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Vessel
Functions of GV: The Sea of Yang
Areas of Infuence: back, spine, back of neck and
head
Tonifes KI yang and strengthens the Bac
!"#els $ind
Internal or External
%ourishes the S#ine and Brain
Calms fear, Disperses grief, Relieves depression
Su&&ary of #oint actions
Treats diseases of the anus' rectu& and
intestines
Treats diseases of the genitals' urinary
syste& and uterus
Treats disorders of the s#ine
Treats fe(rile diseases and reduces )eat
Treats diseases of the *ang fu
Treats disorders of !"terior or Interior $ind
Treats disorders of the sense organs
Treats disorders of the )eart
Treats disorders of the Brain and S#irit
GV is the channel that &ediates (et+een the
Brain and the )eart
The Governor Vessel ,hannel
-ain ,hannel
1. The Du ai
originates in the
uterus!lo"er
abdomen,
descends as a
deep path"a# to
the genitals and
perineum to meet
C$ 1, then goes to
the tip of the
cocc#x.
%. The Du ai
surfaces at the tip
of the cocc#x &'$
1( and travels up
the spine and over
the head to '$ %)
on the upper gum.
*. +t '$ 1,, &the
nape of the neck( a branch enters the brain, then emerges at the
vertex &'$ %-( to .oin
the main path"a#.
/. 0rom '$ 1%, deep bilateral branches go to 12 1% and then re.oin the
main path"a# at '$ 1*.
3ome texts attribute other path"a#s to the Du ai4
1. + branch from the cocc#x to the gluteal region, meeting the 1ladder
and 5idne# meridians before returning to the spine and the kidne#s.
&D4 originates in the lo"er abdomen, descends to the genitals and
perineum, "inds around the anus, ascends the interior of the spinal
column, and enters the kidne#s(
%. T"o bilateral branches form the medial canthus of the e#e &12 1(,
ascending the forehead to meet at the vertex, then descending
through the brain and the neck to run parallel "ith the spine do"n
to the kidne#s.
*. + branch from the lo"er abdomen ascending through the umbilicus,
heart and trachea, then crossing the cheek, encircling the mouth,
and ending .ust inferior to the center of the e#e.
6age 1*1 'overnor $essel
The Governor Vessel ,hannel
.uo ,hannel
The luo channel arises at '$ 1 and ascends bilaterall# along the
sides of the spine to the nape of the neck and spreads over the
occiput.
+t the scapular region it connects "ith the 1ladder channel and
threads through the spine.
GV / .ong Strength
!ntry #oint' 0eunion #oint' 1u -o
2 34/3
.ocation 7n the posterior median line
+t the tip of the cocc#x
8R9
Midway between the tip of the coccyx and the anus
Note: This point has historically been described as at the end
of the coccyx, but
or the ease of needling is now located as above.
To locate this point, have the patient in a lateral recumbent
position, with the knees
fexed and pulled up towards the chin.
T!
%eedling :- insertion .;<1 cun
Function 5 !ntry #oint
5 0eunion: GV' ,V' GB' .0' KI 64.0 acc7 to 18
5 .uo #oint of the GV
= Calms the 3pirit
D,
= Resolves Damp<>eat
= Treats hemorrhoids
D
= Disperses s"elling and alleviates pain
1
= Recti?es intestinal @i and arrests diarrhea
1
= 1ene?ts the t"o lo"er #in
D
= +ctivates the channel and alleviates pain
D,1
= Regulates '$ A C$
= >armoniBes #in and #ang
1
%a&e .ong Strength
,hang: long &in space or time(C
Dhang4 to gro"C to excelC to lead
9iang: strong, forcefulC stiE
1eing associated "ith
#ang, the '$ is both long
and strong. +s this is the
?rst point on the vessel, it
can represent the entiret#
of it.
If the '$ is "eak, the
"hole bod# is "eak. If it is
replete, the spine is stiE. 1# treating such conditions, '$ 1
controls or leads the strength of the entire bod#.
