UNEP (Refr. Sector) PDF

GUIDEBOOK FOR
IMPLEMENTATION OF
CODES OF GOOD PRACTICE
Phasing out ODS in Developing Countries
REFRIGERATION SECTOR
UNEP
Multilateral Fund for the Implementation
of the Montreal Protocol
United Nations Environment Programme
Industry and Environment
OzonAction Programme
Phasi ng out ODS i n Devel opi ng Count ri es
GUIDEBOOK
FOR
IMPLEMENTATION
OF
CODES OF GOOD PRACTICE
1998
U n ited N atio n s E n viro n m en t Pro g ram m e
In d u stry an d E n viro n m en t
To u r M irab eau
3 9 -4 3 Q u ai An d r C itro n
7 5 7 3 9 Paris C ed ex 1 5
Fran ce
M u ltilateral Fu n d fo r th e Im p lem en tatio n
o f th e M o n treal Pro to co l
1 8 0 0 M cG ill C o lleg e Aven u e, 2 7 th Flo o r
M o n treal, Q u eb ec H 3 A 3 J C
C an ad a
UNEP
Trademarks
All trad em arks u sed in th is d o cu m en t are th e trad em arks o f th eir resp ective co m p an ies.
Reproduct i on of t hi s document
An y o r all p arts o f th is d o cu m en t m ay b e rep ro d u ced w ith o u t p rio r w ritten co n sen t, as lo n g as
th e rep ro d u ced p o rtio n is attrib u ted to U N E P.
Di scl ai mer
Th e U n ited N atio n s E n viro n m en t Pro g ram m e U N E P) , th e au th o r an d th e review ers o f th is
d o cu m en t an d th eir em p lo yees d o n o t en d o rse th e p erfo rm an ce, w o rker safety, o r en viro n m en tal
accep tab ility o f an y o f th e tech n ical o r p o licy o p tio n s d escrib ed in th is d o cu m en t.
Wh ile th e in fo rm atio n co n tain ed h erein is b elieved to b e accu rate, it is o f n ecessity p resen ted in
a su m m ary an d g en eral fash io n . Th e d ecisio n to im p lem en t o n e o f th e o p tio n s p resen ted in th is
d o cu m en t req u ires carefu l co n sid eratio n o f a w id e ran g e o f situ atio n -sp ecific p aram eters, m an y
o f w h ich m ay n o t b e ad d ressed b y th is d o cu m en t. R esp o n sib ility fo r th is d ecisio n an d all its
resu ltin g im p acts rests exclu sively w ith th e in d ivid u al o r en tity ch o o sin g to im p lem en t th e o p tio n .
U N E P, th e au th o r, th e review ers an d th eir em p lo yees d o n o t m ake an y w arran ty o r
rep resen tatio n , eith er exp ressed o r im p lied , w ith resp ect to its accu racy, co m p leten ess o r u tility;
n o r d o th ey assu m e an y liab ility fo r even ts resu ltin g fro m th e u se o f, o r relian ce u p o n , an y
in fo rm atio n , m aterial o r p ro ced u re d escrib ed h erein , in clu d in g b u t n o t lim ited to an y claim s
reg ard in g h ealth , safety, en viro n m en tal effects, efficacy, p erfo rm an ce, o r co st m ad e b y th e so u rce
o f in fo rm atio n .
Th e review ers listed in th is g u id e h ave review ed o n e o r m o re in terim d rafts o f th is g u id e, b u t h ave
n o t review ed th is fin al versio n . Th ese review ers are n o t resp o n sib le fo r an y erro rs w h ich m ay b e
p resen t in th is d o cu m en t o r fo r an y effects w h ich m ay resu lt fro m su ch erro rs.
G u id eb o o k fo r Im p lem en tatio n o f C o d es o f G o o d Practice - R efrig eratio n Secto r
U N E P IE O zo n Actio n Pro g ram m e 1 9 9 8
2
UNITED NATIONS PUBLICATION
ISBN 92-807-1688-3
Acknow l edgement s
Th is p ro ject w as m an ag ed b y:
Ms. Jacquel i ne Al oi si de Larderel , Di rect or
U N E P IE , Fran ce
Mr. Raj endra Shende, Coordi nat or
U N E P IE s O zo n Actio n Pro g ram m e, Fran ce
Ms. Gl adys Hernandez, Programme Of f i cer
U N E P IE s O zo n Actio n Pro g ram m e, Fran ce
Th e q u ality review w as u n d ertaken b y:
Mr. Pet er Cooper, Di rect or
AD TE C Services Ltd . , U n ited K in g d o m
M em b er o f U N EP TO C fo r Refrig eratio n , Air-C o n d itio n in g , an d H eat Pu m p s
Dr. Sukumar Devot t a, Deput y Di rect or
N atio n al C h em ical Lab o rato ry, In d ia
M em b er o f U N EP TO C fo r Refrig eratio n , Air-C o n d itio n in g , an d H eat Pu m p s
Dr. Edw ard Vi neyard, Seni or Consul t ant
O ak R id g e N atio n al Lab o rato ry, U n ited States
M em b er o f U N EP TO C fo r Refrig eratio n , Air-C o n d itio n in g , an d H eat Pu m p s.
Ad d itio n al review an d co m m en ts w ere p ro vid ed b y:
Mr. Raphael Garci a, Indust ri al Engi neer
U n iversity o f San C arlo s o f G u atem ala
Mr. Joseph Benj ami n Hammond, Manager
B en jiesco Tech n ical Services, G h an a
Mr. Johnson Bennet Hasf ord, Seni or St orage Engi neer
G h an a Fo o d D istrib u tio n C o rp o ratio n , G h an a
Mr. Zhong Shunhe, Deput y General Engi neer
D irecto r o f R &D C h in a H o u seh o ld E lectrical Ap p lian ce R esearch In stitu te, C h in a.
Th e d o cu m en t w as research ed an d w ritten b y:
Mr. Hal var t Kppen, Chemi cal Engi neer
E u ro p ean E n viro n m en tal M an ag em en t Asso ciatio n , B elg iu m .
Th e p rep aratio n o f th is d o cu m en t h as in vo lved exten sive co n su ltatio n s w ith an d assistan ce fro m
a w id e ran g e o f g o vern m en t o rg an izatio n s an d in d ivid u als. It co u ld n o t h ave b een p rep ared
w ith o u t th eir in p u t. U N E P w ish es to th an k all co n trib u to rs an d th eir em p lo yees fo r h elp in g to
m ake th is d o cu m en t p o ssib le.
Ackn o w led g em en ts
3
4
Forew ord
Th e o zo n e layer is vital to life o n th e E arth s su rface. Yet in th e 1 9 8 0 s it w as d isco vered th at it w as
vu ln erab le to d am ag e b y em issio n s in to th e atm o sp h ere o f p articu lar in d u strial ch em icals, o f
w h ich th e m o st im p o rtan t w as th e fam ily o f ch lo ro flu o ro carb o n s C FC s . In Sep tem b er 1 9 8 7 ,
n atio n s co n cern ed w ith th is crisis sig n ed th e M o n treal Pro to co l, a lan d m ark ag reem en t th at
id en tified th e m ajo r o zo n e-d ep letin g su b stan ces O D S) an d estab lish ed a tim etab le fo r th e
red u ctio n an d even tu al elim in atio n o f th eir u se.
Th e p ro d u ctio n an d co n su m p tio n o f C FC s w as p h ased o u t in d evelo p ed co u n tries b y th e
b eg in n in g o f 1 9 9 6 . D evelo p in g co u n tries are g iven a lo n g er tim etab le b y th e M o n treal Pro to co l,
an d in J u ly 1 9 9 9 th ey w ill face th eir first targ et: a freeze o n th e co n su m p tio n o f An n ex A C FC s at
1 9 9 5 9 7 levels. To tal p h aseo u t is to b e ach ieved b y 2 0 1 0 .
In m an y d evelo p in g co u n tries th e m o st im p o rtan t secto r in w h ich C FC s are u sed is refrig eratio n ,
an d in m an y co u n tries th e m o st im p o rtan t sin g le u se is in th e servicin g o f C FC -co n tain in g
eq u ip m en t. Yet p o o r servicin g p ro ced u res o ften lead to th e release o f a sig n ifican t p ro p o rtio n o f
th e refrig eran ts d irectly in to th e atm o sp h ere.
It is w id ely reco g n ized th at th e p h aseo u t o f C FC s in th e refrig eratio n secto r in d evelo p in g
co u n tries can b e b est ach ieved th ro u g h an o verall strateg y th at in teg rates th e relevan t tech n ical
an d p o licy o p tio n s. Su ch o verall strateg y is kn o w n as a R efrig eran t M an ag em en t Plan w h ich
in clu d es an d p rio ritizes vario u s activities in clu d in g p u b lic aw aren ess cam p aig n s, train in g an d
certificatio n o f service tech n ician s, co n versio n p ro jects, estab lish m en t o f refrig eran t reco very an d
recyclin g system s an d su itab le p o licy an d reg u lato ry su p p o rt fram ew o rks, im p ro vem en t o f d ata
co llectio n system s an d co n tro l an d m o n ito rin g o f th e O D S co n su m p tio n .
Th is G u id eb o o k is d esig n ed to h elp g o vern m en ts an d in d u stry to d esig n an d estab lish
appropriate codes of good practice fo r th e refrig eratio n servicin g secto r. Su ch co d es o f g o o d
p ractice are an im p o rtan t p art o f th e reg u lato ry fram ew o rk to su p p o rt all o th er p h aseo u t effo rts
w ith in th e R efrig eran t M an ag em en t Plan . Th is G u id eb o o k is p art o f a series o f d o cu m en ts
p ro d u ced b y U N E P w ith in th e O zo n Actio n Pro g ram m e u n d er th e M u ltilateral Fu n d , in o rd er to
assist d evelo p in g co u n tries in th e im p lem en tatio n o f th e M o n treal Pro to co l.
Fo rew o rd
5
6
About t hi s Gui debook
C o d es o f g o o d p ractice in refrig eratio n alread y exist in m an y d evelo p ed co u n tries. Th is G u id eb o o k
d o es n o t sim p ly p resen t versio n s fo r d evelo p in g co u n tries w id ely varyin g n atio n al circu m stan ces
w o u ld m ake th at p o in tless.
In stead , it aim s to g u id e d evelo p in g co u n tries in th e design and establishment o f th eir own co d es
o f g o o d p ractice fo r th e refrig eratio n servicin g secto r. It seeks to p ro vid e a co m m o n b ase fo r
d iscu ssio n am o n g d ecisio n -m akers an d relevan t stakeh o ld ers in d evelo p in g co u n tries, in clu d in g
rep resen tatives fro m :
G N atio n al O zo n e U n its an d o th er g o vern m en t in stitu tio n s
G In d u stry an d trad e asso ciatio n s
G Service w o rksh o p s an d tech n ician s
G System o w n ers an d o p erato rs
G M an u factu rers.
What s t he scope of t hi s Gui debook?
Refrigeration in clu d es air-co n d itio n in g an d h eat p u m p ap p licatio n s th at are relevan t to
d evelo p in g co u n tries. Th e sam e b asic p rin cip les fo r servicin g C FC refrig eratio n system s ap p ly to
all refrig eratio n su b -secto rs, su ch as:
G Commercial and industrial refrigeration, e. g . ch illin g , freezin g an d co ld sto rag e p lan ts, u su ally
d esig n ed as rem o te system s
G Domestic refrigeration, e . g . h o u se h o ld fre e ze rs a n d re fri g e ra to rs, a n d o th e r se lf-
co n ta i n e d a p p li ca ti o n s
G Mobile refrigeration, e. g . tran sp o rt refrig eratio n fo r g o o d s in sh ip s, co n tain ers, rail an d ro ad
tran sp o rt, an d veh icle air-co n d itio n in g in m o to rcars, train s, tru cks an d b u ses.
Servicing in clu d es all kin d o f activities w h ich m ay b e p erfo rm ed b y a service tech n ician , ran g in g
fro m in stallatio n , co m m issio n in g , o p eratio n , in sp ectio n , m ain ten an ce, rep air, retro fittin g , red esig n
an d d e-co m m issio n in g o f refrig eratio n system s to h an d lin g , sto rag e an d reco very an d recyclin g
o f C FC s, in ad d itio n to essen tial reco rd -keep in g .
Th e d esig n an d m an u factu re o f n ew eq u ip m en t o r refrig eran ts, lab o rato ry an d field testin g an d d isp o sal
o r d estru ctio n o f en d -o f-life eq u ip m en t o r refrig eran ts is n o t co n sid ered in th is G u id eb o o k. Th erm al
in su latio n o f refrig eratio n eq u ip m en t o n th e b asis o f O D S-co n tain in g fo am s is also exclu d ed .
What s i n t hi s Gui debook?
An introduction to th e issu e an d b ackg ro u n d in fo rm atio n : w h at is th e M o n treal Pro to co l? H o w
are C FC s u sed in d evelo p in g co u n tries? Wh y is th e refrig eratio n secto r so im p o rtan t? Wh at can
co d es o f g o o d p ractice ach ieve?
Th e challenges faced in ach ievin g a co st-effective p h aseo u t: th e Refrig eran t M an ag em en t Plan .
Wh at can th e d ifferen t g ro u p s o f in d ivid u als an d o rg an izatio n s d o to red u ce C FC u se in
refrig eratio n ? Th is ch ap ter co vers th e tasks fo r 1 ) g o vern m en ts, 2 ) in d u stry an d trad e asso ciatio n s,
3 ) servicin g w o rksh o p s an d tech n ician s, 4 ) system o w n ers an d o p erato rs an d 5 ) m an u factu rers.
Th e steps th at sh o u ld b e taken in d esig n in g an d im p lem en tin g co d es o f g o o d p ractice to red u ce
C FC u se: w h at are th e tasks o f th e im p lem en tatio n team ? Wh at are th e tasks o f th e d esig n team ?
Wh ich step s to b e taken fo r d esig n in g co d es o f g o o d p ractice?
Th e details o f su ch co d es o f g o o d p ractice in clu d in g g en eral servicin g p ractices to b e fo llo w ed o r
to b e elim in ated .
Wh ere to fin d more information an d related d o cu m en ts.
Th e an n exes co n tain fu rth er b ackg ro u n d in fo rm atio n su ch as tem p lates fo r reco rd in g fo rm s an d
lab els an d exam p les o f co m p an y p o licy statem en ts an d vo lu n tary in d u stry ag reem en ts.
Ab o u t th is G u id eb o o k
7
Contents
1. Int roduci ng t he Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Wh at is th e M o n treal Pro to co l? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1
H o w are C FC s u sed in d evelo p in g co u n tries? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2
Wh y is th e refrig eratio n secto r so im p o rtan t? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3
Wh at d o co d es o f g o o d p ractice ach ieve? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3
2. Faci ng t he Chal l enge: What You Need t o Do . . . . . . . . 15
G o vern m en t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5
In d u stry an d Trad e Asso ciatio n s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7
Service w o rksh o p s an d tech n ician s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7
System o w n ers an d o p erato rs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8
M an u factu rers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8
3. Designing and Implement ing Codes of Good Pract ice. . . 19
Tasks fo r th e Im p lem en tatio n Team . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 9
Tasks fo r th e D esig n Team . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2
D esig n in g co d es o f g o o d p ractice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2
4. El ement s of Codes of Good Pract i ce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
1 R ed esig n o f refrig eratio n system s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 5
2 In stallatio n o f eq u ip m en t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 6
3 System o p eratio n an d m ain ten an ce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 7
4 Preven tive in sp ectio n an d m ain ten an ce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 9
5 R eco rd -keep in g an d d o cu m en tatio n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 0
6 R eco very, recyclin g an d reclam atio n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2
7 H an d lin g an d sto rag e o f refrig eran ts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2
8 D isp o sal o f refrig eran ts an d system s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 4
9 R etro fittin g an d altern atives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 5
1 0 Safety req u irem en ts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 6
1 1 Train in g an d certificatio n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 7
1 2 R eg u lato ry in ven to ry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 8
1 3 C o n tact ad d resses an d h in ts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 9
8
5. Fur t her Inf ormat i on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
R elated d o cu m en ts an d referen ces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1
Annexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
An n ex A: R eco rd in g fo rm s an d lab els. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 4
An n ex B : C o m p an y p o licy statem en t fo r ven tin g o f refrig eran ts . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2
An n ex C : Vo lu n tary in d u stry ag reem en t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3
An n ex D : Tab le o f co n ten ts fo r co d es o f g o o d p ractice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 4
An n ex E : D ecisio n m atrix fo r reu se, recyclin g an d reclaim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 7
An n ex F: Train in g p ro g ram m e fo r refrig eratio n m ech an ics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 9
An n ex G : B ib lio g rap h y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1
An n ex H : List o f stan d ard s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 0
An n ex I: G lo ssary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2
An n ex J : C o n tact ad d resses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 4
An n ex K : U N E P O zo n Actio n Pro g ram m e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 6
C o n ten ts
9
C FC C h lo ro flu o ro carb o n s
H C FC H yd ro ch lo ro flu o ro carb o n s
H FC H yd ro flu o ro carb o n s
LVC co u n tries Lo w -vo lu m e-O D S-co n su m in g co u n tries
O D S O zo n e-d ep letin g su b stan ce
O Z AP O zo n Actio n Pro g ram m e
R &R R eco very an d R ecyclin g
TO C Tech n ical O p tio n s C o m m ittee
U N E P U n ited N atio n s E n viro n m en t Pro g ram m e
U N E P IE U N E P In d u stry an d E n viro n m en t
10
Common abbrevi at i ons
1. Introducing the Issues
What i s t he Mont real Prot ocol ?
Th e frag ile o zo n e layer h ig h in th e E arth s strato sp h ere p lays a cru cial ro le in
p ro tectin g h u m an , an im al an d p lan t life fro m h arm fu l u ltravio let rad iatio n
em an atin g fro m th e su n . In th e 1 9 8 0 s it w as d isco vered th at th is o zo n e layer
w as vu ln erab le to d am ag e b y C FC s an d o th er in d u strial ch em icals. Stab le,
n o n -to xic an d h ig h ly versatile, C FC s h ave b een em p lo yed fo r a w id e variety
o f u ses, in clu d in g refrig eran ts an d air-co n d itio n in g flu id s, aero so l
p ro p ellan ts, so lven ts an d fo am -b lo w in g ag en ts. O th er o zo n e-d ep letin g
su b stan ces O D S) in clu d e h alo n s, carb o n tetrach lo rid e, m eth yl ch lo ro fo rm ,
m eth yl b ro m id e an d h yd ro ch lo ro flu o ro carb o n s H C FC s ; th is latter categ o ry
is m u ch less o zo n e-d ep letin g th an C FC s, an d is o ften u sed as a tran sitio n al
su b stitu te.
Th e U n ited N atio n s, th ro u g h U N E P, w as in stru m en tal in n eg o tiatin g th e
1 9 8 5 Vien n a C o n ven tio n fo r th e Pro tectio n o f th e O zo n e Layer, an d th e
su b seq u en t 1 9 8 7 M o n treal Pro to co l o n Su b stan ces th at D ep lete th e O zo n e
Layer. Th ese in tern atio n al treaties, w h ich h ave n o w ach ieved alm o st
u n iversal ad h eren ce, ap p lied q u an titative co n tro ls to th e p ro d u ctio n an d
co n su m p tio n o f O D S.
Th ese co n tro ls h ave b een m ad e stead ily stricter as th e scien tific evid en ce fo r
o zo n e d ep letio n h as stren g th en ed , an d as in d u stry h as su cceed ed in
d evelo p in g n o n -o zo n e d ep letin g su b stitu tes. In th e in d u strialized w o rld ,
to tal p h aseo u t o f m o st categ o ries o f O D S, in clu d in g all C FC s, w as ach ieved
b y th e b eg in n in g o f 1 9 9 6 .
D evelo p in g co u n tries Article 5 p arties as d efin ed in th e M o n treal Pro to co l
en jo y lo n g er co n tro l sch ed u les. Th e first targ et fo r C FC s th ey face is a
freeze o n p ro d u ctio n an d co n su m p tio n o f An n ex A C FC s at 1 9 9 5 9 7 levels
b y 1 J u ly 1 9 9 9 .
Th e M o n treal Pro to co l co n tain s a m ech an ism th e M u ltilateral Fu n d ) fo r
p ro vid in g fin an cial su p p o rt to d evelo p in g co u n tries to assist th em in
d raw in g u p an d im p lem en tin g O D S p h aseo u t p ro g ram m es. Th e Fu n d
o p erates th ro u g h fo u r im p lem en tin g ag en cies, U N E P, U N D P, U N ID O an d th e
Wo rld B an k. U N E P IE , th ro u g h its O zo n A ctio n Pro g ram m e, assists
d evelo p in g co u n tries in th e im p lem en tatio n o f th e M o n treal Pro to co l
th ro u g h an in fo rm atio n clearin g h o u se in fo rm atio n exch an g e, train in g an d
n etw o rkin g ) an d o th er co u n try sp ecific activities. M o re in fo rm atio n o n th e
O zo n Actio n Pro g ram m e can b e fo u n d in An n ex K .
In tro d u cin g th e Issu es
11
The ozone l ayer
The ozone t reat i es
Devel opi ng count ri es
Su b stitu tes n o w exist fo r virtu ally all u ses o f C FC s, an d in so m e areas -
aero so l p ro p ellan ts an d so lven ts, fo r exam p le O D S are n o w alm o st n ever
u sed in n ew p ro d u cts. R efrig eratio n h as p ro ved a m o re d ifficu lt secto r,
h o w ever, an d m u ch o f th e eq u ip m en t in vo lved h as fairly lo n g lifetim es. Th u s
th e servicin g o f th is eq u ip m en t p lays an im p o rtan t p art in an effective
strateg y fo r O D S p h aseo u t.
How are CFCs used i n devel opi ng count ri es?
D evelo p in g co u n tries vary w id ely in th eir p attern o f O D S u se, an d o f co u rse
th is is rap id ly ch an g in g o ver tim e. Fo r th e p u rp o ses o f th is G u id eb o o k, th ere
are tw o key p airs o f d istin ctio n s:
Larg e co u n tries w ith relatively so p h isticated tech n o lo g ies an d research
cap ab ilities, w h ich p ro d u ce O D S b o th fo r lo cal u se an d fo r e xp o rt m arkets;
e xam p les in clu d e C h in a, In d ia an d B razil. Sin ce C FC p rices in th ese
co u n tries are still lo w, th ere is little in cen tive fo r reco very an d recyclin g
b u t th ere are p lan s to co n vert C FC to H C FC p ro d u ctio n an d to in tro d u ce
th e p ro d u ctio n o f n o n -o zo n e d e p le tin g su b stitu te s su ch a s
h yd ro flu o ro carb o n s H FC s) .
O th er d evelo p in g co u n tries w h ich rely o n im p o rted O D S an d w h ere lo cal
eq u ip m en t m an u factu re is lim ited to assem b ly. Th ese co u n tries u su ally h ave
w eak in d u stry asso ciatio n s an d a lim ited access to u p -to -d ate in fo rm atio n
o n availab le tech n o lo g y.
C o u n tries co n su m in g larg e am o u n ts o f O D S m o re th an 3 6 0 to n n es p er
year , in clu d in g p ro d u cer co u n tries su ch as B razil, In d ia, C h in a, Arg en tin a
an d M exico , an d n o n -p ro d u cer co u n tries su ch as Th ailan d , M alaysia,
Ph ilip p in es, In d o n esia, Tu rkey, Iran , E g yp t, C o lo m b ia, E cu ad o r, C h ile, Su d an
an d Alg eria. D ifferen ces in m arket an d in d u strial stru ctu res, in stitu tio n al set-
u p an d g o vern m en t p o licies are h u g e, an d req u ire a case-b y-case ap p ro ach
to th e d efin itio n o f O D S p h aseo u t strateg ies. Th e refrig eratio n secto r is
u su ally n o t th e o n ly p h aseo u t targ et area in th ese co u n tries; o th er secto rs
m ay o ccasio n ally b e m o re im p o rtan t.
Lo w -vo lu m e co n su m in g LVC ) co u n tries acco u n ted fo r 7 5 % o f Article 5
co u n tries in 1 9 9 6 8 6 o u t o f 1 1 4 ) ; exam p les in clu d e G h an a, Sri Lan ka,
G u atem ala, B u rkin a Faso an d M o zam b iq u e. Th ese co u n tries im p o rt all O D S
an d O D S-co n tain in g p ro d u cts fo r th eir lo cal m arkets. Th ey face p articu lar
d ifficu lties in p h aseo u t b ecau se o f p ro b lem s su ch as a w eak in stitu tio n al set-
u p , lim ited tech n o lo g ical exp ertise an d d ifficu lties in reg u latin g a larg e
in fo rm al service secto r w ith p o o r eq u ip m en t an d u n skilled p erso n n el.
12
Phasi ng out ODS
Fi rst , i n t erms
of production
of ODS:
Second, i n t erms
of consumption
of ODS:
Why i s t he ref ri gerat i on sect or so i mpor t ant ?
Th e refrig eratio n secto r is th e m o st im p o rtan t O D S-co n su m in g secto r in
alm o st all d evelo p in g co u n tries. Tab le 1 sh o w s h o w th e secto r acco u n ted fo r
b etw een o n e-th ird an d tw o -th ird s o f to tal co n su m p tio n in th e 7 8
d evelo p in g co u n tries an alyzed . Th e sm aller th e co u n try s to tal
co n su m p tio n , th e larg er th e p ro p o rtio n acco u n ted fo r b y refrig eratio n . In
ad d itio n , o f co u rse, th e secto r is o f strateg ic im p o rtan ce fo r th e su p p ly o f
fo o d an d m ed icin es an d th e exp o rt o f cro p s.
Table 1: ODS consumption in small-, medium- and high-ODS-consuming Article 5 countries in
199294. These data may change rapidly with the advancing phaseout of ODS (Source:
Country Programme reports).
What do codes of good pract i ce achi eve?
Th e refrig eratio n in d u stry estim ates th at ab o u t o n e-sixth o f th e w o rld w id e
C FC u se in th e refrig eratio n secto r co u ld b e red u ced th ro u g h p ro p er
servicin g an d m ain ten an ce p ractices. In LVC co u n tries, n early all C FC
co n su m p tio n is d evo ted to servicin g existin g refrig eratio n system s. Th e re is
h u g e p o te n tia l to re d u ce C F C co n su m p tio n b y p re ve n tin g u n n ecessary
em issio n s in servicin g .
C o d es o f g o o d p ractice in th e refrig eratio n secto r are d esig n ed to :
G D efin e m in im u m stan d ard s o f g o o d p ractice fo r servicin g refrig eratio n
system s
G Act as reso u rce d o cu m en ts in th e train in g o f service tech n ician s an d th e
d evelo p m en t o f train in g m aterials
G H elp to in itiate co m m u n icatio n b etw een relevan t stakeh o ld ers, in clu d in g
service co m p an ies fro m th e in fo rm al secto r.
Su ch co d es o f g o o d p ractice th erefo re fo rm a h ig h ly im p o rtan t p art o f a
co u n try s O D S p h aseo u t strateg y. Pro p erly d esig n ed an d im p lem en ted
co d es:
G Red u ce C FC co n su m p tio n in a co st-effective m an n er, w ith o u t req u irin g
m ajo r cap ital in vestm en t
13
Consumpt ion Ref ri ge
Aerosol Foam Hal ons Sol vent s
cat egori es -rat i on
1 0 0 0 an d m o re
to n n es O D S N = 1 8 )
3 3 % 1 2 % 2 6 % 1 6 % 1 2 %
3 6 0 < . . . < 1 0 0 0
to n n es O D S N = 9 )
5 4 % 2 3 % 1 3 % 5 % 1 %
3 6 0 an d less
to n n es O D S N = 5 1 )
6 9 % 1 2 % 8 % 7 % 4 %
G H elp en su re a sm o o th tran sitio n fro m C FC to n o n -C FC tech n o lo g y b y
allo w in g existin g refrig eratio n system s to ru n u n til th e en d o f th eir u sefu l
life th ro u g h lo w er co n su m p tio n an d th e u se o f reco very an d recyclin g
system s , th ereb y avo id in g p rem atu re rep lacem en t
G Also im p ro ve q u ality, safety an d h ealth asp ects.
14
Facin g th e C h allen g e : Wh at Yo u N eed to D o
15
2. Facing the Challenge:
What You Need to Do
Government
A m ajo r resp o n sib ility o f th e G o vern m en t is to in itiate, p lan , co o rd in ate
an d m o n ito r th e tran sfo rm atio n p ro cess to w ard s n o n -O D S tech n o lo g y in
th e co u n try. Th e in itiatio n p h ase m ay co m p rise:
G D em o n stratio n o f th e co u n try s co m m itm en t fo r O D S p h aseo u t th ro u g h
b eco m in g a Party to th e M o n treal Pro to co l
G Id en tificatio n an d in vo lvem en t o f relevan t stakeh o ld ers in clu d in g th e
in tern atio n al co m m u n ity
G Fo rm u latio n o f a C o u n try Pro g ram m e fo r O D S p h aseo u t an d estab lish m en t o f
an O D S p h aseo u t p lan an d a Refrig eran t M an ag em en t Plan
G E stab lish m en t o f a N atio n al O zo n e U n it
Th is G u id eb o o k assu m es th at th e co u n try in q u estio n is alread y a p arty to
th e M o n treal Pro to co l an d is in th e p ro cess o f estab lish in g o r im p lem en tin g
its Country Programme fo r O D S p h aseo u t. Su ch C o u n try Pro g ram m e
estab lish es a b aselin e su rvey o n th e u se o f th e co n tro lled su b stan ces an d
d raw s u p ap p ro p riate p o licies an d strateg ies. Th ese fo rm th e b asis fo r th e
d efin itio n o f an o verall phaseout plan fo r th e rep lacem en t an d co n tro l o f
O D S an d th e creatio n o f a N atio n al O zo n e U n it as p art o f an In stitu tio n al
Stren g th en in g p ro ject. Th e N atio n al O zo n e U n it co o rd in ates an d m o n ito rs
th e p h aseo u t p lan .
Th e p h aseo u t p lan fo r O D S d efin es th e p h aseo u t tim e sch ed u le fo r each
co n tro lled su b stan ce an d th e sp ecific actio n s to b e u n d ertaken an d takes
in to acco u n t th e sp ecific in d u strial, p o litical an d leg islative situ atio n in th e
co u n try. It sh o u ld sp ecify h o w to o verco m e o b stacles an d h o w to allo cate
fin an cial an d h u m an reso u rces as w ell as n ecessary eq u ip m en t.
All relevan t stakeh o ld ers th e g ro u p s listed b elo w sh o u ld b e in vo lved an d
co n su lted d u rin g th e estab lish m en t o f th e O D S p h aseo u t p lan d etailin g th e
tim in g o f all o f th e key elem en ts in su ch p lan , o f m ilesto n es fo r O D S
p h aseo u t an d o f th e im p lem en tatio n o f su p p o rtin g m easu res.
Responsibilities n eed to b e allo cated to th e relevan t stakeh o ld ers an d clear
