Kim Zeus Ga-an Criminal Law II

TITLE FIVE
CRIMES RELATED TO OPIUM AND OTHER PROHIBITED DRUGS (190-194)

COMPREHENSIVE DANGEROUS DRUGS ACT OF 2002
(RA No. 9165)

I. Acts Punishable:
a. importation of prohibited drugs
b. sale, administration, delivery, distribution and transportation of prohibited drugs
c. maintenance of a den, dive or resort for prohibited drug users
d. being employees or visitors of drug den
e. manufacture of prohibited drugs
f. possession or use
g. cultivation of plants
h. failure to comply with provisions relative to keeping of records of prescription
i. unnecessary prescription
j. possession of opium pipe and other paraphernalia
k. Importation, sale, etc. of regulated drugs

DRUG SYNDICATE any organized group of two (2) or more persons forming or joining together with the
intention of committing any offense prescribed under the act.

PLANTING OF EVIDENCE the willful act by any person of maliciously and surreptitiously inserting, placing,
adding or attaching directly or indirectly, through any overt or covert act, whatever quantity of any
dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor and essential chemical in the person, house, effects, or in the
immediate vicinity of an innocent individual for the purpose of implicating, incriminating or imputing the
commission of any violation of this Act.

P D E A Philippine Drug Enforcement Unit

Importation of prohibited/regulated drugs.

PENALTY : Life to death & fine of 500,000 to 10 million regardless of the Quantity and purity involved
MAXIMUM PENALTY :
1) Use of diplomatic Passport
2) Financier

Sale, administration, delivery, distribution and transaction of prohibited/regulated drugs.

- NOT BAILABLE

PENALTY : Life to death & fine of 500,000 to 10 million regardless of the Quantity and purity involved (
includes BROKER )
Qualifying Circumstances
1) if the victim of the offense is a minor or should a prohibited/regulated drug involve in any offense under
this section be the proximate cause of the death of a victim thereof, the maximum penalty herein shall be
imposed.
2) Financier
3) Sale made within 100m from school

Maintenance of a den, dive, or resort for prohibited/regulated drug users.
** Property escheated in favor of the government
Qualifying Circumstance where a prohibited/regulated drug is administered, delivered, or sold to a
minor who is allowed to use the same in such place, or should a prohibited drug be the proximate cause of
the death of the person using the same in such den, dive or resort, the maximum of the penalty shall be
imposed.

Manufacture of prohibited/regulated drugs.

Possession of prohibited/regulated drugs.
PENALTY :

a. Life to death & fine of 500,000 to 10 million
10 gms. Opium, morphine, heroine, cocaine, marijuana resin and Ecstasy.
50 gms. Shabu
500 gms. Marijuana

b. Life Imprisonment and a fine of P400,000.00-P500,000.00
10-50 gms. Shabu

c. 20 years to Life and a fine of 400,000.00-500,000.00
5-10 gms. Shabu

d. 12 20 years and a fine of 300,000.00-400,000.00
Less than 5 gms. Of any dangerous drugs

Possession of paraphernalia
6 mos. 4 yrs. & fine of 10,000 50,000

Use of Dangerous Drugs A person apprehended or arrested, who is found to be positive for use of any
dangerous drug, after a confirmatory test, shall be imposed a penalty of a minimum of six (6) months rehabilitation in
a government center for the first offense, subject to the provisions of Article VIII of this Act.

If apprehended using any dangerous drug act for the second time, he/she shall suffer the penalty of imprisonment
ranging from six (6) years and one (1) day to twelve(12) years and a fine ranging from Fifty thousand pesos
(P50,000.00) to Two hundred thousand pesos (P200,000.00);

Provided, That this section shall not be applicable where the person tested is also found to have in his/her possession
such quantity of any dangerous drug provided for under Section 11 of this Act, in which case the provisions stated
therein shall apply.

Cultivation of plants which are sources of prohibited drugs.
Penalty - Life to death and a fine of P500,000.00 to P10 Million

a Note: The land/portions thereof and/or greenhouses in which any of the said plants is cultivated or
cultured shall be confiscated and escheated to the State, unless the owner thereof can prove that he
did not know of such cultivation or culture despite the exercise of due diligence on his part.

b Qualifying Circumstance
1. If the land involved is part of the public domain, the maximum of the penalty herein provided shall be
imposed.
2. Maximum penalty imposed on financier

Failure to keep records of prescription, sales, purchases, acquisitions and/or deliveries of
prohibited/regulated drugs

Persons liable:
Pharmacist, Physician, Dentist, Veterinarian, Manufacturer, Wholesaler, Importer, Distributor, Dealer,
Retailer

Unlawful prescription of prohibited/regulated drugs
Penalty life to death and a fine of P500,000 to P10 Million

Unnecessary prescription of prohibited/regulated drugs
Penalty 12 to 20 years and fine of P100,000 to P500,000 plus revocation of license

Persons Liable: Physician or dentist who shall prescribe any prohibited/regulated drug for any person
whose physical/physiological condition does not require the use of thereof.

