Lesson 10

Let me start by wishing a wonderful Christmas followed by a very prosperous new year to all of
you.
Merry Christmas and Happy New Year!
Now, lets begin.
As you know, we have successfully completed part one that was learning the letters. Today, we
are going to take a very short review from what we have already studied to make sure that
everything has been clear.
So far we have learned that there are 32 letters upon which the Persian language is built. We also
learned that to pronounce the letters, we needed to put some vowels on or under the letters. And
you remember that we have six vowels: three long and three short vowels. Then we learned that
sometimes we have to put an emphasis on some letters, which is called Tashdid. And sometimes,
it happens very often, we stop or pause on some letters and this is called Sokoon.
As you remember, we have many letters that when pronounced with the help of vowels, have the
same pronunciations. As I have told you before, you dont need to worry about it at all. Once
more, lets see the letters that have the same pronunciations . They are as follows:
1- , . Listen!
All Alef
2- and . Listen!
All Ta
3- , , and . Listen!
All Se
4- and . Listen!
All He
5- , , , . Listen!

All Zaal
6- , . Listen!
All Ghain
During this time, we have learned how to write all these letters. I invite you once more to
practice writing if you havent tried it so far. It has some great advantages. One of them is that
writing will help you learn things better. The other one, more important one, is that youll have
to use it during our next lessons.
All right. Although I have already mentioned that this lesson is about what we have already
studied, we are going to learn some new words today if you have no objections!
Lets simply start by learning the subjective pronouns today. Hopefully you know them in
English. These are the subjective pronouns: I, you, he, she, it we, you, they. Is it correct?
Wonderful! Now, lets see their equivalents in Persian.
Note: We have learned that letters when combined with , which is supposed to be long /u:/,
should be pronounced as /u:/ like what you see here: /bu:/. But sometimes, there can be
found some words in which that special letter will be pronounced as short /o/ instead of the
normal /u:/. One of them is what you see below for the singular you.
1- I = /mn/ as man in English. Listen!
man_10.mp3
2- You = /to/ as in torture. Listen! And this is one of them I just talked about. It is not
pronounced as /tu:/.
Toe
3- He and She = /u:/ as in moon. Listen!
Oo
Note: He and She have the same equivalent in Persian. So, if you simply say , the people
will not know that its a man or a woman whom you are talking about.
4- It = /a:n/ as in answer in British English not American English. Listen!
Aan

5- We = /ma:/ as in mother. Listen!
Maa
6- You = /shoma:/. Listen!
Shoma
7- They = /a:nha:/. Listen!
Anha
And /i:sha:n/. Listen!
Ishan
Note: As you see, They has two equivalents in Persian.
All right. With this, we come to the end of lesson 10. I hope it hasnt been difficult.
Dont forget to check the Lets write and Useful drills pages now.
Feel tired? Hit me
Useful Drills 10
From this week, we are going to deal with words instead of single letters. To read the words
properly, we have two ways. First, put the signs or symbols on or under the letters as we did
during our previous lessons. Second, use the English phonetic alphabets instead of putting the
signs on or under the letters. Personally, I think it will be better if we a pply the second choice.
As I have told you during the first nine lessons, Persian words do not have symbols when
written. So, wed better get used to it from now. I know its a bit difficult in the very beginning,
but you will see yourself fluent in near future. Just follow the phonetic letters and try to learn the
words in a parrot- like repetition.
Note: Please pronounce the words that we have already studied.

Lesson 11
Last week we learned the subjective pronouns in Persian. I hope you had no problems with them.
Lets take a look at them again.
1- I = . Listen!
Man
2- You = . Listen!
Toe
3- he and she = . Listen!
Oo
4- it = . Listen!
Aan
5- we = . Listen!
Maa
6- You = . Listen!
Shoma
7- they = . Listen!
Anha
And . Listen!
Ishan
In learning a language, we normally begin with present tenses, like present simple tense (ex. I go
to school every day) or present continuous tense (ex. I am writing a letter now). It seems quite
natural, as these present tenses bring us less difficulty for other complicated ones. However, I am
going to change this procedure a bit and I believe it will be more helpful.
Here, we are going to start with the simple past tense. The reason I am doing this is that we, as
beginners, will find it easier to follow, as almost all verbs in this tense are regular not irregular.
Let me explain it a bit more for those who have problems with these items.
Look at this verb: Go. This verb is irregular because we have to change its construction in
different tenses. Like this: go went -gone.