p o licy statem en ts sh o u ld b e co m m u n icated to all stakeh o ld ers an d th e
g en eral p u b lic.
As th e p h aseo u t p lan is b ein g im p lem en ted an d n ew o b stacles an d
o p p o rtu n ities arise an d as th e M o n treal Pro to co l co n tin u es to evo lve th e
p lan w ill n eed review an d m o d ificatio n .
The Count r y
Programme
The phaseout pl an
f or ODS
As th e refrig eratio n secto r is a p rio rity in m o st Article 5 co u n tries, a
Refrigerant Management Plan [5 7 ] n eed s to b e estab lish ed as p art o f th e
o verall p h aseo u t p lan fo r O D S. Th e o b jective o f a R M P at co u n try level is to
d esig n an d im p lem en t an in teg rated an d o verall strateg y fo r co st-effective
p h aseo u t o f C FC in th e refrig eratio n servicin g secto r w h ich in clu d es th e
m o st relevan t tech n ical an d p o licy o p tio n s. Pro jects p revio u sly im p lem en ted
in iso latio n fro m o n e an o th er are th u s p art o f an o verall ap p ro ach , an d
syn ch ro n ized fo r o p tim al resu lts. Su ch an in teg rated strateg y m ay in clu d e:
G Stren g th en in g o f th e in stu tu tio n al fram ew o rk an d th e estab lish m en t o f a
su itab le p o licy an d reg u lato ry su p p o rt fram ew o rk
G E stab lish m en t o f refrig eran t R &R system s
G E stab lish m en t o f system s fo r m o n ito rin g an d co n tro l o f C F C
co n su m p tio n , im p o rts an d exp o rts
G Train in g o f service tech n ician s o n g o o d p ractices in refrig eratio n an d R&R
G Train in g o f cu sto m s o fficers o n co n tro l an d m o n ito rin g o f C FC im p o rts
an d exp o rts
G Pu b lic aw aren ess cam p aig n s
Th e im p lem en tatio n o f co d es o f g o o d p ractices in th is co n text rep resen ts a
su p p o rtin g m easu re fo r th e train in g o f tech n ician s in g o o d servicin g p ractices.
Th e em p h asis o n d ifferen t elem en ts w ill o f co u rse ch an g e o ver tim e as p h aseo u t
ad van ces. Th e fo llo w in g exam p le sh o w s h o w th e d ifferen t elem en ts can b e
fitted to g eth er an d p ro g ress th ro u g h d ifferen t stag es:
G In th e in itial stag es, th e co u n try sh o u ld co n cen trate o n containment
p ractices to p reserve scarce C FC s an d to ru n existin g eq u ip m en t u n til th e
en d o f its eco n o m ic life. Th is m ay req u ire train in g fo r tech n ician s o n g o o d
servicin g p ractices.
G M o n ito rin g an d co n tro l o f an y eq u ip m en t m an u factu rin g in th e co u n try
in o rd er to avo id th e in stallatio n o f n ew p lan ts fo r C FC system s an d to
p ro m o te th e early conversion of manufacturing plants fo r refrig eratio n
eq u ip m en t is cru cial to m in im ize th e n u m b er o f C FC system s existin g in
th e co u n try.
G Monitoring and control o f im p o rts o f n ew an d seco n d -h an d C FC s an d
C FC system s w ill req u ire th e estab lish m en t o f a regulatory framework
in clu d in g im p o rt licen ses an d cu sto m s co n tro ls. Th is m ay req u ire train in g
o f cu sto m s o fficers.
G Retrofitting C FC system s m ay take p lace if it is tech n ically an d
eco n o m ically feasib le. Th is m ay b e th e case fo r eq u ip m en t w ith a lo n g
rem ain in g life-tim e.
G If eq u ip m en t is at th e en d o f its eco n o m ic life, replacement is th e
su g g ested ap p ro ach . Th e d eco m m issio n in g o f th e o ld system s m ay
req u ire th e estab lish m en t o f p ro p er disposal p ractices, a p erm it system
to d isp o se o f C FC s an d C FC system s an d d estru ctio n facilities.
G In th e latter stag es o f th e p h aseo u t p ro g ram m e, train in g fo r tech n ician s
m ay fo cu s o n h o w to service alternative systems an d h an d le altern ative
refrig eran ts.
Th e in vo lvem en t an d co m m itm en t o f all relevan t stakeh o ld ers an d th e
16
The Ref ri gerant
Management Pl an
(RMP)
17
co o rd in ated im p lem en tatio n o f th e ch o sen elem en ts, is cru cial to ach ieve a
su ccessfu l p h aseo u t. Th e G u id eb o o k n o w co n sid ers th e ro les o f th e o th er
stakeh o ld ers id en tified earlier.
Indust r y and Trade Associ at i ons
In d u stry an d trad e asso ciatio n s w h ere th ey exist in d evelo p in g co u n tries can
p lay a cru cial ro le in d efin in g an d su p p o rtin g th e n atio n al O D S p h aseo u t p lan .
Th eir resp o n sib ility is p rim arily to p ro tect th e in terests o f th eir m em b er
co m p an ies in th e co n text o f th e p h aseo u t p lan , an d to in fo rm th em ab o u t
n ew tren d s an d d evelo p m en ts. In p articu lar, th ey can :
G Act as a co m m u n icatio n ro u te b etw een stakeh o ld ers an d in itiate n et-
w o rkin g w ith in tern atio n al asso ciatio n s, train in g in stitu tes an d research
b o d ies.
G C o llect an d p ro vid e d ata fo r d ecisio n -m akin g an d m o n ito rin g to th e
N atio n al O zo n e U n its.
G Id en tify service w o rksh o p s an d tech n ician s in th e fo rm al an d in fo rm al
secto rs, e. g . th ro u g h w h o lesalers d istrib u tio n n etw o rks.
G E n co u rag e system o w n ers, o p erato rs, service tech n ician s an d w o rksh o p s
to ad o p t g o o d servicin g p ractices an d in fo rm o n n ew an d fu tu re
leg islatio n , m icro - an d m acro eco n o m ic d evelo p m en ts, in n o vative an d
altern ative tech n o lo g ies, b u sin ess o p p o rtu n ities an d p artn ersh ip s.
G Pro m o te tech n o lo g y tran sfer.
G Particip ate in th e d evelo p m en t train in g an d in fo rm atio n m aterials
in clu d in g co d es o f g o o d p ractice as w ell as in th e o rg an izatio n o f train in g
w o rksh o p s an d sem in ars o n tech n ical o p tio n s, g o o d servicin g p ractices
an d en viro n m en tal aw aren ess.
G Ad vise g o vern m en t o n th e leg islative an d su p p o rtin g m easu res n eed in g
to b e im p lem en ted .
G In itiate vo lu n tary actio n an d b u sin ess co m m itm en ts.
Ser vi ce w orkshops and t echni ci ans
Service w o rksh o p s an d tech n ician s h ave to b e aw are o f recen t p o licy an d
tech n o lo g ical tren d s in o rd er to b e ab le to ad vise an d in fo rm th eir clien ts an d
to ap p ly p ro p er servicin g p ractices. Th ey n eed , th erefo re, to stay in clo se
co n tact w ith in d u stry an d trad e asso ciatio n s, eq u ip m en t an d refrig eran t
su p p liers an d g o vern m en t in stitu tio n s. In p articu lar, th ey sh o u ld :
G R em ain aw are o f g o vern m en t p o licies, O D S p h aseo u t p lan s an d th e
en viro n m en tal im p licatio n s o f C FC em issio n s.
G Stay ab reast o f th e reg u lato ry req u irem en ts, altern ative refrig eran ts an d
tech n o lo g ies, an d all th e co st im p licatio n s.
G Keep in fo rm ed o f an d p articip ate in train in g o p p o rtu n ities an d
certificatio n sch em es fo r service tech n ician s.
G Pro cu re th e n ecessary R &R eq u ip m en t.
Facin g th e C h allen g e : Wh at Yo u N eed to D o
18
G E stab lish th e n ecessary reco rd -keep in g p ro ced u res.
G D issem in ate in fo rm atio n to cu sto m ers o n th eir leg al o b lig atio n s, reco rd -
keep in g , self-in sp ectio n s an d p reven tive m ain ten an ce.
G Ad vise cu sto m ers o n th eir tech n o lo g ical o p tio n s an d th e asso ciated co st
im p licatio n s.
Syst em ow ners and operat ors
O w n ers an d o p erato rs o f refrig eratio n system s sh o u ld b e aw are o f, an d
m ain tain co n tact w ith , relevan t in d u stry b o d ies, trad e asso ciatio n s, th eir
lo cal service co m p an ies an d , if p ractical, th e su p p liers an d m an u factu rers o f
th e refrig eran ts an d refrig eratio n system s th ey u se. In p articu lar, th ey sh o u ld :
G R em ain aw are o f g o vern m en t p o licies an d O D S p h aseo u t p lan s, an d o f
th e en viro n m en tal im p licatio n s o f C FC em issio n s.
G O b tain in fo rm atio n o n th e reg u lato ry req u irem en ts, reco rd -keep in g , self-
in sp ectio n s an d p reven tive m ain ten an ce, an d o n in n o vative tech n o lo g y
o p tio n s.
G E stab lish a R efrig eran t M an ag em en t Plan at co m p an y level, in clu d in g th e
n ecessary m an ag em en t co m m itm en t an d th e d esig n atio n o f a facility
refrig eran t m an ag er.
G R aise aw aren ess an d train th e em p lo yees.
Manuf act urers
M an u factu rers o f refrig eratio n system s m u st keep in clo se co n tact w ith
g o vern m en t in stitu tio n s an d in d u stry asso ciatio n s to b e aw are o f
g o vern m en t p o licies an d O D S p h aseo u t p lan s an d to keep in fo rm ed ab o u t
leg islative req u irem en ts. In p articu lar, th ey sh o u ld :
G N etw o rk an d exch an g e in fo rm atio n w ith o th er co m p an ies, research
in stitu tes, refrig eran t p ro d u cers an d su p p liers to en su re th ey are kep t
in fo rm ed o f p o licy d evelo p m en ts an d in n o vative tech n o lo g ies.
G E valu ate th e tech n o lo g ical o p tio n s fo r th e co n versio n o f th eir
m an u factu rin g facility to n o n -C FC p ro d u cts.
G Train p erso n n el o n g o o d p ractices an d en viro n m en tal aw aren ess.
G Pro vid e p ro d u ct stew ard sh ip an d th e n ecessary in fo rm atio n to cu sto m ers
o n servicin g o r retro fittin g th eir existin g refrig eratio n system s.
G D isp lay m an ag em en t co m m itm en t e. g . b y issu in g a co m p an y p o licy
statem en t see An n ex B ) .
G Th e conversion of manufacturing facilities sh o u ld h ave a h ig h p rio rity in
o rd er to red u ce th e fu tu re sto ck o f C FC system s an d to en su re
co m p etiven ess in , an d access to , in tern atio n al m arkets.
19
3. Designing
and Implementing
Codes of Good Practice
Th e d esig n an d im p lem en tatio n o f national codes of good practice for the
refrigeration servicing sector sh o u ld fo rm an in teg rated p art o f th e
R efrig eran t M an ag em en t Plan , w h ich itself fo rm s p art o f th e w id er n atio n al
p h aseo u t p lan fo r O D S.
U su ally, th e National Ozone Unit sh o u ld estim ate th e n ecessary reso u rces fo r
th e p ro ject an d d efin e sco p e, tim e sch ed u le, an d targ et g ro u p s.
In tu rn th e N atio n al O zo n e U n it sh o u ld estab lish an in terd iscip lin ary
Implementation Team fo r th e d etailed p lan n in g an d co o rd in atio n o f th e
p ro ject. Th is team m ay d esig n th e co d es o f g o o d p ractice itself o r d eleg ate
it to an in terd iscip lin ary D esig n Team .
Th e co m p o sitio n o f th e Design Team m ay b e th e sam e o r sim ilar to th e
Im p lem en tatio n Team , if th e team m em b ers h ave su fficien t tim e an d
tech n ical e xp ertise to p rep are th e co d es. It is ad visab le to h ave at least
o n e re p re se n ta tive fro m th e I m p le m e n ta tio n Te a m , to e n su re
co m m u n icatio n b etw een b o th team s an d to m o n ito r th e w o rk o f th e
D esig n Team . Th e p u rp o se o f th e D esig n Team is to co n cen trate o n th e
acq u isitio n o f in fo rm atio n an d th e co m p ilatio n o f th e co d es o f g o o d
p ractice th em selves.
Th e rest o f th is ch ap ter d escrib es th e step s th at n eed to b e taken b y b o th
team s in d raw in g u p th e co d es o f g o o d p ractice. Th e n ext ch ap ter co n tain s
m o re d etail ab o u t th e content o f th e co d es.
Tasks f or t he Impl ement at i on Team
Th e Im p lem en tatio n Team sh o u ld fo llo w th ese step s:
P lan an d p rio ritize activities an d n ecessary reso u rces. Th e p lan n ed
a cti o n s sh o u ld ta ke i n to a cco u n t th e p ri o ri ti e s o f th e C o u n try
Pro g ram m e, to ach ieve m axim u m effectiven ess an d co o rd in atio n w ith
o th er activities.
D esig n in g an d Im p lem en tin g C o d es o f G o o d Practice
Pl an and pri ori t i ze
20
E stab lish a d etailed sch ed u le fo r th e im p lem en tatio n p ro cess, w h ich
sh o u ld co n fo rm w ith th e tim e sch ed u les o f o th er su p p o rtin g activities
an d th e im p lem en tatio n o f th e C o u n try Pro g ram m e. Th e su ccessfu l
in tro d u ctio n o f co d e s o f g o o d p ra ctice n e e d s to co n sid e r m a n y
m e a su re s, i n clu d i n g a w a re n e ss-ra i si n g a n d tra i n i n g , a n d th e
estab lish m en t o f leg al an d eco n o m ic in cen tives. All stakeh o ld ers m u st b e
in fo rm ed ab o u t th e tim e sch ed u les, m ilesto n es an d th e step s th ey n eed
to take.
Id en tify th e relevan t stakeh o ld ers, su ch as service co m p an ies, tech n ical
train in g sch o o ls an d in stitu tes, g o vern m en t an d in d u stry p artn ers,
d istrib u to rs an d w h o lesalers o f refrig eratio n eq u ip m en t an d refrig eran ts.
M ain tain an u p -to -d ate list o f co n tact ad d resses.
Th e early in vo lvem en t an d co n su ltatio n o f th ese in d ivid u als an d
o rg an izatio n s in th e p lan n in g , d esig n an d im p lem en tatio n p ro cess w ill train
an d fam iliarize key d ecisio n -m akers w ith o zo n e issu es an d d evelo p th eir
co m m itm en t an d su p p o rt.
In fo rm atio n an d aw aren ess cam p aig n s an d th e o rg an izatio n o f n atio n al
w o rksh o p s o n g o o d se rvicin g p ra ctice s h e lp to g a in in d u stry
co m m itm en t. In d u stry m ay su p p o rt th e im p lem en tatio n o f su ch co d es o f
g o o d p ractice b y o fficially ap p ro vin g th e estab lish ed co d es an d sig n in g
relevan t p o licy statem en ts. An e xam p le o f su ch a p o licy statem en t is g iven
in An n e x B .
Id en tify an d ch aracterize th e targ et g ro u p s fo r th e co d es o f g o o d
p ractice, su ch as d irectly h ired system o p erato rs an d service tech n ician s
in m an u factu rin g co m p an ies, an d tech n ician s fro m sm all o r larg e service
w o rksh o p s as w ell as th e in fo rm al service secto r. Wh o lesalers an d
d istrib u to rs o f refrig eratio n system s, sp are p arts an d refrig eran ts m ay
h elp in th e id en tificatio n p ro cess an d in estab lish in g th e n ecessary
co n tacts.
In vestig ate existin g servicin g p ractices fo r refrig eratio n system s, w o rkin g
co n d itio n s an d co n strain ts an d th e ed u catio n al level o f tech n ician s. Ag ain ,
m ain tain an u p -to -d ate list o f co n tact ad d resses.
In vestig ate th e in ven to ry o f existin g C FC an d n o n -C FC refrig eratio n
eq u ip m en t, w o rkin g flu id s, R &R an d leak-testin g eq u ip m en t, an d co n sid er
th eir availab ility in n atio n al m arkets.
A d vertise an d co m m u n icate g o o d service p ractices in refrig eratio n to th e
relevan t stakeh o ld ers an d th e p u b lic. Press releases, leaflets, p o sters, an d
rad io an d televisio n in terview s an d p ro g ram m es can b e u sed . O th er
ch a n n e ls, su ch a s te ch n ica l tra in in g in stitu te s, w h o le sa le rs a n d
d istrib u to rs, an d co m p an ies an d service w o rksh o p s sh o u ld also b e
in vestig ated .
Def i ne t i me schedul e
Ident i f y st akehol ders
and gai n commi t ment
Ident i f y t arget groups
Invest i gat e exi st i ng
equi pment
Improve
communi cat i on
Id en tify ap p ro p riate team m em b ers an d a p relim in ary tim e sch ed u le fo r th eir
w o rk w h ich sh o u ld b e su p ervised b y th e Im p lem en tatio n Team an d
rep o rted b ack to th e N atio n al O zo n e U n it. Th e D esig n Team m ay n eed to
b e train ed an d p rep ared b y p articip atin g in sem in ars an d field visits. Th eir
tasks are o u tlin ed b elo w.
E stab lish ed co d es o f g o o d p ractice n eed to b e en fo rced : co m m an d an d
co n tro l m easu res e. g . reg u latio n s , m arket-b ased m easu res e. g . taxes o r
p erm its o r vo lu n tary ag reem en ts are all p o ssib le ro u tes. C o m m an d an d
co n tro l ap p ro ach es th e m o st co m m o n ap p ro ach d o req u ire an effective
leg al fram ew o rk.
Th e Im p lem en tatio n Team sh o u ld p ro p o se th e co m b in atio n o f d ifferen t typ es
o f m easu res w h ich b est su its th e co u n try situ atio n . Relevan t stakeh o ld ers
sh o u ld o f co u rse b e in vo lved in th e d iscu ssio n s, an d th e existin g leg islative an d
ad m in istrative fram ew o rk sh o u ld b e u sed as far as p o ssib le an y p ro p o sed
ch an g es w ill h ave to b e su b m itted to g o vern m en t. If n ew m easu res are
n ecessary, in d u stry sh o u ld b e allo w ed a p h ase-in sch ed u le to ad ap t to th em in
o rd er to avo id u n n ecessary d isru p tio n .
Sin ce fo reig n -o w n ed m u ltin atio n al co m p an ies u su ally h ave read y access to
in n o vative tech n o lo g y, in vestm en t cap ital an d th e skilled p erso n n el n eed ed
to p erfo rm th e tran sitio n , in d ig en o u s in d u stries m ay n eed p ro tectio n d u rin g
th e tran sitio n p h ase, w h ile at th e sam e tim e en su rin g th at d em an d fo r
altern ative tech n o lo g ies can b e m et. An y n ew leg islatio n sh o u ld b e
acco m p an ied b y ap p ro p riate m o n ito rin g , co n tro l an d en fo rcem en t
m easu res.
Vo lu n tary b u t b in d in g ag reem en ts w ith in d u stry m ay avo id th e n eed fo r
n ew reg u latio n s if ag reem en t o n th e co n ten t an d leg al statu s o f th e co d es
o f g o o d p ractice can b e reach ed w ith th e relevan t stakeh o ld ers. Service
co n tracts sh o u ld req u ire th at refrig eratio n system s are serviced in
co m p lian ce w ith th e estab lish ed co d es o f g o o d p ractice. An n ex C g ives an
exam p le o f su ch a vo lu n tary ag reem en t.
E n su re th at th e reg u lar train in g ag en d a o f tech n ical train in g in stitu tio n s is
b ased o n th e estab lish ed co d es o f g o o d p ractice. N atio n al train in g
w o rksh o p s sh o u ld in co rp o rate co d es o f g o o d p ractice an d p ro vid e
certificates fo r p articip an ts su ch certificates co u ld b eco m e m an d ato ry fo r
service tech n ician s.
Ap p ly p ro p er p ro ject m an ag em en t tech n iq u es, in clu d in g reg u lar co n tro l an d
m o n ito rin g o f th e im p lem en tatio n p ro cess an d d o cu m en tatio n an d
rep o rtin g o f p ro g ress to th e N atio n al O zo n e U n it.
E stab lish a p ro ced u re to su rvey tech n o lo g y d evelo p m en ts an d ch an g in g
co n d itio n s in th e co u n try. N ew tech n o lo g ies w ill p ro b ab ly req u ire review s
an d u p d ates o f th e estab lish ed co d es o f g o o d p ractice, esp ecially w h en
servicin g p ractices o r safety req u irem en ts ch an g e.
21
Est abl i sh
t he Desi gn Team
Enf orce t he codes
Est ab l i sh
vo l u n t ar y agreement s
Incorporat e codes
of good pract i ce
i n regul ar t rai ni ng
Appl y proj ect
management
t echni ques
Revi ew and updat e
t he codes
of good pract i ce
22
Tasks f or t he Desi gn Team
Th e D esig n Team sh o u ld fo llo w th ese step s:
Plan th e d esig n p ro cess, d efin e th e n ecessary activities, an d estab lish a
d etailed tim e sch ed u le. Th is sh o u ld b e co o rd in ated w ith existin g sch ed u les fo r
th e im p lem en tatio n o f co d es o f g o o d p ractice, o th er su p p o rtin g activities an d
th e im p lem en tatio n o f th e w id er C o u n try Pro g ram m e.
C o llect an d an alyze in fo rm atio n fro m :
Th e C o u n try Pro g ram m e in clu d in g co u n try ch aracteristics, strateg ies, an d
th e d ifferen t C FC -co n su m in g su b -secto rs; an d
Th e Im p lem en tatio n Team o n th e p ro files o f targ et g ro u p s an d th e
in ven to ry o f existin g C FC system s in th e co u n try.
E xistin g co d es o f g o o d p ractice, stan d ard s an d sp ecificatio n s rep resen t a
valu ab le so u rce o f tech n ical in fo rm atio n . An n ex G co n tain s a list o f su ch
d o cu m en ts an d An n ex H a list o f stan d ard s.
M ake co n tact an d co o p erate w ith sim ilar b o d ies in o th er co u n tries an d th e
relevan t stakeh o ld ers to exch an g e in fo rm atio n an d exp erien ces an d to g ain
exp ertise o n n ew tech n ical d evelo p m en ts. Particip atio n in reg io n al an d
in tern atio n al co n feren ces an d w o rksh o p s, an d d irect co n tact w ith key
in stitu tio n s, is o ften u sefu l.
D raw u p th e co d es o f g o o d p ractice an d in vo lve stakeh o ld ers an d exp ert
review ers fo r co m m en ts an d ap p ro val. Th is is co n sid ered in m o re d etail in
th e n ext sectio n , an d a su g g ested tab le o f co n ten ts fo r th ese co d es is
p ro vid ed in An n ex D .
R ep o rt p ro g ress to th e Im p lem en tatio n Team .
Desi gni ng codes of good pract i ce
Th e D esig n Team sh o u ld fo llo w th ese th ree step s in d raw in g u p th e co d es
o f g o o d p ractice:
C o d es o f g o o d p ractice sh o u ld fo cu s o n th e d efin ed targ et g ro u p s an d
sp ecify clearly th eir sco p e an d lim it o f ap p licab ility.
In p rin cip le th ere sh o u ld b e sep arate co d es fo r th e d ifferen t refrig eratio n
su b -secto rs. H o w ever, tech n ician s in d evelo p in g co u n tries, p articu larly fro m
th e in fo rm al secto r, o ften service a w id e variety o f eq u ip m en t. Sin ce th e
p rin cip les o f g o o d servicin g p ractices are essen tially th e sam e fo r d ifferen t
su b -secto rs, th e D esig n Team sh o u ld avo id d u p licatio n b y co n cen tratin g
p rim arily o n th e co m m ercial/in d u strial su b -secto r, an d th en h ig h lig h tin g
sep arately an y sp ecific issu es co n cern ed w ith th e d o m estic an d m o b ile su b -
secto rs.
Pl an and est abl i sh
t i me schedul e
Col l ect
and anal yze dat a
Est abl i sh cont act s
Compi l e t he codes
of good pract i ce
Repor t on progress
Def i ne t hei r scope
23
C o d es o f g o o d p ractice sh o u ld avo id b u rd en in g p articu lar g ro u p s m o re
th an o th ers, e. g . service w o rksh o p s fro m th e in fo rm al secto r, sm all
w o rksh o p s o r en d -u sers o f refrig eratio n eq u ip m en t. C o d es n eed reg u lar
review in g an d u p d atin g an d sh o u ld m o tivate th e u ser to sen d co m m en ts
an d feed b ack.
C o d es o f g o o d p ractice sh o u ld b e n eith er to o b rief n o t to o exh au stive. Th ey
m u st b e p ractical an d easy to u n d erstan d an d sh o u ld th erefo re b e w ell
stru ctu red an d w ritten in th e lo cal lan g u ag e.
C h ecklists o r q u estio n n aires m ay b e ap p ro p riate fo r service tech n ician s to
b eco m e fam iliar w ith n ew servicin g p ractices an d to en co u rag e th e learn in g
p ro cess. Sp ecifically, ch ecklists fo r tro u b le-sh o o tin g o f C FC eq u ip m en t an d
reco rd in g fo rm s fo r p ro p er reco rd -keep in g an d d o cu m en tatio n w ill b e a
p ractical h elp fo r service tech n ician s. Illu stratio n s can b e u sed to h elp u sers
visu alize n ew p ro ced u res, servicin g p ractices, altern ative refrig eratio n an d
R &R eq u ip m en t.
E xistin g co d es o f g o o d p ractice, stan d ard s o r sp ecificatio n s related to th e
refrig eratio n secto r rep resen t a valu ab le so u rce o f in fo rm atio n fo r
d evelo p in g co u n tries. Th ey vary in sco p e an d p u rp o se an d u su ally o rig in ate
fro m d evelo p ed co u n tries su ch as Au stralia, C an ad a, So u th Africa, Sw ed en ,
U n ited States an d th e E u ro p ean U n io n . A list o f su ch d o cu m en ts is g iven in
th e b ib lio g rap h y in An n ex G , an d Tab le G in clu d es an o u tlin e o f th e co n ten ts
o f each d o cu m en t.
It is im p o rtan t to m o tivate tech n ician s an d to exp lain w h y p ro p er servicin g
p ractices sh o u ld b e ad o p ted , w h ile at th e sam e tim e g ivin g th em th e
n ecessary tech n ical in fo rm atio n an d su p p o rt. Sin ce service tech n ician s in
m an y d evelo p in g co u n tries m ay h ave p o o r access to recen t in fo rm atio n an d
train in g , co d es o f g o o d p ractice co u ld in clu d e also n o n -tech n ical sectio n s o n
certificatio n an d train in g , to exp lain th e reg u lato ry an d p o licy fram ew o rk
an d to p ro vid e u sefu l co n tact ad d resses an d h in ts.
Th e n ext ch ap ter p ro vid es d etails o n th e p o ssib le co n ten ts o f th e co d es o f
g o o d p ractice.
St r uct ure t hei r f ormat
Deci de t hei r cont ent s
24
E lem en ts o f C o d es o f G o o d Practice
25
4. Elements of Codes
of Good Practice
Th is ch ap ter co n tain s a co m p ilatio n o f g en eral servicin g p ractices to b e
fo llo w ed o r to b e elim in ated , d erived fro m selected tech n ical p u b licatio n s
see Tab le G ) . It is n o t exh au stive. Th e fo llo w in g sectio n s are in clu d ed :
1 - R ed esig n o f refrig eratio n system s
2 - In stallatio n o f eq u ip m en t
3 - System o p eratio n an d m ain ten an ce
4 - Preven tive in sp ectio n an d m ain ten an ce
5 - R eco rd -keep in g an d d o cu m en tatio n
6 - R eco very, recyclin g an d reclam atio n
7 - H an d lin g an d sto rag e o f refrig eran ts
8 - D isp o sal o f O D S refrig eran ts an d system s
9 - R etro fittin g an d altern atives
1 0 - Safety req u irem en ts
1 1 - Train in g an d certificatio n
1 2 - R eg u lato ry in ven to ry
1 3 - C o n tact ad d resses an d h in ts.
1 Redesi gn of ref ri gerat i on syst ems
Th e d esig n an d m an u factu re o f system s an d co m p o n en ts is b eyo n d th e
sco p e o f th is G u id eb o o k. N everth eless, larg er refrig eratio n system s w ith
su fficien t rem ain in g lifetim es m ay b e elig ib le fo r p reven tive red esig n an d
u p g rad in g in o rd er to red u ce u n n ecessary em issio n s an d rep air w o rk.
Pract i ces t o f ol l ow :
Im p ro ve clean lin ess th ro u g h ap p ro p riate filters an d d riers in
th e system .
R ed u ce vib ratio n s th ro u g h ad eq u ate fo u n d atio n s an d an ti-
vib ratio n m o u n tin g s.
Facilitate co n tain m en t an d reco very p ractices th ro u g h fu lly
p ro tected liq u id receivers w h ich h o ld th e en tire refrig eran t
ch arg e o f th e system an d can b e iso lated .
In co rp o rate a sep arate p u m p -d o w n co n d en sin g u n it an d
receiver in larg er system s.
26
2 - Inst al l at i on of equi pment
N ew in stallatio n s sh o u ld not u se C FC refrig eran ts. Wh ere p o ssib le,
refrig eran t w ith sm all o r zero o zo n e- d ep letin g p o ten tial O D P) sh o u ld b e
u sed , b earin g in m in d th e o verall en viro n m en tal im p act w ith reg ard to e. g
g lo b al w arm in g o r safety issu es.
If C FC refrig eratio n system s n eed to b e in stalled , th e fo llo w in g asp ects
sh o u ld b e co n sid ered in ad d itio n to g o o d servicin g p rin cip les fo r o p eratio n
an d m ain ten an ce. Ad d itio n al d esig n featu res are d escrib ed ab o ve in Sectio n
1 .
C o n sid er th e fittin g o f su itab le valves to co m p resso rs an d
m ajo r item s o f eq u ip m en t to allo w th e co n n ectio n o f a
p u m p -d o w n u n it fo r sm aller system s.
In stall iso latin g an d m an ifo ld valves to allo w iso latio n o f
vessels an d system co m p o n en ts.
M in im ize len g th s o f h o ses an d p ip es th at req u ire p u rg in g .
Perfo rm leak testin g o f ch arg in g lin es.
U se cap p ed service valves to retain an y leakag e fro m th e
sp in d le g lan d , o r valves w ith retain ed o r cap tive sp in d les.
M in im ize m ech an ical jo in ts in th e p ip in g system ; u se w eld ed
o r b razed co n n ectio n s in stead o f flared o r screw ed
co n n ectio n s w h erever p o ssib le.
In stall leak d etectio n system s.
In stall ch arg in g valve q u ick co n n ects.
E n su re th at p ressu re-lim itin g d evices are co rrectly set to 9 0 %
o f relief valve settin g s to avo id u n n ecessary o p en in g d u e to
o p eratio n al fau lts.
C h eck th e m ach in ery ro o m fo r ap p ro p riate size an d
ven tilatio n ; m ain tain a m in im u m d istan ce fro m th e w alls to
avo id o verh eatin g o f co m p resso rs an d co n d en sers.
E n su re clean lin ess o f p ip in g system s an d fittin g s p rio r to
fittin g in to p o sitio n an d d u rin g in stallatio n .
Preven t o xid atio n d u rin g b razin g o r so ld erin g b y flu sh in g
th ro u g h w ith d ry n itro g en .
B lo w th ro u g h th e p ip ew o rk w ith d ry n itro g en to rem o ve
w eld in g , b razin g o r cu ttin g d eb ris; u n d er n o circu m stan ces
sh o u ld o xyg en b e u sed .
3 - Syst em operat i on and mai nt enance