:ther
The name refers to this pointFs role in giving strength and
vitalit# to the "hole spinal column and the '$. ItFs a ver#
po"erful point that reinforces the personFs total energ#.
This point is a "a# to bring in energ# from the heavens and
resurrect the oGcials.
Alternate %a&es: 8ue 1one, 6eg
1one, End 1one, 3acral 1one,
3acrum +bove, Tail 5ing?sher
1one, Tail aggot 1one, 0ish Tail,
Tortoise Tail, Tortoise Tail 2ong
1order, Tail 6alm Hi Cleft, Iin
Cleft, CaoFs Ravine Road, River
Cart Road, Dragon Tiger, Dragon
and Tiger point, >eaven"ard<
2ooking 3ummit, 3tair"a# to
GV / .ong Strength
Jse for instabilit#, lack of coordination, and lack of
cooperation.
Jse "hen the person is completel# distraughtKit feels like
the#Fre going to blo" their top.
ItFs similar to '$ 1%Kboth give resolution to the spirit. It
gives vitalit# and strengths and makes it available.
GV / .ong Strength
This point resuscitates.
ItFs ver# good for 3 and great "ith moxa
Jse locall# for "eakness in the bottom of the spine, vaginal,
urterine and anal prolapse.
It strengthens the lo"er back and #ou might sedate it if the
person is in a lot of pain and is ver# rigid.
8'4 This point is about #our fundamental connection to #our
o"n root of po"er in the universe manifesting as strength,
survival, passion and sexualit#. It provides strength to the
spine to stand up in the "orld. It brings the po"er to see
things through and the abilit# to hold stead# in the face of
adversit# and in.ustice. It gives a person to the abilit# to
hold oneFs o"n in the presence of anotherFs opinion. It gives
the abilit# to see diGcult# as a teacher, to see be#ond the
present diGcult#. 5I, 2R, '$ reunite here. ItFs like a kick in
the butt. Jse for chronic "eakness "ith '$ %- &raises @i
above the ab#ss making ne" vision possible(. 9hen this is
not connected there is an absence of up"ard energ#. LI
donFt have "hat I need to get throughMN
GV ; .u&(ar ,orres#ondence
1u -o 243 34/3
.ocation 7n the posterior median line
+t the sacrococc#geal articulation
8R9
"n the sacro#coccygeal articulation, at the sacral hiatus
T!
%eedling /; superior insertion .;<1 cun
Function = 3trengthens the knees and lumbus
1,D,
= Expels 9ind<damp
1,D,
= 9arms the lo"er .iao
1
= Calms spasms and convulsions
= Dispels "ind<damp
D
= Regulates the lo"er .iao
D
= Dispels cold<damp in the lo"er
burner
1
= 9arms the blood chamber and palace of essence
1
%a&e<!0 .u&(ar Yang =ass
Yao: lumbus, lo"er backC
kidne#C
"aist
Yang: #ang, the
complement of #in
Guan: 'ate, pass. If there
is a gate, it is either open or closed. 1ut even if it is closed, it is
still the onl# "a# to go in. 3ometimes #ou are stopped and
cannot enter, but it is the onl# right "a# to enter. This
character ma# have meaning to close or to shutC to connect or
cut<oE.
This is a gate for the #ang in the lumbar area. +t the level of
this point, "e have the root of the backbone, the sacrum. 9e
are at the ver# beginning of the articulated bones making the
backbone. There is a passage of the #ang, a kind of regulation
of all the #ang in this area. It is a passage also, in that it gives
the abilit# to move to the next point, "hich is the ing en. +ll
the #ang is coming back to the origin, creating a kind of rooting
of the right use of the #ang in the bod# and the function of the
Du ai.