Examples:
1. I go to school everyday. (Present simple tense)
2. I went to school yesterday. (Simple past tense)
3. I have already gone to school. (Present perfect tense)
As you see, the verb Go has different forms in different tenses. Thats why I said its
construction changes! These kinds of verbs are irregular verbs.
Now, look at this one: Clean. This verb is different from the previous one. Here we dont have to
change its construction! All we need to do is putting ed at the end of this verb.
Examples:
1. I clean my room everyday. (Present simple tense)
2. I cleaned my room yesterday. (Simple past tense)
3. I have already cleaned my room. (Present perfect tense)
As you see, we just added ed to this verb in different tenses. These kinds of verbs are regular.
Is that clear? Wonderful!
Now, lets go back to our Persian.
In Persian, its not the verbs that define the regularity or irregularity of the verbs. Rather, its the
tense that imposes a regular or an irregular form on the verbs. Confused? Let me explain it more.
In English we say that this verb is regular or irregular. Is that correct? Great! But in Persian, we
say that this tense is regular or irregular. For example, verbs in simple past tense are regular
while in present simple tense are irregular. It doesnt depend on the verbs; it depends on tenses.
All verbs follow the same rule. As far as I remember now, all tenses except present tenses can be
considered regular. So, our problem will be with present simple tense only. Thats why I have
currently put off this tense.
As far as I remember, there is no such a well-defined rule in the Persian grammar books.
Probably, there hasnt been a necessity to define such a rule for Persian-speaking students. Im
afraid, you will not be able to find such clear explanations in Persian grammar books.
All right. The following examples will show you that it is really as easy as 1-2-3! Dont believe
me? Look at the following examples.
As I have already mentioned, we are going to start with simple past tense. To do this, we need to
learn some verbs or Id better say some infinitives.
All we have to do is finding the infinitives (to + verb, like: to go).
Lets see whats to go means in Persian.
To go means /rftn/, which is an infinitive. Listen!
Raftan
Now, lets see its form in simple past tense. As you know, in simple past tense almost all verbs
are regular. Now, if we simply delete /nu:n/ from the infinitive , we will have
/rft/, which is in simple past tense.
Note: all infinitives (to + verb) end with in Persian. Simply delete , and youll have
simple past tense. Its that easy!
In short, this is /rftn/ and means to go. Just delete from its end to change it
into simple past tense. You will have /rft/. Listen!
Raft
Now that we know the rule, it will not be difficult to have this verb with the subjective pronouns.
Ready?
I went ==== / mn rftm/. Listen!
Man raftam
==> + /m/ =
You went== /rfti/. Listen!
To rafti
=======> + /i:/=
He and she went === /u: rft/ . Listen!
Oo raft
==> + nothing =
It went ==== /a:n rft/. Listen!
An raft
======> + nothing =
We went === /ma: rftim/ . Listen!
Ma raftim
====> + /im/=
You went ==== /shoma: rftid/ . Listen!
Shome raftid
=> + /id/ =
They went === /a:nha: rftnd/. Listen!
Anha raftand
=> + /nd/=
Was it difficult? You may apply this rule to all verbs in simple past tense.
Now try this one.
To write means /neveshtn/, which is an infinitive. Listen!
Nevehtan
Delete /nu:n/ from its end, and you will have /nevesht/. Listen!
Nevesht
Then combine it with subjective pronouns. You will say:
I wrote === /mn neveshtm/. Listen!
Man neveshtam
===> + /m/
You wrote=== /to neveshti/. Listen!
To neveshti
===> + /i:/
He and she wrote === /u: nevesht/. Listen!
Oo nevesht
===> + nothing
It wrote === /a:n nevesht/. Listen!
An nevesht
===> + nothing
We wrote == /ma: neveshtim/. Listen!
Ma neveshtim
===> + /im/
You wrote === /shoma: neveshtid/. Listen!
Shoma neveshtid
==> + /id/
They wrote=== /a:nha: neveshtnd/. Listen!
Anha neveshtand
==> + /nd/
All right. With this we come to the end of lesson 11. I am sorry if I had to speak a lot today! I
hope you are not tired.
Dont forget to check the Lets write and Useful drill pages now.
I invite you to go to Useful drills page now. You will find more words to practice.
