Bipolar disorder can be difficult to diagnose.

Unless you have severe mania, in which case

the signs are unmistakable, the symptoms can be hard to spot. People who have hypomania, a
milder form of the manic side, may only feel more energized than usual, more confident and
full of ideas, and able to get by on less sleep-and hardly anyone complains about that. You're
more likely to seek help if you're suffering from depression, but then your doctor may not
catch the manic side. If you're worried that you or a loved one may have bipolar disorder, the
best thing to do is educate yourself about the different types of the illness and their
symptoms. Here's what to look for.
Advertisement
Kinds of Bipolar Disorder
Bipolar disorder is marked by extreme mood swings from highs to lows. These episodes can
last hours, days, weeks, or months. The mood swings may even become mixed, so you might
feel like crying over something upbeat. The most common kinds of bipolar disorder fall into
these two categories:
Bipolar I: This is the classic form of the illness. Bipolar I leaves no doubt as to
whether someone is in a manic phase, as their behavior quickly escalates until they
are out of control. If left untreated, the person could end up in the emergency room or
worse.
Bipolar II: Four times more common than Bipolar I, Bipolar II is characterized by
much less severe manic symptoms. These signs are harder for people to see in
themselves, and it's often up to friends or loved ones to encourage them to get help.
Without proper treatment, hypomania often becomes worse, and the patient can
become severely manic or depressed.
Symptoms
According to the National Institute of Mental Health and other authorities, bipolar disorder
may include these warning signs:
Seven Signs of Bipolar Mania:
1. Feeling overly happy or optimistic for long stretches of time
2. Feeling easily agitated-some describe it as feeling jumpy or "twitchy"
3. Talking fast
4. Restlessness or impulsiveness
5. Impaired judgment
6. Over-confidence
7. Engaging in risky behavior, such as having impulsive sex, gambling one's savings, or
going on big spending sprees
Seven Signs of Bipolar Depression:
1. Feeling sad or worried for long periods
2. Withdrawal from friends and family and a loss of interest in activities
3. Loss or increase in appetite
4. Fatigue
5. Slow speech
6. Problems with memory and concentration
7. Thoughts or attempts of suicide
Bipolar Disorder Signs & Symptoms
Recognizing Mania, Hypomania and Bipolar Depression


We all have our ups and downs, but with bipolar disorder, these peaks and valleys are more
severe. The symptoms of bipolar disorder can hurt your job and school performance, damage
your relationships, and disrupt your daily life. And although its treatable, many people dont
recognize the warning signs and get the help they need. Since bipolar disorder tends to
worsen without treatment, its important to learn what the symptoms look like. Recognizing
the problem is the first step to getting better.
In This Article:
What is bipolar disorder?
Signs and symptoms
Treatment
Self-Help
Bipolar disorder and suicide
Causes and triggers

What is bipolar disorder?
You can help yourself feel better!
Bipolar Support and Self-Help
Bipolar disorder (also known as manic depression) causes serious shifts in mood, energy,
thinking, and behaviorfrom the highs of mania on one extreme, to the lows of depression
on the other. More than just a fleeting good or bad mood, the cycles of bipolar disorder last
for days, weeks, or months. And unlike ordinary mood swings, the mood changes of bipolar
disorder are so intense that they interfere with your ability to function.
During a manic episode, a person might impulsively quit a job, charge up huge amounts on
credit cards, or feel rested after sleeping two hours. During a depressive episode, the same
person might be too tired to get out of bed, and full of self-loathing and hopelessness over
being unemployed and in debt.
The causes of bipolar disorder arent completely understood, but it often appears to be
hereditary. The first manic or depressive episode of bipolar disorder usually occurs in the
teenage years or early adulthood. The symptoms can be subtle and confusing; many people
with bipolar disorder are overlooked or misdiagnosedresulting in unnecessary suffering.
But with proper treatment and support, you can lead a rich and fulfilling life.
