieved by typing the data into keyboard devices that
convert it into machine sensible forms. "ata finally enters
storage.
Arawhil M.! draw a distintion between data and
information. $y using the description information storage
and retrieval rather that storage and retrieval that emphasis
is firmly place upon something meaningful to a user rather
than upon he technicalities of storage. 9e also stressed that
the more the meaning that was to be represented and
stored: the more complex the storage organization and
structure must be. As records are stored in these system
their contents are automatically indexed by the software.
&ubse;uently: the use may be able to find every instance of
selected record very ;uickly.
A generally conclusion drawn from this is that: the
provision of suitable information and storage retrieval. /n a
manner suited to the kind of data and to the information
needs of the user or organization. Also: the data to be
processed by the computer must be collected. The process
of data collection then involves getting the original data
converting it from one medium to another and finally getting
it into the computer.
Abudullahi: 7./ defines data collection as the process
involved in getting the data from its points of original
collection starts at the services of raw data and ends when
valid data is within the computer in a form ready for
processing. The process of data collections may involve any
number of the following depending on the method used
which includes the followingD
I "ata creation.
I Transmission of data.
I "ata preparation.
I (ossible conversion from one medium to another.
I /nput of data to the computer from validation.
I &orting
I !ontrol?all stages must be controlled
Also in processing the stadium information record: data
control measures should be involved. The following such asD
Manual controls
"ata collection controls
3alidation checks
$atch controls to ensure that all data is processed preserve
the integrity of maintained data: delete: correct and
reprocess all error.
CHAPTER THREE
SYSTEM INVESTIGATION ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF
INPUT%OUTPUT SYSTEM
3.$ RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
1esearch is an investigation in order to discover new
factors through planning and systematic collection analysis
and interpretation of data: where as particular task:
therefore: research methodology is a detailed description of
what the researcher planned and procedure adopted in
gathering new facts relevant to the project work.
/t is therefore an established fact that without data:
there can be no analysis. This is the crux of social science
research. "ata can be defined simply as basic facts an figure
mostly numeric in nature: resulting from business economic
and social activities of man.
3.1 METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION
/n the course of this project: the following outlines the
method of data collection used.
(rimary method
&econdary method
3.1.1 PRIMARY METHOD
The ;uestionnaire and the direct observation methods
THE &UESTIONNAIRE METHOD
/ sent ;uestionnaire and appeal to the management of the
stadium responsible for day to day operation of the stadium.
&ome of the ;uestions sent to the management were meant
to obtain the following informationD
I The goal and objective of stadium records.
I The organizational structured of 8namdi azikiwe
stadium
I 9ow the stadium operates
I 9ow tickets are been sold.
I /nputs: outputs and process forms used for fans and
customers record.
I The problem of stadium records.
I 6inally to ascertain if computerization can be a way out
of their inherent problem.
$esides thorough care was exercised to structure ;uestions
based on these aims so as to ensure that the ;uestionnaire
is developed effectively and efficiently as toD
Achieve the objective of the system under study.
Aet the maximum information in the minimum time.
OBSERVATION
&ome fact were also recorded through my observation
of some activities carried out on stadium information record
in the management department which is my area of
concentration.
3.1.2 SECONDARY METHOD (OTHER METHOD)
*ther method we used in data collection as stated was
deductions from the fans and football fanatics that come
regularly to watch football in the stadium? 8namdi Azikiwe
stadium.
3.2 PROCESS%INFORMATION FLOW ANALYSIS
The highest profile from which information flows and
are processed is EThe entry while the lowest is Ethe fansF in
between this terminals are several department whose
functions function are definitely instrumental to the effective
and efficiency processing as well as circulations of data. As
you go from down =fans level> to up =entry> facts and figures
are passed in form of data while as you descend from
highest to lowest: facts and figures are passed on as
information. $elow shows the trend of process information
flow analysis of fans5customers record in 8namdi Azikiwe
&tadium.
INFORMATION FLOWCHART
3.3 PROBLEM OF THE E'ISTING SYSTEM
The problems that are obtainable from the existing
system are inherent mostly from the current method of
operation =The manual method> which includes the
following.
LACK OF OFFICE SPACE
This is due to many working materials like files: paper:
cartons shelves etc that must be accommodated.
