INEQUATIONS & EQUATIONS

Exercise 1 (A)
1. [B]
( ) log ab log b
we can see that ab > 0 a < 0 & b < 0 or a > 0 & b > 0
so log(ab) log b log ab log b =
log a b log b =
=log a log b log b +
=log a
2. [C]
| |
2
2
2
0.5 0.5 1
2
log 4 log 4 log 4
| |
|
\ .
(
= = (
(


2
2
2
1 1
2 2
1 1
log 2 log
2 2

| |
|
\ .
(
(
| |
= = (
( |
\ .
(


( )
2
2 1 4 = =
= 2 .(as a square root of a value cant be negative)
3. [B]

3 4 5 6 7 8
log 4log 5log 6log 7log 8log 9
By formula
c
a
c
log b
log b
log a
=
Given value is
log 4 log5 log6 log7 log8 log9
log3 log 4 log5 log6 log7 log8
| | | | | || || || |
=
| | | | | |
\ . \ . \ .\ .\ .\ .

3
log9
log 9
log3
= =
= 2
5. [D]

( )
9 5 7
1 4
log 36 log 3 log 9
81 27 3
| |
|
\ .
+ +
( )
( )
( )
( ) 2
3 3
log 36
log 5
3 4
9
81 3 3 log 7 + +

( )
3 3
3
l 1
3 log 36 4 log 7
log 5
4 2 2
3 3 3
| | | |

| |
\ . \ .
+ +

( )
3
4 2
2
3 3 3
log 36 log 5 log 7
3 3 3 + +
( )
3
4 2
2
5 36 7 + +
625 36 6 49 890 + + =
6. [C]

k 5 x
log x log k log 5 = ; given k 1 = , k > 0

log x log k log5

logk log5 log x
=
( ) ( )
5 x
log x log 5 =
x = 5 is the only possible solution
7. [A]

5 a
log a log x 2 =

loga log x
2
log5 loga
=

5
log x 2 =

2
x 5 =
= 125
8. [C]

2 2 4
2
A log log log 256 2log 2 = +
( ) ( ) 1
2
4
2 2 4
2
log log log 4 log 2 +

2 2 2
1
log log 4 2 log 2
1
2
+
| |
|
\ .

2
log 2 4 1 4 + = +
5
9. [D]

10
log x y = (given)

3
2
1000
10
log x 2log x =

10
1
2 log x
3

b
k a
a
1
by formula log log b
k
| |
=
|
\ .

2
y
3
=
11. [A]
| |
1
2
log sin x 0 ; x 0, 4
| |
|
\ .
> e t
as base
1
2
lies between 0 to 1 to satisfy given inequality, 0 < sin x < 1
( ) ( ) x 0, 2 , 3 e t t t
As we can see in this interval
we get
3 9 11
, , ,
4 4 4 4
t t t t
as integral
1
y
2
=
4
t 3
4
t
t 2t
9
4
t 11
4
t
3t 4t
x
y
0
multiples of
4
t

12. [B]

( )
2
1
2
log x 6x 12 2 + >

( ) 1
2
2
log x 6x 12 2

+ >

( )
2
2
1 log x 6x 12 2 + >

( )
2
2
log x 6x 12 2 + s

( )
2
2 2
log x 6x 12 log 4 0 + s

2
2
x 6x 12
log 0
4
| | +
s
|
\ .

2
x 6x 12
0 1
4
+
< s
case 1

2
x 6x 12
0
4
+
<

2
x 6x 12 0 + >
x R e ..(1) as discriminant if quadratic expression
2
x 6x 12 + is less than zero.
Descriminant
( ) ( )( )
2
D 6 4 12 1 =
D = 12
case 2

2
x 6x 12
4
4
+
s

2
x 6x 12 4 + s

2
x 6x 8 0 + s
1
( )( ) x 4 x 2 0 s
| |
x 2, 4 e .(ii)
By taking intersection of (i) & (ii) we get
| |
x 2, 4 e
13. [B]

2
log (x 1)
2 x 5

> + here x 1 > 0 ; x > 1 (i)

1
2 ( 2)
log (x 1)
2 x 5

> +

( )
2
2log x 1
2 x 5

> +
b
k
a
1 b
or by formula log log
k a
| |
=
|
\ .