Th e fo llo w in g p rin cip les sh o u ld b e resp ected d u rin g th e o p eratio n an d
m ain ten an ce o f C FC system s:
27
C h eck th e accessib ility o f p ip in g w ith reg ard to in sp ectio n ,
m ain ten an ce an d rep air an d avo id refrig eran t-carryin g lin es
in th e g ro u n d , lakes o r w aterco u rses.
C h eck all refrig eran t lin es an d m ech an ical jo in ts fo r tig h tn ess
b efo re in tro d u cin g tracer g as.
Perfo rm leak testin g to en su re system tig h tn ess.
Lab el each system w ith clear d etails o f th e eq u ip m en t,
tech n ical d ata, an d th e typ e an d vo lu m e o f th e refrig eran t an d
lu b rican t.
C h eck th e p ressu re vessel d o cu m en ts an d p ressu re-testin g
certificates an d en su re th at co n tain ers h ave ap p ro p riate n am e
p lates.
C h eck th e n ecessary safety eq u ip m en t en su rin g th at it is in
w o rkin g o rd er e.g . safety valves, h ig h -p ressu re m o n ito rs,
em erg en cy sto p system , p ressu re reliefs an d d isch arg e lin es.
C h eck th e tig h tn ess o f th e system ag ain b efo re co m m issio n in g .
Rech eck th e co m m issio n ed system fo r tig h tn ess fo r tran sp o rt o r
sto rag e.
Prep are th e service lo g b o o k co n tain in g all relevan t d ata,
in clu d in g tem p lates to reco rd fo rth co m in g p lan t in sp ectio n ,
m ain ten an ce an d rep airs; th e lo g b o o k m u st b e accessib le fo r
C h eck th at in stru ctio n s fo r safe o p eratio n an d m ain ten an ce are
attach ed to th e service lo g b o o k an d are w ritten in th e lo cal
lan g u ag e.
Reco rd in stallatio n an d co m m issio n in g o f th e system in th e
service lo g b o o k, sp ecifyin g th e resu lts o f leak testin g an d
in stallatio n ch eckin g an d in d icatin g th e d ates an d n am es o f th e
Th in k o f C FC co n servatio n an d safety.
Sh u t d o w n system s an d m ake rep airs w h en leaks exist.
R eco ver C FC s fro m th e d isch arg e o f th e vacu u m p u m p b y
m ean s o f a co n d en ser an d a co n tain er, if evacu atio n is
n eed ed .
28
Fo llo w th e in stru ctio n s o f th e m an u factu rer fo r th e clean in g
an d flu sh in g o f a co n tam in ated system an d fo r th e
rep lacem en t o f filters, d riers, accu m u lato rs etc.
R aise th e o il tem p eratu re p rio r to service w o rk to red u ce th e
am o u n t o f refrig eran t d isso lved in th e o il.
E vacu ate an d p ressu re test a refrig eratio n system th o ro u g h ly
p rio r to co m m issio n in g w h en it h as b een o p en ed to th e
atm o sp h ere fo r servicin g ; u se th e trip le evacu atio n m eth o d
if n ecessary.
C alib rate th e co n tro ls w ith air, n itro g en , o r co n tro lled
calib ratio n sets.
Perfo rm leak testin g an d p u rg e th e co n n ectio n lin es p rio r to
rech arg in g a system .
C h eck th e am o u n t o f rem ain in g o il o r lu b rican t in o rd er to
ad d n o m o re th an th e n ecessary am o u n t.
Ad ju st th e refrig eran t ch arg e b y u sin g p ressu re-tem p eratu re
ch arts u n til p ro p er o p eratin g co n d itio n s are realized ; th e
sig h tg lass can n o t b e u sed to ad ju st th e ch arg e p ro p erly.
E n su re th at m ixtu res o f refrig eran ts are ch arg ed as a liq u id
an d n o t as a g as.
C o n d u ct p erfo rm an ce testin g after rech arg in g o r co m m isio n in g .
D efro st reg u larly to avo id excessive b u ilt-u p o f ice o n th e
evap o rato r an d to en su re efficien t h eat tran sfer.
Keep th e m ach in ery ro o m clean an d p est free.
E n su re th at d o o rs o f freezer co m p artm en ts lo ck th e
ap p lian ces airtig h t to avo id th e en tran ce o f h u m id an d w arm
air.
Pract i ces t o el i mi nat e:

D o n o t release th e co n ten ts o f ch arg in g lin es in to th e
atm o sp h ere.
D o n o t u se C FC s to clean to o ls, co ils, m ach in ery o r as
clean in g so lven ts fo r co m p resso r clean in g if th ere are
altern ative so lven ts availab le; o th erw ise, R &R m u st b e
en su red .
D o n o t attem p t to service a system b efo re id en tifyin g th e
typ e o f refrig eran t an d th e o il u sed in th e system .
D o n o t ad d lu b ricatin g o il to a system w ith o u t estab lish in g
th e typ e in u se an d th e acid ity level w ith in th e system .
N
N
O
O
29
In ad d itio n to th e g en eral g o o d servicin g p rin cip les fo r C FC eq u ip m en t,
th ere are p articu lar servicin g p rin cip les fo r n o n -C FC eq u ip m en t to b e
ad d ressed , esp ecially co n cern in g retro fitted system s an d h yd ro carb o n
system s, w h ere to xicity, flam m ab ility, etc. req u ire ad d itio n al safety m easu res.
Th is in fo rm atio n is b eyo n d th e sco p e o f th is rep o rt an d sh o u ld b e ad d ressed
b y eq u ip m en t m an u factu rers an d refrig eran t su p p liers.
4 - Prevent i ve i nspect i on and mai nt enance
Th e reg u lar p reven tive in sp ectio n an d m ain ten an ce o f larg er refrig eratio n
system s h elp s to en su re th eir reliab ility an d co n tin u ed efficien cy. Q u alified
tech n ician s sh o u ld b e em p lo yed , p referab ly in th e fram ew o rk o f a lo n g -term
m ain ten an ce ag reem en t. Fu rth er o p tio n s to red u ce failu re rates an d
leakag es are d escrib ed in sectio n 1 , o n red esig n .
Preven tive in sp ectio n b y service tech n ician s w ill b e co st-effective fo r
vu ln erab le ap p licatio n s su ch as refrig erated tran sp o rt o r larg er co m m ercial
an d in d u strial ap p licatio n s, w h ere even sh o rt b u t u n exp ected sh u t-d o w n
tim es m ay cau se m ajo r fin an cial d am ag e.
D o n o t to p u p a system sh o rt o f C FC s b efo re exam in atio n fo r
o il traces an d leakag es.
D o n o t ch arg e refrig eran t th ro u g h th e su ctio n lin e o f th e
co m p resso r if yo u can n o t en su re th at th e refrig eran t is
ch arg ed as a g as an d n o t as a liq u id , as th e liq u id en try can
d am ag e th e co m p resso r.
D o n o t rech arg e an y refrig eratio n system if th ere are d o u b ts
ab o u t th e p ressu re in teg rity.
D o n o t o p en th e refrig eran t sid e o f a system u n less
ab so lu tely n ecessary p rio r to o p en in g , iso late th e
co m p o n en t to b e serviced an d reco ver th e C FC s.
D o n o t u se C FC s as a tracer g as fo r leak testin g .
D o n o t o p erate a system kn o w n to h ave leaks w ith o u t
estab lish in g an d rectifyin g th e so u rce o f leakag e.
D o n o t co o l b earin g s an d p arts fo r fittin g w ith d irectly
evap o ratin g refrig eran ts, u n less fu ll reco very is en su red .
D o n o t u se sh arp o r m etallic item s to rem o ve ice fro m th e
evap o rato r o r th e freezer co m p artm en t.
D o n o t u se th e co n d en ser fo r d ryin g p u rp o ses, b ecau se th is
h in d ers th e h eat tran sfer.
D o n o t restart a co m p resso r im m ed iately after a p o w er
b reakd o w n .
N
N
O
O
5 - Record-keepi ng and Document at i on
Th e d etailed an d reg u lar d o cu m en tatio n o f o p eratio n al p aram eters an d
p erfo rm an ce d ata, ab n o rm al o p eratin g co n d itio n s, rep air w o rk p erfo rm ed
30
Fo r sm all system s, reg u lar exam in atio n o f th e o b vio u s elem en ts b y th e u ser
can b e very effective in p reven tin g fu tu re p ro b lem s. E arly atten tio n to m in o r
m atters can b e b en eficial an d co st-effective in th e lo n g term .
D raw u p a p reven tive m ain ten an ce sch em e an d leak-testin g
ro u tin e to en su re lo g ical an d seq u en tial exam in atio n an d
servicin g o f th e system ; th e exam in atio n freq u en cy sh o u ld
avo id u n exp ected in terru p tio n s to n o rm al o p eratio n .
Fo llo w th e m an u factu rer s in stru ctio n s fo r p reven tive
m ain ten an ce, an d u se its in fo rm atio n h o tlin e, wh ere availab le.
In sp ect th e system fo r leakag es an d d am ag es refrig eran t an d
o il ch arg e, o p eratin g p aram eters, m ech an ical d am ag e o r sig n s
o f ag ein g , o il traces .
In sp ect th e system fo r sig n s o f ab n o rm al vib ratio n ru b b er
b etw een th e p ip ew o rk an d its su p p o rt) .
M o n ito r o p eratin g co n d itio n s an d p erfo rm an ce o n a reg u lar
b asis.
Ru n au xiliary o il p u m p s w eekly to en su re th e lu b ricatio n o f
m ech an ical seal faces, b earin g s an d g lan d s d u rin g p erio d s o f
system sh u td o w n ; if th is p ractice h as n o t b een fo llo w ed ,
in sp ect an d lu b ricate th e item s b efo re startin g th e system .
R ep lace an d tig h ten th e seal cap s o n all valves, in clu d in g
aro u n d filters an d d riers, in acco rd an ce w ith th e
m an u factu rer s in stru ctio n s after servicin g .
Fo llo w estab lish ed leak-testin g p ro ced u res su ch as a stan d ard
vacu u m test; u se ap p ro ved leak-testin g to o ls an d eq u ip m en t.
U se n o n -O D S g as as a tracer g as w h en leak testin g , e.g . d ry
n itro g en so ap b u b b le m eth o d ) , w h ere p o ssib le; avo id th e u se
o f m ixtu res o f d ry n itro g en an d R2 2 h alid e leak d etecto rs if
R&R can n o t b e en su red .
In stall p erm an en t leak d etectio n system s w ith sen so rs lo cated
at vu ln erab le lo catio n s w h ere p o ssib le.
O b tain p ro fessio n al ad vice, e.g . fro m a service tech n ician ,
w h en an y ab n o rm al co n d itio n is o b served .
Reco rd th e resu lts o f p reven tive in sp ectio n s to alert th e o wn ers
an d o p erato rs to th e actio n s taken an d fu tu re req u irem en ts, su ch
as p lan n in g sh u t d o wn s fo r m ajo r services.

31
an d services carried o u t allo w s service tech n ician s to assess th e system
h isto ry. It can assist in th e d iag n o sis o f ab n o rm al co n d itio n s an d also in
p ro vid in g reco m m en d atio n s as to th e p referred so lu tio n . Th is co u ld id en tify
th e n eed to p lan fo r a m ajo r actio n o r sim p ly effect a m in o r ch an g e o r rep air.
Th e typ e o f in fo rm atio n to b e d o cu m en ted d ep en d s o n th e typ e, size an d
ap p licatio n o f th e refrig eratio n system . Fo r d o m estic refrig erato rs,
o p eratio n al p aram eters an d p erfo rm an ce in d icato rs m ay n o t b e availab le,
b u t b asic d ata co n cern in g th e eq u ip m en t an d th e eq u ip m en t su p p lier, typ e
an d ch arg e o f refrig eran t, rep air an d servicin g o p eratio n s sh o u ld b e
in clu d ed .
Th e p lan t m an u al sh o u ld co n tain th e fo llo w in g d ata, d o cu m en ted in reco rd
Lo cate an d m ain tain a service b o o k in a p lace accessib le fo r
service tech n ician s an d in clo se p ro xim ity to th e refrig eratio n
system .
Lo cate an d m ain tain a p lan t m an u al in a p lace accessib le fo r
service tech n ician s an d in clo se p ro xim ity to th e refrig eratio n
system .
R eco rd th e lo ss, reco very an d co n su m p tio n o f refrig eran t fo r
each typ e o f refrig eran t at co m p an y level if yo u r co m p an y
o p erates n u m ero u s refrig eratio n system s see An n ex A. 6 ) .
R eco rd th e lo ss, reco very an d co n su m p tio n o f refrig eran t fo r
each typ e o f refrig eran t an d each cu sto m er, as w ell as
p u rch ase an d recyclin g , if yo u r co m p an y is a service o r
d isp o sal co m p an y see An n ex A. 7 ) .
C ertify th e p u rch ase o f R&R eq u ip m en t to th e relevan t
g o vern m en t in stitu tio n s if req u ired b y law see An n ex A.8 ) .
Ad vise th e o w n er o f a co m p an y to m ain tain a refrig eran t u se
b o o k fo r all refrig eratio n system s sp ecifyin g th e o verall
co n su m p tio n o f refrig eran ts.
Keep a co p y o f all reco rd s in a safe p lace an d sto re th em fo r an
ap p ro p riate tim e p erio d , w h ich m ay b e d efin ed b y law.
fo rm s as co n tain ed in An n ex A:
G Tech n ical an d d esig n d ata An n ex A. 1 )
G U ser-sp ecific d ata An n ex A. 2 )
G M an u factu rer s in stru ctio n s fo r safe service an d m ain ten an ce.
Th e service b o o k sh o u ld co n tain th e fo llo w in g d ata d o cu m en ted in reco rd
fo rm s as p resen ted in An n ex A:
G Service d ata An n ex A. 3 )
32
G R etro fittin g d ata An n ex A. 4 )
G R efrig eran t u se d ata An n ex A. 5 ) .
6 - Recover y, recycl i ng and recl amat i on
Th e co n tain m en t o f refrig eran t d u rin g servicin g an d rep air o p eratio n s, w ith
su b seq u en t reu se, recyclin g o r reclaim , is an effective p ractice in red u cin g
em issio n s to a m in im u m .
R eco ver all refrig eran t d u rin g service an d m ain ten an ce as
w ell as d eco m m issio n in g fo r reu se, recyclin g , reclaim o r fin al
d isp o sal an d d estru ctio n ; th e d ecisio n m atrix in An n ex E
m ig h t b e h elp fu l fo r d ecisio n -m akin g .
U se certified R & R eq u ip m en t w h ich m eets relevan t
sp ecificatio n s.
O p erate an d m ain tain R &R eq u ip m en t in acco rd an ce w ith
th e m an u factu rer s in stru ctio n s an d o n ly w h en yo u are
train ed o n h o w to u se it, o r if alread y certified .
U se refrig eran t co n tain ers o r reco very b ag s as tem p o rary
receivers fo r very sm all system s w h ere p erm an en t liq u id
receivers are n o t in stalled .
U se p u rg e co m p resso rs o r p o rtab le evacu atio n d evices to
reco ver refrig eran t liq u id an d vap o r fro m refrig eran t d ru m s
an d cylin d ers.
In vestig ate th e eco n o m ics o f th e reco very o f m ixtu res o f
refrig eran t an d in ert p ressu rizin g g ases w h ich w ere u sed fo r
p ressu re an d leak testin g .
Fo llo w in d u stry-reco m m en d ed p ro ced u res an d u se ap p ro ved
eq u ip m en t fo r h an d lin g an d sto rin g refrig eran ts.
U se clo sed -lo o p refrig eran t tran sfer eq u ip m en t w h en
rem o vin g , ch arg in g , an d sto rin g refrig eran ts.
7 - Handl i ng and st orage of ref ri gerant s
R efrig eran t cylin d ers n eed to b e h an d led carefu lly. Th ese cylin d ers are
p ressu re vessels an d are su b ject to m an d ato ry safety co n d itio n s an d
in sp ectio n s.
33
Tran sfer refrig eran t to an o th er co n tain er b y u sin g a p u m p o r
b y estab lish in g a p ressu re d ifferen ce b etw een th e
co n tain ers. Th is m ay b e ach ieved b y h eatin g th e d isch arg in g
co n tain er u n d er co n tro lled co n d itio n s, e. g . w ith h o t w ater,
w h ere th e co n tro l system is d esig n ed to b e fail p ro o f.
H o w ever, red u cin g th e cylin d er p ressu re u sin g a recycle u n it
is th e p referred m eth o d .
U se b o th w eig h in g an d liq u id level g au g es to avo id
o verfillin g o f refrig eran t cylin d ers; b e aw are o f th e w eig h t o f
refrig eran t b ein g tran sferred .
B e aw are th at fillin g o f refrig eran t cylin d ers w ith m ixtu res o f
refrig eran t an d o il risks exceed in g th eir safe cap acity,
b ecau se th e d en sity o f th e m ixtu re is lo w er th an th at o f th e
refrig eran t alo n e.
C o o l refrig eran t cylin d ers to th e am b ien t tem p eratu re p rio r
to u se.
Sto re refrig eran t in a m an n er co n d u cive to refrig eran t
co n servatio n d u rin g p erio d s o f system sh u td o w n .
R eq u est p erm issio n to u se th ird -p arty co n tain ers as
tem p o rary receivers, b ecau se co n tam in ated refrig eran t m ay
cau se co rro sio n .
Sto re refrig eran t cylin d ers vertically an d secu re in a
ven tilated area aw ay fro m fire risk an d d irect h eatin g .
In sp ect sto red cylin d ers co n tain in g refrig eran t fo r leakin g
g lan d s an d effective g askets o n th e cap .
Arran g e fo r th e in sp ectio n o f refrig eran t co n tain ers fo r
co rro sio n after u se fo r reco vered refrig eran t; th ird -p arty
co n tain ers sh o u ld b e in sp ected b y th e o w n ers.
O b serve lo cal reg u latio n s o n h an d lin g , tran sp o rt an d
sto rag e o f virg in , reco vered , co n tam in ated o r recycled
refrig eran ts.

D o n o t ven t refrig eran t in to th e atm o sp h ere kn o w in g ly.
D o n o t d isp o se o f an y refrig eran t b y u sin g m eth o d s o th er
th an R&R, reclaim , reu se, ad eq u ate sto rag e o r d estru ctio n .
D o n o t exceed th e d esig n ed m axim u m w o rkin g p ressu re o r
th e d esig n ed cap acity sh o w n o n th e refrig eran t cylin d er.
D o n o t m ix refrig eran ts; in m an y cases reclaim b y sp ecialists w ill
n o t b e p o ssib le an d d estru ctio n is th e o n ly altern ative.
D o n o t co n n ect refrig eran t co n tain ers to system s o r o th er
co n tain ers at a h ig h er p ressu re, tem p eratu re o r h eig h t, b ecau se
b ack flo w o f th e refrig eran t m ay resu lt in o verfilled o r liq u id -fu ll
co n tain ers w ith a su b seq u en t d an g er o f b u rstin g .
N
N
O
O
34
8 - Di sposal of ref ri gerant s and syst ems
D estru ctio n facilities fo r h azard o u s w astes are cu rren tly lim ited to N o rth
Am erica, Western E u ro p e an d J ap an . It is assu m ed th at n ew facilities w ill
ap p ear in o th er p arts o f th e w o rld as so o n as th ere are su fficien t eco n o m ic
in cen tives an d reg u lato ry d em an d . Th e fo llo w in g destruction technologies
in th e th erm al o xid atio n categ o ry) co u ld b e co n sid ered :
G Liq u id in jectio n in cin erato rs
G R eacto r crackin g
G G aseo u s/fu m e o xid atio n
G R o tary kiln in cin erato rs
G C em en t kiln s.
U n til ap p ro p riate d estru ctio n cap acity is availab le in th e d evelo p in g co u n try
in q u estio n o r in th e reg io n , g o vern m en ts, in co o p eratio n w ith refrig eran t
m an u factu rers an d su p p liers, refrig eratio n asso ciatio n s an d h azard o u s w aste
m an ag ers, h ave to d efin e an in term ed iate containment strategy, su ch as
lo n g -term sto rag e u n til fin al d estru ctio n o r sh ip p in g to estab lish ed p lan ts.
D o n o t h eat refrig eran t cylin d ers b y flam es, rad ian t h eaters o r
d irect-co n tact h eaters in o rd er to d rive refrig eran t in to
an o th er vessel.
D o n o t co o l d o w n receivin g refrig eran t cylin d ers b y ven tin g o f
refrig eran t in to th e atm o sp h ere in o rd er to tran sfer th e
refrig eran t.
D o n o t ven t in to th e atm o sp h ere th e h eel in em p ty
refrig eran t cylin d ers, tan ks, d ru m s etc.
D o n o t d ro p cylin d ers, b ecau se th is m ay lead to valve o r
valve th read d am ag e; w arn in g s sh o u ld b e clearly sh o w n in
sto rag e areas.
N
N
O
O
Ad vise o w n ers o f refrig eratio n system s w ith m ajo r leaks,
p ip e fractu res, co m p resso r b reakd o w n o r m o to r b u rn o u t
w h eth er rep air o f th e system is eco n o m ically feasib le.
Rem o ve an d reco ver all refrig eran t an d o il fro m system s w h ich
are to b e d eco m m issio n ed , scrap p ed o r d ism an tled .
D isp o se o f co n tam in ated o r m ixed en d -o f-life refrig eran ts in
an ap p ro p riate m an n er, if recyclin g o r reclaim is n o t
tech n ically o r eco n o m ically feasib le.

35
9 - Ret rof i t t i ng and al t ernat i ves
R etro fittin g to altern ative refrig eran ts sh o u ld b e co n sid ered w h en th e
rep lacem en t o f th e existin g system is eco n o m ically u n accep tab le w h eth er
d u e to a lo n g rem ain in g lifetim e, h ig h in vestm en t co sts, o r th e scarcity an d
co st o f C FC s.
R etro fittin g to refrig eran ts w ith a lo w o zo n e-d ep letin g p o ten tial su ch as
H C FC s p ro vid es an accep tab le altern ative, w h ere n o n -o zo n e-d ep letin g
altern atives are n o t yet availab le.
O b serve lo cal reg u latio n s co n cern in g th e co llectio n ,
tran sp o rt, sto rag e an d d estru ctio n o f h azard o u s w aste;
co n tact refrig eran t su p p liers, refrig eratio n asso ciatio n s o r
ap p ro p riate g o vern m en t in stitu tio n s.
C o n sid er th e exp ected en erg y efficien cy, p erfo rm an ce an d
o p eratin g co sts o f th e retro fitted system in ad d itio n to th e
d irect retro fit co sts.
C o n sid er th e p ro p erties o f th e altern ative refrig eran t su ch as
flam m ab ility, to xicity an d its g lo b al w arm in g p o ten tial; so m e
o f th ese p ro p erties m ay req u ire ad d itio n al safety m easu res.
C o n sid er retro fittin g w h en m ajo r d am ag e o f th e existin g
system req u ires exp en sive rep air w o rk.
C o n su lt th e system m an u factu rer fo r th e ap p ro p riate
altern ative refrig eran t/lu b rican t system an d th e n ecessary
rep lacem en t o f system co m p o n en ts, su ch as co m p resso r,
filters, d riers etc. , b efo re retro fittin g .
C o n su lt th e system m an u factu rer fo r th e ap p ro p riate
retro fittin g p ro ced u re w h ich is, in g en eral, eq u ip m en t-sp ecific.
In vestig ate th e o p eratin g p aram eters an d p erfo rm an ce d ata
o f th e existin g system b efo re retro fittin g .
In vestig ate th e o p eratin g p aram eters an d p erfo rm an ce d ata
o f th e system an d co n tro l settin g s after co m p letio n o f th e
retro fit.
R elab el th e retro fitted system an d co m p o n en ts to reflect th e
refrig eran t an d lu b rican t ch an g e an d to in d icate fu tu re
service n eed s.
R eco rd th e retro fittin g p ro ced u re in th e service lo g b o o k.
36
10 - Saf et y requi rement s
Lo w - an d h ig h -p ressu re refrig eran ts n eed to b e h an d led as co m p ressed
g ases, an d refrig eran t co n tain ers are p ressu re vessels, w h ich req u ire
p articu lar safety co n sid eratio n s. Safety-related issu es are also d escrib ed in
Sectio n 7 , o n h an d lin g an d sto rag e o f refrig eran ts.
Pract i ce t o el i mi nat e:
D o n o t su b stitu te refrig eran ts w ith d ro p -in altern atives
w ith o u t co n su ltin g th e system m an u factu rer.
N
N
O
O
U se p ressu re-relief valves to p ro tect eq u ip m en t ag ain st
exceed in g th e m axim u m w o rkin g p ressu re.
U se d u al-relief valves w ith ch an g e-o ver d evices to facilitate
th e rep air o r rep lacem en t o f p ressu re-relief valves w ith o u t
im p airin g p lan t p ro tectio n .
E n su re th at th e m axim u m w o rkin g p ressu re w ill in n o
circu m stan ces b e exceed ed w h en co m b in in g a b u rstin g d isc
an d a p ressu re-relief valve to p reven t lo ss o f refrig eran t; th e
d esig n m u st p reven t an y restrictio n to th e in let o f th e relief
valve in th e even t o f a b u rstin g d isc ru p tu re.
Avo id th e trap p in g o f liq u id refrig eran t b etw een tw o p o in ts
o f a system w h en n o t p ro tected b y a p ressu re relief, su ch as
a b yp ass ch eck valve to a lo w er vap o r p ressu re sid e o f th e
system .
In stall alarm system s to w arn o f excessive m ach in e p ressu re
d u rin g sh u td o w n .
Im p lem en t an effective w ater treatm en t co n tro l.
U se sp ecific co lo rs fo r co n tain ers fo r d ifferen t refrig eran t
typ es see d o cu m en t 1 4 in An n ex G ) .
C o m p ly w ith m an d ato ry safety p recau tio n s fo r system s
retro fitted w ith altern ative refrig eran ts, su ch as
h yd ro carb o n s o r am m o n ia, w h ich m ig h t b e flam m ab le o r
to xic th ese are b eyo n d th e sco p e o f th is G u id eb o o k) .
Pro p erly lab el all cylin d ers u sin g co u n try-ap p ro ved h azard
lab els w h ere ap p licab le.
U se p ro p er p ro tective cap s o ver refrig eran t valves to p reven t
d am ag e to th e valve o n to p o f th e cylin d er.
11 - Trai ni ng and cer t i f i cat i on