Myths and Facts About Bipolar Disorder
Myth: People with bipolar disorder cant get better or lead a normal life.
Fact: Many people with bipolar disorder have successful careers, happy family lives, and
satisfying relationships. Living with bipolar disorder is challenging, but with treatment,
healthy coping skills, and a solid support system, you can live fully while managing your
symptoms.
Myth: People with bipolar disorder swing back and forth between mania and
depression.
Fact: Some people alternate between extreme episodes of mania and depression, but most are
depressed more often than they are manic. Mania may also be so mild that it goes
unrecognized. People with bipolar disorder can also go for long stretches without symptoms.
Myth: Bipolar disorder only affects mood.
Fact: Bipolar disorder also affects your energy level, judgment, memory, concentration,
appetite, sleep patterns, sex drive, and self-esteem. Additionally, bipolar disorder has been
linked to anxiety, substance abuse, and health problems such as diabetes, heart disease,
migraines, and high blood pressure.
Myth: Aside from taking medication, there is nothing you can do to control bipolar
disorder.
Fact: While medication is the foundation of bipolar disorder treatment, therapy and self-help
strategies also play important roles. You can help control your symptoms by exercising
regularly, getting enough sleep, eating right, monitoring your moods, keeping stress to a
minimum, and surrounding yourself with supportive people.
Signs and symptoms of bipolar disorder
Source: NIMH
Bipolar disorder can look very different in different
people. The symptoms vary widely in their pattern,
severity, and frequency. Some people are more
prone to either mania or depression, while others
alternate equally between the two types of episodes.
Some have frequent mood disruptions, while others
experience only a few over a lifetime.
There are four types of mood episodes in bipolar
disorder: mania, hypomania, depression, and mixed episodes. Each type of bipolar disorder
mood episode has a unique set of symptoms.
Signs and symptoms of mania
In the manic phase of bipolar disorder, feelings of heightened energy, creativity, and euphoria
are common. People experiencing a manic episode often talk a mile a minute, sleep very
little, and are hyperactive. They may also feel like theyre all-powerful, invincible, or
destined for greatness.
But while mania feels good at first, it has a tendency to spiral out of control. People often
behave recklessly during a manic episode: gambling away savings, engaging in inappropriate
sexual activity, or making foolish business investments, for example. They may also become
angry, irritable, and aggressivepicking fights, lashing out when others dont go along with
their plans, and blaming anyone who criticizes their behavior. Some people even become
delusional or start hearing voices.
Hypomania symptoms
Hypomania is a less severe form of mania. People in a hypomanic state feel euphoric,
energetic, and productive, but they are able to carry on with their day-to-day lives and they
never lose touch with reality. To others, it may seem as if people with hypomania are merely
in an unusually good mood. However, hypomania can result in bad decisions that harm
relationships, careers, and reputations. In addition, hypomania often escalates to full-blown
mania or is followed by a major depressive episode.
Common signs and symptoms of mania include:
Feeling unusually high and optimistic OR extremely irritable
Unrealistic, grandiose beliefs about ones abilities or powers
Sleeping very little, but feeling extremely energetic
Talking so rapidly that others cant keep up
Racing thoughts; jumping quickly from one idea to the next
Highly distractible, unable to concentrate
Impaired judgment and impulsiveness
Acting recklessly without thinking about the consequences
Delusions and hallucinations (in severe cases)
Signs and symptoms of bipolar depression
In the past, bipolar depression was lumped in with regular depression, but a growing body of
research suggests that there are significant differences between the two, especially when it
comes to recommended treatments. Most people with bipolar depression are not helped by
antidepressants. In fact, there is a risk that antidepressants can make bipolar disorder worse
triggering mania or hypomania, causing rapid cycling between mood states, or interfering
with other mood stabilizing drugs.