( )
2
2
log x 1
2 x 5

> +

2
(x 1) x 5 > +

2
x 1 2x x 5 + > +

2
x 3x 4 0 >
(x 4) (x + 1) > 0
So we get ( ) ( ) x , 1 4, e (ii)
By taking intersection of (i) & (ii)

14. [C]

2
10
log (x 2x 2) 0 s
As base is greater than 1 so to hold the inequality true

2
0 x 2x 2 1 < s
So,
2 2
0 x 2x 2 and x 2x 2 1 < s

Case 1
4
2

+ +
4

+ +
1
( ) x 4, e
1

+ +
1 3 1 3 +

2
x 2x 2 0 >

( ) ( )
x 1 3 x 1 3 0
( (
+ >


So,
( ) ( )
x ,1 3 1 3, e + .(i)
Case 2

2
x 2x 2 1 s

2
x 2x 3 0 s
( )( ) x 3 x 1 0 + s
So we get
| |
x 1, 3 e .(ii)
By taking intersection of (i) & (ii) we get,

) (
x 1,1 3 1 3, 3
(
e +


15. [A]

0.2
x 2
log 1
x
+
s
As base of log is less than 1 so hold the inequality true

x 2
0.2
x
+
>

x 2
0.2 0
x
+
>

x 2 0.2x
0
x
+
>

0.8x 2
0
x
+
>
So, | )
5
x , 0,
2
| (
e

(
\

16. [C]

+ +
1 3

+ +
5
2

m
a a
mlog n log n m
a a n
17. [C]

n
mn m
a a =
Take log both side

n
mn m
a a
log a log a =

n
mn m =

n 1
m n

=


18.

( ) ( )
3
4 1 2
2
5 3
9 3 3
1
x 16x x
4

| |
|
\ .

( ) ( ) ( )
3
5 4 2 2 3
2
2 3 1
3 9 2 2 2
x 4 x 4 x

| |

|
\ .

5 4 4 3 3
2
3 3 9 2 2
x 4 x 4 x

5 2 4 3
2
2 3 3 2
x 4
+ +

17
3
6
4 x
19. [D]

( ) ( )
( )
m
n 1 2n n
m
m 1 2m
2 2 2
1
2 2
+
+
=

nm m 2n n
mn m 2m
2 2
1
2 2
+ +
+

=
1
n 1
m n

| |
=
|
\ .

( ) ( ) nm m 2n n mn n 2m
2 1
+ + + +
=

2n m
2 1

=
2n m = 0


20. [D]

( )
3
x
x x 3
x x x = here x = 0

1
1
3
x
1
1
x
3
x x
+
+ | |
=
|
\ .

4
3
4
x
x
3
x x =
Take log both side

4
3
x x
4
x log x xlog x
3
=

4
3
4
x x
2
=

1
3
4
x x
3
=

1
3
4
x
3
=

3
4
x
3
| |
=
|
\ .
64
27
=
21. [C]
if
1 1
3 3
x 2 2

=
m = 2n
then
3
1 1 1 1
3
3 3 3 3
2x 6x 2 2 2 6 2 2

( (
+ = +
( (


2
1 1 1 1
3 3 3 3
2 2 2 2 2 3

(
| | | |
( = +
| |
(
\ . \ .


1 1 2 2
3 3 3 3
2 2 2 2 2 2 3

| | (
= + +
| (
\ .

1 1 2 2
3 3 3 3
2 2 2 2 2 1

( (
= + +
( (


=
3 3
1 1
3 3
2 2 2

(
| | | |
(
| |
(
\ . \ .

( ) ( ) ( )
3 3 2 2
by a b a b a b ab = + +
1
2 2 2

( =


= 3
22. [A]
( )
( )
x
x x
x x x = (here x = 0)

3
2
x
3
x
2
x x
| |
=
|
\ .

3
2
3
x
x
2
x x =
take log both sides

3
2
x x
3
x log x xlog x
2
=

3
2
3
x x
2
=

1
2
3
x
2
=

9
x
4
=
23. [C]

( )
x 2
x 1
5 5 0.2 26

+ =

x 2
x 1
1
5 5 26
5

| |
+ =
|
\ .

x 1 1 x 2
5 5 26
+
+ =

x 1 3 x
5 5 26

+ =
at x = 1, 3 above equation satisfy
24. [D]

1
x 2
x
=

2
4 2
4 2
1 1
x x 2
x x
| |
+ = +
|
\ .

2
2
1
x 2 2
x
(
| |
= +
(
|
\ .
(


2
2
2 2 2 ( = +


= 36 2 = 24
25. [C]

1 1 1
b c a
bc ca ab
c a b
x x x
x x x
| | | | | |

| | |
\ . \ . \ .

1 1 1 1 1 1
c b a c b a
x x x
| | | | | |

| | |
\ . \ . \ .

