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The document discusses several key events and developments during the Reconstruction Era after the American Civil War:
1) The Black Codes restricted the movement and rights of freed black Americans in southern states.
2) The Freedmen's Bureau was established to oversee relations between former slaves and masters and help former slaves transition to freedom.
3) The Fourteenth Amendment established equal protection under the law and citizenship but did not fund the Confederate war debt.
4) Andrew Johnson was impeached for opposing Congressional Reconstruction plans.
The document discusses several key events and developments during the Reconstruction Era after the American Civil War:
1) The Black Codes restricted the movement and rights of freed black Americans in southern states.
2) The Freedmen's Bureau was established to oversee relations between former slaves and masters and help former slaves transition to freedom.
3) The Fourteenth Amendment established equal protection under the law and citizenship but did not fund the Confederate war debt.
4) Andrew Johnson was impeached for opposing Congressional Reconstruction plans.
The document discusses several key events and developments during the Reconstruction Era after the American Civil War:
1) The Black Codes restricted the movement and rights of freed black Americans in southern states.
2) The Freedmen's Bureau was established to oversee relations between former slaves and masters and help former slaves transition to freedom.
3) The Fourteenth Amendment established equal protection under the law and citizenship but did not fund the Confederate war debt.
4) Andrew Johnson was impeached for opposing Congressional Reconstruction plans.
A) restricted emigration of freedmen to the north B) provided political and social opportunities unknown under slavery C) stopped lees invasion of the north D) stopped the way for the Union to take Richmond E) prevented blacks from migrating to the West
2. The main purpose of the Freedmen's Bureau was to A) oversee relations between former masters and slaves B) implement the process of land redistribution C) deny access to legal redress for white southerners D) punish former slave holders E) get the fourteenth amendment passed
3. All of the following were part of the Fourteenth Amendment except it A) gave all citizens equal protection of the law B) funded the Confederate war debt C) created a constitutional definition of citizenship D) gave Congress broad powers to enforce the amendment E) provided for equal protection under the law
4. The Tenure of Office Act A) angered congressmen by limiting their terms to two years B) stated that a president could only hold office while in good standing C) required Senate approval before the president could remove a cabinet member D) was designed to implement the spoils system E) limited the president to two term in office
5. The impeachment of Andrew Johnson was A) because of crimes and misdemeanors committed while he was president B) the first time a president was forced to resign C) in retaliation for his opposition to congressional reconstruction D) because of his failure to appoint a vice president E) because of his affair with an office worker
6. All of the following statements regarding the Fifteenth Amendment are true except it A) prohibited states from denying the right to vote on grounds of race or color B) was popular among northern women C) encountered much resistance in the white south D) was part of the congressional reconstruction plan E) was required by Congress that southern states ratify it
7. The main purpose of the Ku Klux Klan during the Reconstruction was to A) destroy the Republican Party in the South B) deny freedmen equal protection under the law C) return black Americans to slavery D) dismantle the Democratic Party E) take the South out of the Union
8. By the mid-1870s, northern Americans had grown increasingly A) supportive of the governments efforts to restructure the South B) convinced that black Americans needed further protection from racist southern governments C) weary of the turmoil of southern politics D) weary of the federal government's failure to restructure the South E) supportive of black immigration to the North to meet their labor needs and to stop the upheaval in the south
9. Which of the following was not a part of the Compromise of 1877? A) removal of federal troops from southern states B) appointment of a southern vice president C) federal aid for a southern railroad D) federal appropriations to rebuild war-destroyed levees E) appointment of a southern postmaster general
