ABSTRACT

The main aim of this project is to implement library management system by

maintaining the database for issuing or returning the books. The purpose of this
project is to identify the authorized student using RFID card and to check the status of
the each and every book whether it is issued or not using RFID technology.

Whenever student needs any book from the Library to be issued, he needs to
insert his RFID card into the RFID Card Reader placed in the Library. The micro-
Controller checks whether the student got membership or not by communicating with
RFID Card Reader. If student have the membership then the book has been issued
on student name and in this way, student can update his information regularly while
issuing and returning of books automatically. For more security purpose we interface
thermal printer with microcontroller.


INTRODUCTION

RFID based systems are going to revolutionize the entire library
automation systems. In this project we are going to develop library automation
system, which will track the books, whether they are issued or they are in library, so
that library user will get the instant information.

RFID can be used library circulation operations and theft detection systems.
RFID-based systems move beyond security to become tracking systems that combine
security with more efficient tracking of materials throughout the library, including
easier and faster charge and discharge, inventorying, and materials handling.

RFID IN LIBRARY

Our College Library is a large one having 17,000 books and staffed by both
Paraprofessionals and professional librarians. The following are the tasks to be
performed in the library. Circulation: handling user accounts and issuing/returning and
shelving of materials. Collection, development, order materials, maintain materials
budgets. Technical Services work behind the scenes cataloguing and processing new
materials.

Basic tasks in library management include the planning of acquisitions of
materials, Arranging the acquired materials according to the library classification,
preservation of materials the de accessioning of materials, patron borrowing of
materials, and developing and administering library computer systems.
III.WHAT IS RFID?










RFID stands for Radio-Frequency Identification. The acronym refers to small electronic devices
that consist of a small chip and an antenna. The chip typically is capable of carrying 2,000 bytes
of data or less.
RFID is a combination of radio -frequency-based technology and microchip technology. The
information contained on microchips in the tags affixed to library materials is read using radio
frequency technology, regardless of item orientation or alignment i.e. the technology does not
require line-of-sight or a fixed plane to read tags as do traditional theft detection system.
The RFID device serves the same purpose as a bar code or a magnetic strip on the back of a
credit card or ATM card; it provides a unique identifier for that object. And, just as a
bar code or magnetic strip must be scanned to get the information, the RFID device must be
scanned to retrieve the identifying information.
IV. ATMEGA16













ATmega16 is an 8-bit high performance microcontroller of Atmels Mega AVR family
with low power consumption. Atmega16 is based on enhanced RISC (Reduced
Instruction Set Computing) architecture with 131 powerful instructions. Most of the
instructions execute in one machine cycle. Atmega16 can work on a maximum
frequency of 16MHz. ATmega16 has 16 KB programmable flash memory, static RAM of
1 KB and EEPROM of 512 Bytes. The endurance cycle of flash memory a EEPROM is
10,000 and 100, 000, respectively.

ATmega16 is a 40 pin microcontroller. There are 32 I/O

(input/outpu
t)
lines which are divided into four
8-bit
ports designated
as
PORTA, PORTB, PORTC
and
PORTD. Analog comparator, SPI, JTAG etc. Each I/O pin has an alternative task
related to in-built peripherals.





V. LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY























LCD (liquid crystal display) projectors usually contain three separate LCD glass panels, one each
for the red, green, and blue components of the video signal being fed into the projector. As light
passes through the LCD panels, individual pixels ("picture elements") can be opened to allow
light to pass or closed to block the light, as if each little pixel were fitted with a Venetian blind.
This activity
modulates the light and produces the image that is
projected onto the screen.


VI.IC 7805














7805 provides +5V regulated power supply. Member of 78xx series of fixed linear voltage
regulator Ics. The xx in78xx indicates the fixed output voltage it is designed to provide. The
voltage regulator IC maintains the output voltage at a constant value. Capacitors of suitable
value can be connected at input and output pins depending upon the respective voltage
levels




VII.WORKING:





















Fig: Basic operation of Library management system



The block diagram consists of microcontroller interfaced with an RFID module .Book with RFID, the block
diagram is nothing but the rfid tag attached to the book which contains a chip and antenna, RFID reader also has an
antenna which reads the information from the tag.