1 1 1 1 1 1
c b a c b a
x
+ +

0
x 1 =
26. [C]

m n mn
a a a =

m n mn
a a
+
=
m + n = mn ..(1)
then m (n 2) + n (m 2) = ?
2mn 2m 2n
2 (m + n) 2 (m + n)
27. [B]
log (x + 1) + log (x 1) = log 3
log (x + 1) (x 1) = log 3

2
x 1 3 =

2
x 4 =
x 2 =
But x + 1 > 0 & x 1 > 0
x > 1 & x > 1
so, ( ) x 1, e is our feasible region.
Only x = 2 lies in the feasible region.
28. [D]
f (x) 5 x 3 =
| ) f (x) 5 (x 3) ; x 3, = e
= 5 + (x 3) ; ( ) x , 3 e
f (x) = 8 x ;
| ) x 3, e
= 2 + x ; ( ) x , 3 e
So, greatest value of function occur at x = 3
So f (3) = 8 3 = 5
29. [B]

m 3 2m 2n m 3 n n 1
m 1 n 3 m
2 3 5 6
6 10 15
+ + + +
+ +

( )( )( )
( ) ( ) ( )( )
m 3 2m 2 m n 3 n 1 n 1
m 1 m 1 n 3 n 3 m m
2 3 5 2 3
2 3 2 5 3 5
+ + + + +
+ + + +

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) m 3 n 1 m 1 n 3 2m n n 1 m 1 m m n 3 n 3 m
2 3 5
+ + + + + + + + + + +

0 0 0
2 3 5
1
30. [A]

2 1
3 3
x x 2 + =
Take cube both side

1 2 1 2
2
3 3 3 2
x x 3x x x x 8
| |
+ + + =
|
\ .

( )
2
x x 3x 2 8 + + =

2
x 7x 8 0 + =
(x + 8) (x 1) = 0
x = 1 , 8
31. [D]
if a + b + c = 0

2 2 2 3 3 3
a b c a b c
bc ca ab abc
+ +
+ +

( ) ( )
{ }
( ) ( )
{ }
3 3
3 3
a b 3ab a b c c 3ab c c
abc abc
+ + + +

3abc
3
abc
=
32. [C]

x x 1
2 2 4

x
x
2
2 4
2
=

x x
2 2 2 8 =

x
2 8 =
x = 3
so,
x 3
x 3 27 = =
33. [B]

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
log x log y logx log y
log x log y log x log y
+
+

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
log x log y 2 log x log y
2 logx log y logx log y
+
+

1
34. [B]

( )
2
10
log 2x 7x 16 1 + + =

2 1
2x 7x 16 10 + + =

2
2x 7x 6 0 + + =

2
2x 4x 3x 6 0 + + + =
(2x + 3) (x + 2) = 0

3
x , 2
2
=
35. [C]
a > 0, b > 0, c > 0

( )
a b c
1
log a b c log
abc
| |
+
|
\ .

a b c
a b c
log
abc
| |
|
\ .

( )
a 1 b 1 c 1
log a b c


36. [B]
( )
10 10 10
log log log x 0 ( =


( )
0
10 10
log log x 10 1 = =

1
10
log x 10 10 = =

0
x 10 =
37. [C]

( ) ( )
x 2 2x 4
25 125

=

( ) ( )
x 2 2x 4
2 3
5 5

=

2x 4 6x 12
5 5

=

( ) 6x 12 2x 4
5 1

=

4x 8 o
5 1 5

= =
So, 4x 8 = 0


x = 2

38. [C]

x 1 x 13
1 x x 6

+ =

here
x
0
1 x
>

;
x
0
x 1
s

so,
| ) x 0, 1 e is the feasible region for the equation.

( ) ( ) x 1 x
13
6 1 x x
+
=

( )
1 13
6
x 1 x
=

Taking square both side
( )
36
x 1 x
169
=

2
36
x x 0
169
+ =

9 4
x x 0
13 13
| | | |
=
| |
\ . \ .

9 4
x ,
13 13
=
Here values lies in the feasible region.
So,
39. [D]
3y 1 y 1 + = ..(1)
3y 1 0 & y 1 0 + > >

1
y & y 0
3
> >
| ) y 0, e is our feasible region.
By eq.(1), taking square of both side,
3y + 1 = y 1

+ +
0
1
9 4
x ,
13 13
=
2y = 2
y = 1 ; which does not lie in feasible range of y.
so no solution of y.
40. [D]
x 7 4 3 = + ; x 4 4 3 3 = + +
( )
( )
2
2
x 2 2 2 3 3 = + +

( )
2
x 2 3 = +
x 2 3 = + (1)

1 1
x 2 3
=
+

1 1 2 3 2 3
4 3 x 2 3 2 3

= =
+

1
2 3
x
= (2)

( )
1 1
x 2 3
x 2 3
| |
+ = + +
|
+
\ .