10. Scalawags were A) northerners who attempted to finance economic enterprises in the postwar South B) southern blacks attempting to exert their newly acquired political power C) white, southern-born Republicans D) white southerners who opposed reconstruction policies E) criminals who stole public funds during Reconstruction
11. Radical Republicans objected to Lincoln's initial Reconstruction plan because it A) offered a presidential pardon to former Confederate political and military leaders B) did not require the establishment of educational opportunities for freed people C) restored the political rights of white men who had fought against the Union D) was too difficult to enforce E) gave too many rights to freedmen
12. Andrew Johnson was all of the following except A) a southern democrat B) the only senator from a confederate state who did not support the Confederacy C) a supporter of yeoman farmers D) a white supremacist E) a strong supporter of the planter aristocracy
13. Which of the following is a characteristic of the post-Civil War southern labor system A) black workers preferred working in gangs as they had done under slavery B) the new system of sharecropping evolved C) foreign immigrants were brought in to replace slave laborers D) most ex-slaves purchased land and often employed their former masters E) the economy quickly recovered from the ravishes of war
14. The Compromise of 1877 signified A) a renewal of federal support for the civil rights of all Americans B) the end of Reconstruction C) the beginning of the Industrial Revolution in the United States D) the decline of Democratic Party control of congress E) the end of the spoils system
The ones pushing for more reforms in the South in favor of African Americans were the: Radical Republicans
The election of 1868: witnessed the election of southerners to important congressional positions
During the Reconstruction Period: the illiteracy rate among southern blacks was reduced significantly
The majority of southern republican voters were: black
Southern whites regarded carpetbaggers as: agents of an army of occupation
Ulysses S. Grant was guilty of: unwise appointments of public officials.
Which of the following is characteristic of the post- Civil War southern labor system: the new system of sharecropping evolved.
One of the major political scandals of the Grant presidency involved: Credit Mobilier.
The idea of redistributing plantation land to freedmen was tried first by: William T. Sherman.
The primary purpose of the Ku Klux Klan was to: prevent blacks from voting.
Congressional laws in 1870 and 1871 did all of the following except: give the president the power to suspend the writ of habeas corpus.
The new state constitutions drawn up in the South from 1867 to 1868: included universal male suffrage.
Ulysses S. Grant's presidency is known as an era of: scandal and corruption at all levels of government.
Members of Abraham Lincoln's own party opposed his Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction because: it left the door open to restrictive Southern measures to control former slaves.
Which of the following is true of Andrew Johnson's impeachment trial: The Senate sat as a court to try Johnson on charges drawn up by the House.
Andrew Johnson was all of the following except: a strong supporter of the planter aristocracy.
Which of the following is not true of black political activity during Reconstruction: More than 50 percent of high state and federal offices were held by blacks.
The main issue addressed by the 15th Amendment was: voting
The Fourteenth Amendment did all of the following except: guarantee the Confederate debt.
The last battle between the US Army and the America Indians, often recognized symbolically as the death of Plains Indian culture, was fought at A) Little Big Horn B) Sand Creek C) Wounded Knee D) Big Creek E) Pine Ridge C By the 1870s, the major mineral being mined in the West was A) gold B) silver C) copper D) lead E) platinum B
The biggest boost to the cattle industry in the late nineteenth century was the A) breeding of longhorn cattle B) movement of the railroad westward C) arrival of the cowboy D) decline of open-range grazing E) the invention of barbed wire B
The "New South" probably can best be described as a society of A) cotton fields, plantations, and agriculture B) tobacco, slavery, and planters C) commerce, cotton mills, and steel D) trading firms and shipbuilders E) small farmers and day laborers C
"Jim Crow" laws A) disenfranchised black Americans B) extended the naturalization period for foreigners C) prevented women from voting D) mandated labor unions E) mandated racial segregation in public facilities E
The Supreme Court case Plessy v. Ferguson stated that A) the right of blacks to vote was not constitutionally protected B) black Americans could be prevented from running for office C) Jim Crow laws were illegal D) black and white Americans could be segregated by race, but must be supplied with equal facilities E) the Fourteenth amendment did not apply to private acts of discrimination D
