STANDARD STD3162

Info klass/Info class

P
Utgva/Issue Sida/Page
4 1 (9)
Kontrollera att du har rtt utgva Check that you have the right issue

S
c
a
n
i
a

C
V

A
B
,

S
w
e
d
e
n
ToIeranser - Principer vid toIerans-
bestmning
ToIerances - PrincipIes for toIerance
determination
InnehII Sida Contents Page
Orientering 1 Introduction 1
1 Omfattning och tillmpning 1 1 Scope and field of application 1
2 Tolerans 2 2 Tolerance 2
3 Toleransens innebrd 2 3 Meaning of tolerance 2
4 Referenstemperatur 3 4 Reference temperature 3
5 Toleranstyper 3 5 Tolerance types 3
6 Princip om inbrdes oberoende 4 6 Principle about independency 4
7 msesidigt beroende av mtt och
form
6 7 Mutual dependence of size and
geometry
6
8 Tillmpning p ritning 8 8 Application on drawing 8
9 Tillhrande dokument 8 9 Appurtenant documents 8
10 ndringar frn fregende utgva 9 10 Changes from previous issue 9
Orientering Introduction
Denna standard verensstmmer med motsva-
rande uppgifter i svensk standard SS-ISO 8015
utgva 1 och internationell standard ISO 8015:
1985, i vilka principen om inbrdes oberoende
frklaras.
This standard conforms to corresponding informa-
tion in Swedish Standard SS-ISO 8015 issue 1
and International Standard ISO 8015:1985, in
which the principle of independency is explained.
Avsnitt 1-4 har lagts till fr att frklara begreppet
tolerans och dess innebrd.
Section 1-4 has been added to explain the con-
cept tolerance and its implication.
1 Omfattning och tiIImpning 1 Scope and fieId of appIication
Toleranser ska anges fr att skra en produkts
funktion och fr att styra framstllningskostnaden
till riktigast mjliga niv med avseende p tillverk-
ningsmetod och kvalitet.
Tolerances shall be stated in order to ensure the
performance of a product and to concentrate pro-
duction costs at the best possible level in relation
to manufacturing method and quality.
En artikels dimensioner och vriga egenskaper
kan inte tillverkas exakt och drfr ska tilltna av-
vikelser finnas angivna i det tekniska underlaget.
The dimensions and other properties of a part can
not be made accurately and, therefore, permitted
deviations must be stated in en engineering do-
cumentation.
Varje angiven toleransgrns r ett krav p maxi-
mal tillten avvikelse. Kan inte toleransgrnsen
innehllas freligger ett fel.
Each specific tolerance limit is a requirement rela-
ting to the maximum permissible deviation. If tole-
rances cannot be maintained, the part is regarded
as faulty.
Godknd/Approved by
RZH ke E Dahln
Handlggare/Handled by Datum/Date
RZH Sten Engstrand 2000-06-30
STANDARD STD3162
Info klass/Info class
P
Utgva/Issue Sida/Page
4 2 (9)
Kontrollera att du har rtt utgva Check that you have the right issue