This point gives strengths to the legs. &There is another point
'1 ** that has almost this exact name <<<Qi Iang 'uan. This
point also gives strength to the lo"er part of the bod#.( This
point has an eEect locall#, but also supports the action of the
#ang throughout the bod#. There is special activit# in this point
to sustain the #ang of the 2I, as "e are the same level of the
3hu point for 2I. Du ai is able to support the regulation of the
#ang of the corresponding 3hu points, but "ith a diEerent
implication than the actual 3hu point. 0or example, for the 2I at
this level, this point maintains the normal level of temperature
GV 2 .oins Yang Border
regulation and circulation of this area and treats all manner of
2I<related s#mptoms. This point is more used to increase the
#ang and the circulation of the #ang.
This is a point recentl# added to the Du ai. This point "as
certainl# used, but onl# included recentl# &11
th
centur#( on the
Du ai.
:ther
This point is a passage"a# from the loins to the legs. ItFs
good for lo" back problems aEecting the legs and knees
&i.e. sciatica(.
This point regulates #in and #ang and acts as important .oint
or hinge that inOuences the backFs mobilit#.
GV A Gate of .ife
,hong -o' 1u -o 2 ?4/3
.ocation 7n the posterior median line
In the depression bet"een the %
nd
and *
rd
lumbar vertebra
8R9
%eedling :- insertion .;<1 cun
> The s#inal canal lies (et+een /7;3 and /7?3 cun dee#
to the sin surface' varying
according to (ody (uild >
%ote: According to a nu&(er of classics' this #oint is
contraindicated for &o"a to those
under ;B years old7
Function
= 1anks the origin and supplements the 5I
1,D
= 3trengthens the lo"er back
D,
= 1ene?ts 8ing
,1
A
stops vaginal discharge
1
= Toni?es 5idne# #ang
= Pourishes Iuan @i
= Expels cold
= 0orti?es the 36
D
= Drains Damp
1,D
= Resolves Damp<>eat
= Clears >eat
1
= Regulates the middle .iao
D
= Treats .aundice
D
= Regulates the 2R and '1
= oves @i
= Recti?es @i
1
= 0rees the channels and @uickens the connecting vessels
1
%a&e !"tre&ity of Yang
Fhi: extremeC to reach, to arrive
Yang: #ang, the complement of
#in
Alternate %a&es: 1ottom of
the 2ung
'$ : is located on the upper back, "hich is the most #ang
aspect of the bod#C it is on the '$, "hich is the
commander of #ang @iC and it is positioned belo" the
seventh vertebra, seven being a number associated "ith
#ang. 0or all of these reasons, the point is considered to
be #ang "ithin #ang or the Lextremit# of #ang.N
:ther
The '$ is the most predominantl# #ang vessel of the
bod#. This is the most #ang point on the upper back on
'$. It is connected "ith the ver# source of #ang
energ#.
This point has to do "ith energ#, vitalit#, movement
and heat. It should be used to bring about resurgence
in the #angKand onl# if that is "hat is needed.
GV H It&ost Yang
It is almost a horar# point for the '$. It relates to '$
like '$ ) does to the 2iver.
ItFs the spineFs .ob to hold ever#one up<<use "hen
there is aching in the bones.
'$ :, 1-, 11 take the patient to a "onderful place.
The# part the heavens and sho" them a place to be.
Iou must be ver# ver# careful "hen using this point.
The patient must be near balanced because it takes
the energ# to a higher place.
GV /B Su#ernatural To+er
1u -o D 24?
.ocation 7n the posterior median line
In the depression bet"een the ,
th
and T
th
thoracic vertebra
8R9
%eedling /; superior insertion .;<1 cun
%ote: According to several classics' this #oint is
contraindicated to needling7
> The s#inal canal lies (et+een /7;3 and /7?3 cun dee#
to the sin surface' varying
according to (ody (uild >
Function = DiEuses the 2J and suppresses cough
1
= +lleviates cough and "heeBing
D
= Clears >eat and detoxi?es poison
D
= 0rees the channels and @uickens the connecting vessel
1
%a&e S#irit To+er
.ing: spirit, supernatural
Tai: terrace, platform, to"er
9en 9ang, and emperor of the Dhou D#nast#, built a to"er he
called ling tai, the 3pirit To"er, from "hich he could look out
over all his territor#. The term ling has b# extension come to
mean the faculties of reason or the mind. In Chinese thought
the heart and mind are nearl# s#nomous, thus ling is also
representative of the heart. The 8in C anon con?rms this
interpretation in a passage that states4 LTaoist texts consider
the heart to be the 3pirit To"er.N This point is located belo" the
>eart +E6.
