Mendelian Genetics Test Study Guide

1. Vocabulary: Define the following terms.

Heredity-the passing on of physical or mental characteristics genetically from one generation to another.
Trait-a distinguishing quality or characteristic, typically one belonging to a person.
self-fertilie-fertilied by its own pollen
cross-pollination-fertiliation by transfer of pollen from the anthers of one flower to the stigma of another
!enetics-the study of heredity and the "ariation of inherited characteristics.
!ene-a unit of heredity that is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of
the offspring.
#lleles-one of two or more alternati"e forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a
chromosome.
!enotype-the genetic constitution of an indi"idual organism.
$henotype-the set of obser"able characteristics of an indi"idual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with
the en"ironment.
Dominant-most important, powerful, or influential.
%ecessi"e-relating to or denoting heritable characteristics controlled by genes that are e&pressed in offspring only
when inherited from both parents, i.e., when not mas'ed by a dominant characteristic inherited from one parent.
Homoygous-ha"ing identical alleles at corresponding chromosomal loci( )these two fruit flies are homoygous for
red eye color)
Heteroygous-ha"ing dissimilar alleles at corresponding chromosomal loci( )heteroygous for eye color)
$ generation-The parent indi"iduals from which offspring are deri"ed in studies of inheritance( $ stands for
)parental.)
*1 generation-*1 hybrid is a term used in genetics and selecti"e breeding. *1 stands for *ilial 1, the first filial
generation seeds+plants or animal offspring resulting from a cross mating of distinctly different parental types.
*, generation-The progeny resulting from self hybridiation or inbreeding of *1 indi"iduals is called -econd *ilial
or *, generation.
,. .ross , heteroygous plants for round /%0 and wrin'led /r0 peas.
a. $arent 11 genotype %r phenotype2%ound
b. $arent 1, genotype %r phenotype %ound
c. $unnett -quare
d. what is the probability of ha"ing offspring with a recessi"e phenotype3 ,45
e. what is the genotypic ratio3 %%:%r:rr61:,:1
7. 8f mother and father both ha"e brown eyes and child has blue eyes, what are the genotypes of
the parents3 $arent 11 9b $arent 1, 9b
:. -e&-lin'ed Traits- show a punnett square of an &-lin'ed recessi"e disorder.
4. ;&plain why most se&-lin'ed disorders show up more often in males and less often in females. 8n
humans, generally )men are affected and women are carriers) for two reasons. The first is the simple statistical fact
that if the <-chromosomes is a population that carry a particular <-lin'ed mutation at a frequency of =f= /for e&ample,
150 then that will be the frequency that men are li'ely to e&press the mutation /since they ha"e only one <0, while
women will e&press it at a frequency of f
,
/for e&ample 15 > 15 6 ?.?150 since they ha"e two <=s and hence two
chances to get the normal allele. Thus, <-lin'ed mutations tend to be rare in women. The second reason for female
rarity is that women who express the mutation must ha"e two < chromosomes that carry the trait and they necessarily
got one from their father, who would ha"e also e&pressed the trait because he only had one < chromosome in the first
place.
@. Aist 7 reasons that Bendel used pea plants for his studies.
-hort life span.
.ontain both male and female plant parts.
Bany traits 'nown.
C. Dou and your spouse ha"e no children. Dou stand to inherit a sieable fortune from your cray Encle
8r"ing if you can produce three daughters in your family of three children. Fhat is the probability of
doing Gust that3
1+H
H. *or the purpose of this problem assume that in humans the gene for brown eyes is dominant to that
for blue eyes.
a. # brown-eyed man marries a blue-eyed woman, and they ha"e eight brown-eyed children. Fhat are
the genotypes of all the indi"iduals in the family3
9b
b. Fhat is the probability that the first child produced in parents who are both heteroygous for brown
eyes will be blue-eyed3
,45
c. 8f the first child is a brown-eyed girl /same parents as in b0, what is the probability that the
second child will be a blue-eyed boy3
1+H
I. # male alien with 1 antenna mates with a female alien who has , antennae. The female is
heteroygous for the antenna trait. Fhat is the chance that this couple will produce a baby with the
recessi"e phenotype3 4?5
1?. Dou cross a dragon with red eyes with a dragon with yellow eyes and you get a baby dragon with
orange eyes. Fhat were the genotypes of the parents3 %r and %r
Fhat "ariation is this an e&ample of3 28ncomplete dominance
11. .oloring in ebras is an e&ample of 2codominance