S
c
a
n
i
a

C
V

A
B
,

S
w
e
d
e
n
Alla toleranser, svl sdana som anges p rit-
ning, som dem som ges genom hnvisning till to-
leransbestmmelse, ska innehllas. Detta innebr
att produktionsprocessen ska utvrderas avseen-
de felrisker s att endast utrustning, metoder och
material med tillrcklig skerhet kommer till an-
vndning.
All tolerances, specified on drawing, as well as
specified by referring to tolerance regulation, have
to be contained. This means that the production
process has to be evaluated as regards risk of er-
ror so that only equipment, methods and material
with sufficient reliability are used.
Vid toleransbestmning enligt denna standard
gller fr ISO-toleranser ingen generell begrns-
ning av formen. Grnsmtten kontrolleras endast i
det enskilda snittet med tvpunktsmtning, svida
inte annat angivits enligt avsnitt 7.
In tolerancing in accordance with this standard,
there is no general limitation on form for ISO tole-
rances. The limits of size shall be inspected only
at the individual section by two-point measure-
ment, unless otherwise specified in section 7.
2 ToIerans 2 ToIerance
2.1 Definition 2.1 Definition
Tillten variation fr en viss bestmd storhet och
r drmed skillnaden mellan vre och undre
grnsavmtt.
Permissible variation in the magnitude of a given
dimension or value, representing the difference
between the upper and lower limit deviations.
2.2 ToIeranser p ritning 2.2 ToIerances on drawing
P ritningen ska i frsta hand direkt vid respektive
mtt anges dimensionstoleranser samt form- och
lgetoleranser. Toleransvidden ska vljas s att
den motsvarar den funktionella och ekonomiska
kassationsgrnsen. ven vid utveckling av ldre
konstruktioner ska varje toleransangivelse p nytt
utvrderas eller kompletteras.
On the drawing dimension tolerances and geo-
metrical tolerances must primarily be stated direct
by each dimension. The tolerance range has to be
chosen to correspond to the functional and eco-
nomical scrapping limit. Also when developing old
designs all tolerance data have to be evaluated or
complemented anew.
3 ToIeransens innebrd 3 Meaning of toIerance
3.1 ToIeranser 3.1 ToIerances
Toleranser kan uttryckas p olika stt. S kan t ex
linjra toleranser uttryckas med ISO-toleranser,
genom symmetriska eller osymmetriska avmtt,
eller med grnsvrden. Sttet att uttrycka tole-
ransomrdet innebr ingen skillnad ifrga om to-
leranskravets innebrd.
Tolerances can be expressed in different ways.
Linear tolerances, for example, may be expressed
in ISO tolerances, through symmetrical or asym-
metrical deviations, or by limiting values. The me-
ans used to express tolerance range does not af-
fect the application of a tolerance.
Avrundning av mtvrde fr ej ske d verkligt
uppmtt vrde inte uppfyller angivet toleranskrav.
Measured values may not be rounded-off if the
as-measured values do not meet the specified
tolerance requirements.
Exempel:
Ritningskrav 100,1. Uppmtt vrde 10,14 fr ej
avrundas till 10,1.
Example:
Drawing requirement 100,1. Measured value
10,14 may not be rounded off to 10,1.
STANDARD STD3162
Info klass/Info class
P
Utgva/Issue Sida/Page
4 3 (9)
Kontrollera att du har rtt utgva Check that you have the right issue

S
c
a
n
i
a

C
V

A
B
,

S
w
e
d
e
n
4 Referenstemperatur 4 Reference temperature
Den standardiserade referenstemperaturen fr
lngdmtning r 20 C. Fr plast och gummi r
dock referenstemperaturen 232 C.
The standardized reference temperature for mea-
surement of length is 20 C, except for plastics
and rubber, for which the reference temperature is
232 C.
5 ToIeranstyper 5 ToIerance types
5.1 DimensionstoIeranser 5.1 DimensionaI toIerances
5.1.1 Linjra toIeranser 5.1.1 Linear toIerances
En linjr tolerans begrnsar endast mttet i varje
enskilt snitt p elementet (tvpunktsmtning),
men inte elementets formavvikelser t ex rundhets-
och rakhetsavvikelser fr ett cylindriskt element
eller planhetsavvikelser fr tv planparallella ytor.
A linear tolerance controls only the actual local si-
zes (two-point measurements) of a feature, but
not its form deviations, for example circularity and
straightness deviations of a cylindrical feature or
flatness deviations of two parallel plane surfaces.
Formavvikelser blir emellertid begrnsade genom Form deviations can, however, be controlled by
following
individuellt angivna formtoleranser individually indicated form tolerances
enveloppkrav envelope requirement
Skrivstt fr dimensionstoleranser beskrivs i
STD389, ISO tolerans- och passningssystem be-
skrivs i STD3917.
Method of writing dimension tolerances is descri-
bed in STD389. ISO system of limits and fits is
described in STD3917.
5.1.2 VinkeItoIeranser 5.1.2 AngIe toIerances
En vinkeltolerans, angiven i grader, begrnsar
endast den allmnna riktningen av linjer eller lin-
jeelement fr ytor, men inte deras formavvikelser.
An angle tolerance, stated as degrees, limits the
general direction of lines or line elements for sur-
faces only but not their form deviations.
Den allmnna riktningen av den linje som r hr-
ledd frn den verkliga ytan r den riktning som en
kontaktlinje med idealisk geometrisk form har. Det
maximala avstndet mellan kontaktlinjen och den
verkliga linjen ska ha minsta mjliga vrde, se fi-
gur 1.
The general direction of the line that emanates
from the real surface is the direction that a contact
line with ideal geometrical form has. Maximum di-
stance between the contact line and the real line
has to have smallest possible value, see figure 1.
Formavvikelser blir emellertid begrnsade genom
individuellt angivna formtoleranser.
Form deviations can, however, be controlled by
individually indicated form tolerances.
STANDARD STD3162
Info klass/Info class
P
Utgva/Issue Sida/Page
4 4 (9)
Kontrollera att du har rtt utgva Check that you have the right issue

