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FCB 21002

Ducting and Piping Network



- - Hydronic system types
PRESENTT!R
Nur Sya"i# $in Ha%imi ( ) &020'20(2))

Sai"u%%a* $in S*ukeri +ami% ( ) &020'20(0,(

-o*d Nuru% .mran $in -usta""a ( ) &020'20(2)'


-o*amad /i/uddin $in -o*d Sa%%e*
( ) &020'20(20,

T!P.C RE1.E2
Hydronic system types :
Open and Closed types
Direct and Reverse return
One-, Two-, Three- and Four- Pipe
systems
Primary and Secondary loopin
PR!3!45E
Hydronics is the use o! water as the heat-trans!er medium
in heatin and coolin systems"
Some o! the oldest and most common e#amples are steam
and hot-water radiators"
$ hydronic system may include %oth a chilled and a heated
water loop, to provide !or %oth heatin and air conditionin"
Chillers and coolin towers are used separately or toether as
means to provide water coolin, while %oilers heat water"
&any larer cities have a district heatin system that
provides, throuh underround pipin, pu%licly availa%le
steam and chilled water" $ %uildin in the service district
may %e connected to these on payment o! a service !ee"
Basic Type o" Hydronic System
Basic Type o" Hydronic System
C%assi"ication o" Hydronic System
C%assi"ication o" Hydronic System
4enera% Piping rrangement Categories
4enera% Piping rrangement Categories
!PEN ND C3!SED T6PE
For open system, pipe e#pose to atmosphere
'outside(" For e#ample, !rom coolin tower to
condenser"

The type are %lac) steel" 'commonly used(


For closed system, pipe not e#pose to atmosphere
'inside %uildin(" For e#ample, !rom chiller to $H* or
FC*"

