The Cardiovascular

System:
The Heart
Location of the Heart
! Thoracic cavity between two lungs
" ~2/3 to left of midline
! surrounded by pericardium:
! Fibrous pericardium -
" Inelastic and anchors heart in place
! Inside is serous pericardium - double
layer around heart
" Filled with pericardial fluid - reduces friction
during beat.
Position of the Heart
Functions of the Heart
1. Generates blood pressure
2. Routing blood
pulmonary, systemic circulation
1. One way blood flow
2. Regulates blood supply
Chambers of the Heart
! 4 chambers
! 2 upper chambers = Atria
" Between is interatrial septum
! 2 lower chambers = ventricles
" Between is interventricular septum
" LV thicker wall
- contracts more forcefully
- generates greater BP
Structure of the Heart
Structure of the Heart
Structure of the Heart
Great Vessels Of Heart-Right
! Superior & inferior Vena Cavae
" Delivers deoxygenated blood to R. atrium
from body
" Coronary sinus drains heart muscle veins
! R. Atrium # R. Ventricle
! pumps through Pulmonary Trunk
! #R & L pulmonary arteries
! # lungs
Great Vessels Of Heart-Left
! Pulmonary Veins from lungs
" oxygenated blood
! #L. atrium# Left ventricle
! #ascending aorta# body
Valves
! Designed to prevent back flow in response
to pressure changes
! Atrioventricular (AV) valves
" Between atria and ventricles
! Right = tricuspid valve (3 cusps)
! Left = bicuspid or mitral valve
! Semilunar valves near origin of aorta &
pulmonary trunk
! Aortic & pulmonary valves respectively
Atrioventricular Valves: Bicuspid
Valves
Blood Flow
Through
Heart
Blood Flow
Exercise and the Heart
! Aerobic exercise (longer than 20 min)
strengthens cardiovascular system
! Atherosclerotic plaque-depots of chole, lipid
! Coronary thrombosis
! Infarct-dead heart
Blood Pressure
! Device used: sphygmomanometer
" Usually on brachial artery
! Inflate cuff to raise pressure > systolic BP
" Briefly stop blood flow there
! Lower pressure in cuff until flow just starts
" First sound indicates systolic BP
! Lower pressure further until sound become
faint
" Diastolic BP
! Normal BP values <120 mm Hg for systolic
and < 80 mm Hg for diastolic