Despite many similarities, certain symptoms are more common in bipolar depression than in
regular depression. For example, bipolar depression is more likely to involve irritability,
guilt, unpredictable mood swings, and feelings of restlessness. People with bipolar depression
also tend to move and speak slowly, sleep a lot, and gain weight. In addition, they are more
likely to develop psychotic depressiona condition in which theyve lost contact with
realityand to experience major disability in work and social functioning.
Common symptoms of bipolar depression include:
Feeling hopeless, sad, or empty.
Irritability
Inability to experience pleasure
Fatigue or loss of energy
Physical and mental sluggishness
Appetite or weight changes
Sleep problems
Concentration and memory problems
Feelings of worthlessness or guilt
Thoughts of death or suicide
Signs and symptoms of a mixed episode
A mixed episode of bipolar disorder features symptoms of both mania or hypomania and
depression. Common signs of a mixed episode include depression combined with agitation,
irritability, anxiety, insomnia, distractibility, and racing thoughts. This combination of high
energy and low mood makes for a particularly high risk of suicide.
The different faces of bipolar disorder
Bipolar I Disorder (mania or a mixed episode) This is the classic manic-depressive form of
the illness, characterized by at least one manic episode or mixed episode. Usuallybut not
alwaysBipolar I Disorder also involves at least one episode of depression.
Bipolar II Disorder (hypomania and depression) In Bipolar II disorder, the person doesnt
experience full-blown manic episodes. Instead, the illness involves episodes of hypomania
and severe depression.
Cyclothymia (hypomania and mild depression) Cyclothymia is a milder form of bipolar
disorder that consists of cyclical mood swings. However, the symptoms are less severe than
full-blown mania or depression.
Treatment for bipolar disorder
If you spot the symptoms of bipolar depression in yourself or someone else, dont wait to get
help. Ignoring the problem wont make it go away; in fact, it will almost certainly get worse.
Living with untreated bipolar disorder can lead to problems in everything from your career to
your relationships to your health. Diagnosing the problem as early as possible and getting
into treatment can help prevent these complications.
If youre reluctant to seek treatment because you like the way you feel when youre manic,
remember that the energy and euphoria come with a price. Mania and hypomania often turn
destructive, hurting you and the people around you.
Basics of bipolar disorder treatment
Bipolar disorder requires long-term treatment. Since bipolar disorder is a chronic,
relapsing illness, its important to continue treatment even when youre feeling better.
Most people with bipolar disorder need medication to prevent new episodes and stay
symptom-free.
There is more to treatment than medication. Medication alone is usually not
enough to fully control the symptoms of bipolar disorder. The most effective
treatment strategy for bipolar disorder involves a combination of medication, therapy,
lifestyle changes, and social support.
Its best to work with an experienced psychiatrist. Bipolar disorder is a complex
condition. Diagnosis can be tricky and treatment is often difficult. For safety reasons,
medication should be closely monitored. A psychiatrist who is skilled in bipolar
disorder treatment can help you navigate these twists and turns.
Self-help for bipolar disorder
While dealing with bipolar disorder isnt always easy, it doesnt have to run your life. But in
order to successfully manage bipolar disorder, you have to make smart choices. Your lifestyle
and daily habits have a significant impact on your moods.
Get educated. Learn as much as you can about bipolar disorder. The more you know,
the better youll be at assisting your own recovery.
Keep stress in check. Avoid high-stress situations, maintain a healthy work-life
balance, and try relaxation techniques such as meditation, yoga, or deep breathing.
Seek support. Its important to have people you can turn to for help and
encouragement. Try joining a support group or talking to a trusted friend. Reaching
out is not a sign of weakness and it wont mean youre a burden to others. In fact,
most friends will be flattered that you trust them enough to confide in them, and it
will only strengthen your relationship.
Make healthy choices. Healthy sleeping, eating, and exercising habits can help
stabilize your moods. Keeping a regular sleep schedule is particularly important.