.C In Daoism, ling tai is a term that refers to the heart. encius
recounts the tale of ho" the multitudes Oocked to 5ing 9an as
is the# "ere his children, and built his ling tai Lspiritual to"erN
in one da#. This is a prime example of the eGcaciousness of the
sage. The people re.oiced to do this "ork because the sage, like
the ancients, Lcaused the people to have pleasure as "ell as
themselves.N This to"er brings to mind the Daoist folktale of
the forlorn governor "ho could not see over the trees
surrounding his residence. Thus, he built a to"er that "ould
enable him to gain perspective on his kingdom. >ence, '$ 1-
ma# be considered as a point that facilitates perspective and
penetrating insight to the heart.
:ther
'$ 1- is 2ing Tai and '$ 11 is 3hen Tao. IouFve done the
spade "ork and the person is read# to let go of past life stuE
and move for"ard. This is the 3T *, on '$. Jse it for
strengthening the heart and mind.
9ith this point "eFre looking at the heart, heart protector
and lung disorders.
GV /B Su#ernatural To+er
This point can bring a feeling of unit#. It can help the patient
gain perspective. ItFs good if a person is confused because it
helps them see "hat needs to be done.
DonFt do this point too earl#. It can be the icing on the cake.
DonFt be afraid of it, .ust be cautious. DonFt do it on
someone "hoFs Lout to lunch.N
The point name refers to the pointFs position on a platform
one vertebra belo" the place "here the spirit emanates
from the heart and its related points &'$ 11, 12 1;, 12 *:(
GV // S#irit =ath
1u -o' First Aid D 243
.ocation 7n the posterior median line
In the depression bet"een the ;
th
and ,
th
thoracic
vertebra
8R9
%eedling /; superior insertion .;<1 cun
%ote: According to several classics' this #oint is
contraindicated to needling7
> The s#inal canal lies (et+een /7;3 and /7?3 cun
dee# to the sin surface' varying
according to (ody (uild >
Function 5 First Aid: (ites' convulsions' insensi(ility' ra(ies
= Clears the >eart
,1
= Calms the 3pirit
D,,1
= Toni?es the >T and 2J
D
= Clears >eat
D
and paci?es 9ind
D,1
%a&e S#irit =ath
Shen: spirit
1ao: path, road, "a#
Alternate %a&e: visceral shu
'$ 11 is located bet"een the t"o >eart +E6s. The heart
can be treated through this point. 1ecause the heart stores
the spirit, '$ 11 can be said to be a path to the spirit or a
Lspirit path.N
.C 7ne ma# become addicted to the insight aEorded b# peak
states of a"areness. If one does not come do"n LoE the
mountainN &see '$ 1-( and make use of oneFs kno"ledge
in the "orld, then of "hat use is the "isdom ac@uired
thereU The shock of divorce, loss of a loved one, or even
receiving a terminal diagnosis ma# shake up oneFs vie" of
realit# in a "a# that provides a glimpse of original nature.
This glimpse occasionall# seems to produce a high, or a
manic reaction. This reaction ma# be characteriBed b# the
momentar# experience of an all<empo"ering vision of the
signi?cance and interrelationships of the events in oneFs
life. This vision ma# be experienced in a "a# that "as
previousl# hidden b# oneFs erroneous interpretation of
realit#. 'enerall#, the patient experiencing this vision
appears inappropriatel# happ#, given the seriousness of
the event, in a "a# that might be interpreted as denial. I
have often used this point "ith '$ 1- for @uieting the
heart and sedating tendencies to"ard mania.
