International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Technology (IJAERT)
Volume 2 Issue 6, September 2014, ISSN No.: 2348 8190
213
www.ijaert.org ANALYSIS OF THREE LAYER SQUARE MICROSTRIP STACKED ANTENNAS FOR WLAN SYSTEMS
Rashika Jain, Jupsimar Singh, R.K.Yadav, Mritunjay Rai Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering JRE Group of Institutions, Greater Noida, India
ABSTRACT In this paper, the design of square shaped stacked microstrip patched antenna is presented. The three layer square antenna has been designed and simulated with ansoft HFSS on Roger RT Duroid substrate having thickness of 0.16 mm with dielectric constant of 2.2 with different configurations of ground plane at the bottom of the substrate. The proposed antenna offers excellent performance such as antenna gain, BW with VSWR less than 1.5 is observed with 60 MHz bandwidth. The proposed antenna is used in WLAN systems.
I ndexed Terms: Microstrip Patch Antenna (MSA); Roger RT Duroid;WLAN; BW(Bandwidth)
I. INTRODUCTION
There are four basic coupling mechanisms: conductive, capacitive, magnetic or inductive, and radiative. Any coupling path can be broken down into one or more of these coupling mechanisms working together. For example the lower path in the diagram involves inductive, conductive and capacitive modes. Radiative coupling or electromagnetic coupling occurs when source and victim are separated by a large distance, typically more than a wavelength. Source and victim act as radio antennas: the source emits or radiates an electromagnetic wave which propagates across the open space in between and is picked up or received by the victim. Electromagnetic coupled patch antenna has wider bandwidth and high gain. There is a wide variety of methods available at present for the analysis of antenna coupling problems. Exact methods like method of moments (MoM), finite element (FE), and finite difference (FD) are very useful and work very well for models which have a dimension of just a few wavelengths. Recent developments like the fast multipole method (FMM) or multilevel fast multipole method (MLFMM) allow the computation of electromagnetically even larger problems within tolerable computation time. The objective is to design a stacked square microstrip patch antenna to improve gain and BW with suspended configuration. The designed antenna is linearly polarised having the resonant frequency of 5.8GHz (with 10% bandwidth). The substrate material used is Roger RT Duroid, having 0.16mm thickness. The permittivity of the dielectric material is 2.2.The radiation pattern of proposed antenna gives omnidirectional configuration To find the resultant far- field radiation pattern, the variation in the phase and amplitude of the currents in these two individual patch elements are calculated first and then the resultant far- field pattern can be found. Self and mutual impedances can be derived from the near field calculations. These impedance expressions can be used to find the effective current distributions on the individual patch elements. The current distributions are then used for calculating the far-field which is the required field in the presence of mutual coupling. For example, energy is transferred from a power source to an electrical load by means of conductive coupling, which may be either resistive or hard-wire. An AC potential may be transferred from one circuit segment to another having a DC potential by use of a capacitor. Electrical energy may be transferred from one circuit segment to another segment with different impedance by use of a transformer. This is known as impedance matching. These are examples of electrostatic and electrodyna- mics inductive coupling. In electromagnetic coupling, conducting plates works as capacitor due to electric field and works as inductor due to magnetic field. Now we have designed electromagnetic coupled antenna. The small size is an important requirement for portable communication equipment, such as global positioning satellite (GPS) receivers. So due to smaller size, better impedance and bandwidth compared to the square, rectangular and circular microstrip antenna for given frequency we have choose pentagonal shaped microstrip antenna.The microstrip antenna is simulated using HFSS Simulator, where electromagnetic analysis tools will be used. There are various shapes that can be used as radiating patch. However, for this paper, Square patch will be designed with coaxial feeding method. The microstrip antenna is simulated using HFSS Simulator.
II. DESIGN OF SQUARE PATCH ANTENNA
In electronics and telecommunication, coupling is the desirable or undesirable transfer of energy from International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Technology (IJAERT) Volume 2 Issue 6, September 2014, ISSN No.: 2348 8190 214
www.ijaert.org one medium, such as a metallic wire or an optical fiber, to another medium, including fortuitous transfer.Coupling is also the transfer of electrical energy from one circuit segment to another. When two patch elements are brought in the vicinity of each other, the current in each element changes in both amplitude and phase. The amount of change depends on the mutual coupling between the elements. Since the currents are changed, the far-fields due to these elements change. In the most basic form, a microstrip patch antenna consists of a radiating patch on one side of the dielectric substrate, which has a ground plane on the other side. The resonant length of the antenna determines its resonant frequency. In fact the patch is electrically a bit larger than its physical dimensions due to the fringing fields. The patch antenna that introduces here has made of the conduction material copper. The coaxial feeding is given to the point where input resistance is approximately 50 ohms. The main advantage of this type of feeding scheme is that the feed can be placed at any desired location inside the patch in order to match with its input impedance. This feed method is easy to fabricate and has low spurious radiation. The proposed antenna has been designed using the following expressions [4]
and
with
Where all the parameters have their usual meaning.