Monitor your moods. Keep track of your symptoms and watch for signs that your
moods are swinging out of control so you can stop the problem before it starts.
Bipolar disorder and suicide
The depressive phase of bipolar disorder is often very severe, and suicide is a major risk
factor. In fact, people suffering from bipolar disorder are more likely to attempt suicide than
those suffering from regular depression. Furthermore, their suicide attempts tend to be more
lethal.
The risk of suicide is even higher in people with bipolar disorder who have frequent
depressive episodes, mixed episodes, a history of alcohol or drug abuse, a family history of
suicide, or an early onset of the disease.
The warning signs of suicide include:
Talking about death, self-harm, or suicide
Feeling hopeless or helpless
Feeling worthless or like a burden to
others
Acting recklessly, as if one has a death
wish
Putting affairs in order or saying goodbye
Seeking out weapons or pills that could be
used to commit suicide
Bipolar disorder causes and triggers
Bipolar disorder has no single cause. It appears that certain people are genetically
predisposed to bipolar disorder, yet not everyone with an inherited vulnerability develops the
illness, indicating that genes are not the only cause. Some brain imaging studies show
physical changes in the brains of people with bipolar disorder. Other research points to
neurotransmitter imbalances, abnormal thyroid function, circadian rhythm disturbances, and
high levels of the stress hormone cortisol.
External environmental and psychological factors are also believed to be involved in the
development of bipolar disorder. These external factors are called triggers. Triggers can set
off new episodes of mania or depression or make existing symptoms worse. However, many
bipolar disorder episodes occur without an obvious trigger.
Stress Stressful life events can trigger bipolar disorder in someone with a genetic
vulnerability. These events tend to involve drastic or sudden changeseither good or
badsuch as getting married, going away to college, losing a loved one, getting fired,
or moving.
Substance Abuse While substance abuse doesnt cause bipolar disorder, it can
bring on an episode and worsen the course of the disease. Drugs such as cocaine,
ecstasy, and amphetamines can trigger mania, while alcohol and tranquilizers can
trigger depression.
Medication Certain medications, most notably antidepressant drugs, can trigger
mania. Other drugs that can cause mania include over-the-counter cold medicine,
appetite suppressants, caffeine, corticosteroids, and thyroid medication.
Seasonal Changes Episodes of mania and depression often follow a seasonal
pattern. Manic episodes are more common during the summer, and depressive
episodes more common during the fall, winter, and spring.
Sleep Deprivation Loss of sleepeven as little as skipping a few hours of rest
can trigger an episode of mania.
Psychosis in Bipolar Disorder Treatment Decisions
By Natasha Tracy | Published May 8, 2013
TEXT SIZE: A A A

Share on print Share on email
In the last article I talked about the presence of psychosis in
bipolar disorder. In this article I will explore the treatment of psychosis in bipolar disorder.
The classic treatment for psychosis is, of course, an antipsychotic. However, there are
proponents of other forms for treatment for psychosis. In fact, sometimes even a wait and
see approach is worth considering.
Options for the treatment of psychosis include:
antipsychotic medication
careful monitoring without medication (wait and see)
an alternative approach, where available (such as Moshers Soteria House or Open Dialogue
in Finland, typically in cases of psychosis related to schizophrenia)
However, even in an alternative approach or a wait and see approach, antipsychotic use
may be deemed necessary at some point. It varies from person to person.
Delaying Treatment of Psychosis with Antipsychotics
Now, doctors almost always prescribe an antipsychotic immediately for psychosis and rarely
do they discuss any delay of that treatment. They may also not fully represent the risks to
patients nor take into account a patients wishes.
There are some inherent problems with this. Namely, the patient often feels like he/she isnt
being respected, he becomes disenfranchised with psychiatry, he feels coerced, he is more
likely to be nonadherent to treatment, and he may be more likely to refuse help in the future.