MANUAL LIMITATION
DIRECTOR
HEAD OF ADMIN. SERVICE
DEPUTY DIRECTOR
STADIUM MANAGEMENT
HEAD OF STADIUM
SERVICES
STADIUM
WORKERS
FANS/CUSTOMERS
Many processes demands high mental exercise and care
which if not properly documented could result to
inaccuracies.
MISSING ITEM
Most time data records or even files are out of place. This
can be caused by carelessness: oversight: overstress by any
of such unpredictable factors.
TIMELINESS
"espite the high staff turnover: information is not usually
prepared on time. !omprehensive accounting sheet: total
number of attendance in one match etc. are usually never
ready at the appropriate time.
POOR SECURITY
There is no enough security to keep data from unauthorized
instruction. This means that in critical cases: records can be
altered without due formalities.
UP(DATE IS DIFFICULT
"ue to records can only be searched out by going through
file shelves: it becomes more tedious as opposed to glance
some data which are operations: but mishandled the
following are the inputs &taff 8ame=surname>: other 8ames:
(hone 8o: department: health details: sex : Age: "ate:
9ealth /nstitution etc.
3. JUSTIFICATION OF NEW SYSTEM
The initial problem of the existing system as outlined
above hinders efficiency in the &tadium and reduces
effectiveness in data processing. That not withstanding:
initially changes and other crucial analysis re;uire lots of
labour and mathematical calculation perhaps ;uite
numerous and complex.
A computer is known for its capability to perform complex
and routine function satisfactory: notably difficult for man.
!omputerization therefore offers the benefits of cost and
labour effectiveness: for this institution =8namdi Azikiwe
stadium> in her meeting up with challenges of modern data
pressing. This has greatly motivated the design of this new
system. *bjectively: the system will provide compute based
tools and designs: suitable and social technically: acceptable
for the !*M(2T01/H0" &TA"/2M MA8AA0M08T &J&T0M.
3.! INPUT AND OUTPUT DESIGN
"ata red into the system tell more about the output
desired for this project: the user shall input data via the
keyboard: initialize command via the keyboard or with the
aid of a backing storage. Then the output processed can be
accessed from the 3"2: floopy disk or store in the system
database: the following describes the data design for the
new system.
INPUT DATA (DESIGN)
DATA ITEM DATA TYPE FIELD WIDTH
Ticket /" &tring %
*wner &tring #+
Amount /nteger #
&eat 1eserved &tring #+
Match (layed &tring #'
OUTPUT DESIGN FOLLOWING
"ATA /T0M "ATA TJ(0 6/0," 4/"T9
Total 8o *f Tickets
&old
&tring %+
Total Attendance &tring #
Amount &tring ##
3." FILE DESIGN
6ile are sets of records which must be retained over a
number of operational cycles of the system: because of the
volume of information that computer holds in storage?
keeping where other storage tools are limited. 6iling is
adopted to hold records in this case. &pecially: random are
used in this project. The file structure.
STAFF FILE
10!*1" ATT1/$2T0 "ATA TJ(0 6/0," 4/"T9
8ame =&urname> &tring %
*ther names &tring #+
(hone 8o /nteger #
"epartment &tring #+
0mail &tring #)
CUSTOMER FILE
3.) SYSTEM FLOWCHART

10!*1" ATT1/$2T0 "ATA TJ(0 6/0,"
4/"T9
8ame =&urname> &tring %6
*ther name &tring #6
(hone. 8o /nteger #
0mail &tring #+
Address &tring #+
6avorite sport kit &tring #+
KEYING OF
DATA (KEYBOARD)
DISPLAY
INPUT ON
THE SCREEN
(VDU)
PROCESSING
DATA (CPU)
DATABASE
FILE
(FILE)
PRINTING OF
THE
OUTPUTS
(PRINTING)
3.# ARCHITECHURAL DESIGN
ABOUT FORM
START
EXIT
PASSWORD
SPLASH FORM
MENU FORM
TABLE FORM
RECORD FORM
RELATIVE FORM
TEMPORARY FORM
REFERENCE FORM PRINT FORM
CHAPTER FOUR
PROGRAME* TESTING AND IMPLEMENTTION
.1 INTRODUCTION
The program design was considered in the following two
areasD
#> M+,-./0 ,123456 !reation of modules was necessary
since we realize that the system would be made of different
units which would be same what difficulty to design as one
whole unit. 4e therefore created representative module for
the complex whole.