In the fight for equal rights, black leader Booker T Washington adopted a strategy that emphasized A) segregation B) political equality and freedoms C) self-help and education D) government assistance to blacks E) violent resistance C
All of the following statements regarding homesteading on the Great Plains are not true except A) most homes were simple wooden cabins made out of oak or pine B) the northern Plains were heavily populated by foreign-born residents C) Plains communities were notable in their lack of ethnic diversity D) most immigrants who settled there were from southern Italy and Russia E) the largest segment of settlers came from the American South B
In the mining frontier A) the largest and most profitable mines were owned by large mining corporations B) small independent miners controlled production and set prices C) labor/management relations were peaceful due to high pay and industry profits D) environmental concerns prevented the use of wasteful and destructive technologies E) Native Americans supplied more of the labor force A
Most cowboys in the Old West were A) men who led solitary lives marked by personal freedom B) gunfighters who rode oversized horses C) laborers who worked for industrial corporations D) similar to the handsome romantic heroes depicted in western movies E) black, Indian, and Mexican American C
The "ghost dance" was A) a religious movement that promised the destruction of the white man and the return of the Indian land B) a Halloween celebration popular among Czech and German immigrants on the plains C) the only indian cultural activity permitted by indian agents on the reservations in the 1890s D) introduced by christian missionaries as a means of undermining pagan rituals E) a funeral ritual practiced by the Pueblo indians A
All of the following statements regarding the Chinese in California are true except they A) were overwhelmingly male B) were unable to develop communities owing to a shortage of women C) were actively recruited to come to the region as laborers D) were subject to the foreign miners' tax E) refereed to California as "Gold Mountain" B
By 1890 the Sioux and other reservation indians A) were rapidly adapting to a capitalist agrarian lifestyle B) had achieved full US citizenship and equal rights C) were reduced to lives of poverty D) were profiting from the discovery of oil on their ancestral lands E) were working in large numbers for the mining industry C
The Dawes Severalty Act A) protected tribal ownership of land and separate nation status B) offered each Indian head of family 160 acres of farmland or 320 acres of grazing land C) resulted in the addition of millions of acres to tribal holdings D) only affected the five "civilized tribes" E) led to the revival of traditional cultures B
The economy of the "New South" was colonial in that A) it had not changed since the colonial period of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries B) it depended on raw materials imported from Caribbean colonies C) many major industries were financed and controlled by northern businessmen D) southern leaders invested more capital in agriculture than in manufacturing E) European investors controlled much of the land and the industry C
All of the following statements regarding race relations during the New South period are true except A) most black southerners were denied the right to vote B) ninety percent of the convicts in southern prisons were black C) most southern blacks lived as tenant farmers of sharecroppers D) reform groups agitated for elimination of the convict leasing system E) lynching and racial violence declined significantly E
Charles Guiteau is noted as the A) paranoid schizophrenic who assasinated James A Garfield B) Mugwump leader who ran as the vice presidential candidate in 1892 C) congressman who led the civil-service reform movement D) major northern Democratic leader of the 1880s E) a writer whose work inspired significant reforms in the Gilded Age A
In 1880, the Bureau of Census announced that A) sixty percent of the US population lived west of the Mississippi River B) a majority of Americans were foreign born C) the frontier which had separated the settled from unsettled areas of the continent no longer existed D) the number of immigrants coming to the US was at its lowest point in history E) most americans now lived in urban areas rather than on farms C
According to Frederick Jackson Turner, American character and culture were primarily influenced by A) the spanish and the french traditions B) the development of civilized cities and towns C) the spread of the plantation system D) the existence of the frontier and the westward movement E) war D