According to a Psychiatric Times article, these problems come about because doctors may:
have too much faith in the efficacy of antipsychotics.
have too strong a belief in the necessity of early treatment with antipsychotics.
believe that the course of psychosis will naturally get worse over time and possibly harm the
brain while doing so.
believe that it is harder to treat longer-standing psychosis.
believe that psychotic patients de facto, cannot make treatment decisions.
believe it is impractical to delay treatment.
And, in point of fact, some of these beliefs are entirely reasonable and may make medicating
psychosis a necessity in many cases. But it is important to remember that sometimes the
wait and see approach is successful and, in some instances, it, too, is reasonable.
(Unfortunately, the practicality of this approach is questionable as most people cannot be
acutely psychotic in the community and remain safe.)
I do also stress that some people in a psychotic state absolutely are not capable of making
good treatment decisions. (This may be due to a clinical lack of insight caused by their illness
known as anosognosia.) Some people in psychosis are also at real risk for violent behavior
and hurting themselves or someone else. In these cases, treatment without consent is typically
necessary.
Taking Part in Bipolar Psychosis Treatment Decisions
The important thing to remember is that the patients wishes always need to be heard, even in
the cases where they may have to be overridden, and in many cases, his wishes can be
realized. Doctors need to be more open to the options suggested by patients and be more
forthright about the implications of treatment options.
Alternative Treatments for Bipolar Disorder

Overview
Lifestyle Changes
Supplements
Mind-Body
More on Healthline
Part 1 of 4: Overview
Alternative Treatments
Alternative treatments aim to ease the symptoms of bipolar disorder. Such treatments can
lower stress that may trigger manic or depressive episodes. There is some doubt as to whether
these treatments really work, and there is little research evidence when compared to
traditional treatments. But many people with bipolar disorder claim to have had some success
with alternative therapies.
Always check with your doctor before using any alternative treatments.
Part 2 of 4: Lifestyle Changes
Lifestyle Changes
There are some behaviors that may trigger bipolar episodes. Here are some lifestyle changes
that doctors and psychologists suggest to help avoid triggers.
Exercise Regularly
Physical exercise can help steady mood and ease depression. Exercise releases brain
chemicals called endorphins, which cause euphoric feelings and can help you sleep better.
Exercise is also good for your heart and can help you maintain a healthy weight. This is
especially important for people with bipolar disorder, as they have a higher risk for heart
disease, diabetes, and obesity.
Get Plenty of Sleep
Adequate sleep can help stabilize your mood and reduce irritability. If you have trouble
sleeping, cut back on caffeine and schedule your exercise for the morning hours. If this
doesnt work, talk to your doctor they may have other strategies for you, or may want to
look at your current medication regimen.
Avoid Unhealthy Relationships
You may have some relationships that encourage unhealthy behaviors that can trigger
depression or mania. These relationships can worsen your bipolar disorder. Try to surround
yourself with people who are positive influences.
Avoid Alcohol and Illegal Substances
Abuse of alcohol and other substances is common in people with bipolar disorder, but this
increases the risk of depression or risk-taking behavior. If you are not able to quit on your
own, seek help from a professional.
Eat Healthy Foods
Consuming fatty fish may help reduce depression and improve brain function. It may also
help have a positive affect on the moods of those with bipolar disorder. Fatty fish is also good
for the heart. The American Heart Association recommends fish like albacore tuna, herring,
mackerel, salmon, and sardines. Try to have at least two servings a week. Reduce your intake
of saturated and trans fats which have been linked to brain chemical imbalances. Your doctor
might recommend stopping caffeine, which can alter mood and disrupt sleep.
Part 3 of 4: Supplements
Herbs and Supplements
Clinical trials have yet to prove that any currently available over-the-counter supplements are
effective for treating bipolar disorder. But there is some preliminary evidence that they may
help stabilize mood and relieve depression. Remember, the FDA does not monitor the safety
of herbs or supplements. Never use them without consulting with your doctor.