Feel tired? Hit me
Useful Drills 11
As you know, practice makes perfect! Every week, along with each lesson, you are given some
words or sentences to practice. I know that, as a beginner, you will find it difficult to read the
entire words by yourself. Therefore, you are not asked to either read or write these words at this
stage. Please do not try to pronounce these words on your own or you will remain in an
insolvable confusion for good. All you have to do is identify the letters and words you have
already studied. So, first go to the This week and study the new lesson carefully. Then click on
the Useful drills button to get connected to this page. On this page you will find some words that
seem quite stranger to you at the first glance. Nevertheless, you must at least be able to recognize
the letters and words you have just studied on This week. And this is all I want you to do.
NOTE: as you see in the following words, there are no symbols (signs) on or under the letters.
We, as beginners, use these symbols during our lessons to learn the correct pronunciation of the
words. Later, after you got enough familiarity with the words and the way they are pronounced
you would find it redundant to use these symbols with letters, except for some ambiguous words
that are not used very often. I have eliminated these symbols on purpose to let you see the real
Persian words that take no symbols with them.
Look at this word: /didn/. Listen!
Didan
It means to see. Now simply delete from the end, and youll have /did/ Listen!
Did
Now pronounce this word with the subjective pronouns. Example:
I saw= /mn didm/. Listen!
Man didam
===> + /m/
You saw= /to didi/. Listen!
To didi
===> + /i:/
Now its your turn! Try this verb with other pronouns.
Now look at this one: /bstn/. Listen!
Bastan
It means to close. Now simply delete and youll have /bst/. Listen!
Bast
Now try this with the subjective pronouns. Example:
I closed= /mn bstm/. Listen!
Man bastam
Its your turn to Continue!
Now look at this one: /shekstn/. Listen!
Shekestan
It means to break. Delete and youll have /shekst/. Listen!
Shekast
I broke = /mn shekstm/. Listen!
Man shekestam
Now continue!
Lesson 12
As you remember, we started learning simple past tense last week. From today, we are going to
practice with this tense to make sure that it is clearly understood. Try to make the foundation of
your building as strong as possible! To do this here, we need to practice a lot.
Last week, we learned that all infinitives in Persian ended with /nu:n/. Example: .
We also learned that wed have a verb in simple past tense by simply deleting from
infinitives. Example: . Correct?
Then, we learned that we could combine verbs in simple past tense with subjective pronouns.
Doing this, we found that we had to add something to the end of the verbs to match that verb
with each pronoun. Example: + = . Clear?
All right. Now, lets see what do we have for today.
Before we start, let me tell you something. As you have probably noticed, in some cases the
pronunciation of the words you hear is a little bit different from the phonetic alphabets you find
with each word. The example I can mention here is this: . The phonetic alphabet
written next to this word is /didi/, but when you listen to the recorded sound it is pronounced as
/di:di:/. (Long /i:/ instead of short /i/). It is because I am trying to pronounce the words as slowly
and clearly as possible. Basically, there is no big difference with these different pronunciations.
All these three pronunciations are acceptable: /didi/- /didi:/- and /di:di:/. Dont pay too much
attention on these minor differences. I would certainly let you know if the difference was big
enough to be mentioned.
Note: One of the problems with Persian verbs is that there are a considerable amount of
compound verbs instead of single verbs. These compound verbs have apparently imposed a
negative flexibility on creating new words in Persian. Although attempts have been made to
change these compound verbs into single ones, less progress has been achieved till now. Most
probably it comes from the dominant Arab language that has changed the structure of Persian
language quite negatively. Statistics presented by some great linguists show that the capability of
Persian language in generating new words was unbelievingly higher if we could re-separate the
structure of Persian language from Arabic, which are totally different from each other in origin.
Lets see an example.
To speak means /sohbt krdn/. Listen!
sohbat kardan
As you see in the above example, we have two words in Persian for one English word. This is
what I am talking about. Quite fortunately, this problem has nothing to do with us as beginners!
Still, we can apply the same rule here. In all cases, we need to change the second part, not the
first one. Here we have to change /krdn/.
Now, lets apply the rule. Delete from and youll have /sohbt
krd/, which is in simple past tense. Now try it with the subjective pronouns. Youll say:
I spoke = /mn sohbt krdm/. Listen!
Man sohbat kardam
You spoke = /to sohbt krdi/. Listen!
To sohbat kardi
He and she spoke = /u: sohbt krd/. Listen!
Oo sobat kard
It spoke == /a:n sohbt krd/. Listen!