III. METHODOLOGY
Here we have designed an antenna in which coupling is done. This antenna consists of three layers; all are of similar shape and lying in parallel planes with equal orientation of the edges. These three layers are: ground plane, substrate layer and patch. There is no gap between ground, substrate and the patch. Material used for substrate is Roger RT -Duroid. This is shown in figure 1 below.
Design Specifications: Feeding technique: Coaxial feed Substrate material: Roger RT Duroid Relative permittivity of the substrate ): 2.2 Design frequency: 5.8 GHz Thickness of dielectric substrate: 0.16 mm Elemental side: 16.5mm Feed location: 7.9mm Coaxial cable dimensions: Inner radius a: 0.6 mm Outer radius b: 2.1 mm
Fig 1: Structure of proposed square patch antenna
Single layer: Initially a single layer of patch antenna was designed using Roger RT-duroid substrate which was taken as dielectric, which was grounded infinitely; a square patch was further connected. Feeding port was allocated using co-axial feeding. Analysis of this was stimulated using HFSS, and based upon various stimulation results obtained such as S 11 , VSWR, Gain, Impedance were plotted and the numerical values were produced in table 1.
Table 1: Various antenna parameters using single layer of Roger RT-Duroid
Double Layer: Further, again a second layer of Roger RT-Duroid was added with a varying air gap of 0mm, 0.02 mm, 0.04 mm, and 0.06 mm, similarly various stimulation results were obtained such as S 11 , VSWR, Gain, Impedance were plotted and the numerical values were represented in table 2. This process of adding new layer is said to be as stacking.
Parameters Results for square patch S 11 (dB) -13.75 Designed frequency(GHz) 5.8 Impedance() 92.71 VSWR 2.13 BW(GHz) 0.04 Gain 3.615 Radiated Power(W) 0.313 International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Technology (IJAERT) Volume 2 Issue 6, September 2014, ISSN No.: 2348 8190 215
www.ijaert.org Table 2: Calculation of various antenna parameters using double layer of Roger RT-Duroid Triple layer: Now similar analysis is done, three layer stacking of Roger RT-Duroid with air gap of 0.04 mm in first and second patch and varied gap between second and third patch from 0 mm, 0.02 mm, 0.04 mm, to 0.06 mm and the observations were made and represented in tabular form as shown in table 3.
Table 3: Various antenna parameters using Triple layer of Roger RT-duroid
Characteristics plot for Designed Antenna
The figure 3 shows that the value of S 11 starts decreasing as the air gap between the stack antennas is increased and BW of antenna starts increasing. The figure 4 shows the gain plot for different air gap at different frequencies and from the graph it is shown that at 5.8 GHz the gain is maximum.
Fig. 3: Variations of return loss for square patch antenna with different air gaps
Fig. 4: Gain plot for different air gap
The figure 5 and figure 6 shows theImpedance and VSWR plot of designed antenna for different air gap at different frequency value.
Fig. 5: Impedance plot for different air gap
TYPES Double layer square patch Gap between two patches T=0.00 mm T=0.02 mm T=0.04 mm T=0.06 mm S 11 (dB) -14.49 -24.07 -27.24 -26.22 Designed frequency(GHz) 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.8
0.915 International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Technology (IJAERT) Volume 2 Issue 6, September 2014, ISSN No.: 2348 8190 216
www.ijaert.org
Fig.6: VSWR plot for different air gap
VI. CONCLUSION
A parasitically coupled square patch antenna for WLAN application system is presented. It is observed from the simulated results that the proposed patch antenna can be deployed for applications in ISM band. The active BW of 60 MHz is obtained with Triple layer configuration having gap of 0.04 mm with the improved gain of 3.81. The performance of the antenna can be further improved by using substrate with low insertion losses as well as emergence of improved implementation techniques.
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