Fish Oil
Bipolar disorder appears to be less common in parts of the world where people regularly
consume fish and fish oil. It is thought that fish oil may help improve brain function and
depression. However, the studies on fish oil do not account for other environmental factors
that may affect the rate of bipolar disease in a community. In other words, studies have only
shown correlation and not causation.
Fish oil is rich in omega-3 fatty acids, which have been found in small studies to reduce
irritability and aggression. It is shown to maintain mood stability better than placebo in
people with bipolar disorder. Beneficial doses range from 1 to 9 grams. Studies have found
that fish oil and omega-3 fatty acids can help reduce depression symptoms. But more studies
are needed to determine just how much they can help people with bipolar disorder.
Consuming even 1 gram of fish oil per day is nearly impossible in the modern American diet.
Supplements are required to consistently reach this level of intake.
Amino Acids
Studies have shown that some amino acid neurotransmitters play a role in mood regulation.
Many antidepressant medications work in conjunction with the neurotransmitters serotonin,
dopamine, and norepinephrine. Supplements are thought to boost the production of these
chemicals. Some amino acid supplements used for bipolar symptoms are:
taurine
tyrosine
phenylalanine
S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM-e)
Certain dosages of these supplements can cause serious side effects. There are even
some claims that some of these supplements can trigger manic episodes. Talk with
your doctor about proper dosages, and about how these supplements might interact
with other medications you take.
St. Johns Wort
Some studies suggest this herb is helpful in treating symptoms of depression.
However, there are documented cases of sudden onset of mania in bipolar patients
who took St. Johns wort. Discuss the use of St. Johns wort with your doctor.
Part 4 of 4: Mind-Body
Mind-Body Techniques
The relaxing effects of some mind-body techniques can reduce stress that can trigger manic
or depressive episodes.
Yoga
Yoga involves stretching and balancing the body in specific stances called poses. These
poses are performed along with controlled breathing and meditation. The combination can
leave people feeling both calm and invigorated.
Yoga can be learned at home from books or online videos. But attending regular classes can
give you a fuller and potentially more rewarding experience. You can learn from personalized
instruction from the teacher and others in the class. There are many different types of yoga.
Try to find the yoga style that works best for you.
Meditation
Meditation uses the mind to calm the body. It can be very effective in coping with the stress
of daily life. Meditation can help you learn to control your reaction to the world around you.
Meditation cannot cure bipolar disorder, but it can help you remain calm. Bipolar disorder
can be complicated by stress. Relaxation techniques such as meditation can be a valuable part
of your overall treatment plan.
Massage
Massage therapy is another alternative means for managing bipolar disorder. As with yoga
and meditation, massage helps reduce anxiety and stress.
http://www.healthline.com/health-blogs/bipolar-bites/psychosis-bipolar-disorder-treatment-
decisions
http://www.helpguide.org/mental/bipolar_disorder_symptoms_treatment.htm
http://www.healthline.com/search?tlid=26620&iid=imp769ea129a58fddd5&url=http%3A%2
F%2Fwww.healthline.com%2Fhealth-blogs%2Fbipolar-bites%2Fpsychosis-bipolar-disorder-
treatment-
decisions&cvis=Bipolar+I&chash=5672421513117951936&cpos=6&rmode=39&vid=usr3fd
f5438a6ae9a6c&qtype=c&geo=MY-12-0-Puchong-
&impt=1&plid=33&imps=2&cltp=1&clkid=clk517d5253e75bd853&alog=1
Preventing Bipolar Disorder
Share this:
Bipolar disorder, sometimes called manic depression, is a mental health disorder that is
distinguished by dramatic changes in a person's mood and energy, from the elated highs of
mania to the lows of depression. Bipolar disorder affects all ages, genders, and ethnicities,
and usually has its onset in late adolescence or young adulthood. We know that genetics can
play a role in the vulnerability to bipolar disorder, as researchers have traced the incidence of
bipolar disorder among generations of families.