GV // S#irit =ath
:ther
This point is in the area of the 3upreme Controller. It
accesses the spirit path of the patient and creates an
unfolding in the personFs life.
This point regulates the heart, calms the spirit and
relaxes the chest. ItFs good for cardiac disorders.
GV /; Body =illar
1u -o A 342B
.ocation 7n the posterior median line
In the depression bet"een the *
rd
and /
th
thoracic
vertebra
8R9
%eedling T- superior insertion .;<1 cun
> The s#inal canal lies (et+een /7;3 and /7?3 cun
dee# to the sin surface' varying
according to (ody (uild >
Function = Eliminates interior 9ind
D,
= Calms spasms
= Clears construction
1
%a&e Body =illar
Shen: bod#, person
Fhu: pillar, postC support
Alternate %a&es: 9isdomFs
+dvantage >air,
9isdomFs +dvantage Hi,
9isdomFs
+dvantage +rmor, Dust Hi
:ther
This point strengthens the spine and holds it erect. It
brings vital energ# to that area and gives LbackboneN
"hen someone is collapsing. It also helps to keep
ad.ustments in place.
It is a pillar for the spirit. In the 13 it gives a strength
and resurrection of the spirit. ItFs a ver# valuable point
for reinforcement and helps hold the person straight
and upright.
3ometimes #ou can see the state of the bod# pillar b#
the "a# someone holds him!herself
Jse if a person is debilitated b# chronic illness and the
personFs LpillarN is crumbling.
Jse moxa if the person is cold, inert, and "eak to bring
back the governor @ualit# of guidance.
If there is real rigidit#!pain!heat #ou might sedate it.
8'4 This point gives strength to the mind to hold its
o"n path. It accesses the heavenl# impulse that
GV /; Body =illar
de?nes our path. Jse for people "ho are easil#
s"a#ed. It also strengthens the immune s#stem. It
provides upright @i, contributes to fortitude and aids
alignment.
GV /2 Kiln =ath
1u -o' 0eunion #oint A 34/B
.ocation 7n the posterior median line
In the depression bet"een the 1
st
and %
nd
thoracic
vertebra
8R9
"t may be helpful to have the patient fex the neck.
T!
%eedling T- superior insertion .;<1 cun
> The s#inal canal lies (et+een /7;3 and /7?3 cun
dee# to the sin surface' varying
according to (ody (uild >
Function 5 0eunion: GV' B.
= Clears >eat
D,
and treats malaria
D
= Releases the Exterior
,1
= Regulates 3hao Iang &12!3I(
= Regulates '$
D
= Clears 2J >eat
1
= 3upplements vacuit# detriment
1
%a&e Kiln =ath
Tao: kilnC pleased or happ#
1ao: path, road, "a#
:ther
This is the path!road to happiness
5iln refers to the ceramic amulets the Taoists "ore to
"ard oE evil spirits.
This point is the start of the spiritual ascent to the
head.
8'4 This point is the road to happiness. It assumes a
foundation is there<<<no" ho" do I raise this person to
a higher plane of consciousnessU ItFs good for
articulation of the head.
GV /A Great )a&&er
1u -o' 0eunion' First Aid A 34/3
.ocation 7n the posterior median line
In the depression bet"een the T
th
cervical and 1
st
thoracic
vertebra
8R9
"t may be helpful to have the patient fex the neck.
T!
%eedling T- superior insertion .;<1 cun
> The s#inal canal lies (et+een /7;3 and /7?3 cun
dee# to the sin surface' varying
according to (ody (uild >
Function 5 0eunion: all yang &eridians J GV
5 First Aid: colds
= Clears >eat
D,
= Releases the Exterior
,1
= Expels 9ind
D,
and ?rms the Exterior
D
= Clears the 3pirit
,1
and clears the >eart
1
= Toni?es Iang
= Toni?es de?cienc#
D
%a&e Great )a&&er
1a: great, big, large
Fhui: hammer, malletC vertebra
Alternate %a&e: >undred
Taxations
:ther
7ften, even "hen #ou are on the right C0 the oGcials
donFt respond. This point shakes up the oGcialsKitFs
like giving them a kick in the butt and telling them to
get moving. Jse this point onl# "hen the patient is
read#.