Which of the following best describes the Mugwumps, Stalwarts, and Half-Breeds? A) they were conflicting groups within the Democratic Party B) both the Mugwumps and Half-Breeds supported reforms while the Stalwarts opposed reform C) only the Stalwarts advocated civil-service reform D) All three groups favored extension of the spoils system E) they were three fledgling political parties who supported "clean" politics B
The McKinley Tariff of 1890 A) established the first income tax B) has a reform measure that reduced the price of American manufactured products C) was vetoed by President Benjamin Harrison D) was responsible for the decisive Republican victory in the election of 1892 E) had a protective tax that raised import duties to an average of 50 percent A
The "Battle" of Wounded Knee A) was the worst defeat in the history of the US Army B) was a shoot out between sheep herders and cattlemen in Wyoming C) revitalized Plains Indian culture D) symbolized the death of the Plains Indian's way of life E) defeated the Pueblo Indians of New Mexico D
The US Army encouraged the slaughter of millions of buffalo A) because the buffalo limited the grazing range for cattle B) in order to feed hungry industrial workers in the North C) to stop the spread of disease among cattle herds in the Plains D) because the great herds interfered with the building of the transcontinental railroad E) in order to weaken the Plains Indians by depriving them of their source of food, clothing, and shelter E
Most of the New South's iron and steel industry was concentrated in A) central Georgia B) northern Alabama C) southern Mississippi D) eastern Tennessee E) Texas B
The Homestead Act began under the administration of President A) Rutherford B Hayes B) Grover Cleveland C) Ulysses S Grant D) James A Garfield E) Abraham Lincoln E
The most environmentally destructive type of mining in California's gold rush was A) strip B) placer C) pan D) stamping E) hydraulic E
Ida Wells was an advocate for A) copper miners B) Chinese women in California C) southern blacks D) civil reform in government E) Mexican Americans C
Open-range grazing declined in the West because A) the range had become overstocked B) record cold killed thousands of free range cattle C) scientific breeding proved more profitable D) ranchers began fencing their land E) all of the above E
Under the Dawes Act A) millions of acres of reservation lands were opened to white settlement B) most Indians readily adapted to the new agricultural economy C) the reservation system emerged stronger than ever D) Indians actually ended up controlling more land E) Indians religious practices were revived A
Southern cotton mills had a competitive advantage over northern mills because of A) cheap energy sources B) cheap labor, made up mostly of former slaves C) cheap labor, made up mostly of poor native southern whites D) cheap labor, made up of immigrants E) better weather conditions C
In the years following the Civil War the southern agricultural economy A) depended on food production B) depended on the crop lien system C) recovered quickly from the devastation of the war years D) received extensive government subsidies E) depended on investments from England and Europe B
In the 1880s, James B Duke industrialized the ___ industry A) cotton B) coffee C) mining D) tobacco E) meatpacking D
The Interstate Commerce Act A) outlawed unfair pricing activities on the part of railroads B) outlawed the restraint of trade between states C) attempted to control business trusts D) extended subsidies to railroads E) none of the above A
In the late 1890s, farmers experienced A) a new era of prosperity B) the adoption of the silver standard C) a steady drop in the prices that lasted until WWI D) an increase in the deflation trend E) success in seeing "one of their own" elected president A
The issue that caused the Populist Party to be absorbed by the Democratic Party was A) income tax B) the coinage of silver C) government control of railroads D) direct election of senators E) women's suffrage B
The winner of the 1896 presidential election was A) William McKinley B) William Jennings Bryan C) Theodore Roosevelt D) Mark Hanna E) Benjamin Harrison A
"Granger Laws" A) helped destroy the Patrons of Husbandry B) established state railroad commissions to determine fair transportation rates and warehouse charges C) never actually went into effect until the twentieth century D) regulated farm cooperatives and land banks E) led to the creation of the Populist party B
In the landmark decision of Munn v. Illinois (1877) the Supreme Court A) declared state railroad regulations unconstitutional B) upheld the right of states to regulate public businesses including railroads C) established federal guidelines for agricultural production D) outlawed segregation in companies engaged in interstate commerce E) outlawed child labor B
