Personality- A stable set of characteristics representing internal properties of an individual, which are
reflected in behavioral tendencies across variety of situations.
THE BIG 5 PERSONALITY TRAITS Extraversion- The degree to which an individual is outgoing and derives energy from being around other people. Conscientiousness- The degree to which an individual focuses on goals and works toward them in a disciplined way. Agreeableness- The degree to which an individual is easygoing and tolerant. Emotional Stability- The degree to which an individual easily handles stressful situations and heavy demands. Openness to Experience- The degree to which an individual seeks new experiences and thinks creatively about the future.
Cognitive Properties- Properties of individuals perceptual and thought processes that affect how they typically process information. Motivational Properties- Stable differences in individuals that energize and maintain overt behaviors.
COGNITIVE CONCEPTS Locus of Control- The degree to which an individual attributes control of events to self or external factors. Authoritarianism- The degree to which an individual believes in conventional values, obedience to authority, and legitimacy of power differences in society. Social Dominance- A general attitudinal orientation concerning whether one prefers social relationships to be equal or to reflect status differences. Self-Monitoring- The degree to which an individual attempts to present the image he or she thinks others want to see in a given situation.
MOTIVATIONAL CONCEPTS Achievement Motivation- The degree to which an individual desires to perform in terms of a standard of excellence or to succeed in competitive situations. Approval Motivation- The degree to which an individual is concerned about presenting himself or herself in a socially desirable way in evaluative situations.
Intelligence- General mental ability to used in complex information processing. Number Aptitude- the ability to handle mathematics. Verbal Comprehension- the ability to understand written and spoken words. Perceptual Speed- the ability to process visual data quickly. Spatial Visualization- the ability to imagine a different physical configuration. Deductive Reasoning- the ability to draw a conclusion or make a choice that logically follows from existing assumptions and data. Inductive Reasoning- the ability to identify, after observing specific cases or instances, the general rues that govern a process or that explain an outcome. Memory- the ability to store and recall previous experiences.
Attitudes- A persistent tendency to feel and behave in a favorable or unfavorable way toward a specific person, object, or idea. Affective Commitment- Organizational commitment due to ones strong positive attitudes toward the organization. Normative Commitment-Organizational commitment due to feelings of obligation. Continuance Commitment- Organizational commitment due to lack of better opportunities. Cognitive Dissonance- An uneasy feeling produced when a person behaves in a manner inconsistent with an existing attitude.
Emotions- Complex subjective reactions that have both a physical and mental component. Emotional Contagion- Phenomenon where emotions experienced by one or a few members of a work group spread to other members. Emotional Labor- The process whereby the associates must display emotions that are contrary to what they are feeling. Emotional Intelligence- The ability to accurately appraise ones own and others emotions, effectively regulates ones own and others emotions, and use emotion t motivate, plan, and achieve. Self-awareness- Associates with high self-awareness understand how their feelings, beliefs, and behaviors affect themselves and others. Self-regulation- The ability to control ones emotion. Empathy- Effectively empathy means thoughtfully considering others feeling when making decisions and weighting those feelings appropriately, along with other factors. Social-skill- The ability to build effective relationships with the goal of moving people toward a desired outcome.