An sohbat kard
We spoke == /ma: sohbt krdim/. Listen!
Ma sohbat kardim
You spoke == /shoma: sohbt krdid/. Listen!
Shoma sohbat kardid
They spoke == /a:nha: sohbt krdnd /. Listen!
anha sohbat kardand
And /i:sha:n sohbt krdnd/. Listen!
Ishan sohbat kardand
All right. As you see nothing can break our rules!! (Except some exceptions that might happen
once in a thousand!)
Now lets learn some new words today. We will need some words to start making sentences.
Please try to learn these words before we see each other next week!
Door = /dr/. Listen!
Dar
And /drb/. Listen!
Darb
Window = /pnjereh/. Listen!
Panjereh
Yesterday = /di: ru:z/. Listen!
Dirooz
Today = /em ru:z/. Listen!
Emrooz
All right. What I am trying to do is helping you with some basic rules first. Remember that I am
not going to give you a fish; I am trying to teach you fishing! So, be patient enough to be with
me on our fishing path!!
During our next lessons, youll see that we are not limited to memorizing some words. But to
take our next steps, we need to learn some words first.
Please go to Useful drills page now to practice with more new words.
From next week well begin to make small sentences with the help of these words.
With this we come to the end of lesson 12.
Feel tired? Hit me!
Useful Drills 12
Practice makes perfect!
To kiss means /bu:sidn/. Listen!
Boosidan
Delete /nu:n/and youll have /bu:sid/. Listen!
Boosid
Now try it with the subjective pronouns. Youll say:
I kissed == /mn bu:sidm/. Listen!
Man boosidam
You kissed == /to bu:sidi/. Listen!
To boosidi
Now continue!!
To have means /da:shtn/. Listen!
Dashtan
Delete and youll have /da:sht/. With subjective pronouns youll say:
I had == /mn da:shtm/. Listen!
Man dashtam
You had == /to da:shti/. Listen!
To dashti
Now continue!
From today, you may go to Persian samples pages to see if you can find any verbs in simple past
tense. Do not pronounce the verbs that we have not studied yet. Just try to find the familiar ones.
Lesson 13
I hope all of you have been following the lessons patiently and step by step. As I have told you
on and on, we are going to learn Persian from the very beginning. It will take us a while to find
ourselves fluent. I think the quality is more important than the quantity. Dont get impatient if
you dont find lots of words each week. Probably, many of you will give up if I put a lot of
words and ask you to do a lot of work every week
Note: Almost every day, I receive a message asking for some translations. I would be more than
happy if I could do this much work for each of you separately. But, I am only one and have a lot
to do. Please be patient with me if I am not really able to write back to all of you directly.
However, to meet your basic needs in translation, I have added one more page to this site from
this week, and its Your words. You may send me your short sentences and I will translate
them for you. But, please send me just one sentence and make it as short as possible.
All right. Now lets start.
Hopefully, you have already learned the previous words. Today, we are going to make some
short sentences in simple past tense.
To begin with, we need to know the structure of a sentence in both English and Persian.
Look at this sentence: I closed the door. I = subject. Closed = verb. The door = object. Is that
correct? So, here the structure of the sentence in English is like this:
subject + verb + object. All right?
In Persian, we have subjects at the beginning and verbs at the end of the sentences. All other
items such as objects come between these two. That is to say, for the same English sentence we
have this structure in Persian: subject + object + verb.
Now, lets organize the words in this rule. For I closed the door, we have this in Persian:
/mn dr ra: bstm/. Listen!
Man dar ra bastam
which means I closed the door. Is that difficult?
Note: as you see, we have /ra:/ after /dr/, which is the object of our sentence. As a
rule, whenever a word is followed by /ra:/ is an object. Its that simple: word + /ra:/
makes object.
Now lets try this with all subjective pronouns:
1- I closed the door. /mn dr ra: bstm/. Listen!
Man dar ra bastam
2- You closed the door. /to dr ra: bsti/. Listen!
To dar ra basti
3- He/she closed the door. /u: dr ra: bst/. Listen!
Oo dar ra bast
4- It closed the door. / a:n dr ra: bst/. Listen!
Click here to listen
5- We closed the door. /ma: dr ra: bstim/. Listen!
ma dar ra bastim
6- You closed the door. /shoma: dr ra: bstid/. Listen!
Shoma dar ra bastid
7- They closed the door. /a:nha: dr ra: bstnd/. Listen!