( ) ( )
2 3 2 3 = + +
= 4
41. [A]

3
x 3x 9 0 + =
Let the roots are , , o o |
So, 0 o+o+| =
2 0 o +| = (1)
3 o o+o|+| o =

2
2 3 o + o| = (2)

2
q o | =

2
q = o | (3)
By equations (2), (1)
( )
2
2 2 3 o + o o =

2
3 3 o =

2
1 o =
1 o= .(4)

2
q = o |
( )
2
2 = o o

3
q 2 = o
q 2 =
42. [D]

16 4 2
log x log x log x 14 + + =

2 2 2
1 1
log x log x log x 14
4 2
+ + =
b
k a
a
1
by log log b
k
| |
=
|
\ .

2
7
log x 14
4
=

2
log x 8 =

8
x 2 256 = =
43. [C]

1
4 3x
2
s
Case 1 :
4
4 3x 0 x
3
> s (i)
So
1
4 3x
2
s

7
3x
2
s

7
x
6
> ..(ii)
By intersection of (i) & (ii)
7 4
x ,
6 3
(
e
(

.(A)
Case 2 : 4 3x < 0
4
x
3
> ..(iii)
So ( )
1
4 3x
2
s

1
4 3x
2
+ s

9
3x
2
s

3
x
2
s ..(iv)
taking intersection of (iii) & (iv)

4 3
x ,
3 2
| (
e

(
\
(B)
So union of A & B is the solution of the given inequality
7 3
x ,
6 2
(
e
(

(C)
44. [A]

2
x x 6 0 =
Case 1 : x 0 >

2
x x 6 0 =
x = 3, 2
but x 0 > so x = 3 is the only root.
Case 2: x < 0
( )
2
x x 6 0 =

2
x x 6 0 + =
x = 3, 2
But x < 0 so x = 3 is the solution.
So multiplication = 3 ( 3) = 9
45. [C]

x 1
0
x 2

>
+

So, x 2 or x 1 > >
x 2 > holds true for x R e
Now, x 1 >
( ) ( ) x , 1 1, e
46. [A]
x 1 x 5 6 + + =
This is special case as (x 1) (x + 5) = 6
So the given expression will hold true if ( )( ) x 1 x 5 0 + s
| |
x 5,1 e


+ +

1
2

+ +
1 5
47. [D]

( )
2
1
2
log x 1 0 >
As base of log is less than 1.
So,
( )
2
1
2
log x 1 0 >

2
0 x 1 1 < <

2
1 x 2 < <

2 2
x 1 and x 2 > <
( ) ( )
( )
x , 1 1, & x 2, 2 e e

( ) ( )
x 2, 1 1, 2 e
48. [D]

2 x 2 y
10
log x log 2 log y log 2
3
+ = = +

2 x
10
log x log 2
3
+ =

2
2
1 10
log x
log x 3
+ =
Lets take
2
log x a =
So,
1 10
a
a 3
+ =

2
10
a a 1 0
3
+ =

9 1
a a 0
3 3
| | | |
=
| |
\ . \ .

9 1
a ,
3 3
=

2
9 1 1
log x , 3,
3 3 3
= =

1
3
3
x 2 , 2 =

1
3
x 8, 2 =
similarly,
1
3
y 8, 2 =
if x y = then
1
3
x y 8 2 + = +
49. [A]

( )
2
3
2
log x 3x 2 2 + >

( )
2
2
3 3
2 2
3
log x 3x 2 log
2
| |
+ >
|
|
\ .

2
3
2
x 3x 2
log 0
3
4
| |
|
+ +
|
>
| | |
|
|
\ .
\ .

base is less than 1 so

2
x 3x 2
0 1
3
4
| |
|
+
< s
|
|
\ .

( )
2 2
3
0 x 3x 2 & x 3x 2
4
< + + s
( )( )
2
5
x 2 x 1 0 & x 3x 0
4
> + s
( ) ( )
2
5 1 5
x ,1 2, ......(1) & x x x 0
2 2 4
e + s
1
&
5 1
x x 0
2 1
| || |
s
| |
\ .\ .

&
1 5
x ,
2 2
| |
e
|
\ .
..(2)
taking intersection of (i) & (ii)

1 5
x ,1 2,
2 2
| | (
e
|
(
. \

50. [A]

2
x x 2
a a ; 0 9 1

> < <

2
x
2
a x
1
a

>

2
x x 2
a 1

>

2
x x 2 0 s
(x 2)(x 1) 0 + s
| |
x 1, 2 e
(0, 1)
y
x