In the late nineteenth century, the railroads A) employed more workers than any other industry B) established the four standard time zones still used in the US today C) were the major means of transporting people and products across the country D) employed unfair pricing practices E) all of the above E
The Greenback and "free silver" movements supported A) a sound money policy to strengthen the dollar on the international market B) the complete reorganization of the US banking system C) a free enterprise approach to establishing interest rates D) increasing the amount of currency in circulation E) overthrowing the us government
The Interstate Commerce Act A) outlawed unfair pricing activities on the part of railroads B) outlawed the restraint of trade between states C) attempted to control business trusts D) extended subsidies to railroads E) none of the above A
Which union was hurt irrevocably by the Haymarket Square protest? A) Congress of Industrial Organizations B) National Labor Union C) Industrial Workers of the World D) American Federation of Labor E) Knights of Labor E
The strike at the Homestead plant in Pennsylvania is famous for the A) assassination of Henry Frick B) federal governments criticism of Andrew Carnegie C) armed resistance by striking steel workers D) intercession by the president on behalf of the strikers E) arrest of Eugene Debs C
The head of the American Railway Union involved in the Pullman strike was A) William Bryan B) Terence Powderly C) Eugene Debs D) James Blaine E) James Duke C
Which of the following was not a nineteenth century innovation? A) radio B) motion pictures C) telephone D) electric lights E) typewriters A
During the nineteenth century, the Sherman Antitrust Act A) successfully dissolved the ten largest corporations in the US B) was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court C) was never used at all D) was used by big business to break up unions and strikes E) failed to pass either house of congress D
Andrew Carnegie created a monopoly in the ___ industry A) oil B) steel C) railroad D) textile E) coal B
In US v EC Knight Company, the Supreme Court ruled that the A) sugar refining monopoly was illegal B) federal government had no authority over the economy C) Interstate Commerce Act was unconstitutional D) Sherman Antitrust Act regulated commerce but not manufacturing E) Sherman Antitrust Act was unconstitutional D
The first labor union formed after the Civil War was the A) Cigar Makers Union B) National Labor Union C) Knights of Labor D) United Mine Workers Union E) American Federation of Labor B
The railroad strike of 1877 A) was a major victory for the union workers B) led many cities to construct armories C) saw the middle class side with railroad workers D) was settled peacefully E) has remained the worst labor violence in American history B
The Pullman strike (1894) was significant because A) President Grover Cleveland sent in federal troops to break the strike B) the US attorney general used a federal injunction against the railroads C) the Pullman Company compromised with the unions in order to prevent violence D) the strike leaders were honored in the naitonal capitol E) all of the above A
In comparison to other industrial nations, by 1890 the United States was A) just entering the industrial revolution phase of development B) less productive than the three major powers C) the world leader in manufacturing output D) still basically an agricultural society E) unable to compete because of high labor costs C
The theory of "survival of the fittest" provided ideological support for A) social inequality B) capitalism C) the gap between the rich and poor D) wage labor E) all of the above E
The Homestead Strike involved the A) United Mine Workers B) American Railway Association C) Knights of Labor D) Pullman workers E) Amalgamated Association of Iron, steel, and tin workers E
After 1885 the fastest growing industry was A) steel B) oil C) railroads D) clothing E) coal mining D
The nation's time zones A) originally numbered 10 B) were created by Congress at the request of railroads C) were violently opposed by farmers D) were initially created by private industry E) supported what Americans called "God's time" B
One of the leading innovators in the production and marketing of goods at the turn of the century was A) Henry George B) James Duke C) Terence Powderly D) John D Rockefeller E) William McKinley B
In 1901, JP Morgan handled the huge industrial merger that formed the A) Standard Oil Company B) Northern Pacific Railroad C) American Tobacco Company D) Pullman Company E) US Steel Corporation E