Anha dar ra bastand
and /i:sha:n dr ra: bstnd/. Listen!
Ishan dar ra bastand
Is it really difficult? Wonderful!
Now replace /dr/ with /pnjereh/. You will say:
1- I closed the window. /mn pnjereh ra: bstm/. Listen!
Man panjereh ra bastam
2- You closed the window. / to pnjereh ra: bsti/. Listen!
To panjereh ra basti
3- He/she closed the window. /u: pnjereh ra: bst/.
4- It closed the window. /a:n pnjereh ra: bst/.
5- We closed the window. /ma: pnjereh ra: bstim/.
6- You closed the window. /shoma: pnjereh ra: bstid/.
7- They closed the window. /a:nha: pnjereh ra: bstnd/.
Now, lets change the verb.
You already now what to see means in Persian. /didn/.
Lets try this one.
1- I saw the door. /mn dr ra: didm/. Listen!
Man dar ra didam
2- You saw the door. /to dr ra: didi/. Listen!
To dar ra didi
3- He/she saw the door. /u: dr ra: did/.
4- It saw the door. /a:n dr ra: did/.
5- We saw the door. /ma: dr ra: didim/.
6- You saw the door. /shoma: dr ra: didid/.
7- They saw the door. /a:nha: dr ra: didnd/.
All right. With this we come to the end of lesson 13. I hope you enjoyed it.
Please go to Useful drills page now to find some new words.
Feel tired? Hit me!
Useful Drills 13
Practice makes perfect!
Look at these new words:
Table = /mi:z/. Listen!
Meez
Glass = /liva:n/. Listen!
Livan
Book = /keta:b/. Listen!
Ketab
Note 1: Please try the following verbs with all subjective pronouns first. Then, go to note 2 for
further works!
To clean = /tmi:z krdn/. Listen!
Tamiz kardan
First change it into /tmi:z krd/. Then, pronounce it with subjective pronouns:
1- I cleaned = /mn tmi:z krdm/. Listen!
Man tamiz kardam
2- You cleaned = /to tmi:z krdi/. Listen!
To tamiz kardi
Now continue!
To wash = /shostn/. Listen!
Shostan
Change it into /shost/.
1- I washed = /mn shostm/. Listen!
Man shostam
2- You washed = /to shosti/. Listen!
To shosti
Now continue!
To open = /ba:z krdn/. Listen!
Baz kardan
Change it into /ba:z krd/.
1- I opened = /mn ba:z krdm/. Listen!
Man baz kardam
2- You opened = /to ba:z krdi/. Listen!
To baz kardi
Now continue!
Note 2: Now combine each sentence with the new words above. Example:
I cleaned the table = /mn mi:z ra: tmi:z krdm/. Listen!
Man miz ra tamiz kardam
All right. Now its your turn to continue.
Note: You may go to Persian samples pages to see if you can find any verbs in simple past tense.
Do not pronounce the verbs that we have not studied yet. Just try to find the familiar ones.
Lesson 14
I hope you are enjoying the lessons. Please let me receive your suggestions. Your suggestions
will bring a lot of change!
Today, we are going to take care of some new hints.
Hint 1 As you have noticed, we have some letters after each verb when we want to combine
verbs with the subjective pronouns. Look at the examples below:
I closed. You already know its meaning in Persian. Dont you? It means /mn
bstm/. Thats what I am talking about. We have /mim/ after verb when the subject is
/mn/.
And this one: you closed. /to bsti/. Here we have after verb, when the
subject is .
As a general rule (applicable to all subjective pronouns in all tenses), we may skip over the
subjective pronouns in sentences. Its because the people who are listening to you can guess the
subject of the sentence quite easily even if you dont tell them the subject of your sentence. They
would know the subject of your sentences through the letters attached to verbs. If I say
/bsti/, youll know that the subject is and if I say /bstid/ youll know
that the subject is .
Result:
1- I closed the door = = /dr ra: bstm/. No subjects
needed.
2- You closed the door = = /dr ra: bsti.
3- He/she closed the door = = /dr ra: bst/.
4- It closed the door = = /dr ra: bst/.
5- We closed the door. = /dr ra: bstim/.
6- You closed the door = = /dr ra: bstid/.
7- They closed the door = = /dr ra: bstnd/. And
= /dr ra: bstnd/.
Now replace /dr/ with /keta:b/. You will say:
I closed the book = /keta:b ra: bstm/. Listen!