Confiscation and forfeiture of the proceeds or instruments of the unlawful act, including the properties of the
proceeds derived from the illegal trafficking of
dangerous drugs.

Forfeited infavor of the government

After the conviction in the Regional Trial Court in the appropriate criminal case filed, the Court shall immediately
schedule a hearing for the confiscation and forfeiture of all the proceeds of the offense and all the assets and properties of
the accused either owned or held by him or in the name of some other persons if the same shall be found to be manifestly
out of proportion of his/her income; Provided, however, That if the forfeited property is a vehicle, the same shall be
auctioned off not later than five (5) days upon order of confiscation or forfeiture.

During the pendency of the case in the Regional Trial Court, no property, or income derived therefrom, which may be
confiscated and forfeited, shall be disposed, alienated or transferred and the same shall be in custodia legis and no bond
shall be admitted for the release of the same.

Custody and disposition of confiscated, seized and/or surrendered dangerous drugs

PDEA in charge and custody for proper disposition

Procedure in Disposal
1. Apprehending team immediately after seizure shall make physical inventory and photograph the seized drugs in the
presence of the accused or his counsel, a representative of the media and DOJ and any elected public official who shall
sign the copies of the inventory.

2. Within 24 hours upon confiscation/seizure of dangerous drugs, such drug shall be submitted to the PDEA forensic
laboratory for a qualitative and quantitative examination.

3. Certification of the forensic examination results shall be issued within 24 hours.

4. After the filing of the criminal case, the proper court shall conduct and ocular inspection within 72 hours of the
confiscated, seized and/or surrendered dangerous drugs.

5. After ocular inspection by the court, PDEA shall destroy or burn the confiscated, seized and/or surrendered dangerous
drugs within 24 hours in the presence of the accused or his counsel, representative of the media and the DOJ, civil society
groups and any elected public officer.

6. PDEA shall issue a certification of such destruction and samples of the dangerous drugs shall be submitted to the court.

Plea-Bargaining

Any person charged under any commission of this act regardless of the imposable penalty shall not be allowed to avail of
the provision on plea-bargaining.

Probation Law
Any person convicted for drug trafficking regardless of the penalty imposed cannot avail of the privilege granted by the
probation law.

Qualifying Aggravating Circumstance
A positive finding for the use of dangerous drugs shall be a qualifying aggravating circumstance in the commission of a
crime by an offender and the application of the penalty provided for in the RPC.

Possession of opium pipe, equipment, apparatus or any paraphernalia fit or intended for smoking,
consuming, administering, injecting, ingesting, or otherwise using opium or any other prohibited drug, shall
be prima facie evidence that the possessor has smoked, consumed, administered to himself, injected or
used a prohibited drug.

Attempt and conspiracy to commit the following offenses:
a Importation of dangerous drugs

b Sale, administration, delivery, distribution and transportation of dangerous drugs

c Maintenance of a den, dive or resort for prohibited drugs

d Manufacture of dangerous drugs

e Cultivation or culture of plants which are sources of prohibited drugs

Other persons liable:

a If the violation of the Act is committed by a partnership, corporation, association or any judicial person,
the partner, president, director, or manager who consents to or knowingly tolerates such violation shall
be held criminally liable as co-principal.

b Partner, president, director, manager, officer or stockholder, who knowingly authorizes, tolerates, or
consents to the use of a vehicle, vessel, or aircraft as an instrument in the importation, sale, delivery,
distribution or transportation of dangerous drugs, or to the use of their equipment, machines or other
instruments in the manufacture of any dangerous drugs, if such vehicle, vessel, aircraft, equipment, or
other instrument, is owned or under the control and supervision of the partnership, corporation,
association or judicial entity to which they are affiliated.

Criminal liability of a public officer or employee for misappropriation, misapplication or failure to
account for the confiscated, seized and/or surrendered dangerous drugs

Penalty - life to death and a fine of P500,000.00 to P10 Million in addition to absolute perpetual
disqualification from any public office.

Any elective local or national official found to have benefited from the proceeds of the trafficking of
dangerous drugs or have received any financial or material contributions from persons found guilty of drug
trafficking dangerous drugs, shall be removed from office and perpetually disqualified from holding any
elective or appointive positions in the government.

Planting of Evidence
Any person who is found guilty of planting any dangerous drug regardless of the quantity and purity, shall
suffer the penalty of death.