Th e certificatio n o f service w o rksh o p s, o f R &R eq u ip m en t an d o f service
tech n ician s m ay b e b ased o n a vo lu n tary o r a leg ally-b in d in g ap p ro ach .
O n ly certified w o rksh o p s o r tech n ician s m ay b e allo w ed to p u rch ase
refrig eran ts. A su g g ested ag en d a fo r a train in g p ro g ram m e fo r refrig eratio n
m ech an ics is co n tain ed in An n ex F. M o re d etailed in fo rm atio n fo r th e d esig n ,
im p lem en tatio n an d fo llo w -u p o f train in g co u rses can b e fo u n d in th e
O zo n Actio n Training Module on National Training Courses on Good
Practices Refrigeration Sector [5 6 ].
N atio n al co d es o f g o o d p ractice sh o u ld th erefo re co n tain in fo rm atio n ab o u t
th e req u irem en ts, co n tact ad d resses, train in g in stitu tes an d train in g even ts,
certificatio n p ro ced u res an d availab le g ran ts. Su ch certificatio n p ro ced u res
req u ire th e estab lish m en t o f an ap p ro ved certifyin g o rg an izatio n , d etailed
criteria fo r th e certificatio n o f w o rksh o p s an d eq u ip m en t an d an ap p ro ved
test fo r th e certificatio n o f tech n ician s.
37
D o n o t exceed th e m an u factu rer s reco m m en d ed p ressu re
o r system stren g th test p ressu re w h en leak testin g .
D o n o t o verfill refrig eran t co n tain ers, tan ks, d ru m s, reco very
u n its, receivers, etc.
D o n o t refill d isp o sab le cylin d ers.
D o n o t u se an o p en flam e o n an y refrig eratio n system th at
h as n o t b een p ro p erly evacu ated fo r servicin g .
D o n o t service refrig eratio n system s u n less w earin g
p ro tective clo th in g , in clu d in g g o g g les an d g lo ves.
D o n o t attem p t to service eq u ip m en t u n less fu lly train ed in
th e safe h an d lin g o f refrig eran ts.
D o n o t w o rk w ith refrig eran ts in a co n fin ed sp ace lackin g
ven tilatio n .
D o n o t b lo w o ff a p ip in g system w ith air o r o xyg en to
rem o ve w eld in g , b razin g o r cu ttin g d eb ris, b ecau se th is m ay
cau se co n tam in atio n an d th e risk o f exp lo sio n ; o n ly d ry
n itro g en sh o u ld b e u sed fo r th is task.
D o n o t p ressu rize refrig eratio n o r p ip in g system s w ith air o r
o xyg en .
N
N
O
O
12 - Regul at or y i nvent or y
C o d es o f g o o d servicin g p ractice sh o u ld exp lain th e relevan t reg u lato ry
fram ew o rk in th e co u n try an d th e resu ltin g o b lig atio n s fo r service
tech n ician s an d system o w n ers an d o p erato rs.
R eg u latio n s, eco n o m ic in cen tives an d vo lu n tary ag reem en ts m ay restrict th e
im p o rt o r lo cal m an u factu rin g o f C FC an d C FC system s th ro u g h b an s, q u o tas
o r taxes, an d /o r p ro m o te th e u se o f altern ative tech n o lo g ies an d th e
p u rch ase o f R &R eq u ip m en t th ro u g h su b sid ies o r tax exem p tio n .
38
B e aw are o f certificatio n req u irem en ts fo r service tech n ician s
an d en co u rag e p articip atio n in su ch certificatio n sch em es
an d train in g .
B e aw are o f certificatio n req u irem en ts fo r R &R eq u ip m en t
an d p u rch ase an d u se o n ly certified eq u ip m en t.
In fo rm cu sto m ers ab o u t certificatio n req u irem en ts an d th e
ad van tag es o f co n tractin g w ith certified service tech n ician s.
B e in fo rm ed ab o u t reg u lato ry req u irem en ts to b e resp ected
d u rin g th e in stallatio n , servicin g , o p eratio n an d
d eco m m issio n in g o f refrig eratio n system s.
B e in fo rm ed ab o u t reg u lato ry req u irem en ts co n cern in g th e
tran sp o rt, sto rag e, im p o rt an d exp o rt, R &R, d isp o sal an d
d estru ctio n o f refrig eran ts.
B e in fo rm ed ab o u t reg u lato ry req u irem en ts co n cern in g
reco rd -keep in g an d d o cu m en tatio n .
B e in fo rm ed ab o u t certificatio n p ro ced u res fo r refrig eratio n
an d R &R eq u ip m en t as w ell as service w o rksh o p s an d
tech n ician s; train in g o r certificatio n o f service tech n ician s
an d o th er p erso n s h an d lin g refrig eran ts m ay b eco m e
co m p u lso ry fo r th e p u rch ase o f refrig eran ts.
B e in fo rm ed ab o u t eco n o m ic in cen tives o r p en alties w h ich
m ay in flu en ce th e viab ility o f tech n o lo g ical o p tio n s.
B e in fo rm ed ab o u t th e leg al statu s o f n atio n al o r
in tern atio n al stan d ard s o r sp ecificatio n s fo r refrig eratio n an d
R &R eq u ip m en t an d co d es o f g o o d servicin g p ractice; su ch
co d es m ay b e im p lem en ted o n a vo lu n tary o r a leg ally-
b in d in g b asis.
13 - Cont act addresses and hi nt s

