Coral Springs Charter

SUMMER REVIEW PACKET

For students in entering CALCULUS AP
Name: __________________________________________________________
1. This packet is to be handed in to your Calculus teacher on the first day of the school year.
. All !ork must be sho!n in the packet "# on separate paper attached to the packet.
$. Completion of this packet is !orth one%half of a ma&or test grade and !ill be counted in your first
marking period grade.
1
Summer Review Packet for Students Entering Calculus (all levels)
Complex Fractions
Simplif each of the follo!ing"
1.

'
a
a
'+ a
.


(
x +
'+
1)
x +
$.

(
1
x $
'+
1'
x $
(.

x
x +1

1
x
x
x +1
+
1
x
'.

1
x
$x (
x +
$
$x (
F#nctions
$et

f *x+ x +1 and g*x+ x

1" Fin% each"

,.

f *+
____________ -.

g*$+
_____________ ..

f *t +1+
__________
/.

f g*+

1
]

__________ 1).

g f *m+ +

1
]

___________ 11.

f *x + h+ f *x+
h
______
$et
f (x) sin x
Fin% each exactl"
1.
f

2

_
,

___________ 1$.
f
2
3

_
,

______________

$et

f *x+ x

0 g*x+ x + '0 and h*x+ x

1" Fin% each"

1(.

h f *+

1
]
_______
1'.

f g*x 1+

1
]
_______
1,.

g h*x
$
+

1
]
_______
Fin%

f *x + h+ f *x+
h
for the gi&en f#nction f.
1-.

f *x+ /x + $
1..

f *x+ ' x
Intercepts an% Points of Intersection
To find the 1%intercepts0 let y 2 ) in your e3uation and sol4e.
To find the y%intercepts0 let 1 2 ) in your e3uation and sol4e
Fin% the x an% intercepts for each"
1/.
y 2x 5
). y x
2
+ x 2
1.
y x 16 x
2
. y
2
x
3
4x
$
Use s#'stit#tion or elimination metho% to sol&e the sstem of e(#ations"
Fin% the point)s* of intersection of the graphs for the gi&en e(#ations"
$.
x + y 8
4x y 7
(.
x
2
+ y 6
x + y 4
'.
x
2
4y
2
20x 64y 172 0
16x
2
+ 4y
2
320x + 64y +1600 0
Inter&al +otation
,. Complete the table !ith the appropriate notation or graph.
Sol#tion Inter&al +otation ,raph
2 < x 4
1, 7)

-
5ol4e each e3uation. 5tate your ans!er in 6"T7 inter4al notation and graphically.
-. 2x 1 0 .. 4 2x 3 < 4 /.
x
2

x
3
> 5
.omain an% Range
Fin% the %omain an% range of each f#nction" Write o#r ans!er in I+TERVA$ notation"
$). f (x) x
2
5 $1. f (x) x + 3 $.
f (x) 3sin x
$$. f (x)
2
x 1
(
In&erses
Fin% the in&erse for each f#nction"
/0"
f (x) 2x +1
/1" f (x)
x
2
3
Also0 recall that to P#"89 one function is an in4erse of another function0 you need to sho! that:
f (g(x)) g( f (x)) x
Example2
If2 f (x)
x 9
4
and g(x) 4x + 9 sho! f(x) and g(x) are in&erses of each other"
f (g(x)) 4
x 9
4

_
,

+ 9 g( f (x))
4x + 9 ( ) 9
4
x 9 + 9
4x + 9 9
4
x
4x
4
x
f (g(x)) g( f (x)) x therefore they are inverses
of each other.
Pro&e f and g are in&erses of each other"
/3" f (x)
x
3
2
g(x) 2x
3
/4" f (x) 9 x
2
, x 0 g(x) 9 x
'
E(#ation of a line
Slope intercept form2
y mx + b
Vertical line2 1 2 c *slope is undefined+
Point5slope form2
y y
1
m(x x
1
)
6ori7ontal line2 y 2 c *slope is )+
$.. :se slope%intercept form to find the e3uation of the line ha4ing a slope of $ and a y%intercept of '.
$/. ;etermine the e3uation of a line passing through the point *'0 %$+ !ith an undefined slope.
(). ;etermine the e3uation of a line passing through the point *%(0 + !ith a slope of ).
(1. :se point%slope form to find the e3uation of the line passing through the point *)0 '+ !ith a slope of <$.
(. Find the e3uation of a line passing through the point *0 .+ and parallel to the line y
5
6
x 1.
($. Find the e3uation of a line perpendicular to the y% a1is passing through the point *(0 -+.
((. Find the e3uation of a line passing through the points *%$0 ,+ and *10 +.
('. Find the e3uation of a line !ith an 1%intercept *0 )+ and a y%intercept *)0 $+.
,
2
-2
(-1,0)
(0,-1)
(0,1)
(1,0)
Ra%ian an% .egree Meas#re
(,. Con4ert to degrees: a.
5
6
b.
4
5
c. .,$ radians
(-. Con4ert to radians: a.

45
o
b.