While bipolar disorder cannot be prevented, it's important to be aware of early warning signs
of an impending episode of bipolar depression or bipolar mania. Early recognition of bipolar
warning signs and seeing your doctor regularly can allow you to monitor your mood and
medications and keep illness from escalating.
Did You Know?
Under the Affordable Care Act, many health insurance plans will cover preventive care services,
including checkups, vaccinations and screening tests, at no cost to you. Learn more.
Health Insurance Center
In fact, although treating bipolar disorder moods is critical, there is a convincing case
supported by scientific studies that the prevention of further mood episodes should be the
greatest goal.
What are bipolar disorder symptoms?
Symptoms of bipolar disorder can fall between two extreme mood states:
1. Bipolar depression, which includes feelings of being sad, hopeless, helpless, and worthless
2. Bipolar mania, which includes feelings of elation and exuberance coupled with increased
energy and activity and little need for sleep.
In addition, people with bipolar disorder can have manic episodes that occur simultaneously
with depressive symptoms or vice versa. The simultaneous occurrence of depressive
symptoms and manic episodes is known as "mixed features."
What are symptoms of bipolar depression?
Symptoms of the depressive phase of bipolar disorder may consist of the following:
Depressed mood and low self-esteem
Excessive crying spells
Low energy levels and an apathetic view of life
Sadness, loneliness, helplessness, feelings of guilt
Slow speech, fatigue, and poor coordination and concentration
Insomnia or oversleeping
Thoughts of suicide or dying
Changes in appetite (overeating/not eating)
Unexplainable body aches and pains
Lack of interest or pleasure in usual activities
What are symptoms of bipolar mania?
Euphoria or irritability
Excessive talking; racing thoughts
Inflated self-esteem
Unusual energy; less need for sleep
Impulsiveness, a reckless pursuit of gratification -- shopping sprees, impetuous travel, more
and sometimes promiscuous sex, high-risk business investments, fast driving
Hallucinations and or delusions (psychotic features such as these may be involved in about
one out of every two of cases of bipolar mania)

How is bipolar disorder treated?
Bipolar disorder is treated with medications to stabilize mood. If the mood stabilizers do not
fully manage the symptoms, other medications may be added to help calm the mania or ease
the depression.
Along with mood stabilizers, psychotherapy is recommended to help the patient develop
appropriate and workable coping strategies to deal with everyday stressors and to increase
medication compliance.
Can behavioral counseling help those with bipolar disorder?
Different types of talk therapy options are available to help those with bipolar disorder
prevent or cope with a mood episode:
Individual Counseling: This is a one-on-one session with a professional therapist with
experience in bipolar disorders in which the patient's problem areas are addressed. The
session may include help accepting the diagnosis, education about bipolar moods, ways to
identify warning signs, and intervention strategies to manage stress.
Family Counseling: Bipolar disorder extends beyond the patient and can affect the entire
family. Families are frequently involved in outpatient therapy as they receive education
about bipolar disorder and work with the therapist and patient to learn how to recognize
early warnings of an impending manic or depressive episode.
Group Counseling: Group sessions allow for the sharing of feelings and the development of
effective coping strategies. The give-and-take at group sessions can be the most productive
way to change the way you think about bipolar disorder and improve coping skills as you
face life's challenges.




MAD LAZIM KALIMI MUKHAFFAF
M ad Lazim Kalimi Mukhaffaf : mad yang berlaku
apabila huruf mad bertemu dengan sukun asli dalam
satu perkataan tanpa idgham.

Berlaku pada satu kalimah sahaja yang terdapat pada
dua ayat (51 dan 91) di dalam Surah Yunus.

Dapat dikenali dengan adanya tanda panjang ( ) di
atas huruf mad diikuti tanda sukun di atas huruf
berikutnya.

Kadar bacaan: 6 harakat.