When a student wants to issue the book, he just has to bring the book and scanned with the help of RFID
reader. There is a student account in the library system, so whenever the RFID is scanned then automatically it will
updated the Student account. There are several methods of identification, but the most common is to store a serial
number that identifies a person or object, and perhaps other information, on a microchip that is attached to an
antenna (the chip and the antenna together are called an RFID transponder or an RFID tag). The antenna enables
the chip to transmit the identification information to a reader. The reader converts the radio waves reflected back from
the RFID tag into digital information that can then be passed on to computers that can make use of it .

When the RFID tag or card comes in the contact with RFID Reader, the constantly emitting RF waves or signal
generates a minute current in the tag with the help of antenna. The antenna produces radio signals to activate the t ag and
read and write data to it. The electromagnetic field produced by an antenna can be constantly present when multiple tags
are expected continually, so that the reader reads the data of the tag on the book and the card of student. This overall
assembly can be arranged on the table or counter say Self Checking Counter. For the first time,

student has to bring a book from library and come to the Self Checking Counter. Students have to
put the books and his RFID card on the counter.

In this project, we are going to implement the in- out programming. In this, for the first time when a student put
the books (with their tags) and his RFID card on the Self Checking Counter, it will be considered for the
issuing of the book. When student again put same books and his RFID card on the counter, it will be
considered that particular student wants to return the books.
A.ISSUING THE BOOK
When a student wants to issue the book, he just has to bring the book and scanned it to the RFID Reader
on the scanning purpose. There will be the record of every book & student account in the library system, so
whenever the RFID is scanned then automatically it will updated on to the Student account. For the first
time, student has to bring a book from library and come to the Self Checking Counter. Student has to put
the books and his RFID card on the counter. The reader will detect the RFID card and tag and it will update
particular students account in the memory that certain book is issued by that particular student. This
information will be displayed on the LCD Display. In this way, book is issued to particular student.
VIII.FEATURES

Low-cost method for reading passive RFID EM4100 family transponder tags.

High-speed inventory.

RFID tags replace both the EM security strips and Barcode.

Simplify patron self check-out / check-in.

Ability to handle material without exception for video and audio tapes.

Radio Frequency anti-theft detection is innovative and safe.

IX.ADVANTAGES

Fast check-out / check-in with Security.

Simplified patron self check-out / check-in.

High reliability.

Automated materials handling

High-Speed inventory.

Long tag life.



X.CONCLUSION

It is quite clear from the above discussion that an RFID system may be a comprehensive system that addresses both the security
and materials tracking needs of a library. RFID in the library is not a threat if best practices guidelines followed religiously, that it
speeds up book borrowing and inventories and frees staff to do more user-service tasks. The technology saves money too and
quickly gives a return on investment.

It is important to educate library staff and library users about RFID technology before implementing
a program. It may be good for librarians to watch developments in RFID until the cost of tags comes down to $.20 or less, the
figure which some librarians have determined is the key to their serious consideration of it.

XI.REFERENCES

Stephan Engberg, Morten Harning, and Christian Damsgaard Jensen. Privacy &
security enhanced RFID preserving business value and consumer convenience.

A.Cerino and W.P. Walsh. Research and application of radio frequency
identification (RFID) technology to enhance aviation security. In National
Aerospace and Electronics Conference NAECON 2000.

M.M.Ollivier. RFID a new solution technology for security problems. European
Convention on Security and Detection May 1995.

Daniel McPherson and Vinod Chachra.
Personal privacy and use of RFID technology in libraries. White Paper, VTLS
Inc., October 2003 www.vtls.com/documents/privacy.pdf.

M. M. Ollivier.RFID a new solution technology for security problems.
European Convention on Security and Detection May 1995.