Ad d itio n al in fo rm atio n co n sid ered u sefu l fo r service tech n ician s m ay b e
in clu d ed in th is sectio n o f n atio n al co d es o f g o o d servicin g p ractice. Sp ecific
su p p o rt an d en co u rag em en t sh o u ld b e g iven to tech n ician s fro m th e
in fo rm al servicin g secto r.
39
B e in fo rm ed ab o u t en fo rcem en t m easu res su ch as p en alties,
fin es o r w ith d raw al o f o p eratin g o r servicin g p erm issio n s in
cases o f n o n -co m p lian ce.
In fo rm cu sto m ers ab o u t reg u lato ry o b lig atio n s an d th e
asso ciated risks o f n o n -co m p lian ce.
B e in fo rm ed ab o u t relevan t co n tact ad d resses o f
g o vern m en t in stitu tio n s, m an u factu rers an d su p p liers o f
refrig eran ts an d refrig eratio n eq u ip m en t, ap p ro ved
certificatio n o rg an izatio n s, w o rksh o p s w ith recyclin g
cap acities an d reclaim cen ters an d train in g in stitu tes.
B e in fo rm ed ab o u t fu rth er in fo rm atio n so u rces su ch as
related d o cu m en ts, co m p an ies alread y h avin g p erfo rm ed
retro fittin g o r co n verted m an u factu rin g p lan ts, research an d
d evelo p m en t activities o r sp ecialized e xp erts an d
co n su ltan ts.
B e in fo rm ed ab o u t th e availab ility o f g ran ts o r free-o f-ch arg e
train in g o p p o rtu n ities an d h o w to o b tain access to recyclin g
eq u ip m en t o r facilities; h o tlin e an d em erg en cy n u m b ers m ay
h elp to resp o n d to sp ecific in fo rm atio n n eed s.
40
5 - Further Information
Th is G u id eb o o k is p art o f a series o f d o cu m en ts p ro d u ced b y U N E P IE w ith in
th e O zo n Actio n Pro g ram m e u n d er th e M u ltilateral Fu n d . Fo r fu rth er
in fo rm atio n , p lease co n tact:
OzonAct i on Programme of UNEP IE:
Tel: 3 3 -1 ) 4 4 3 7 1 4 5 0
Fax: 3 3 -1 ) 4 4 3 7 1 4 7 4
E m ail: o zo n actio n @ u n ep . fr
WWW: h ttp : //w w w. u n ep ie. o rg /o zo n actio n . h tm l
Rel at ed document s and ref erences
A n u m b er o f d o cu m en ts sp ecific to d evelo p in g co u n tries h ave b een
d evelo p ed b y U N E P IE ; th ese are in clu d ed in th e b ib lio g rap h y in An n ex G .
Th e fo llo w in g p u b licatio n s are clo sely related to th is d o cu m en t an d read ers
m ay w ish to co n su lt th em fo r fu rth er d etails. Th e n u m b er in b rackets refers
to th e n u m b erin g in th e b ib lio g rap h y An n ex G ) . )
G E lem en ts fo r E stab lish in g Po licies, Strateg ies an d In stitu tio n al
Fram ew o rk fo r O zo n e Layer Pro tectio n [3 6 ]
Th is p u b licatio n p ro vid es g en eral g u id an ce to g o vern m en t o fficials in
d evelo p in g co u n tries ab o u t h o w to d evelo p an d im p lem en t an O D S
p h aseo u t strateg y. It b eg in s w ith fin d in g o u t ab o u t an d b eco m in g a p arty
to th e M o n treal Pro to co l, an d co vers takin g th e in stitu tio n al, leg islative,
fiscal an d o th er m easu res n ecessary to ach ieve p h aseo u t in d ifferen t in d u stry
secto rs.
G R ed u cin g C FC U se in R efrig eratio n : Strateg ic O p tio n s fo r C o u n tries
w ith Lo w C FC C o n su m p tio n [5 8 ]
Th is d o cu m en t w as p rep ared b y th e U S E n viro n m en tal Pro tectio n Ag en cy U S
E PA) in co o p eratio n w ith U N ID O . It ad d resses th e sp ecific co n d itio n s in lo w
vo lu m e O D S-co n su m in g LVC ) co u n tries an d is in ten d ed to h elp o zo n e
o fficials in LVC co u n tries co llect d ata an d d evelo p an d im p lem en t
ap p ro p riate, co st-effective O D S p h aseo u t strateg ies. It fo cu ses o n p rio rity
su b -secto rs in refrig eratio n , w h ich acco u n t fo r n early 7 0 % o f th e to tal
calcu lated O D S co n su m p tio n in th ese co u n tries.
Fu rth er In fo rm atio n
41
Ot her publ i cat i ons rel at ed t o t hi s document are:
G Train in g M an u al o n C h illers an d R efrig eran t M an ag em en t [4 4 ]
G Train in g M an u al o n G o o d Practices in R efrig eratio n [4 3 ]
G Practical G u id elin es fo r In d u stry fo r M an ag in g th e Ph aseo u t o f O zo n e-
D ep letin g Su b stan ces [4 2 ]
G G u id elin es fo r E stab lish m en t o f R eco very an d R ecyclin g System s
R efrig eratio n Secto r [5 4 ]
G R eso u rce M o d u le fo r O D S Im p o rt/E xp o rt Licen sin g System s [5 5 ]
G Train in g M o d u le fo r N atio n al Train in g C o u rses o n G o o d Practices
R efrig eratio n Secto r [5 6 ]
G G u id elin es fo r th e Prep aratio n o f R efrig eran t M an ag em en t Plan [5 7 ].
42
43
Annexes
Annex A R eco rd in g fo rm s an d lab els
A. 1 E q u ip m en t lab el
A. 2 U ser sp ecific d ata
A. 3 Service reco rd
A. 4 R etro fittin g reco rd
A. 5 R efrig eran t u se reco rd
A. 6 R efrig eran t in ven to ry fo rm o w n ers / o p erato rs
A. 7 R efrig eran t in ven to ry fo rm service co m p an ies
A. 8 R efrig eratio n R &R d evice acq u isitio n
fo rm service / d isp o sal co m p an ies
Annex B C o m p an y p o licy statem en t fo r ven tin g
o f refrig eran ts
Annex C Vo lu n tary in d u stry ag reem en t
Annex D Tab le o f co n ten ts fo r co d es o f g o o d p ractice
Annex E D ecisio n m atrix fo r reu se, recyclin g an d reclaim
Annex F Train in g p ro g ram m e fo r refrig eratio n m ech an ics
Annex G B ib lio g rap h y
Annex H List o f stan d ard s
Annex I G lo ssary
Annex J C o n tact ad d resses
Annex K U N E P O zo n Actio n Pro g ram m e
An n exes
43
44
EQUIPMENT / SYSTEM
M an u factu rer:
Typ e:
M o d el n u m b er:
Serial n u m b er:
Year:
TECHNICAL DESIGN DATA
M ax. allo w ab le p ressu re:
Test p ressu re:
M ax. allo w ab le tem p eratu re:
M in . allo w ab le tem p eratu re:
ADDITIONAL DATA FOR RELIEF VALVES
Pressu re settin g s:
C ap acity:
D ate o f in stallatio n :
D ate o f n ext exam in atio n :
REFRIGERANT
Typ e:
Q u an tity:
M an u factu rer:
OIL / LUBRICANT
Typ e:
Q u an tity:
Visco sity:
SAFETY RELATED DATA
R esp o n sib le p lan t m an ag er:
Ph o n e o f p lan t m an ag er:
Lo catio n o f lo g -b o o k:
Warn in g n o tices:
SERVICE CONTRACTOR
C o m p an y n am e:
E m erg en cy n u m b er:
Equi pment l abel
Annex A.1: Equi pment l abel
Lab els id en tifyin g refrig eratio n system s sh o u ld b e p ro vid ed b y th e system m an u factu rer an d visib ly p laced fo r
service tech n ician s. Th e eq u ip m en t lab el sh o u ld in d icate th e lo catio n o f th e service lo g -b o o k to en ab le service
tech n ician s to co n su lt th e lo g -b o o k. Th e o w n er/o p erato r o r th e tech n ician servicin g th e system sh o u ld u p d ate
th e lab el. A co p y o f th e lab el sh o u ld also b e in clu d ed in th e lo g -b o o k.
An eq u ip m en t lab el sh o u ld sp ecify th e m o st relevan t in fo rm atio n fo r service tech n ician s. Fo r sm aller
system s, th e id en tificatio n o f th e eq u ip m en t an d th e in d icatio n o f th e cu rren t co n tracto r an d its service
em erg en cy p h o n e n u m b er m ay b e su fficien t. Th e in fo rm atio n in th e b elo w tab le m ay b e ap p ro p riate fo r
m o re co m p lex system s, in clu d in g th e refrig eran t/lu b rican t system an d safety related d ata.
45
OWNER COMPANY
N am e:
Ad d ress:
Ph o n e:
Fax:
E m ail:
POLICY STATEMENT
Th e co m p an y s / o w n er s co m m itm en t to p ro tect th e o zo n e layer an d to req u ire
all p erso n n el to take all step s to ach ieve th is g o als h as b een d o cu m en ted in th e
sep arate p o licy statem en t.
EQUIPMENT / SYSTEM
Typ e:
Serial n u m b er:
Year:
LOCATION
B u ild in g ad d ress:
Flo o r:
R o o m :
RESPONSIBILITY
D ep artm en t:
R esp o n sib le p lan t m an ag er:
Ph o n e o f p lan t m an ag er:
PREVENTIVE INSPECTION
R esp o n sib le tech n ician :
Ph o n e o f tech n ician :
In sp ectio n in terval:
D ate o f last in sp ectio n :
SERVICE CONTRACT
N am e o f service co n tracto r:
Ad d ress:
Ph o n e:
Fax:
E m ail:
Service in terval:
E xp iratio n o f co n tract:
An n exes
User speci f i c dat a
Annex A.2 : User speci f i c dat a
Th e u ser sh o u ld d o cu m en t u ser sp ecific d ata in th e service lo g -b o o k. U ser sp ecific d ata m ay in clu d e a
referen ce to sep arate p o licy statem en ts, th e lo catio n o f th e refrig eratio n system , an d sh o u ld id en tify th e
resp o n sib le p lan t m an ag er, th e resp o n sib le tech n ician fo r p reven tive in sp ectio n s, an d th e co n tracted service
co m p an y.
CONTRACTOR / SERVICE COMPANY
N am e o f co m p an y:
N am e o f tech n ician :
C ertificate N o :
E xp iry d ate:
D ate o f service:
Tim e o f service:
SERVICES CARRIED OUT
INSPECTION
Sp ecify:
O b servatio n s:
REPAIR
Sp ecify:
O b servatio n s:
LEAK TESTING
M eth o d :
O b servatio n :
OTHER SERVICES
Sp ecify:
O b servatio n s:
REFRIGERANT
In itial ch arg e:
Lo st:
R eco vered fo r reu se:
R eco vered fo r recyclin g :
R ech arg ed w ith o ld refrig eran t:
R ech arg ed w ith n ew refrig eran t:
C o n tracto r fo r recyclin g o r reclaim :
RECOMMENDATIONS:
NEXT SERVICE / INSPECTION:
SIGNATURE TECHNICIAN
DATE
46
Ser vi ce record
Annex A.3 : Ser vi ce record
Th is sh eet is p art o f th e service lo g -b o o k an d sh o u ld d o cu m en t all stan d ard services carried o u t o n a
refrig eratio n system in clu d in g in sp ectio n , rep air an d leak testin g . Th e service co m p an y an d tech n ician
sh o u ld b e id en tified as w ell as d ate an d tim e o f th e service.
O th er services m ay ran g e fro m in stallatio n an d co m m issio n in g , red esig n , retro fittin g , p erfo rm an ce testin g
to d eco m m issio n in g , d ism an tlin g an d d isp o sal. If n ecessary, sep arate rep o rts sh o u ld b e in co rp o rated in to
th e service lo g -b o o k. A rep o rt sh eet fo r retro fittin g is p ro p o sed in An n ex A. 4 .
47
An n exes
CONTRACTOR / SERVICE COMPANY
N am e o f co m p an y:
N am e o f tech n ician :
C ertificate N o :
E xp iry d ate:
DATES
Start o f retro fittin g :
E n d o f retro fittin g :
N ext service / in sp ectio n :
CHECKLIST
M an u factu rer co n su lted
M an u factu rer s in stru ctio n s fo llo w ed
System co m p o n en ts ch an g ed
Perfo rm an ce tested p rio r to retro fittin g
Perfo rm an ce tested after retro fittin g
E q u ip m en t lab el ch an g ed
REFRIGERANT
Fro m typ e: To typ e:
Fro m q u an tity: To q u an tity:
Fro m m an u factu rer: To m an u factu rer:
Fro m O D P: To O D P:
Fro m G WP 1 0 0 : To G WP 1 0 0 :
OIL / LUBRICANT
Fro m typ e: To typ e:
Fro m q u an tity: To q u an tity:
Fro m m an u factu rer: To m an u factu rer:
Fro m visco sity: To visco sity:
LEAK TEST
M eth o d :
O b servatio n :
CONTAINMENT
In itial ch arg e:
R eco vered fo r reu se:
R eco vered fo r recyclin g :
R ech arg ed w ith altern ative refrig eran t:
C o n tracto r fo r recyclin g o r reclaim :
RECOMMENDATIONS:
SIGNATURE TECHNICIAN
DATE
Ret rof i t t i ng repor t
Annex A.4 : Ret rof i t t i ng repor t
Th is sh eet sh o u ld b e in co rp o rated in to th e service lo g -b o o k in th e case o f retro fittin g o f a refrig eratio n
system to an altern ative refrig eran t/lu b rican t system .
48
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51
An n exes
CONTRACTOR / SERVICE / DISPOSAL COMPANY
N am e:
Ad d ress:
Ph o n e:
Fax:
E m ail:
TYPE OF SERVICE WORK PERFORMED (CHECK ALL BOXES THAT APPLY)
Service o f sm all ap p lian ces
Service o f o th er th an sm all ap p lian ces
D isp o sal o f sm all ap p lian ces
D isp o sal o f o th er th an sm all ap p lian ces
DEVICE IDENTIFICATION (COMPLETE FOR EACH DEVICE ACQUIRED)
1 N am e o f m an u factu rer: Self-co n tain ed :
Typ e o f eq u ip m en t: Tech n ical d ata:
Serial n u m b er:
Year:
Serial n u m b er:
Year:
Serial n u m b er:
Year:
Serial n u m b er:
Year:
I certify th at SE R VIC E / D ISPO SAL C O M PAN Y h as acq u ired th e listed R &R
d evice s as req u ired b y n atio n al reg u latio n s, an d th at th e in fo rm atio n g iven is
tru e an d co rrect.
SIGNATURE COMPANY OWNER
DATE
R&R devi ce aqui si t i on cer t i f i cat i on f orm
(ser vi ce and di sposal compani es)
Annex A.8: Ref ri gerat i on R&R devi ce acqui si t i on f orm
(ser vi ce and di sposal compani es)
Service an d d isp o sal co m p an ies m ay b e req u ired b y law to p u rch ase R &R eq u ip m en t in o rd er to co n tin u e
th eir activities. Th is fo rm m ay b e u sed to certify th e p u rch ase o f th e req u ired eq u ip m en t.
Annex B: Company pol i cy st at ement f or vent i ng
of ref ri gerant s
An y co m p an y co m m itted to th e p h aseo u t o f C FC , w h eth er m an u factu rin g , u sin g o r servicin g refrig eratio n
eq u ip m en t, m ay w ish to d em o n strate its co m m itm en t b y m ean s o f a w ritten an d sig n ed p o licy statem en t.
Su ch a statem en t en co u rag es em p lo yees to ad o p t p ro p er w o rkin g an d servicin g p ractices an d can b e an
efficien t to o l fo r m arketin g an d co m m u n icatio n w ith co n tracto rs. U ser co m p an ies m ay ad o p t a co n tractin g
p o licy to w ard s service w o rksh o p s w h ich req u ires co n tracted service tech n ician s to ad h ere to th e co m p an y
p o licy. Su ch a p o licy statem en t sh o u ld b e co m m u n icated to relevan t stakeh o ld ers an d in clu d ed in th e service
lo g -b o o k.
52
OWNER COMPANY CONTRACTOR / SERVICE COMPANY
N am e: N am e:
Ad d ress: Ad d ress:
Ph o n e: Ph o n e:
Fax: Fax:
E m ail: E m ail:
STATEMENT
It is th e p o licy o f O WN E R / C O N TR AC TO R C O M PAN Y th at th e ven tin g o f C FC is strictly
p ro h ib ited an d th at all p erso n n el servicin g eq u ip m en t u sin g C FC sh all co m p ly w ith all
reg u latio n s p ertain in g to th e h an d lin g o f said su b stan ces.
Th is p o licy req u ires th at all tech n ician s servicin g refrig eratio n eq u ip m en t sh all b e certified in
co n fo rm an ce w ith leg al p ro visio n s. All m ain ten an ce an d service p ro ced u res sh all co n tain
p ro visio n s to p reven t in ten tio n al ven tin g , leakag e, an d to th e g reatest exten d p o ssib le,
accid en tal ven tin g o f refrig eran ts.
Th e O WN E R / C O N TR AC TO R C O M PAN Y is co m m itted to p ro tectin g th e o zo n e-layer an d all
p erso n n el are req u ired to take all step s n ecessary to ach ieve th is g o al. D elib erate o r veritab ly
n eg lig en t leakag e o f an y C FC b y an em p lo yee sh all b e g ro u n d s fo r d ism issal.
SIGNATURE SIGNATURE
OWNER COMPANY CONTRACTOR / SERVICE COMPANY
DATE DATE
Company pol i cy st at ement
53
An n exes
Annex C: Vol unt ar y i ndust r y agreement
DECLARATION
R eco g n izin g th at altern ative refrig eran ts h ave an essen tial ro le in rep lacin g C FC s an d H C FC s as refrig eran ts;
R eco g n izin g th at em issio n s o f altern ative refrig eran ts to th e atm o sp h ere are co n sid ered to h ave th e
p o ten tial to d am ag e th e en viro n m en t b y co n trib u tin g to th e accu m u latio n o f g reen h o u se g ases;
R eco g n izin g th at th e g lo b al w arm in g p o ten tial o f a refrig eratio n system co m p rises b o th a d irect effect fro m
th e em issio n o f g reen h o u se g as refrig eran ts an d an in d irect effect fro m en erg y co n su m p tio n an d lim itin g
g reen h o u se g as em issio n s req u ires th at b o th th ese effects b e co n sid ered ;
R eco g n izin g th at carefu l an d resp o n sib le u se o f all refrig eran ts, in clu d in g existin g p ro d u ct stew ard sh ip
m easu res, b en efits b o th th e u ser an d th e en viro n m en t.
Th e air-co n d itio n in g an d refrig eratio n in d u stry, to g eth er w ith th e u sers o f air-co n d itio n in g an d refrig eratio n
eq u ip m en t in all its ap p licatio n s h ereb y d eclares its in ten tio n to co n trib u te to th e n atio n al O D S p h aseo u t
p lan b y :
a) En co u rag in g th e m an u factu re, in stallatio n , co m m issio n in g , o p eratio n , service an d d eco m m issio n in g o f
refrig eratio n system s to th e h ig h est p ro fessio n al stan d ard s an d g u id elin es;
b ) E n co u rag in g th e d esig n , in stallatio n an d o p eratio n o f refrig eratio n system s in a m an n er w h ich
p ro m o tes th e efficien t u se o f en erg y;
c) E n co u rag in g all reaso n ab ly p racticab le p recau tio n ary m easu res to m in im ize refrig eran t leakag e, an d
reco m m en d in g th at refrig eran ts are reco vered fo r reu se, reclam atio n o r d isp o sal d u rin g servicin g an d
p rio r to eq u ip m en t d eco m m issio n in g ;
d ) D isco u rag in g th e u se o f O D S refrig eran ts fo r an y ap p licatio n w h ere a risk o f h ig h em issio n s exists, b y
p ro m o tin g th e u se o f safe, reaso n ab ly p ractical, en viro n m en tally accep tab le an d en erg y efficien t
altern atives, w h ere availab le Fo r th e p u rp o ses o f th is d eclaratio n , h ig h em issio n s are th o se in excess
o f 1 0 % lo ss o f in itial ch arg e an n u ally fro m service an d /o r b reakd o w n o f an y refrig eratio n system . ) ;
e) E n co u rag in g th e p ractice o f m ain tain in g a lo g d etailin g th e q u an tity o f refrig eran t u sed in an d
extracted fro m refrig eratin g system s an d eq u ip m en t w ith a to tal ch arg e exceed in g 5 0 kg ;
f R eco m m en d in g th at o n ly co m p eten t p erso n s carry o u t d esig n , in stallatio n , co m m issio n in g , servicin g ,
m ain ten an ce an d d eco m m issio n in g an d th at refrig eran t h an d lin g is restricted to th o se w ith a cu rren t
reg istratio n o f co m p eten ce;
g ) Assistin g th e G o vern m en t in o b tain in g reg u lar in fo rm atio n o n th e u se an d em issio n s o f altern ative
refrig eran ts.
Th e G o vern m en t an d in d u stry u n d ertake to m eet an n u ally to review th e effectiven ess o f th e d eclaratio n an d
actio n s resu ltin g fro m it.
Sig n ed o n b eh alf o f th e air-co n d itio n in g an d refrig eratio n in d u stry an d u sers.
Annex D: Tabl e of cont ent s f or codes
of good pract i ce
Not i ce on t he st at us of t he document
Commi t t ee i nvol ved i n t he preparat i on
Tabl e of cont ent s
Background
H isto ry o f th e o zo n e issu e an d th e M o n treal Pro to co l
Ph aseo u t tim e sch ed u le fo r reg u lated O D S
C o u n try sp ecific co n text an d C o u n try Pro g ram m e
Int roduct i on
Pu rp o se an d sco p e
N o rm ative referen ces
D efin itio n s
R efrig eratin g system s
Redesi gn and upgradi ng of exi st i ng syst ems
C o m p resso rs
C o n d en sers an d evap o rato rs
Pip elin es an d co n n ectio n s
R elief d evices
Iso latin g an d access d evices
Seals d esig n
H ig h h ead p ressu re
R efrig eran t m o istu re to leran ce
Vib ratio n
Inst al l at i on of ref ri gerat i on syst ems
Lo catio n o f refrig eran t p ip in g
R efrig eran t d etecto rs
E lectrical eq u ip m en t
M ach in ery areas an d p lan t ro o m s
Plan t an d eq u ip m en t in th e o p en air
C lean lin ess o f system
Pip in g fittin g s
Lab els
Syst em operat i on and mai nt enance
Accep tab ility o f ven tin g
R esp o n sib ility fo r o p eratio n o f th e system
In stru ctio n m an u al
Sch ed u le o f o p eratio n
Preven tive m ain ten an ce
U se o f arc-p ro d u cin g an d flam e-p ro d u cin g ap p aratu s
In sp ectio n o f refrig eran t vessels u n d er p ressu re
Stan d ard o p eratio n p ro ced u re
C h arg in g , d isch arg in g an d su b stitu tin g refrig eran ts
C lean in g an d flu sh in g
System d eh yd ratizatio n
Sh o rtag e o f refrig eran t
B elt d rives
C o m p o n en t iso latio n
Pu rg in g m an ifo ld g au g e sets
54
55
An n exes
Prevent i ve i nspect i on and sel f -checki ng
Servicin g an d in sp ectio n p ro ced u res
Service co n tracts an d in sp ectio n in tervals
Visu al in sp ectio n s an d self-ch eckin g
Leak d etectio n
Record-keepi ng and document at i on
Service reco rd s an d lo g b o o k
Lab elin g o f eq u ip m en t an d refrig eran ts
In ven to ry o f eq u ip m en t an d refrig eran ts
R ep o rtin g o f em issio n s an d sp ills
Recover y, recycl i ng and recl ai m
M ain ten an ce o f R &R eq u ip m en t
Stan d ard s fo r R &R eq u ip m en t
Perfo rm an ce testin g o f R &R eq u ip m en t
C o n tam in ated refrig eran t an d refrig eran t/o il m ixtu res
Ap p ro ved refrig eran t cylin d ers
R efrig eran t co n tain ers b elo n g in g to a Th ird Party
Handl i ng and st orage of ref ri gerant s
R efrig eran t sto rag e
R efillab le refrig eran t co n tain ers
Pressu re testin g o f h o ses an d eq u ip m en t
C h arg in g lin es
R efrig eran t tran sferred
C h arg in g cylin d ers
R efrig eran t co n tain er h an d lin g
R efrig eran t tran sfer b etw een co n tain ers
Di sposal of equi pment and ref ri gerant s
D eco m m issio n in g o f eq u ip m en t
B u ild in g d em o litio n
D isp o sal o f eq u ip m en t
D isp o sal an d d estru ctio n o f reco vered refrig eran ts an d lu b rican ts
Ret rof i t t i ng and al t ernat i ves
B asics o f co n versio n
Prep lan n in g to avo id em issio n s an d leaks
R eco m m en d ed p ro ced u re
Altern ative refrig eran t / lu b rican t system
Su rp lu s o f u sed refrig eran t
Saf et y requi rement s and desi gnat i on
Pro p erties o f refrig eran ts
Perso n n el in sid e co ld ro o m s
Lig h tn in g p ro tectio n
Pro tectio n ag ain st fire risk
D an g er in h eren t in refrig eratio n system s
In sp ectio n o f refrig eran t cylin d ers an d cylin d er h azard s
Perso n al p ro tective eq u ip m en t
Pressu re relief d evices
E m erg en cy d isch arg e o f refrig eran t
D isch arg e cap acity o f p ressu re relief d evices
Speci f i c charact eri st i cs of ref ri gerat i on sub-sect ors
C o m m ercial an d in d u strial system s
D o m estic an d self-co n tain ed system s
M o b ile air-co n d itio n in g
Tran sp o rt refrig eratio n
Trai ni ng and cer t i f i cat i on
Train in g fo r service tech n ician s
E n viro n m en tal aw aren ess train in g
C ertificatio n o f service tech n ician s
C ertificatio n o f service w o rksh o p s
C ertificatio n o f service an d R &R eq u ip m en t
Regul at or y i nvent or y or r ul e summar y
R eg u latio n s relevan t fo r service tech n ician s
R eg u latio n s relevan t fo r system o w n ers
E co n o m ic in cen tives an d p en alties
Vo lu n tary in d u stry ag reem en ts
Fu tu re visio n
Annexes
A List o f reco g n ized in d u stry stan d ard s
B E xam p les o f lab els an d tem p lates
Lab els fo r eq u ip m en t d esig n atio n
Lo g -b o o k fo r d o cu m en tatio n
Stan d ard servicin g co n tract
C C h ecklist fo r self-in sp ectio n
D C h ecklist fo r tro u b le sh o o tin g
E C h ecklist fo r self-learn in g
F C o n tact ad d resses an d h in ts
G D efin itio n s
H B ib lio g rap h y
56
57
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CONTAMINANTS* LOW PRESSURE R-12 SYSTEMS ALL OTHER
SYSTEMS SYSTEMS
Acid co n ten t 1 , 0 p p m 1 , 0 p p m 1 , 0 p p m
b y w eig h t)
M o istu re 2 0 p p m 1 0 p p m 2 0 p p m
b y w eig h t)