Ketab ra bastam
You closed the book =
/keta:b ra: bsti/. Listen!
Ketab ra basti
And so on.
Note: When applying this rule, we should take care of the importance of words in different
sentences. That is to say contextualization is really important. Basically, its the context that tells
us how to use words. Example: we are sitting in the room when someone comes in. He looks at
the window and expects to see it open. But the window is closed. He says, Who closed the
window? He puts emphasis on Who. So, the best answer here is I closed the window. Its
better not to delete the subject here.
In short, the way we put emphasis on words is the same in both English and Persian.
As a general rule, we generally delete subjects in our Persian sentences when the subject is not
emphasized.
You already know these words in Persian:
Yesterday = /diru:z/.
Today = /emru:z/.
Now lets expand our sentences in simple past tense.
So far, we have learned that verbs come at the end of Persian sentences and subjects come at the
beginning. We also know that all other items such as objects, time, and place come between
subjects and verbs. Is that correct? Wonderful!
Last week we learned this sentence: I cleaned the table. /mn
miz ra: tmiz krdm/.
The structure of this Persian sentence is like this: subject + object + verb.
Do you remember it?
Now we want to say I cleaned the table yesterday.
This is the English structure here: subject + verb + object + time (I use time for adverb of time,
and place for adverb of place).
Lets see what happens when we want to have the same sentence in Persian.
This is the structure in Persian: subject + object + time + verb.
So, we will say /mn miz ra: diru:z tmiz krdm/,
which means I cleaned the table yesterday. Is it difficult?
For such sentences, we may delete the subject in Persian, if the subject is not emphasized.
All right. Now lets try it with all subjective pronouns.
1- I cleaned the table yesterday = =
/miz ra: diru:z tmiz krdm/. Listen!
Miz ra dirooz tamiz kardam
2- You cleaned the table yesterday = /miz ra: diru:z tmiz
krdi/. Listen!
Miz ra dirooz tamiz kardi
3- He/she cleaned the table yesterday = /miz ra: diru:z tmiz
krd/. Listen!
Miz ra dirooz tamiz kard
4- It cleaned the table yesterday = /miz ra: diru:z tmiz krd/.
Listen!
Miz ra dirooz tamiz kard
5- We cleaned the table yesterday = /miz ra: diru:z tmiz
krdim/. Listen!
Miz ra dirooz tamiz kardim
6- You cleaned the table yesterday = /miz ra: diru:z tmiz
krdid/. Listen!
Miz ra tamiz kardid
7- They cleaned the table yesterday = /miz ra: diru:z tmiz
krdnd/. Listen!
Miz ra dirooz tamiz kardand
I hope its not difficult to follow.
Hint 2- As you have seen, we have two equivalents for They in Persian: /a:nha:/, and
/i:sha:n/. I think I can explain it now that we are more familiar with this.
To show respect to the person we are talking to, we normally use plural You for
singular You in Persian in the same way as the French use vous for tu. So, instead of
saying wed better say .
The same thing happens with He or She. We use plural form for he and she instead of
singular form. To do this, we use for . Consequently, the verb has to change into
plural form too. Look at the example below:
He/she cleaned = /i:sha:n tmiz krdnd/. Listen!
Ishan tamiz kardand
for /u: tmiz krd/. Listen!
Oo tamiz kard
You cleaned = /shoma: tmiz krdid/. Listen!
Shoma tamiz kardid
for /to tmiz krdi/. Listen!
To tamiz kardi
So, from now on, make the habit of using for and for in your
sentences.
Note: although is the Persian equivalent for They, it is mostly used for He/She in
Persian not for They.
Ok. With this we come to the end of lesson 14.
Please go to Useful drills page now for new words.
Useful Drills 14
Practice makes perfect!
Note: Before doing these homeworks, make sure you have learned the previous words
completely.
New words:
This = /in/. Listen!
In
That = /a:n/. Listen!
An
Man = /mrd/. Listen!
Mard
Woman = /zn/.Listen!
Zan
To buy = /khridn/. Listen!
Kharidan
Delete /nu:n/ first. Then combine it with subjective pronouns.
This book = /in keta:b/. Listen!
In ketab
That book = /a:n keta:b/. Listen!
An ketab
Make sentences: ( Follow the example) : subject+ object + time + verb
Note: You may delete subjects from your sentences.
1- I bought this book yesterday. /mn in keta:b ra:
diru:z khridm/. Listen!