ItFs a reunion of #ang "ith '$ and is "here all of the
deep reserves pour out. ItVs a more direct link to the
meridians than '$ %).
3pinous processes "ere kno"n as hammers and CT is
the biggest hammer.
This point "ill, "hen using moxa, blo" a fever or cold
over in %/ hours.
Jse is acute illness, upper respirator# invasion of cold
and "ind. 3edate this point if there is an acute attack.
8'4 If #ou are @uestioning the patient4 L9h# arenFt #ou
getting thisUN then use this point. ItFs good for
GV /A Great )a&&er
articulation of the head. Jse "hen a #ang de?cienc#
sho"s up on the pulses. There ma# be a dullness
about "ho the# are and their process in life. Jse "hen
substance is .ust sitting. ItFs like sa#ing4 9+5E J6W
GV /3 Gate of 1u&(ness
1u -o' Yang $ei -o' Sea of -arro+
2 D
.ocation 7n the posterior median line
In the depression bet"een the 1
st
and %
nd
cervical vertebra
8R9
"n the depression between the $
st
and %
nd
cervical
vertebra
.& cun superior to the posterior hairline
Note: the diagrams of the measurement of the head in
Meridians and 'oints follow
medical literal prior to the (ong )ynasty, which places )*
$& on the posterior
hairline. !ll subse+uent texts measure $% cun from the
posterior hairline to the
anterior hairline, but locate )* $& in the depression .&
cun superior to the posterior
hairline and )* $, $ cun superior to the hairline.
T!
%eedling :- insertion slightl# inferiorl#, .;<1 cun
%ote: According to several te"ts' this #oint is
contraindicated to &o"a7
> The s#inal canal lies (et+een /7;3 and /7?3 cun
dee# to the sin surface' varying
according to (ody (uild 1ee# HB insertion is
therefore strictly contraindicated' as is
su#erior o(liKue insertion to+ards the (rain >
Function 5 Sea of -arro+
= Clears the 3pirit
,1
= 3timulates speech
treats muteness
D
= 1ene?ts the tongue
D
= Eliminates 9ind
D
= 1ene?ts the neck and spine
D
= Disinhibits the .oints
1
= 0rees the portal s and connecting vessel
1
%a&e -uteLs Gate
Ya: a mute
-en: gate, door
Alternate %a&es: 2oss of
$oice 'ate, Tongue
Root, Tongue 3"elling, 7pposite
the Tongue,
TongueFs >oriBontal, Tongue
Repression, Repressed Tongue
GV /3 Gate of 1u&(ness
:ther
Jse this point for problems of the voice and speech.
3hallo" needling and no moxa.
Jse "ith careW
GV /E $ind =alace
Sea of -arro+' $indo+ of the Sy
2 D
1u -o' Yang $ei -o
.ocation 7n the median line of the head
8ust inferior to the base of the occipital bone
X +CI superior to '$ 1; &1 +CI superior to the posterior
hairline(
8R9
%eedling :- insertion slightl# inferiorl#, .;<1 cun
%ote: According to several te"ts' this #oint is
contraindicated to &o"a7
> The s#inal canal lies (et+een /7;3 and /7?3 cun
dee# to the sin surface' varying
according to (ody (uild 1ee# HB insertion is
therefore strictly contraindicated' as is
su#erior o(liKue insertion to+ards the (rain >
Function 5 Sea of -arro+
5 $indo+ of the Sy
5 :ne of the /2 Ghost #oints
= Eliminates 9ind
,D,1
= Clears the 3pirit
,D,1
= 1ene?ts the brain
= 6romotes resuscitation