N o n -co n d en sib le N /A 2 , 0 % 2 , 0 %
g as b y vo lu m e)
H ig h b o ilin g
resid u es 1 , 0 % 0 , 0 2 % 0 , 0 2 %
b y vo lu m e)
C h lo rid es
b y silver n o tu rb id ity n o tu rb id ity n o tu rb id ity
n itrate test
Particu late visu ally clean visu ally clean visu ally clean
O th er 2 , 0 % 2 , 0 % 2 , 0 %
refrig eran ts
Mi ni mum qual i t y l evel of recycl ed ref ri gerant s
f or use i n same ow ner s equi pment
Table E.2: Maximum contaminant levels of recycled Refrigerants for reuse in same owners equipment as suggested
from the Industry Recycling Guide 2 (IRG-2), ARI.
* To ensure that the recycling equipment maintains its demonstrated capability to achieve above levels, it must
be operated and maintained per the equipment manufacturers recommendations.
58
59
Th e resp o n sib ility o f refrig eratio n p erso n n el in clu d e th e p lan n in g , calcu latio n , assem b ly,
m ain ten an ce an d rep air o f refrig eratio n an d air-co n d itio n in g p lan ts an d eq u ip m en t fo r all
ap p licatio n s. In p articu lar th is m ean s:
D esig n an d co n stru ctio n o f refrig eratin g p lan ts an d eq u ip m en t fo r th e p reservatio n ,
co n servatio n , co ld sto rag e an d refrig eran t tran sp o rt o f h eat sen sitive g o o d s, an d fo r th e
p ro d u ctio n o f ice an d ice cream
D esig n an d co n stru ctio n o f refrig eratin g eq u ip m en t fo r p ro cessin g an d m an u factu rin g
p lan ts, air-co n d itio n in g an d h eat p u m p p lan ts, an d fo r m ed ical an d lab o rato ry
ap p licatio n s.
In th e train in g o f refrig eratio n p erso n n el th ree levels o f skill an d kn o w led g e are id en tified ,
m ech an ic, tech n ician an d tech n ician en g in eer.
A refrig eratio n m ech an ic is train ed to p erfo rm th e req u ired p ractical tasks an d h as th e
th eo retical kn o w led g e n ecessary to carry o u t th ese tasks. H e is ab le to :
In stall refrig eratin g p lan ts o n site, to assem b le u n its in th e facto ry, an d to ch arg e th em
w ith n o rm al refrig eran t w ith o u t su p ervisio n
C o m m issio n n o rm al refrig eratin g p lan ts an d u n its in th e facto ry an d to h an d th em o ver
to th e cu sto m er
D etect a m alfu n ctio n o f p lan ts an d u n its an d to rep o rt th e m ain sym p to m s
R ectify fau lts o n p lan ts an d u n its an d to carry o u t rem ed ial an d service w o rk
H ave reg ard at all tim es fo r h ealth , safety an d en viro n m en tal p ro tectio n .
An n exe
Annex F: Trai ni ng programme
f or ref ri gerat i on mechani cs
Table F: Training programme for refrigeration mechanics, recommended by European Committee of Manufacturers of
Refrigeration Equipment (CECOMAF)
Responsabi l i t i es
Ref ri gerat i on mechani c
Ski l l l evel s
General know l edge
H ealth an d safety
E n viro n m en tal p ro tectio n
Wo rkin g in facto ries an d o n site
Wo rkin g an d so cial ru les an d law s
C o m m u n icatio n
Tech n ical m ath em atics
B asic scien ce
Basi c ski l l s
Wo rkin g w ith m etals an d p lastic
In stallatio n o f p ip in g
In stallatio n o f electrical cab les
M ain ten an ce o f to o ls an d eq u ip m en t
Basi c t echnol ogi es
R efrig eratio n
Air-co n d itio n in g
Ap p licatio n s
E lectric
E lectro n ics
C o n tro ls
M aterials
Tech n ical d raw in g
Stan d ard s an d ru les
Speci al i st ski l l s
H an d lin g o f sp ecial to o ls an d eq u ip m en t
H an d lin g o f refrig eratio n co m p o n en ts
In stallatio n o f refrig eratio n an d air-co n d itio n in g co m p o n en ts, p lan ts an d u n its
In stallatio n o f co n tro llin g an d m easu rin g d evices
In stallatio n o f in su latio n , so u n d an d co rro sio n p ro tectio n d evices
M easu rin g an d testin g o n refrig eratin g an d air-co n d itio n in g p lan ts, u n its an d
co m p o n en ts
M easu rin g an d testin g o n electrical an d electro n ic system s
C o m m issio n in g an d h an d -o ver
M ain ten an ce an d servicin g
Fau lt fin d in g an d rectificatio n
In sp ectio n an d rep o rtin g
Speci al i st t echnol ogy
R efrig eratio n an d air-co n d itio n in g co m p o n en ts, p lan ts an d u n its
R efrig eran ts, o th er w o rkin g flu id s an d au xiliary m aterials
H eat an d so u n d in su latio n
M easu rin g in stru m en ts, co n tro l d evices
D rivin g m o to rs
E lectrical circu its
E lectrical an d electro n ic co m p o n en ts an d d evices
In stallatio n p lan s
H an d b o o ks, tab les, ch arts an d d iag ram s
60
Table F: Training programme for refrigeration mechanics, recommended by European Committee of Manufacturers of
Refrigeration Equipment (CECOMAF). Training programmes for the technician and technician engineer are
beyond the scope of this report.
Trai ni ng programme f or ref ri gerat i on mechani cs
Annex G: Bi bl i ography
St andards and codes of pract i ce i n ref ri gerat i on
An u p d ated in fo rm atio n p ap er o n stan d ard s an d co d es o f p ractices related to O D S-
b ased eq u ip m en t is availab le at U N E P IE O zo n Actio n Pro g ram m e.
Aust ral i a
[1 ] Au stralian Refrig eratio n an d Air C o n d itio n in g C o d e o f G o o d Practice, C o m m ercial
an d In d u strial Refrig eratio n an d Air C o n d itio n in g , Asso ciatio n o f Flu o ro carb o n s
C o n su m ers an d M an u factu rers, O zo n Actio n Lib rary 4 6 7 , 1 9 9 2
AFC AM , Th e Secretary, PO B o x 3 0 7 6 , M an u ka, AC T, 2 0 6 3 , Au stralia
[2 ] Au stralian R efrig eratio n an d Air C o n d itio n in g C o d e o f G o o d Practice, D o m estic
R efrig eratio n , Asso ciatio n o f Flu o ro carb o n s C o n su m ers an d M an u factu rers,
O zo n Actio n Lib rary 4 6 8 , 1 9 9 0
AFC AM , Th e Secretary, PO B o x 3 0 7 6 , M an u ka, AC T, 2 0 6 3 , Au stralia
[3 ] D esig n an d Service o f In d u strial an d C o m m ercial Air C o n d itio n in g an d
R efrig eratio n U n its, C o d e o f Practice, Au stralian E n viro n m en t Pro tectio n
Au th o rity, O zo n Actio n Lib rary 7 7 4 , 1 9 9 3
E PA, O ld erfleet B u ild in g s, 4 7 7 C o llin s Street M elb o u rn e, Victo ria 3 0 0 0 , G PO
B o x 4 3 9 5 Q Q , M elb o u rn e, Victo ria 3 0 0 1 , Au stralia
[4 ] D esig n an d Service o f D o m estic Refrig erato r U n its, C o d e o f Practice, Au stralian
E n viro n m en t Pro tectio n Au th o rity, O zo n Actio n Lib rary 7 7 3 , 1 9 9 3
E PA, O ld erfleet B u ild in g s, 4 7 7 C o llin s Street M elb o u rn e, Victo ria 3 0 0 0 , G PO
B o x 4 3 9 5 Q Q , M elb o u rn e, Victo ria 3 0 0 1 , Au stralia
[5 ] C o d e o f Practice fo r th e C o n tro l o f C FC s fro m M o to r Veh icle Air-C o n d itio n ers,
M o to r Trad es Asso ciatio n o f Au stralia, O zo n Actio n Lib rary 4 6 9 , 1 9 9 1
M o to r Trad e Asso ciatio n o f Au stralia, N atio n al Press C lu b , N atio n al C ct, B rtn ,
C an b erra, Au stralia
Canada
[6 ] E n viro n m en tal C o d e o f Practice fo r E lim in atio n o f Flu o ro carb o n E m issio n s fro m
Refrig eratio n an d Air C o n d itio n in g System s, E n viro n m en t C an ad a, 1 9 9 6
E n viro n m en tal Pro tectio n P u b licatio n s, Tech n o lo g y Tran sfer O ffice,
E n viro n m en tal Tech n o lo g y Ad van cem en t D irecto rate, E n viro n m en t C an ad a,
O ttaw a, O n tario , C an ad a, K 1 A 0 H 3
Europe
[7 ] C o d e o f G o o d Practice fo r th e R ed u ctio n o f E m issio n s o f C FC s R 1 1 an d R 1 2 in
R efrig eratio n an d Air C o n d itio n in g Ap p licatio n s, C o m m issio n s o f th e E u ro p ean
C o m m u n ities, O zo n Actio n Lib rary 4 7 3 , 1 9 8 8
C o m m issio n o f th e E u ro p ean C o m m u n ities, D G XI, E n viro n m en t, C o n su m er
Pro tectio n an d N u clear Safety, B ru ssels, B elg iu m
An n exes
61
Sout h Af ri ca
[8 ] Sp e cifica tio n fo r R e frig e ra n t R e cycle E q u ip m e n t fo r th e M in im iza tio n o f
E n viro n m en tal Po llu tio n d u rin g th e Servicin g an d R ep air o f Au to m o tive Air-
C o n d itio n in g E q u ip m en t, So u th African B u reau o f Stan d ard s, O zo n Actio n
Lib rary 7 8 0 , 1 9 9 3
So u th African B u reau o f Stan d ard s, Private B ag X1 9 1 , Preto ria, R ep u b lic o f
So u th Africa
[9 ] C o d e o f Practice fo r th e M in im izatio n o f E n viro n m en tal Po llu tio n d u rin g th e
Servicin g an d R ep air o f Au to m o tive Air-C o n d itio n in g E q u ip m en t, Part I,
E stab lish m en t o f Pro ced u res fo r th e Servicin g an d R ep air o f R o ad Veh icles
C o m fo rt-C o o lin g Air-C o n d itio n in g E q u ip m en t, So u th African B u reau o f
Stan d ard s, O zo n Actio n Lib rary 7 8 1 , 1 9 9 3
So u th Africa
[1 0 ] C o d e o f Practice fo r th e M in im izatio n o f E n viro n m en tal Po llu tio n d u rin g th e
Servicin g an d R ep air o f Au to m o tive Air-C o n d itio n in g E q u ip m en t, Part II,
Servicin g an d Rep airs u sin g Refrig eran t Recycle E q u ip m en t, So u th African B u reau
o f Stan d ard s, O zo n Actio n Lib rary 7 8 2 , 1 9 9 3
So u th Africa
Sw eden
[1 1 ] Sw ed ish Refrig eratio n C o d e, Refrig eratio n an d Air C o n d itio n in g , C o o rd in atio n
Fo u n d atio n o f th e Refrig eratio n In d u stry, O zo n Actio n Lib rary 4 5 5 , 1 9 8 8
Kylb ran sch en s Sam arb etsstiftelse, B lasieh o lm sg atan 4 A, S-1 1 1 4 8 Sto ckh o lm ,
Sw ed en
[1 2 ] Sw ed ish Refrig eratio n C o d e, C lim ate C o m fo rt in M o to r Veh icles an d Wo rkin g
Veh icles, C o o rd in atio n Fo u n d atio n o f th e Refrig eratio n In d u stry, O zo n Actio n
Lib rary 4 7 0 , 1 9 9 2
Kylb ran sch en s Sam arb etsstiftelse, B lasieh o lm sg atan 4 A, S-1 1 1 4 8 Sto ckh o lm ,
Sw ed en
Uni t ed St at es
[1 3 ] Th e Refrig eran t M an u al, M an ag in g th e Ph ase-O u t o f C FC s, B u ild in g O w n ers an d
M an ag ers Asso ciatio n In tern atio n al, U SA, O zo n Actio n Lib rary 7 7 7 , 1 9 9 3
B O M A, 1 2 0 1 N ew Yo rk Aven u e, N . W. , Su ite 3 0 0 , Wash in g to n , D . C . 2 0 0 0 5
[1 4 ] G u id elin e fo r Assig n m en t o f R efrig eran t C o n tain er C o lo rs, G u id elin e N , Air-
C o n d itio n in g an d Refrig eratio n In stitu te, U SA, O zo n Actio n Lib rary 4 5 6 , 1 9 9 2
AR I, 4 3 0 1 N o rth Fairfax D rive, Arlin g to n , VA 2 2 2 0 3 , U n ited States
[1 5 ] G u id elin e fo r C o n tain ers fo r R eco vered F C R efrig eran ts, G u id elin e K , Air-
C o n d itio n in g an d R efrig eratio n In stitu te, U SA, O zo n e Lib rary 4 5 7 , 1 9 9 0
62
[1 6 ] Sta n d a rd fo r Sp e cifica tio n s fo r F C a n d O th e r R e frig e ra n ts, Sta n d a rd AR I
7 0 0 -9 3 , Air-C o n d itio n in g an d R efrig eratio n In stitu te, U SA, O zo n Actio n Lib rary
7 8 4 , 1 9 9 3
[1 7 ] Stan d ard fo r R efrig eran t R eco very an d R ecyclin g E q u ip m en t, Stan d ard AR I
7 4 0 -9 3 , Air- C o n d itio n in g an d R efrig eratio n In stitu te, U SA, O zo n Actio n Lib rary
7 8 3 , 1 9 9 5
[1 8 ] Am erican N atio n al Stan d ard o n N u m b er D esig n atio n an d Safety C lassificatio n o f
Refrig eran ts, Stan d ard AN SI/A SH RAE 3 4 -1 9 9 2 an d Ap p en d u m AN SI/A SH R AE
3 4 a-1 9 9 3 , Am erican So ciety o f H eatin g , R efrig eratin g an d Air-C o n d itio n in g
E n g in eers In c, O zo n Actio n Lib rary 4 6 0 7 7 2 ) , 1 9 9 2 1 9 9 3 )
A SH R AE , 1 7 9 1 Tu llie C ircle, N E , Atlan ta, G A 3 0 3 2 9 , U n ited States
[1 9 ] G u id elin e o n R ed u cin g E m issio n s o f Fu lly H alo g en ated C FC R efrig eran ts in
R efrig eratio n an d Air- C o n d itio n in g E q u ip m en t an d Ap p licatio n s, G u id elin e
A SH R AE 3 -1 9 9 0 an d Ap p en d u m A SH R AE 3 a-1 9 9 2 , Am erican So ciety o f
H eatin g , R efrig eratin g an d Air-C o n d itio n in g E n g in eers In c, O zo n Actio n Lib rary
4 6 1 , 1 9 9 0 1 9 9 2 )
[2 0 ] Am erican N atio n al Stan d ard co n cern in g Safety C o d e fo r M ech an ical
Refrig eratio n , Stan d ard AN SI/A SH RAE 1 5 -1 9 9 2 , Am erican So ciety o f H eatin g ,
R efrig eratin g an d Air-C o n d itio n in g E n g in eers In c, O zo n Actio n Lib rary 4 6 3 ,
1 9 9 2
[2 1 ] H an d lin g an d R eu se o f R efrig eran ts in th e U S, Air-C o n d itio n in g an d
R efrig eratio n In stitu te, O zo n Actio n Lib rary 7 7 9 , 1 9 9 4
[2 2 ] Stan d ard fo r Safety o f R efrig eratio n R eco very an d R ecyclin g E q u ip m en t,
Stan d ard U L 1 9 6 3 , U n d erw riters Lab o rato ries In c, U SA, O zo n Actio n Lib rary
4 6 2 , 1 9 8 9
U n d erw riter Lab o rato ries In c. , 3 3 3 Pfin g sten Ro ad , N o rth b ro o k, Illin o is 6 0 0 6 2 -
2 0 9 6 , U n ited States
[2 3 ] Safety R eq u irem en ts fo r H o u seh o ld R efrig erato rs u sin g M o d erately Flam m ab le
R efrig eran ts, C o n feren ce Pro ceed in g fro m th e In tern atio n al C o n feren ce o n C FC
an d H alo n Altern atives in B eijin g , U n d erw riters Lab o rato ries In c, U SA,
O zo n Actio n Lib rary 6 2 4 , 1 9 9 3
An n exes
63
[2 4 ] Fin al R u le Su m m ary co n cern in g C o m p lian ce w ith th e R efrig eran t R ecyclin g
R u le, U S E n viro n m en tal Pro tectio n Au th o rity, E PA-4 3 0 -F-9 3 -0 1 0 , O zo n Actio n
Lib rary 7 7 7 , 1 9 9 3
U S E PA, O ffice o f Air an d R ad iatio n , D ivisio n o f G lo b al C h an g e AN R-4 4 5 ) , 4 0 1
M St. SW, Wash in g to n D C 2 0 4 6 0 , U n ited States
[2 5 ] M o b ile Air-C o n d itio n in g R ecyclin g M an u al, U S E n viro n m en tal Pro tectio n
Ag en cy, E PA-6 0 0 -R-9 2 - 1 7 1 , O zo n Actio n Lib rary 4 7 8 , 1 9 9 2
U S E PA, O ffice o f Air an d R ad iatio n , D ivisio n o f G lo b al C h an g e AN R-4 4 5 ) , 4 0 1
M St. SW, Wash in g to n D C 2 0 4 6 0 , U n ited States
[2 6 ] G u id e fo r th e Field C o n versio n /R etro fit o f Pro d u cts to C h an g e to an Altern ative
R efrig eran t, U n d erw riters Lab o rato ries, U SA, O zo n Actio n Lib rary 7 7 5 , 1 9 9 3
[2 7 ] C o d e o f Service Practices fo r H an d lin g , C o n servatio n an d C o n tain m en t o f
R efrig eran t, C arrier, U SA, O zo n Actio n Lib rary 7 7 6 , 1 9 9 4
C arrier, P.O .B o x 4 8 0 8 , C arrier Parkway, Syracu se, N ew Yo rk 1 3 2 2 1 , U n ited States
UNEP document s
[2 8 ] O zo n Actio n In fo rm atio n C learin g h o u se, U N E P, 1 9 9 7
[2 9 ] H an d b o o k fo r th e In tern atio n al Treaties fo r th e Pro tectio n o f th e O zo n e Layer,
O zo n e Secretariat U N E P, Fo u rth E d itio n , 1 9 9 6
[3 0 ] In n o vative Ap p ro ach es fo r th e Ph asin g O u t o f O zo n e D ep letin g Su b stan ces in
Lo w O D S C o n su m in g C o u n tries, N in eteen th M eetin g o f th e E xC o m o f th e
M u ltilateral Fu n d , U N E P, 1 9 9 6
[3 1 ] R ep o rt in U N E P s C o n tin u ed Wo rk o n Ad d ressin g th e N eed s o f Lo w Vo lu m e
O D S C o n su m in g C o u n tries LVC s , Tw en tieth M eetin g o f th e E xC o m o f th e
M u ltilateral Fu n d , U N E P, 1 9 9 6
[3 2 ] Reg u latio n s to C o n tro l O zo n e D ep letin g Su b stan ces, G u id eb o o k, U N E P, 1 9 9 6
[3 3 ] M o n ito rin g Im p o rts o f O zo n e D ep letin g Su b stan ces, G u id eb o o k, U N E P, 1 9 9 6
[3 4 ] H an d b o o k fo r th e In tern atio n al Treaties fo r th e Pro tectio n o f th e O zo n e Layer,
Fo u rth E d itio n , U N E P, 1 9 9 6
[3 5 ] 1 9 9 4 R ep o rt o f th e R efrig eratio n , Air C o n d itio n in g an d H eat Pu m p s Tech n ical
O p tio n s C o m m ittee, U N E P, 1 9 9 5 Assessm en t, 1 9 9 5
[3 6 ] E lem en ts fo r E stab lish in g Po licies, Strateg ies an d In stitu tio n al Fram ew o rk fo r
O zo n e Layer Pro tectio n , U N E P, 1 9 9 5
[3 7 ] B len d s as R efrig eran ts to R ep lace C FC s an d H C FC s, In fo rm atio n Pap er, U N E P,
1 9 9 5
64
[3 8 ] Stan d ard s an d C o d es o f Practice, In fo rm atio n Pap er, U N E P, 1 9 9 5
[3 9 ] O D S Ph ase-O u t Leg islatio n an d R eg u latio n s, u p d ated reg u larly, U N E P, 1 9 9 5
[4 0 ] Su ccessfu l C o n versio n to N o n -O D S R efrig eratio n , Th e N ew Z ealan d
E xp erien ce, C ase Stu d ies, U N E P, 1 9 9 5
[4 1 ] C o u n try Pro g ram m e Su m m ary Sh eets u n d er M u ltilateral Fu n d fo r th e
Im p lem en tatio n o f th e M o n treal Pro to co l, U N E P, 1 9 9 4
[4 2 ] Practical G u id elin es fo r In d u stry fo r M an ag in g th e Ph aseo u t o f O zo n e
D ep letin g Su b stan ces, U N E P, 1 9 9 4
[4 3 ] Train in g M an u al o n G o o d Practices in R efrig eratio n , U N E P, 1 9 9 4
[4 4 ] Train in g M an u al o n C h illers an d R efrig eran t M an ag em en t, U N E P, 1 9 9 4
[4 5 ] R etro fittin g w ith N o n -C FC Su b stitu tes, In fo rm atio n Pap er, U N E P, 1 9 9 4
[4 6 ] E lim in atio n o f C FC R efrig eran ts fro m D o m estic R efrig eratio n M an u factu re,
In fo rm atio n Pap er, U N E P, 1 9 9 4
[4 7 ] H C F C an d Air-C o n d itio n in g M o n treal Pro to co l C o n tro ls an d O p tio n s,
In fo rm atio n Pap er, U N E P, 1 9 9 4
[4 8 ] R eco very an d R ecyclin g , C ase Stu d ies, U N E P, 1 9 9 4
[4 9 ] Pro tectin g th e O zo n e Layer, Vo lu m e I, R efrig eran ts, U N E P, 1 9 9 2
[5 0 ] So u rceb o o k o f Tech n o lo g ies fo r Pro tectin g th e O zo n e Layer, R efrig eratio n , Air-
C o n d itio n in g an d H eat Pu m p s, U N E P
[5 1 ] N o n - an d Lo w -O D S Tech n o lo g ies, A C o m p en d iu m o f C ase Stu d ies Pro d u ced b y
In d u stry an d G o vern m en ts, U N E P, 1 9 9 5
[5 2 ] D evelo p m en t o f R efrig eran t M an ag em en t Plan , D raft G u id elin es, FFE M /C FD
G o vern m en t o f Fran ce) an d U N E P, 1 9 9 7
[5 3 ] Statu s o f R atificatio n / Accessio n / Accep tan ce / Ap p ro val o f th e Ag reem en ts o n
th e Pro tectio n o f th e Strato sp h eric O zo n e Layer, U N E P, 1 9 9 7
[5 4 ] G u id elin es fo r E stab lish m en t o f R eco very an d R ecyclin g System s R efrig eratio n
Secto r, U N E P, 1 9 9 8
[5 5 ] Po licy D esig n an d Settin g U p o f Leg islatio n - O D S Im p o rt/E xp o rt Licen sin g
System s - R eso u rce M o d u le, U N E P, 1 9 9 8
[5 6 ] Train in g M o d u le fo r N atio n al Train in g C o u rses o n G o o d Practices
R efrig eratio n Secto r, U N E P, 1 9 9 8
[5 7 ] G u id elin es fo r th e Prep aratio n o f R efrig eran t M an ag em en t P lan ,
U N E P/O zL. Pro /E xC o m /2 3 /5 2 , 1 9 9 7
An n exes
65
Ot her rel at ed document s
[5 8 ] Red u cin g C FC U se in Refrig eratio n : Strateg ic O p tio n s fo r C o u n tries w ith Lo w C FC
C o n su m p tio n , U N ID O , 1 9 9 6
[5 9 ] E valu atio n o f th e Sw ed ish O D S Ph ase-O u t, Sw ed ish E n viro n m en tal Pro tectio n
Ag en cy, O zo n Actio n Lib rary 1 2 2 7 , 1 9 9 5
[6 0 ] Reco m m en d ed E d u catio n an d Train in g Pro g ram m e C riteria fo r Refrig eratio n
M ech an ics, Refrig eratio n Tech n ician s an d Refrig eratio n Tech n ician E n g in eers,
C E C O M AF E TC -0 0 1 , 1 9 8 9
[6 1 ] 1 3 th In fo rm ato ry N o te o n Refrig eran ts - Stan d ard s fo r Flam m ab le Refrig eran ts,
In tern atio n al In stitu te o f Refrig eratio n , 1 9 9 7 .
Request f or new or updat ed i nf ormat i on
M an y o f th e d o cu m en ts in th e O zo n Actio n lib rary h ave b een id en tified an d d o n ated
b y th e kin d effo rts o f o rg an izatio n s an d in d ivid u als th ro u g h o u t th e w o rld w h o are
co n cern ed w ith th e p ro tectio n o f th e strato sp h eric o zo n e layer. O u r ab ility to fu rn ish
th is in fo rm atio n to th e p u b lic is g reatly en h an ced b y su ch co o p eratio n . We th erefo re
stro n g ly en co u rag e yo u to d o n ate o r id en tify d o cu m en ts fo r th e lib rary, so th at w e can
m ake o th er p eo p le aw are o f th ese im p o rtan t in fo rm atio n reso u rces. Please sen d an y
d o cu m en ts, citatio n s, o r b ib lio g rap h ies to :
UNEP IE OzonAct i on Programme
Tour Mi rabeau
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France
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Emai l : ozonact i on@unep.f r
Tel ex: 204 997 F
66
SCOPE
In d u strial, co m m ercial refrig eratio n X X X X
D o m estic refrig eratio n X X X
M o b ile refrig eratio n X X X X X
BACKGROUND
Year o f issu in g 9 2 9 0 9 3 9 3 9 1 9 6 8 8 9 3 9 3 9 3
N u m b er o f p ag es 2 4 1 5 4 5 8 4 0 2 2 6 2 4
FOCUS
R ed esig n o f refrig eratio n system s X X X X X X
In stallatio n o f eq u ip m en t X X X X X
System o p eratio n an d m ain ten an ce X X X X X X X X X
Preven tive in sp ectio n an d m ain ten an ce X X
R eco rd -keep in g an d d o cu m en tatio n X
R &R, reclaim an d reu se X X X X X X X X
H an d lin g an d sto rag e o f refrig eran ts X X X X X X X X
D isp o sal o f O D S refrig eran ts, system s X X X X X X X
R etro fittin g an d altern atives X X X X
Safety req u irem en ts X X
Train in g an d certificatio n X X X X
R eg u lato ry in ven to ry
C o n tact ad d resses an d h in ts
An n exes
67
DOCUMENT* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Table G: Comparison of existing codes of practice in refrigeration and related specifications and standards.
* The numbering of the documents refers to the bibliography.
X The documents focuses partly or predominantly on the indicated aspects.
68
SCOPE
In d u strial, co m m ercial refrig eratio n X X X X X X X X X
D o m estic refrig eratio n X X X X X X X X
M o b ile refrig eratio n X X X X X X X
BACKGROUND
Year o f issu in g 8 8 9 2 9 3 9 2 9 0 9 3 9 5 9 3 9 2 9 2
N u m b er o f p ag es 1 7 5 4 0 1 4 1 4 3 7 1 4 1 1 2 0 2 2
FOCUS
R ed esig n o f refrig eratio n system s X X X
In stallatio n o f eq u ip m en t X X X
System o p eratio n an d m ain ten an ce X X X X
Preven tive in sp ectio n an d m ain ten an ce X X X
R &R, reclaim an d reu se X X X
H an d lin g an d sto rag e o f refrig eran ts X X
D isp o sal o f O D S refrig eran ts, system s X X
R etro fittin g an d altern atives X X
Safety req u irem en ts X X X X X X X
Train in g an d certificatio n X X
R eg u lato ry in ven to ry X X X
C o n tact ad d resses an d h in ts X
DOCUMENT* 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
SCOPE
In d u strial, co m m ercial refrig eratio n X X X X
D o m estic refrig eratio n X X X X X
M o b ile refrig eratio n X X X X X
BACKGROUND
Year o f issu in g 9 4 8 9 9 3 9 3 9 2 9 3 9 4
N u m b er o f p ag es 1 2 9 0 2 0 1 2 1 5 0 5 2
FOCUS
R ed esig n o f refrig eratio n system s
In stallatio n o f eq u ip m en t
System o p eratio n an d m ain ten an ce X X
Preven tive in sp ectio n an d m ain ten an ce
R &R, reclaim an d reu se X X X X
H an d lin g an d sto rag e o f refrig eran ts X
D isp o sal o f O D S refrig eran ts, system s X
R etro fittin g an d altern atives X
Safety req u irem en ts X X
Train in g an d certificatio n X X
R eg u lato ry in ven to ry X
C o n tact ad d resses an d h in ts
An n exes
69
DOCUMENT* 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Annex H: Li st of st andards
All cu rren tly valid n atio n al an d in tern atio n al stan d ard s are su b ject to revisio n . An y referen ce to a stan d ard
is d eem ed to b e a referen ce to th e latest ed itio n o f th at stan d ard . Parties to ag reem en ts b ased o n su ch