2) A78-/. D123456 At this point: the individual modules so
far created were transformed into actual working design.
This design stage involves the creation of forms and placing
of necessary objects on these forms.
.2 PROGRAM FLOWCHART (APPENDI' 1)
.3 PROGRAM SOURCE CODE (APPENDI' II)
. PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION
To affect a changeover into the new system: the health
institution should adopt =chapter '> steps as was discussed:
to prepare the ground for the implementation and other
factors which includesD
STAFF TRAINING
4ith the help of the program flowchart =item ).%> the
algorithm =).#> and system chart ='.@> staff can be
wonderfully e;uip to use this application.
PROGRAMMING
Though this application has been exhaustively tested to
meet the user re;uirements. / the programmer is ready to
render directives in the course of implementation.
SYSTEM TESTING
The system has been tested on the basis of program
flow and procedure flow. The information from the indexes
proves the success so far. 6iles have also been converted to
meet the user re;uirement as in the former system.
CHANGE OVER
/ recommend parallel conversion for this system. This is
because: since the old system has been manually based: this
new one needs to be gradually absorbed before phasing out
to avoid uncertainties.
DOCUMENTATION%USER GUIDE
This system is developed in 3isual $asic programming
language =object *riented>. /n this project: both the
elementary and advanced features of 3$ programming
language are extensively utilized to achieve the system goal.
3isual $asic makes it possible to enter data in user readable
form. After processing the user can get the output either in
form of softcopy or hardcopy.
H/0,9/01 /5, 2+:89/01 01;-301<158
Made simple enough: the program has been designed in
order to enable the user execute on any machine with
minimum hardware re;uirement. This is evident by the fact
that its size is considerably small and it can be run even with
a system which has a memory of less than )M$. /t can be
run on both a standalone system as well as networked
systems.
The program: though it is designed with visual $asic tools:
does not re;uire this compiler to be installed in the userBs
machine. $ut for the back end processing: it may re;uire at
least: Ms Access % or higher version to be installed since
the database will be stored in that format.
USER GUIDE
The user can run application as
(ower on the computer system =booting>
After a successful booting: load the visual basic
interpreter.
/nsert the disk containing the program
At 3isual $asic environment: open the disk and double
click on the program icon: this will automatically load
the program into memory and display the program.
(ress from the keyboard to run the program or click
128 M082 to display list of option: click or E&TA1TF to
run the program.
CHAPTER FIVE
!.$ SUMMARY* CONCLUTION AND RECOMMENDATION
!.1 SUMMARY6
According to my project topic: it is justified that
computer can be adopted process data related to &TA"/2M
MA8AA0M08T.
The stadium E8namdi Azikiwe &tadiumF facing several
approaches needs a development of this system that can
automatically prepare.
( Total Attendance in a Match
( ,ist of 1egular fans5!ustomers
( Accounting /nformation
( &taff 1ecords
( Maintaining security system.
( 6illing 5access system
( 2pdating 5maintaining system for fans and staff
=detection: update and insertion operation>
( 1ecords outputs in the form of soft copies and hard copies
with respect to achieving these outline above: the project
narrows concentration down to the customers.
CONCLUSION
!omputerization at large is ideal and effective towards
solving this day data processing problems with indent
analysis of vast activities of computerization covered in this
project: despite the limited time frame: the institution can
discover it an easy task: processing records.
RECOMMENDATION
Therefore: computerization should be used in running
the daily activities of data processing =as per records> in the
stadium. /n this order / recommend this new system to
8namdi Azikiwe &taduim to be used in keeping records.
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6eingold !. =#@@-> /ntroduction to data processing %
nd

0dition 2&A: 4.M.!. $rown !ompany publishers.
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,oudon: G.!.and ,oudon: 7.( =#@@#> $usiness /nformation
&ystems A (1*$,0M &*,3/8A A((1*A!9 2&A T90
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,ucas: !.9.=#@-.> /nformation Technology for Management
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*rilla: ,.& =#@-@> /ntroduction to $usiness "ata processing
8ew Jork: McAraw? 9ill.

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