Drug Testing
1. Applicants for drivers license - mandatory

2. Applicants for firearms license and for permit to carry - mandatory

3. Students of secondary and tertiary schools random (school shall shoulder expenses)

4. Officers and employees of private and public offices random (employer shall shoulder expenses)
Any officer or employee found positive for use of dangerous drug shall be dealt with administratively which
shall be a ground for suspension or termination subject to Art. 282 of the Labor Code and pertinent
provisions of the Civil Service Law.

5. Officers and members of the military, police and other law enforcement agencies annual mandatory

6. All persons charged before the prosecutors office with a criminal offense having an impossible penalty
of imprisonment of not less than six (6) years and one (1) day shall have to undergo a mandatory drug test

7. All candidates for public office whether appointed or elected both in the national or local government
shall undergo a mandatory drug test.

Issuance of False or fraudulent drug test results (whether willfully or through gross negligence)

Penalty 6 to 12 years and fine P100,000.00 to P500,000.00
Additional penalty revocation of license to practice and closure of the drug testing center

II. For the purpose of enforcing the provisions of this Act, all school heads, supervisors and teachers shall
be deemed to be persons in authority and, as such, are vested with the power to apprehend, arrest, or
cause the apprehension or arrest of any person who shall violate any of the said provision.

a. NOTE: They shall be considered as persons in authority if they are in the school or within its
immediate vicinity, or beyond such immediate vicinity if they are in attendance in any school or
class function in their official capacity as school heads, supervisors or teachers.

b. Any teacher or school employee who discovers or finds that any person in the school or within its
immediate vicinity is violating this Act shall have the duty to report the violation to the school head
or supervisor who shall, in turn, report the matter to the proper authorities. Failure to report in either
case shall, after hearing, constitute sufficient cause for disciplinary action.

III. Rules regarding rehabilitation of drug dependents

Voluntary submission
a. Voluntary submission of a drug dependent to confinement, treatment and rehabilitation by the drug
dependent himself or through his parent, guardian or relative within the 4
th
civil degree of consanguinity
or affinity, in a center and compliance with such conditions therefor as the Dangerous Drugs Board may
prescribe shall exempt from criminal liability for possession or use of the prohibited/regulated drug.
(Applicable only to those liable for use of dangerous drugs and not to possession and sale)

b. Should the drug dependent escape from the center, he may submit himself for confinement within 1
week from the date of his escape, of his parent guardian or relative may, within the same period
surrender him for confinement.

c. Upon application of the Board, the Court shall issue an order for recommitment if the drug dependent
does not resubmit himself for confinement or if he is not surrendered for recommitment.

d. If, subsequent to such recommitment, he should escape again, he shall no longer be exempt from
criminal liability for the use or possession of any dangerous drug.

e. If a person charged with an offense is found by the fiscal or by the Court at any stage of the
proceedings, to be a drug dependent, the fiscal or court as the case may be, shall suspend all further
proceedings and transmit records of the case to the Board.

f. After his rehabilitation, he shall be prosecuted for such violation. In case of conviction, the judgement
shall, if the accused is certified by the treatment and rehabilitation center to have maintained good
behavior, indicate that he shall be given full credit for the period he was confined in the center.

NOTE: When the offense is use of dangerous drugs and the accused is not a recidivist, the penalty
thereof shall be deemed to have been served in the center upon his release therefrom.

g. The period of prescription of the offense charged shall not run during the time that the
respondent/accused is under detention or confinement in a center.

h. Requisites of suspension of sentence for first offense in a minor:

1. If accused is a minor (under 18 years of age at the time of the commission of the offense but not
more than 21 years of age when the judgement should have been promulgated.

2. He has not been previously convicted of violating any provision of this Act or of the RPC or placed
on probation.

Sentence shall be deferred and the accused shall be placed on probation under the supervision
of the Board.

In case of violation of conditions of pardon, court shall pronounce judgment of conviction and he
shall serve sentence.

If accused did not violate conditions of probation, case shall be dismissed upon expiration of the
designated period.

Compulsory submission
If a person charged with an offense where the imposable penalty is imprisonment of not
more than six (6) years and one (1) day, and is found by the prosecutor or by the court, at any stage of the
proceedings, to be a drug dependent, the prosecutor of the court as the case may be, shall suspend all further
proceedings and transmit copies of the record of the case to the Board.

Jurisdiction Over Dangerous Drug Cases

Section 90. J urisdiction The Supreme Court shall designate special courts from among the existing Regional Trial
Court in each judicial region to exclusively try and hear cases involving violations of this Act. The number of court
designated in each judicial region shall be based on population and the number of cases pending in their respective
jurisdiction.

The DOJ shall designate special prosecutors to exclusively handle cases involving violations of this Act.

The preliminary investigation of cases filed under this Act shall be terminated within a period of thirty (30) days from the
date of their filing.