stan d ard s are en co u rag ed to take step s to en su re th e u se o f th e m o st recen t ed itio n o f th e stan d ard s
in d icated b elo w :
AN SI/AR I 7 0 0 Sp ecificatio n fo r flu o ro carb o n refrig eran ts
AN SI/A SH R AE B 1 6 . 5 Pip e flan g es an d flan g e fittin g s
AN SI/A SH R AE 3 4 N u m b er d esig n atio n an d safety classificatio n o f refrig eran ts
AN SI/A SM E B 3 1 . 5 R efrig eratio n p ip in g
AN SI/A SM E B 3 6 . 1 0 M Weld ed an d seam less w ro u g h t steel p ip e
AN SI/U L 1 9 6 3 R efrig eran t reco very/recyclin g eq u ip m en t
AR I Stan d ard 7 0 0 Stan d ard fo r sp ecificatio n fo r flu o ro carb o n refrig eran ts
AR I Stan d ard 7 4 0 Stan d ard fo r refrig eratio n reco very/recyclin g eq u ip m en t
AR I Stan d ard 7 9 3 Sp ecificatio n fo r flu o ro carb o n an d o th er refrig eran ts
A S 1 5 7 1 C o p p er - seam less tu b es fo r air-co n d itio n in g an d refrig eratio n
A S 4 0 4 1 Pressu re p ip in g
A S D 2 6 Tu b e fittin g s D ryseal Am erican stan d ard tap er p ip e an d u n ified th read s
fo r au to m o tive an d in d u strial u se
A SH R AE 3 Red u cin g em issio n s o f fu lly h alo g en ated C FC refrig eran ts in refrig eratio n an d
air-co n d itio n in g eq u ip m en t an d ap p licatio n s
A SH R AR 1 5 Safe u se o f flam m ab le refrig eran ts
A STM B 2 8 0 Sp ecificatio n fo r seam less co p p er tu b e fo r air-co n d itio n in g an d refrig eratio n
field service
A STM D 9 3 Test m eth o d s fo r flash p o in t b y Pen sky-M arten s clo sed tester
B S 1 5 6 0 -3 C ircu lar flan g es fo r p ip es, valves an d fittin g s class d esig n ated ) - Part 3 :
steel, cast iro n an d co p p er allo y flan g es
B S 3 4 6 3 Sp ecificatio n fo r o b servatio n an d g au g e g lasses fo r p ressu re vessels
B S 3 6 0 1 Sp ecificatio n carb o n steel p ip es an d tu b es with sp ecified ro o m tem p eratu re
p ro p erties fo r p ressu re p u rp o ses
B S 3 6 0 2 -1 Sp ecificatio n fo r steel p ip es an d tu b es fo r p ressu re p u rp o ses: carb o n an d
carb o n m an g an ese steel w ith sp ecified elevated tem p eratu re p ro p erties -
Part 1 : seam less an d electric resistan ce w eld ed in clu d in g in d u ctio n
w eld ed tu b es
B S 3 6 0 2 -2 Sp ecificatio n fo r steel p ip es an d tu b es fo r p ressu re p u rp o ses: carb o n an d
carb o n m an g an ese steel w ith sp ecified elevated tem p eratu re p ro p erties -
Part 2 : lo n g itu d in ally arc w eld ed tu b es
B S 3 6 0 3 Sp ecificatio n fo r carb o n an d allo y steel p ip es an d tu b es w ith sp ecified lo w
tem p eratu re p ro p erties fo r p ressu re p u rp o ses
B S 4 4 3 4 Sp ecificatio n fo r safety asp ects in th e d esig n , co n stru ctio n an d in stallatio n o f
refrig eratin g ap p lian ces an d system s
B S 4 5 0 4 -3 C ircu lar flan g es fo r p ip es, valves an d fittin g s PN d esig n ated ) - Part 3 : steel,
cast iro n an d co p p er allo y flan g es
C SA C o d e B 5 1 -M 1 9 9 5 B o iler, p ressu re vessel, an d p ressu re, p u b lic safety
C SA C o d e B 5 7 -M 1 9 9 5 M ech an ical refrig eratio n
D IN 2 6 3 4 Weld in g n eck flan g es: n o m in al p ressu re 2 5
D IN 2 6 3 5 Weld in g n eck flan g es: n o m in al p ressu re 4 0
D IN 3 1 5 8 Valves fo r u se in refrig eratio n system s: safety req u irem en ts, testin g an d
m arkin g
70
D IN 7 0 0 3 d raft) Safe u se o f flam m ab le refrig eran ts
D IN 8 9 6 0 d raft) C lassificatio n o f flam m ab le refrig eran ts
D IN 8 9 7 5 Safe u se o f flam m ab le refrig eran ts
E N 3 7 8 E u ro p ean safety stan d ard fo r refrig eran ts
IE C 6 0 3 3 5 -2 -2 4 Safe u se o f flam m ab le refrig eran ts: h o u seh o ld refrig erato rs
IE C 6 0 3 3 5 -2 -4 0 Safe u se o f flam m ab le refrig eran ts: h eat p u m p s an d air-co n d itio n ers
ISO 8 1 7 O rg an ic refrig eran ts: n u m b er d esig n atio n
ISO 1 1 6 5 0 Perfo rm an ce o f refrig eran t reco very an d /o r recyclin g eq u ip m en t
J APO N G en eral h ig h p ressu re g as safety reg u latio n s
J APO N R efrig eratio n safety reg u latio n s
N F E 3 5 -4 0 0 C lassificatio n an d safe u se o f flam m ab le refrig eran ts
N F E 3 5 -4 0 2 Safe u se o f flam m ab le refrig eran ts
SAB S 0 1 0 8 C lassificatio n o f h azard o u s lo catio n s an d th e selectio n o f electrical ap p aratu s fo r
u se in su ch lo catio n s
SAB S 1 5 8 3 Refrig eran t recycle eq u ip m en t fo r th e m in im izatio n o f en viro n m en tal
p o llu tio n d u rin g th e servicin g an d rep air o f au to m o tive air-co n d itio n in g
eq u ip m en t
SAB S 2 5 0 -1 M in im izatio n o f en viro n m en tal p o llu tio n d u rin g th e servicin g an d rep air o f
au to m o tive air-co n d itio n in g eq u ip m en t - Part 1 : estab lish m en t o f
p ro ced u res fo r th e servicin g an d rep air o f ro ad veh icles co m fo rt-co o lin g air-
co n d itio n in g eq u ip m en t
SAB S 2 5 0 -2 M in im izatio n o f en viro n m en tal p o llu tio n d u rin g th e servicin g an d rep air o f
au to m o tive air-co n d itio n in g eq u ip m en t - Part 2 : Servicin g an d rep airs u sin g
refrig eran t recycle eq u ip m en t
SAB S 0 1 4 7 C o d e o f p ractice: refrig eratin g system s in clu d in g p lan ts asso ciated w ith
air- co n d itio n in g system s
SAE j 1 6 2 7 R atin g criteria fo r electro n ic refrig eran t leak d etecto rs
SAE j 1 6 2 8 Tech n ical p ro ced u re fo r u sin g electro n ic refrig eran t leak d etecto r fo r service o f
m o b ile air-co n d itio n in g system s
SAE j 1 6 5 7 Se le ctio n crite ria fo r re tro fit re frig e ra n t to re p la ce R-1 2 in m o b ile air-
co n d itio n in g system s
SAE j 1 6 5 8 Altern ative refrig eran t co n sisten cy criteria fo r u se in m o b ile air-co n d itio n in g
system s
SAE j 1 6 6 1 Pro ced u re fo r retro fittin g C FC -1 2 R-1 2 ) m o b ile air-co n d itio n in g system s to
H FC -1 3 4 a R-1 3 4 a)
SAE j 1 9 9 1 Stan d ard o f p u rity fo r u se in m o b ile air-co n d itio n in g system s
SAE j 2 2 0 9 C FC -1 2 R-1 2 ) extractio n eq u ip m en t fo r m o b ile air-co n d itio n in g system s
SAE j 2 2 1 1 R eco m m en d ed service p ro ced u res fo r th e co n tain m en t o f H FC -1 3 4 a
U L 2 5 0 Safe u se o f flam m ab le refrig eran ts: h o u seh o ld refrig erato rs an d freezers
U L 1 9 9 5 Safe u se o f flam m ab le refrig eran ts: h eatin g & co o lin g eq u ip m en t
U S D O T 4 9 C FR 1 7 3 ) C lassificatio n o f flam m ab le refrig eran ts
An n exes
71
Annex I: Gl ossar y
Ar t i cl e 5 count ri es
are Parties o f th e M o n treal Pro to co l w ith an an n u al calcu lated level o f co n su m p tio n less th an 0 , 3 kg p er
cap ita o f th e co n tro lled su b stan ces in An n ex A, an d less th an 0 , 2 kg p er cap ita o f th e co n tro lled su b stan ces
in An n ex B , o n th e d ate o f th e en try in to fo rce o f th e M o n treal Pro to co l, o r an y tim e th ereafter. Th ese
co u n tries are p erm itted a ten year g race p erio d co m p ared to th e p h aseo u t sch ed u le in th e M o n treal
Pro to co l fo r d evelo p ed co u n tries.
Cal cul at ed l evel of consumpt i on
is calcu lated b y ad d in g to g eth er its calcu lated levels o f p ro d u ctio n an d im p o rts an d su b tractin g its
calcu lated levels o f exp o rts. H o w ever, b eg in n in g o n 1 J an u ary 1 9 9 3 , an y exp o rt to n o n -Parties o f th e
M o n treal Pro to co l sh all n o t b e su b tracted in calcu latin g th e co n su m p tio n level o f th e exp o rtin g Party. Th e
resu lt w ill b e in d icated in w eig h ted to n en s O D S.
Cal cul at ed l evel of product i on, i mpor t s and expor t s
is calcu lated b y m u ltip lyin g th e an n u al am o u n t o f each co n tro lled su b stan ce b y th e O zo n e D ep letin g
Po ten tial sp ecified in resp ect o f it in An n exes A, B , C , E an d ad d in g to g eth er, fo r each g ro u p , th e resu ltin g
fig u res. Th e resu lt w ill b e in d icated in w eig h ted to n n es O D S.
Cont ai nment
m ean s th e ap p licatio n o f service tech n iq u es o r sp ecial eq u ip m en t d esig n ed to p reclu d e o r red u ce lo ss o f
refrig eran t fro m eq u ip m en t d u rin g in stallatio n , o p eratio n , service an d d isp o sal o f refrig eratio n eq u ip m en t.
Cont rol l ed subst ance
m ean s a su b stan ce co n tro lled u n d er th e M o n treal Pro to co l, w h eth er existin g alo n e o r in a m ixtu re. It
in clu d es th e iso m ers o f an y su ch su b stan ce, excep t as sp ecified in th e relevan t An n ex, b u t exclu d es an y
co n tro lled su b stan ce o r m ixtu re w h ich is in a m an u factu red p ro d u ct o th er th an a co n tain er u sed fo r th e
tran sp o rtatio n o r sto rag e o f th at su b stan ce.
Count r y Programme
estab lish es a b aselin e su rvey o n th e u se o f th e co n tro lled su b stan ces in a co u n try an d d raw s u p p o licy,
strateg ies an d a p h aseo u t p lan fo r th eir rep lacem en t an d co n tro l. Th e co llected d ata rep resen ts th e b asis
fo r th e d efin itio n o f th e p h aseo u t p lan w h ich is p art o f th e C o u n try Pro g ram m e.
Low vol ume ODS-consumi ng count ri es (LVC count ri es)
h ave b een d efin ed b y th e E xC o m as Article 5 co u n tries w h o se calcu lated level o f O D S co n su m p tio n is less
th an 3 6 0 w eig h ted to n en s an n u ally.
Dest r uct i on
m ean s to d estro y refrig eran t b y ap p ro ved d estru ctio n p lan ts, in o rd er to rem o ve th ese su b stan ces
effectively w ith o u t an y d am ag in g em issio n s.
Drop-i n repl acement
m ean s th e p ro ced u re w h en rep lacin g O D S w ith altern ative refrig eran ts in existin g refrig eratio n p lan ts
w ith o u t d o in g an y p lan t m o d ificatio n s.
Inf ormal sect or
is very co m m o n in LVC co u n tries an d co n sists o f en terp rises h avin g th e fo llo w in g ch aracteristics am o n g
o th ers: sm all scale o f o p eratio n , easy en try in to th e m arket, relian ce o n lo cal reso u rces, fam ily rath er th an
co rp o rate o w n ersh ip , staff skills acq u ired o u tsid e th e fo rm al sch o o l system o r o n -th e-jo b , ab ility to o p erate
in an u n reg u lated an d co m p etitive m arket.
Ozone depl et i ng pot ent i al
q u an tifies th e p o ten tial o zo n e d ep letin g effect o f an O D S in th e strato sp h eric o zo n e layer in relatio n to C FC -
1 1 , w h ich h as th erefo re an O D P= 1 .
Phaseout pl an
72
fo r O D S is p art o f th e C o u n try Pro g ram m e an d d escrib es th e strateg y statem en t o f th e g o vern m en t
d efin in g th e p h aseo u t tim e sch ed u le fo r each co n tro lled su b stan ce an d th e g o vern m en t actio n s to b e taken
fo r ach ievin g p h aseo u t. It co n tain s a p rio ritised list o f p ro jects to b e u n d ertaken an d takes in to acco u n t th e
sp ecific in d u strial, p o litical an d leg islative situ atio n in th e co u n try.
Product i on
m ean s th e am o u n t o f co n tro lled su b stan ces p ro d u ced , m in u s th e am o u n t d estro yed b y tech n o lo g ies to b e
ap p ro ved b y th e Parties an d m in u s th e am o u n t en tirely u sed as feed sto ck in th e m an u factu re o f o th er
ch em icals. Th e am o u n t recycled o r reu sed is n o t to b e co n sid ered as p ro d u ctio n .
Recl amat i on
m ean s re-p ro cessin g an d u p g rad in g o f a reco vered co n tro lled su b stan ce th ro u g h su ch m ech an ism s as
filterin g , d ryin g , d istillatio n an d ch em ical treatm en t in o rd er to resto re th e su b stan ce to a sp ecified stan d ard
o f p erfo rm an ce. C h em ical an alysis is req u ired to d eterm in e th at ap p ro p riate p ro d u ct sp ecificatio n s are m et.
It o ften in vo lves p ro cessin g o ff-site at a cen tral facility.
Recover y
m ean s th e co llectio n an d sto rag e o f co n tro lled su b stan ces fro m m ach in ery, eq u ip m en t, co n tain m en t
vessels, etc. , d u rin g servicin g o r p rio r to d isp o sal w ith o u t n ecessarily testin g o r p ro cessin g it in an y w ay.
Recycl i ng
m ean s th e reu se o f a reco vered co n tro lled su b stan ce fo llo w in g a b asic clean in g p ro cess su ch as filterin g an d
d ryin g . Fo r refrig eran ts, recyclin g n o rm ally in vo lves rech arg e b ack in to eq u ip m en t. It o ften o ccu rs o n -site.
Ref ri gerant Management Pl an (RMP)
is b ein g d evelo p ed o n a trial b asis fo r selected LVC co u n tries. Th e o b jective o f a R M P at co u n try level is to
d esig n an d im p lem en t an in teg rated an d o verall strateg y fo r co st-effective p h aseo u t o f O D S refrig eran ts,
w h ich co n sid ers an d evalu ates all altern ative tech n ical an d p o licy o p tio n s. Pro jects p revio u sly im p lem en ted
in iso latio n fro m o n e an o th er are th u s p art o f an o verall ap p ro ach syn ch ro n ized fo r o p tim al resu lts. N o te
th at th e R M P co n cep t m ay also b e u sed as a m an ag em en t to o l at co m p an y level.
Ref ri gerat i on
in th is d o cu m en t d escrib es all kin d s o f eq u ip m en t b ased o n a refrig eran t circu it in clu d in g air-co n d itio n in g
an d as far as ap p licab le to Article 5 co u n tries th e h eat p u m p ap p licatio n s as w ell.
Repl acement
m ean s th e rem o val o f th e existin g an d in stallatio n o f a n ew co m p resso r b ased o n an altern ative refrig eran t.
Ret rof i t t i ng
m ean s th e co n versio n o f a refrig eratio n system to an altern ative refrig eran t. U n like a rep lacem en t, o n ly p arts
o f co m p o n en ts o f th e existin g system m ay n eed to b e rep laced .
Ser vi ci ng
in th is d o cu m en t sh all in clu d e all kin d o f w o rk w h ich m ay b e p erfo rm ed b y a service tech n ician , fro m
in stallatio n , o p eratio n s, in sp ectio n , rep air, retro fittin g , red esig n an d d e-co m m issio n in g o f refrig eratio n
system s to h an d lin g , sto rag e, R &R o f refrig eran ts as w ell as reco rd -keep in g .
Vent i ng
m ean s a service p ractice w h ere th e refrig eran t vap o r is allo w ed to escap e in to th e atm o sp h ere after th e
refrig eran t liq u id h as b een reco vered . Th is p ractice is n o lo n g er accep tab le.
An n exes
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Annex J: Cont act addresses
Mul t i l at eral Fund Secret ari at
D r. O m ar E l Arin i, C h ief O fficer
Secretariat o f th e M u ltilateral Fu n d fo r th e M o n treal Pro to co l
2 7 th Flo o r, M o n treal Tru st B u ild in g
1 8 0 0 M cG ill C o lleg e Aven u e
M o n treal
Q u eb ec
H 3 A 6 J 6
C an ad a
Tel: 1 ) 5 1 4 2 8 2 1 1 2 2
Fax: 1 ) 5 1 4 2 8 2 0 0 6 8
E m ail: m leyva@ u n m fs. o rg
Impl ement i ng Agenci es
M s J acq u elin e Alo isi d e Lard erel, D irecto r
U N E P IE O zo n Actio n Pro g ram m e
3 9 -4 3 , q u ai An d re C itro n
7 5 7 3 9 Paris C ed ex 1 5
Fran ce
Tel: 3 3 -1 ) 4 4 3 7 1 4 5 0
Fax: 3 3 -1 ) 4 4 3 7 1 4 7 4
WWW: h ttp : //w w w. u n ep ie. o rg /o zo n actio n . h tm l
M r Fran k Pin to , Prin cip al Tech n ical Ad viser an d C h ief
M o n treal Pro to co l U n it
U n ited N atio n s D evelo p m en t Pro g ram m e
1 U n ited N atio n s Plaza
U n ited N atio n s
N ew Yo rk, N . Y. 1 0 0 1 7
U n ited States
Tel: 1 ) 2 1 2 9 0 6 5 0 4 2
Fax: 1 ) 2 1 2 9 0 6 6 9 4 7
E m ail: fran k. p in to @ u n d p . o rg
M r. An g elo D Am b ro sio , M an ag in g D irecto r
In d u strial Secto rs an d E n viro n m en t D ivisio n
U n ited N atio n s In d u strial D evelo p m en t O rg an izatio n
Vien n a In tern atio n al C en tre
P. O . B o x 3 0 0
A-1 4 0 0 Vien n a
Au stria
Tel: 4 3 ) 1 2 1 1 3 1 3 7 8 2
Fax: 4 3 ) 1 2 3 0 7 4 4 9
E m ail: m w ath ie@ u n id o . o rg
74
C h ief, M o n treal Pro to co l U n it
Wo rld B an k
1 8 1 8 H Street N . W.
Wash in g to n , D . C . 2 0 4 3 3
U n ited States
Tel: 1 ) 2 0 2 4 7 3 1 2 3 4
Fax: 1 ) 2 0 2 5 2 2 3 2 5 6
E m ail: kn ew co m b e@ w o rld b an k. o rg
UNEP Ozone Secret ari at
M r. K . M . Sarm a, E xecu tive Secretary
U N E P O zo n e Secretariat
PO B o x 3 0 5 5 2
N airo b i
Ken ya
Tel: 2 5 4 2 ) 6 2 3 8 5 5
Fax: 2 5 4 2 ) 6 2 3 9 1 3
E m ail: m ad h ava. sarm a@ u n ep . n o
WWW: h ttp : //w w w. u n ep . o rg /u n ep /secretar/o zo n e/h o m e. h tm l
An n exes
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Annex K: UNEP OzonAct i on Programme
About t he UNEP IE OzonAct i on Programme
N atio n s aro u n d th e w o rld are co n cern ed ab o u t th e em issio n s o f m an -m ad e C FC s, h alo n s, carb o n
tetrach lo rid e, m eth yl ch lo ro fo rm , m eth yl b ro m id e an d o th er o zo n e-d ep letin g su b stan ces O D S) th at h ave
d am ag ed th e strato sp h eric o zo n e layer a sh ield aro u n d th e E arth w h ich p ro tects life fro m d an g ero u s
u ltravio let rad iatio n fro m th e Su n . M o re th an 1 6 0 co u n tries h ave co m m itted th em selves u n d er th e M o n treal
Pro to co l to p h ase o u t th e u se an d p ro d u ctio n o f th ese su b stan ces. R eco g n izin g th e sp ecial n eed s o f
d evelo p in g co u n tries, th e Parties to th e Pro to co l also estab lish ed a M u ltilateral Fu n d an d ap p o in ted
im p lem en tin g ag en cies to p ro vid e tech n ical an d fin an cial assistan ce to en ab le th e d evelo p in g co u n tries to
m eet th eir co m m itm en ts u n d er th e treaty. U N E P is o n e o f th e Fu n d s im p lem en tin g ag en cies; th e o th ers
are U N D P, U N ID O an d th e Wo rld B an k.
Sin ce 1 9 9 1 , th e U N E P IE O zo n Actio n Pro g ram m e in Paris h as b een stren g th en in g th e cap acity o f
g o vern m en ts esp ecially N atio n al O zo n e U n its an d in d u stry in d evelo p in g co u n tries to m ake in fo rm ed
d ecisio n s o n tech n o lo g y an d p o licy o p tio n s th at w ill resu lt in co st-effective O D S p h ase-o u t activities w ith
m in im al extern al in terven tio n . Th e Pro g ram m e acco m p lish es th is b y d eliverin g a ran g e o f n eed -b ased
services, in clu d in g :
Inf ormat i on exchange
to enable decision makers to take informed decisions on policies and investments. Information and
management tools already provided for developing countries include the OzonAction Information
Clearinghouse (OAIC) diskette and World Wide Web site, a quarterly newsletter, sector-specific
technical publications for identifying and selecting alternative technologies, and policy guidelines.
Trai ni ng and net w orki ng
that provide platforms for exchanging experiences, developing skills, and tapping the expertise of peers
and other experts in the global ozone protection community. Training and network workshops build skills
for implementing and managing phase-out activities, and are conducted at the regional level (support
is also extended to national activities). The Programme currently operates seven regional and sub-
regional Networks of ODS Officers comprising more than 80 countries, which have resulted in member
countries taking early steps to implement the Montreal Protocol.
Count r y Programmes and Inst i t ut i onal St rengt heni ng
that support the development of national ODS phase-out strategies and programmes, especially for low-
volume ODS-consuming countries. The Programme currently assists 74 countries in the development of
their Country Programmes and implements Institutional-Strengthening projects for 50 countries.
For more i nf ormat i on about t hese ser vi ces pl ease cont act :
U N E P IE O zo n actio n Pro g ram m e
3 9 -4 3 q u ai An d r C itro n
7 5 7 3 9 Paris C ed ex 1 5
Fran ce
Tel: +3 3 -1 ) 4 4 3 7 1 4 5 0
Fax: +3 3 -1 ) 4 4 3 7 1 4 7 4
h ttp : //w w w. u n ep ie. o rg /o zo n actio n . h tm l
76
About UNEP Indust r y and Envi ronment
U N E P estab lish ed its In d u stry an d E n viro n m en t o ffice U N E P IE ) in 1 9 7 5 to b rin g in d u stry an d
g o vern m en t to g eth er to p ro m o te en viro n m en tally-so u n d in d u strial d evelo p m en t. U N E P IE is
lo cated in Paris. Its g o als are:
- to en co u rag e th e in co rp o ratio n o f en viro n m en tal criteria in in d u strial d evelo p m en t p lan s;
- to facilitate th e im p lem en tatio n o f p ro ced u res an d p rin cip les fo r th e p ro tectio n o f th e
en viro n m en t;
- to p ro m o te p reven tive en viro n m en tal p ro tectio n th ro u g h clean er p ro d u ctio n an d o th er
p ro -active ap p ro ach es; an d
- to stim u late th e exch an g e o f in fo rm atio n an d exp erien ce th ro u g h o u t th e w o rld .
To ach ieve th ese g o als, U N E P IE h as d evelo p ed th e fo llo w in g m ain p ro g ram m e elem en ts:
Accid en t Preven tio n APE LL) , C lean er Pro d u ctio n , E n erg y, O zo n Actio n , In d u strial Po llu tio n
M an ag em en t an d To u rism . U N E P IE o rg an izes co n feren ces an d sem in ars, an d u n d ertakes
train in g an d co o p erative activities b acked b y reg u lar fo llo w -u p an d assessm en t. To p ro m o te th e
tran sfer o f in fo rm atio n an d th e sh arin g o f kn o w led g e an d exp erien ce, U N E P IE h as d evelo p ed
th ree co m p lem en tary to o ls: tech n ical rep o rts, th e q u arterly In d u stry an d E n viro n m en t review
an d a tech n ical q u ery-resp o n se service.
An n exes
77
39- 43 QUAI AN
75739 PARIS C
TEL : ( 33) 01 4
FAX : ( 33) 01 4
EMAIL : unepi
ht t p: / / www. une
UNEP
UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME
INDUSTRYAND ENVIRONMENT
39-43. QUAI ANDRE CITROEN
75739 PARIS CEDEX 15 - FRANCE
TEL : (33) 01 44 37 14 50
FAX : (33) 01 44 37 14 74
E-MAIL : unepie@unep.fr
http://www.unepie.org/home.html
UNEP
READER FEEDBACK
GUIDEBOOK FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF CODES OF GOOD PRACTICE
All of the information services offered by UNEP IEs OzonAction Programme under the Multilateral
Fund are designed to meet the specific needs of target readers such as yourself. In order for us to
determine if this publication adequately meet your needs, as well as to help us to develop new
publications in the future, we request your feedback about its utility, content and format. Please take
a few minutes to express your opinion about this publication, so that we may serve you better in
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UNEP w ould like t o t hank you for complet ing t his quest ionnaire. Please airmail or fax t o:
UNEP Indust r y and Envi ronment ,
OzonAct i on Programme
Tour Mi rabeau, 39-43 quai Andr Ci t ron,
75739 Pari s Cedex 15, France
Tel : (33-1) 44 37 14 50, Fax: (33-1) 44 37 14 74

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GUIDEBOOK FOR

3 - Syst em operat i on and mai nt enance

Pract i ces t o el i mi nat e:

U N E P IE O zo n Actio n Pro g ram m e 1 9 9 8

Pract i ces t o el i mi nat e:

U N E P IE O zo n Actio n Pro g ram m e 1 9 9 8

11 - Trai ni ng and cer t i f i cat i on

13 - Cont act addresses and hi nt s

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