S
c
a
n
i
a

C
V

A
B
,

S
w
e
d
e
n
5.2 Form- och IgetoIeranser 5.2 GeometricaI toIerances
Form- och lgetoleranser begrnsar elementets
avvikelser frn dess teoretiskt riktiga
Geometrical tolerances control the deviation of the
feature from its theoretically exact
form form
lge location
riktning orientation
kast run-out
oavsett elementets dimension. regardless of the feature size.
Symboler och skrivstt fr form- och lgetoleran-
ser beskrivs i STD834.
Symbols and method of writing for geometrical
tolerances are described in STD834.
6 Princip om inbrdes oberoende 6 PrincipIe about idependency
Varje dimensionskrav eller form- och lgekrav
som anges p ritning ska uppfyllas oberoende av
varandra, svida inte ett bestmt samband finns
angivet. Om det av funktionella eller ekonomiska
skl krvs ett msesidigt beroende mellan
All dimension requirements or geometrical requi-
rements stated on drawing must be satisfied inde-
pendently of each other, unless a determined re-
lationship is stated. If, for functional or economical
reasons, mutual dependence is required between
dimension och form eller dimension and form or
dimension och lge eller dimension and location or
dimension och riktning dimension and orientation
fr elementet (elementen) ska detta srskilt anges
p ritningen, se avsnitt 7.
for the feature(s) this has to be specially specified
on drawing, see section 7.
Nr inget sdant samband r angivet, gller form-
och lgetoleransen oberoende av elementets di-
mension, och de tv kraven behandlas som krav
utan ngot inbrdes samband.
Where no relationship is specified, the geometri-
cal tolerance applies regardless of feature size,
and the two requirements are treated as being un-
related.
STANDARD STD3162
Info klass/Info class
P
Utgva/Issue Sida/Page
4 5 (9)
Kontrollera att du har rtt utgva Check that you have the right issue

S
c
a
n
i
a

C
V

A
B
,

S
w
e
d
e
n
Exempel: Example:
En axel som ligger vid max materialgrnsmtt i
varje enskilt snitt tillts ha en liktjockig formavvi-
kelse inom rundhetstoleransen och fr dessutom
vara bjd inom det vrde som anges av rakhets-
toleransen, se figur 2-4.
A shaft with max material limit dimension in each
separate view is permitted to have uniformally
thick form deviation within the circularity tolerance
and may, furthermore, be bent within the value
can specified by the straightness tolerance, see
figure 2-4.
b) Uttydning b) Interpretation
a) Ritningsangivning
a) Drawing indication
STANDARD STD3162
Info klass/Info class
P
Utgva/Issue Sida/Page
4 6 (9)
Kontrollera att du har rtt utgva Check that you have the right issue

S
c
a
n
i
a

C
V

A
B
,

S
w
e
d
e
n
7 msesidigt beroende av mtt och
form
7 MutuaI dependence of size and
geometry
msesidigt beroende av mtt och form kan fs
genom
Mutual dependence on size and form can be had
via
enveloppkrav envelope requirement
mttjmkningsprincipen maximum material principle
7.1 EnveIoppkrav 7.1 EnveIope requirement
Enveloppkravet kan tillmpas p ett enskilt ele-
ment, antingen en cylinderyta eller mttet mellan
tv planparallella ytor. Kravet innebr att t ex en
omskriven cylinder av perfekt form vid max mate-
rialmtt inte fr verskridas.
For a single feature, either a cylindrical surface or
a feature established by two parallel plane surfa-
ces (feature or size), the envelope requirement
may be applied. The requirement means that the
envelope of perfect form at maximum material
size of the feature shall not be violated.
Enveloppkravet anges med symbolen E efter
den linjra toleransen, se figur 5.
The envelope requirement shall be indicated by
the symbol E placed after the linear tolerance,
see figure 5.
Enveloppkrav br endast anvndas efter samrd
mellan konstruktren och produktionsberedaren.
Envelope requirement should only be used in
consultation between designer and production co-
ordinator.
Exempel:
Enveloppkravet tillmpat p ett cylindriskt ele-
ment.
Example:
Envelope requirement applied to a cylindrical
feature.
a) Ritningsangivning a) Drawing specification
b) Funktionskrav b) Functional requirements
Det cylindriska elementets yta fr inte
verskrida den omskrivna cylindern med per-
fekt form vid max materialmttet 150.
The surface of the cylindrical feature shall not
extend beyond the envelope of perfect form at
maximum material size of 150.
Mttet i varje enskilt snitt fr inte vara mindre
n 149,96.
No actual local size shall be less than
149,96.
STANDARD STD3162
Info klass/Info class
P
Utgva/Issue Sida/Page
4 7 (9)
Kontrollera att du har rtt utgva Check that you have the right issue