When the preliminary investigation is conducted by a public prosecutor and a probable cause is established, the
corresponding information shall be filed in court within 24 hours from the termination of the investigation. If the
preliminary investigation is conducted by a judge and a probable cause is found to exist, the corresponding information
shall be filed by the proper prosecutor within 48 hours from the receipt of the records of the case.

Section 91. Responsibility and Liability of Law Enforcement Agencies and Other Government Officials and Employees
Testifying as Prosecution Witnesses in Dangerous Drugs Cases Any member of law enforcement agencies or any
other government official and employees who, after due notice, fails or refuses intentionally or negligently, to appear as a
witness for the prosecution in any proceedings, involving violations of this Act, without any valid reason, shall be
punished with imprisonment of not less than twelve (12) years and one (1) day to 20 years and a fine of not less than
P500,000.00, in addition to the administrative liability he/she may be meted out by his/her immediate superior and/or
appropriate body.

The immediate superior of a member of the law enforcement agency or any other government employee mentioned in the
preceding paragraph shall be penalized with imprisonment of not less than two (2) months and one (1) day but not more
than six (6) years and a fine of not less than P10,000.00 but not more than P50,000 and in addition, perpetual absolute
disqualification from public office if despite due notice to them and to the witness concerned, the former does not exert
reasonable effort to present the latter to the court.

The member of the law enforcement agency or any other government employee mentioned in the preceding paragraphs
shall not be transferred or re-assigned to any other territorial jurisdiction during the pendency of the case in court.
However, the concerned member of the law enforcement agency or government employee may be transferred or re-
assigned for compelling reasons; Provided, That his/her immediate superior shall notify the court where the case is
pending of the order of transfer or re-assign, within 24 hours from its approval; Provided further, That his/her immediate
superior shall be penalized with imprisonment of not less than two (2) months and one (1) day but not less than six (6)
years and a fine of not less than P10,000.00 but not more than P50,000.00 and in addition, perpetual absolute
disqualification from public office, should he/she fail to notify the court of such order to transfer or re-assign.

Prosecution and punishment under this Section shall be without prejudice to any liability for violation of any existing law.

Section 92. Delay and Bungling in the Prosecution of Drug Cases. - Any government officer or employee tasked
with the prosecution of drug-related cases under this Act, who, through patent laxity, inexcusable neglect,
unreasonable delay or deliberately causes the unsuccessful prosecution and/or dismissal ranging from 12
years and 1 day to 20 years without prejudice to his/her prosecution under the pertinent provisions of the
Revised Penal Code.

a Buy Bust Operation no law or rule to require policemen to adopt a uniform way of identifying BUY
MONEY (P v. Abedes)

b Absence of ultraviolet powder is not fatal in the prosecution

c Transportation/importation of MJ immaterial whether there may or may not be a distinction for the MJ

d Distinguish Entrapment and Instigation:

1. If prosecution can prove the crime without presenting the informer or asset not necessary
because their testimonies are merely corroborative. Poseur buyer it depends on whether the
prosecution can prove the crime without their testimonies (P v. Rosalinda Ramos)

2. Under the RA, special aggravating circumstance if a crime has been committed while the accused
was high on drugs (P v. Anthony Belgar)

3. Delivery or Sale of Prohibited Drugs the accused must be aware that what he is selling or
delivering was prohibited drug. But the moment the fact of sale or delivery is proved by prosecution,
the burden to prove that the accused is not aware that drugs are prohibited falls on the defense (P
v. Aranda)

4. P v. Angelito Manalo burden of proving the authority to possess shabu is a matter of defense

5. P v. Hilario Moscaling court may take judicial notice of the word shabu

6. Criminal liabilities of a policeman who sold the drugs confiscated from a pusher: violation of RA
9165 and malversation under RPC.

e Planting evidence to implicate another

f Buy Bust Operation form of entrapment (P v. Alberto) not necessary to have prior police
surveillance (P v. Carlos Franca)

g Possession constructive or actual not necessary to adduce the marked money as evidence (P v.
Romeo Macara)

h Separate crimes sale/possession of MJ found in his possession after he was frisked but he cant be
convicted for possession of MJ that he sold

i If victim is minor or drug is proximate cause of death max penalty is imposed

1. First offense of a minor suspension of sentence

CONDITIONS:
under 18 at time of commission but not more than 21 at time when judgment was promulgated

found guilty of possession or use of prohibited or regulated drugs

not been previously convicted of violating any provision of this Act or the RPC

not been placed on probation

defer sentence, place on probation for 6 months to 1 year

violation of probation pronounce sentence convict and serve sentence

no violation discharge him and dismiss the proceeding

if minor is drug dependent commit to a center for treatment and rehabilitation