17
o
c. $-

o
Unit Circle
(..

a.) sin180
o

b.) cos270
o

c.) sin(90
o
) d.) sin

e.) cos 360
o
f .) cos()
,raphing Trig F#nctions
,raph t!o complete perio%s of the f#nction"
(/.
f (x) 5sin x
').
f (x) cos x 3
Trigonometric E(#ations2
5ol4e each of the e3uations for 0 x < 2 . =solate the 4ariable0 sketch a reference triangle0 find all the
solutions !ithin the gi4en domain0 0 x < 2 . #emember to double the domain !hen sol4ing for a double
angle. :se trig identities0 if needed0 to re!rite the trig functions. *5ee formula sheet at the end of the packet.+
'1. sin x
1
2
'.
2cos x 3
'$.
cos2x
1
2
'(. sin
2
x
1
2
-
Minor Axis
Major Axis
a
b
c FOCUS (h + c, k) FOCUS (h - c, k)
CENTER (h, k)
(x h)
2
a
2
+
(y k)
2
b
2
1
''. sin2x
3
2
',.
2cos
2
x 1 cos x 0
'-.
4cos
2
x 3 0
'..
sin
2
x + cos2x cos x 0
In&erse Trigonometric F#nctions2
For each of the follo!ing8 express the &al#e for 9: in ra%ians"
'/.

y arcsin
$

,).

y arccos 1
( ) ,1.

y arctan*1+
For each of the follo!ing gi&e the &al#e !itho#t a calc#lator"
,.

tan arccos

_
,

,$.

sec sin
1
1
1$

_
,

,(.

sin arctan
1
'

_
,

,'.

sin sin
1
-
.

_
,

Circles an% Ellipses

r
2
(x h)
2
+(y k)
2
.
4
2
-2
-4
-5 5
4
2
-2
-4
-5 5
4
2
-2
-4
-5 5
4
2
-2
-4
-5 5
For a circle centered at the origin0 the e3uation is x
2
+ y
2
r
2
0 !here r is the radius of the circle.
For an ellipse centered at the origin0 the e3uation is
x
2
a
2
+
y
2
b
2
10 !here a is the distance from the center to the
ellipse along the 1%a1is and ' is the distance from the center to the ellipse along the y%a1is. =f the larger
number is under the y
2
term0 the ellipse is elongated along the y%a1is. For our purposes in Calculus0 you !ill not
need to locate the foci.
,raph the circles an% ellipses 'elo!2
,,. x
2
+ y
2
16 ,-. x
2
+ y
2
5
,..
x
2
1
+
y
2
9
1 ,/.
x
2
16
+
y
2
4
1
-)%./ *#epresented by ne1t set of problems+
/
Vertical Asmptotes
;etermine the 4ertical asymptotes for the function. 5et the denominator e3ual to >ero to find the 1%4alue for
!hich the function is undefined. That !ill be the 4ertical asymptote.
/). f (x)
1
x
2
/1. f (x)
x
2
x
2
4
/.
f (x)
2 + x
x
2
(1 x)
6ori7ontal Asmptotes
;etermine the hori>ontal asymptotes using the three cases belo!.
Case I. ;egree of the numerator is less than the degree of the denominator. The asymptote is y 2 ).
Case II" ;egree of the numerator is the same as the degree of the denominator. The asymptote is the ratio of
the lead coefficients.
Case III. ;egree of the numerator is greater than the degree of the denominator. There is no hori>ontal
asymptote. The function increases !ithout bound. *=f the degree of the numerator is e1actly 1 more than the
degree of the denominator0 then there e1ists a slant asymptote0 !hich is determined by long di4ision.+
.etermine all 6ori7ontal Asmptotes"
/$.
f (x)
x
2
2x +1
x
3
+ x 7
/(. f (x)
5x
3
2x
2
+ 8
4x 3x
3
+ 5
/'. f (x)
4x
5
x
2
7
?iscellaneous @no!ledge
/,. #ationali>e the denominator: *a+ *b+ *c+
1)
/-. 5ol4e for x *do not use a calculator+:
*a+ '
*x A 1+
2 ' *b+ *c+ logx 2 $ *d+ log$ x

2 log$( % ( log$'
/.. 5implify: *a+ log' A log*x

% 1+ % log*x % 1+ *b+ log(/ % log$

//. Factor completely: *a+ x
,
% 1,x
(
*b+ (x
$
% .x

% 'x A ') *c+ .x

$
A - *d+ x
(
%1
1)). Find all real solutions to: *a+ x
,
% 1,x
(
2 ) *b+ (x
$
% .x

% 'x A ') 2 ) *c+ .x

$
A - 2 )
1)1. Find the remainders on di4ision of
*a+ x
'
% (x
(
A x
$
% -x A 1 by x A *b+ x
'
% x
(
A x
$
A x

% x A ( by x
$
A 1
1). Find the domain of the function
1)$. Find the domain and range of the functions:
11
cos 2x cos
2
x sin
2
x
1 2sin
2
x
2cos
2
x 1
Form#la Sheet
#eciprocal =dentities: csc x
1
sin x
sec x
1
cos x
cot x
1
tan x
Buotient =dentities: tan x
sin x
cos x
cot x
cos x
sin x
Pythagorean =dentities:
sin
2
x + cos
2
x 1 tan
2
x +1 sec
2
x 1+ cot
2
x csc
2
x
;ouble Angle =dentities: sin2x 2sin x cos x
tan2x
2tan x
1 tan
2
x
Cogarithms:
y log
a
x
is e3ui4alent to
x a
y
Product property:
log
b
mn log
b
m + log
b
n
Buotient property: log
b
m
n
log
b
m log
b
n
Po!er property: log
b
m
p
plog
b
m
Property of e3uality: =f
log
b
m log
b
n
0 then m 2 n
Change of base formula:
log
a
n
log
b
n
log
b
a
5lope%intercept form:
y mx + b
Point%slope form:
y y
1
m(x x
1
)
5tandard form: A1 A 6y A C 2 )
1