The idea of scientific management is most closely associated with A) Andrew Carnegie B) Frederick Taylor C) James B Duke D) John D Rockefeller E) Thomas Edison B
The first assembly line was introduced in the A) steel industry B) automobile industry C) tobacco industry D) textile industry E) coal industry B
For the most part, workers at Ford ___ the assembly line A) favored B) were indifferent to C) intensely disliked D) sabotaged E) violently resisted C
Most European immigrants who arrived between 1880 and 1914 came from A) northern and western Europe B) eastern and southern Europe C) Africa D) Asia E) Mexico B
For the most part, native-born American viewed the "new immigrants" as A) culturally sophisticated and racially fit B) politically mature C) groups who would enrich America's multicultural society D) capable of assimilating to American traditions E) racially inferior and culturally impoverished E
The primary motivation for late-nineteenth century immigration was A) religious persecution B) political persecution C) economic hardship D) forced migration E) hardship caused by war C
the quintessential force in the late-nineteenth-century city government was A) city hall B) the political machine C) the political party D) the mayor E) the wealthy private citizen B
Ironically, labor was prevented from organizing because of the government's use of the A) interstate commerce clause B) jim crow laws C) sherman antitrust act D) voting rights act E) fourteenth amendment C
The long-time president of the American Federation of Labor was A) Samuel Gompers B) "Big Bill" Haywood C) John L Lewis D) Eugene Debs E) Mark Hanna A
William "Big Bill" Haywood was the leader of which of the following unions? A) AFL B) CIO C) IWW D) K of L E) NLU C
the principle of "scientific management" included all of the following except A) training human laborers to work together like a machine B) managing industry by reducing unskilled labor C) producing as many goods as was scientifically possible D) cutting cost and making windfall profits E) eliminating waste B...
By 1920, the majority of workers in American cities were A) highly skilled and well paid B) women C) immigrants D) highly skilled and poorly paid E) migrants from America's farms C
Henry Ford's Model-T revolutionized US society by A) providing inexpensive, reliable transportation for working class Americans B) eliminating the railroads monopoly on transporting goods C) reducing industrial dependence on coal for fuel D) offering Americans choices and options E) encouraging workers to be creative of the job A
Corporate consolidations or mergers were prompted primarily by a desire to A) encourage competition B) regulate expansion and insulate corporations from fluctuations in the economic cycle C) stimulate rate wars within the major markets D) reduce the role of investment bankers in the economy E) encourage government regulation of industry B
The underlying goal of time-and-motion studies was to A) understand the relationship between job satisfaction and productivity B) make work less physically demanding for the individual worker C) eliminate waste by making human efforts smoother and more machine-like D) reduce the number of supervisors and managers in the workplace E) eliminate the need for child labor C
The introduction of the assembly line at Ford led to all of he following except A) lower consumer costs B) increased productivity C) increased worker pay D) increased worker job satisfaction E) increased profit D
The "gospel of wealth" A) encourages rich people to use this excess profits for the benefit of society B) was rejected by most Protestant denominations C) was a philosophy created by JP Morgan D) led to the first federal welfare program in US history E) led to higher income taxes on the rich A
Andrew Carnegie and John D Rockefeller were similar in that they both A) baptists B) were partners in the creation of the US Steel Company C) flouted their wealth D) were widely beloved by the public as self-made men E) gave tens of millions of dollars to philanthropic causes E
Most of the "new immigrants" A) intended to establish permanent homes and to become us citizens B) moved to the South to take advantage of industrial development there C) immediately joined labor unions D) hoped to work and save money in the US and then to return to their homelands E) bought farms D
the first industrialist to advocate the Gospel of Wealth was A) Cornelius Vanderbilt B) John D Rockefeller C) Leland Stanford D) Andrew Carnegie E) Jay Gould D
Andrew Carnegie provided money for the construction of 2,500 ___ throughout the country A) playgrounds B) public libraries C) elementary schools D) hospitals E) labor union halls B
The nation's first subways were constructed in A) New York City B) Boston C) Philadelphia D) Chicago E) Trenton