Man in ketab ra dirooz kharidam
2- She bought this book yesterday.
3- We bought that book today.
4- They saw that man today.Listen!
Anha an mard ra emrooz didand
To see = /didn/.
5- You (plural) saw this woman yesterday.
6- He cleaned this table today.
Note: You may go to Persian samples pages to see if you can find any verbs in simple past tense.
Do not pronounce the verbs that we have not studied yet. Just try to find the familiar ones.
Lesson 15
Hello everyone, welcome back!
Some of you seem curious about the total number of the lessons Ill provide you with. Well, in
one word, I dont really know the answer! These lessons are not pre-written. So, the total number
is not clear. I just write one lesson for each week whenever I am close to my computer! The only
thing I can say now is that I will be with you as long as I have something new to tell you. No
matter how many years the wait will take me, I will be waiting for you to talk and write to me in
Persian. Teaching gives me a new life; fresh and strong.
After all, I have just owned my own domain name and my own web site! Dont expect me to
give up so easily! Will you?
Hopefully, all of you know that learning a language is different from learning about a language.
As long as we are busy learning the rules and grammar of a language, we are learning about that
language. And when the learning about a language procedure is over successfully, we will start
learning the language, which is using the language practically in our daily conversations. During
these lessons we are actually trying to learn about Persian. When these grammar rules are
finished we will enter a new and interesting stage that is learning this language. During the
learning this language procedure, we will use our knowledge really efficiently. And that day,
which I am waiting for, will be the great day when we can work together more positively. I can
see the day when you are the real English to Persian translators and vice versa. Then, we wont
have this much trouble with these rules any more. We will create a great atmosphere together
right here in this site, and you will become active partners in this course not as silent students.
You see, we have a lot to do. So, dont waste your time and energy in finding the total number of
the lessons! Just stay with me and Ill take you to the Persian world!
All right. How are the lessons? Please be in touch! The more I know you, the better Ill teach
you.
Now lets keep on working with simple past tense to make sure that it is fully understood and we
have no problems with this tense.
Please try to learn the following words first. Then go to Useful drills page for more work.
Friend = /du:st/ ==> Listen!
Doost
Father = /pedr/ ==> Listen!
Pedar
And /ba:ba:/==> Listen!
Baba
Mother = /ma:dr/ ==> Listen!
Madar
And /ma:ma:n/==> Listen!
Maman
Brother = /bra:dr/==> Listen!
Baradar
Sister = /kha:hr/ ==> Listen!
Khahar
Ok. Now lets see how we can say my friend in Persian.
Do you remember /mim/? Great! The problem is solved! Simply put after each word.
Thats it!
You will say:
My friend = /du:stm/. Listen!
Doostam
My father = /pedrm/. Listen!
Pedaram
And /ba:ba:m/. Listen!
Babam
My mother = /ma:drm/. Listen!
Madaram
And /ma:ma:nm/. Listen!
Mamanam
My brother = /bra:drm/. Listen!
Baradaram
My sister = /kha:hrm/. Listen!
Khaharam
Note: As you see, in most cases, we add /mim/ with /m/ pronunciation to the end of words.
And in a few cases, when the word ends with long vowels, we just put with no especial
sound, like what you see in . This rule is applicable to all nouns. You may simply put
after a noun to make it mine!
Example:
My book = /keta:bm/. Listen!
Ketabam
Note: as you have noticed, most Persian words have stress on last syllable. To see where you
can put stress on your words, please go to Lets write page.
Dont forget to check the Useful drills page now to do more exercise.
All right. With this we come to the end of lesson 15. I hope you liked it.
Useful Drills 15
Practice makes perfect!
Note: Before doing these homeworks, make sure you have learned the previous words fluently.
New words:
Car = /ma:shin/. Listen!
Mashin
House = /kha:neh/. Listen!
Khaneh
To sell = /foru:khtn/. Listen!
Forookhtan
Please translate the following words and sentences into Persian.
Section A:
1- Car.
2- This car.
3- My brother sold.
4- My brother sold this car.
5- My brother sold this car yesterday. subject+ object+ time+ verb.
Section B:
Now replace car with house.
Section C:
Now replace my brother with my friend.
Section D:
Now replace to sell with to buy.
Note: You may go to Persian samples pages to see if you can find any verbs in simple past tense.
Do not pronounce the verbs that we have not studied yet. Just try to find the familiar ones.