The type are alvani+ed ion ',-(" 'commonly used(


The pipin materials !or
various services are shown
%elow:
SERVICE
SERVICE
TYPE OF PIPE
TYPE OF PIPE
Chilled water
Chilled water
Black and galvanized
Black and galvanized
steel
steel
Ht water
Ht water
Black steel
Black steel
Cling water drains
Cling water drains
Black
Black
!NE P.PE S6STE-
The One Pipe Series .oop uses less pipe than any other
hydronic pipin arranement there!ore it is less
e#pensive to install the pipin %ut you need %ier
radiators or loner %ase%oards at the end o! the loop
%ecause this part o! the loop will have less heat"
The radiators or %ase%oards at the %einnin o! the loop
use most o! the heat thus the reason !or the larer
radiators and %ase%oards at the end o! the loop"
There is also a larer temperature drop in this type o!
loop %etween the supply and the return versus other
types o! hydronic pipin arranements" The near
%oiler pipin may need to %e modi!ied to prevent lare
delta T %etween supply and return"
The mono!low hydronic loop is similar to the one pipe series
e#cept the main loop uses mono!low tees to divert the
water to the radiators or %ase%oards"
The main hydronic loop maintains a constant !low on a call
!or and the water temperatures !or each +one are more
even throuhout the hydronic loop than the one pipe series
hydronic loop"
The mono!low tee is a special tee which needs to %e installed
at the supply and the return !or each radiator or %ase%oard"
This loop system is easy to +one %ut needs more pipin and
special mono!low tees !or each separate circuit"
$dditionally, i! not installed properly !low pro%lems will
occur in radiators and/or %ase%oards"
-t is really important that i! you have a mono!low system and
want to modi!y it in any way !or an addition or other wor)
that you consult a plum%in and heatin H0$C specialist !or
this retro!it"
T2! P.PES S6STE-
D.RECT RET5RN piping
The Two Pipe Direct Return .oop utili+es more pipe than
the one pipe series loop %ut all radiators and
%ase%oards receive the same temperature o! water
there!ore it is more even heat than in all the radiators
and/or %ase%oards than the one pipe series loop"
$nother advantae o! two pipe direct return loop over
the one pipe series loop is that it can %e +oned"
1onin ives you more control over where and when
you want heat and this can save you money on the
cost o! heatin"
$s with many hydronic loop systems the two pipe direct
return needs %alancin valves" The near %oiler pipin
may need to %e modi!ied to prevent lare delta T
%etween supply and return"
, , . T*e return piping as t*e nam e suggests takes t*e m ost direct pat* $ack to t*e $oi%er
.ow cost o! return pipin in most '%ut not all(
applications, and the supply and return pipin are
separated"
d7antages
d7antages
Disad7antages
Disad7antages
T*is system can $e di""icu%t to $a%ance due to t*e
. supp%y %ine $eing a di""erent %engt* t*an t*e return
T*e "urt*er t*e *eat trans"er de7ice is "rom t*e $oi%er
. t*e more pronounced t*e pressure di""erence
: Because o" t*is it is a%ways recommended to minimi/e
; t*e distri$ution piping pressure drops use a pump wit*
, a "%at *ead c*aracteristic inc%ude $a%ancing and "%ow
; measuring de7ices at eac* termina% or $ranc* circuit
and use contro% 7a%7es wit* a *ig* *ead %oss at t*e
. termina%s .
RE1ERSE RET5RN P.P.N4
The Two Pipe Reverse Return Hydronic .oop uses more
pipe than the two pipe direct return hydronic loop %ut
the !low is more %alanced and even than the two pipe
direct return hydronic loop"
$ll %ase%oards and radiators receive the same
temperature o! water so is the same as the two pipe
direct return %ut an advantae over the one pipe
series hydronic loop"
The two pipe reverse return hydronic loop can also %e
+oned o!!erin you savins on your heatin %ill %y
ta)in advantae o! hydronic loop +onin and lare
pressure drop"
. T*e return piping takes t*e same $asic pat* as t*e supp%y $ack to t*e $oi%er
This system is o!ten considered 2sel! %alancin2,
however, valves should always %e included"
d7antages
d7antages
Disad7antages
Disad7antages
T*e insta%%er or repair person cannot trust t*at e7ery
. system is se%" $a%ancing wit*out proper%y testing it
- 1ery %arge sca%e systems can $e $ui%t using t*e two pipe
. , princip%e For e8amp%e rat*er t*an *eating indi7idua%
, radiators t*e steam may $e used in t*e re*eat coi%s o"
%arge air *and%ers to *eat an entire "%oor o" a
$ui%ding
THREE P.PES S6STE-
$ three-pipe system is usually used with an induction
system and will satis!y the variation in load %y
providin independent sources o! heatin and coolin
to the room unit in the !orm o! constant temperature
primary or secondary chilled and hot water"
-! it used with an induction unit, it contains a sinle
secondary water coil"
$ three-way valve at the inlet o! the coil admits the
water !rom the hot or cold water supply as re3uired"
The water leavin the coil is carried in a common pipe
to either the secondary coolin or heatin e3uipment"
F!5R P.PES S6STE-
Systems !or induction and radiant panel or !an-coil
systems derive the name !our-pipe systems %ecause
o! the !our pipes to each terminal unit"
The !our pipes consist o! a cold water supply, a cold
water return, a warm water supply, and a warm water
return"
The !our-pipe system satis!ies variations in coolin and
heatin to the induction units usin temperature
primary air, secondary chilled water, and secondary
hot water"
Terminal units are provided with two independent
secondary water coils one served %y hot water and the
other %y cold water"
PR.-R6 3!!P.N4
Primary-secondary variable-flow systems: 4ater
!lows throuh the chiller or %oiler primary loop at a
constant rate, and water !lows throuh the secondary
loop, which serves air handlers or !an coils, at a
varia%le rate"
The decoupled section 'shown as common pipin in the
diaram %elow( isolates the two systems hydraulically"
Primary-secondary varia%le-!low systems are more
enery e!!icient than constant-!low systems, %ecause
they allow the secondary varia%le-speed pump to use
only as much enery as necessary to meet the system
demand"
- - T*ese are c*i%%ed w ater or *eating w ater system s w it* a
- . sing%e 7aria$%e "%ow %oop
- tw o w ay $ypass 7a%7e is typica%%y used to m aintain a
m inim um speci"ied "%ow rate t*roug* t*e c*i%%er or
. $oi%er
- - Prim ary %oop 7aria$%e "%ow system s are m ore e""icient
- - . t*an prim ary secondary 7aria$%e "%ow system s
SEC!NDR6 3!!P.N4
F%ow Diagram "or a Secondary 3oop Re"rigeration System
Secondary loop systems have all o! the re!rieration
associated with li3uid chillin located within the
central machine room o! the supermar)et"
The chiller system resem%les the multiple# re!rieration
system since multiple parallel compressors are
employed in %oth systems"
The compressors are utili+ed %ased upon suction
pressure which controls the supply temperature o! the
chilled !luid"
The use o! multiple compressors allows the re!rieration
capacity to con!orm to chanin operatin conditions,
resultin in %etter !luid temperature control and lower
compressor enery use"
The coolin o! the secondary !luid ta)es place in a heat
e#chaner where%y the li3uid re!rierant o! the chiller
system is evaporated to provide chillin to the
secondary !luid"
Heat re5ection !or the chiller system is accomplished
utili+in a condenser cooled %y am%ient air" 6ither a
dry, air-cooled condenser or an evaporative condenser
may %e employed"
The evaporative condenser is !avored %ecause o! the
lower condensin temperature which may %e o%tained
%y re5ectin heat to the lower am%ient wet-%ul%
temperature"
The lower condensin temperature provides reater
compressor re!rieration capacity and lower power
draw, %oth o! which result in reduced re!rieration
enery consumption"
P.PE S.9.N4
( ) !pen System Sc*edu%ed )0
( ) !pen System Sc*edu%ed )0
( ) C%osed System Sc*edu%ed )0
( ) C%osed System Sc*edu%ed )0
NS. Sc*edu%e )0
NS. Sc*edu%e )0
NS. Sc*edu%e 00
NS. Sc*edu%e 00
- SHRE +ourna% Si/ing Pipe 5sing 3i"e Cyc%e Costs
- SHRE +ourna% Si/ing Pipe 5sing 3i"e Cyc%e Costs
- - END

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