S
c
a
n
i
a

C
V

A
B
,

S
w
e
d
e
n
Detta innebr att objektet i frga ska uppfylla fl-
jande krav:
This means that the actual parts shall meet the
following requirements:
Diametern i varje enskilt snitt p axeln ska lig-
ga inom dimensionstoleransen 0,04 och kan
drfr variera mellan 150 och 149,96, se
figur 6.
Each actual local diameter of shaft shall re-
main within the size tolerance of 0,04 and, the-
refore, may vary between 150 and
149,96, see figure 6.
Hela axeln ska ligga inom en begrnsning som
en omskriven cylinder med perfekt form och
150 utgr, se figurerna 7 och 8.
The entire shaft shall remain within the boun-
dary of the envelope cylinder of perfect form
and of 150, see figure 7 and 8.
STANDARD STD3162
Info klass/Info class
P
Utgva/Issue Sida/Page
4 8 (9)
Kontrollera att du har rtt utgva Check that you have the right issue

S
c
a
n
i
a

C
V

A
B
,

S
w
e
d
e
n
Hrav fljer att axeln mste vara exakt cylindrisk
nr diametern i varje enskilt snitt ligger p max
materialgrnsmtt 150, se figur 9.
Hence it follows that the shaft shall be exactly cy-
lindrical when all actual local diameters are at the
maximum material size of 150, see figure 9.
7.2 Mttjmkningsprincipen 7.2 Maximum materiaI principIe
Mttjmkning innebr mjlighet att f verskrida
angivna toleransgrnser fr ett eller flera samver-
kande mtt, frutsatt att funktionskraven uppfylls.
Mer ingende frklaringar ges i STD835.
The maximum material principle makes it possible
to exceed specified tolerances for one or more
coordinated dimensions, providing functional re-
quirements are satisfied. For explanation in detail,
see STD835.
8 TiIImpning p ritning 8 AppIication on drawing
Fr att regler enligt denna standard ska glla,
mste hnvisning finnas p ritningen till standar-
den.
Referens to this standard most be given on the
drawing if the rules shall apply.
9 TiIIhrande dokument 9 Appurtenant documents
Angivna dokument kompletterar denna standard
och erfordras fr standardens tillmpning.
The documents listed below supplement this
standard and are necessary for the application of
the standard.
D utgva inte angivits gller senaste utgva av
dokumentet.
The latest issue of the document applies when
the issue has not been stated.
Dokumentbeteckning
Document designation
Utgva
Issue
TiteI
TitIe
STD389 Dimensionstoleranser Skrivstt
Dimensional tolerances Writing methods
STANDARD STD3162
Info klass/Info class
P
Utgva/Issue Sida/Page
4 9 (9)
Kontrollera att du har rtt utgva Check that you have the right issue

S
c
a
n
i
a

C
V

A
B
,

S
w
e
d
e
n
Dokumentbeteckning
Document designation
Utgva
Issue
TiteI
TitIe
STD834 Form- och lgetoleranser
Geometrical tolerances
STD835 Form- och lgetoleranser Mttjmkningsprincipen
Geometrical tolerances Maximum material principle
STD3917 ISO tolerans- och passningssystem
ISO system of limits and fits
10 ndringar frn fregende utgva 10 Changes from previous issue
Referensen STD385 rttad till STD835 i avsnitt
7.2.
The reference STD385 has been corrected to
STD835 in section 7.2.