The impacts of urbanization on a city

1. Environmental Degradation:
Human activity that isn't controlled through appropriate infrastructure leads to damage to the
natural environment, and this damage increases with larger populations. Inadequate sewer
facilities lead to polluted water, unregulated growth leads to housing being built in
environmentally sensitive areas and a lack of gas or electricity leads to intensive cooking with
wood fires.
2. Lack of Infrastructure:
In a well-planned city, infrastructure is created in a sensible way to accommodate the
population. Electric grids, sewer facilities, gas lines and roads are expanded at the same rate as
the population. When rapid urbanization occurs, many of the new residents of a city are there
unofficially, living in informal slums and shanty towns that have inadequate or nonexistent
public services.
3. Unemployment:
Poor farmers and landless people gravitate to cities in search of work and an improved
standard of living, but often find themselves living in poverty in the city and unable to find
work. Since employment levels are related to levels of economic activity and development of
infrastructure, it isn't surprising that cities with many shanty towns have high levels of
unemployment.

The impacts of industrialization on a city
1. industrialization had a negative impact which led to over crowding in cities. people moving
into the city, there was a tremendous increase in population. This caused an increase in water
and air pollution. The workers houses were in poor conditions and many people were crowded
into very small spaces.
2. Another thing was overall negative is Child Labor. Children now had to start helping out their
families with providing money, and thus started working in factories. They had to work
exceptionally long hours, with almost no breaks, and low wages.
3. One more thing that was overall negative during the industrial revolution is the conditions in
Coal Mines. Although they created more jobs, they were one of the most dangerous jobs in the
city. The expected life span of Coal Mine workers was 17 years old. Children were forced to
crawl in tight spaces and narrow paths.


The impacts of social mobilization on a city:
I. Political - policy makers:
The extreme left column names some types of policy makers. Advocacy with and among leaders
in this group helps foster the commitment that will clear the way for action. The goal here is to
build consensus with sound data, to create a knowledgeable and supportive environment for
decision-making, including the allocation of adequate resources.
II. Bureaucratic/Technocratic government workers and technical experts
Policy makers depend on the technocrats, bureaucrats, and service professionals to provide the
rationale for decisions as well as to plan and implement programs. This sector includes
disparate groups, each with its own agenda, conflicting interests and concerns. Harmonizing the
disparate units in this sector is probably one of the greatest challenges in development,
because development specialists have hitherto failed to recognize how difficult it is to foster
unity among government units and technical groups.
III. Non-governmental sector
This covers a multitude of interests. Non governmental organizations for special purposes,
social institutions and associations that represent organized support, religious groups with their
ideological bends, commerce and industry that operate on a for-profit basis, and professional
groups that exist to advance their interests are here. Though difficult to mobilize, they do not
hide their positions. If their stakes are given recognition, they are important partners and allies
to mobilize the civil society for various health objectives.
IV. Community Groups
Community leaders, schools, churches, mosques and grassroots groups are critical to get
communities involved. They help transform development goals into action. Unfortunately, they
are often not given a voice in identifying problems and designing solutions. Popular
participation takes place here.