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Vacuum distillation

Name : Faradilla iha
Class : X pmp Eks A
Lesson : English Language



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Academic Year 2012/2013


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Vacuum distillation
Distillation or distillation is a method of chemical separation based on differences in the
speed or ease evaporated (volatility) material.
In distillation, boiling mixture of substances that vaporize, and the vapor is then cooled
back into shape fluid. substance which has a lower boiling point will evaporate first.
This method includes as a chemical operations unit displacement type mass. application
This process is based on the theory that in a solution, each component will evaporate at the point
of ideal distillation boiling.Model based on Raoult's Law and Dalton's Law


Here is a simple circuit arrangement
ditilasi tool:
1. water container
2. distillation flask
3. connection
4. thermometer
5. condenser
6. inflow of cold water
7. cold water outflow
8. distillate flask
9. airhole
10. place distillate discharge
13. Turkish bath
14. water bath
15. solution of substance
16. distillate flask container






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type
There are 4 types of distillation that will be discussed here, namely simple distillation,
fractional distillation, steam distillation, and vacuum distillation.
Simple distillation
On simple distillation, the basic separation is much difference in boiling points or with one
component is volatile. If the mixture is heated then the components are lower boiling point will
evaporate first. In addition to differences in boiling point, as well kevolatilan difference, ie the
tendency of a substance to be gas. Distillation is performed at a pressure atmosfer. application
simple distillation is used to separate a mixture of water and alcohol.

Distillation Fraksionisasi
Function is a fractional distillation to separate liquid components, two or more, of a solution
based on differences in their boiling points Distillation can also be used to mix with boiling point
differences of less than 20 C and working at atmospheric pressure or by the pressure of the
distillation rendah.Aplikasi this type of crude oil used in the industry, to separate the components
of crude oil.
Differences in fractional distillation and simple distillation column is a column fraksionasi.In this
happens gradually warming temperatures different on each license plate. Different heating is
aimed at refining the distillate over plates underneath. Getting to the top, the less volatile liquid.

Steam distillation
Steam distillation is used in a mixture of compounds that have a boiling point reaches 200 C
or more. Steam distillation can vaporize these compounds with temperatures near 100 C under
atmospheric pressure using steam or water is fundamental boiling. trait of steam distillation to
distill a mixture of compounds is below the boiling point of each compound mixtures. besides
the steam distillation can be used for mixtures that do not dissolve in water at all temperatures,
but can be distilled with air.Application from steam distillation is to extract some natural
products such as eucalyptus oil of eucalyptus, oil of lemon or orange citrus, and for the
extraction of perfume oils from plants.
Mixture is heated through a water vapor that flowed into the mix and perhaps also coupled with
heating. steam of the mixture will rise up towards the condenser to the flask, and finally into the
distillate.

Vacuum distillation
Vacuum distillation is usually used if you want distilled compounds are unstable, with the
understanding can be decomposed before or near the boiling point or a mixture having a boiling
point above 150 C. method distillation can not be used in a solvent with a low boiling point if
using a condenser water cold, because the components can not be condensed by evaporating
water. Used to reduce the pressure of the vacuum pump or aspirator. Aspirator serves as
lowering the pressure in the distillation system.