SOCCER Laws of Game

Soccer Laws of the Game
Each season FIFA publishes an extensive Laws of the Game guide which describes the rules of
soccer. Here is an overview of the 17 laws of the game. Click on the subject headings to read
about the laws in greater detail.
Law 1: The Field of Play
There are very few fixed dimensions for soccer fields, even at the highest level. FIFA only
stipulates that for professional 11-versus-11 competition, the length must be between 100 yards
and 130 yards and the width between 50 and 100 yards.

Law 2: The Soccer Ball
The circumference of a soccer ball must not be more than 28 inches (70 centimeters) and not less
than 27 ins (68 cm).
The size 5 ball, used by ages 12 and above, is spherical and made of leather or some other
suitable material.
It must not weigh more than 16 ounces (450 grams) and not less than 14 oz (410 g) at the start of
a match.
The ball must be of a pressure equal to 0.6 1.1 atmosphere (600 1,000 g/cm2) at sea level
(8.5 Ibs/sq in 15.6 Ibs/sq in).

Law 3: The Number of Players
A match is played by two teams, with each allowed no more than 11 players on the field at any
one time, one of whom is a goalkeeper. A match may not start if either team has fewer than
seven players.

Law 4: The Players' Equipment
The FIFA Laws of the Game state that players are not allowed to use equipment or wear
anything that is dangerous to himself or any other player (including any kind of jewellery).
A players basic equipment consists of a jersey or shirt with sleeves, shorts, stockings, shinpads
and footwear.
The two teams must wear colors that distinguish themselves from the opponent, referee and
assistant referees.

Law 5: The Referee
The referee has the full authority to enforce the laws of the game and his decision is final. He
controls the match in cooperation with the assistant referees, and where applicable, the fourth
official. The referee ensures that the ball and players' equipment meets the requirements, acts as
timekeeper and stops play for infringement of the laws among several other duties.

Law 6: The Assistant Referee
In professional soccer there are two assistant referees whose job it is to call offsides and throw-
ins, and help the referee make decisions. Carrying a flag to signal their observations, assistant
referees, or linesmen as they are commonly known, must monitor the sidelines and goal lines and
flag if the ball goes out of play, signaling which team the goal kick or throw-in should be
awarded to.

Law 7: The Duration of the Match
Matches consist of two 45 minute halves, unless the two teams and referee agree otherwise
before the start of play. The half-time interval must not exceed 15 minutes, and can only be
altered upon consent of the referee. A referee may play added time because of substitutions,
assessment of injuries, removal of injured players from the field of play, time wasting and any
other cause. An abandoned match is replayed unless the competition rules state otherwise.

Law 8: The Start and Restart of Play
Kick-off is the way of starting or restarting play:
- To begin a match
- If a goal has been scored
- To begin the second half
- To begin a period of extra-time.

Law 9: The Ball in and out of Play
The ball is out of play when:
- It has wholly crossed the goalline or touchline
- Play has been stopped by the referee.
The ball is in play at all other times, including when:
-It rebounds off a goalpost, crossbar or corner flag and stays on the field.
-When it hits a referee or assistant referee when they are on the field.

Law 10: The Method of Scoring
Goal Scored:
A goal is scored when the whole of the ball crosses the whole of the goalline between the posts
and crossbar, provided there is no infringement such as offside, a foul or handball.
The team that scores the most goals wins the match. If the number of goals scored between the
two sides is equal at the end of a match, it is a draw.
When competition rules require that there must be a winner, the outcome will be decided by
either:
- Away goals rule
- Extra-time
- Penalty kicks.
Law 11: The Offside
The law states that if a player is in an offside position when the ball is played to him or touched
by a teammate, he may not become actively involved in the play.
A player is in an offside position if he is closer to the goal line than both the ball and the second-
to-last defender, but only if he is in the opposition half of the field.

Law 12: Fouls and Misconduct
Click the heading for a summary of the different infractions that will lead the referee to blow the
whistle, stop play, and possibly take disciplinary action.

Law 13: Free Kicks
Free kicks are either direct or indirect, and the ball must be stationary when the kick is taken.
The kicker must not touch the ball again until it has touched another player.

Law 14 : The Penalty Kick
Feinting in the run up to taking a penalty kick to confuse the goalkeeper is permitted. However,
feinting to kick the ball once the player has completed his run up is considered an act of
unsporting behavior for which the player must be cautioned by the referee.
Preparing for the penalty kick
The referee must confirm the following before the kick is taken:
- the kicker is identified
- the ball is placed properly on the penalty mark
- the goalkeeper is on the goal line between the posts and facing the kicker
All other players on the field are:
- Outside the penalty area - Outside the penalty arc
- Behind the ball.

Laws 15, 16 & 17: Throw Ins, Goal Kicks, and Corner Kicks
When the ball goes out of play over the touchline, a throw in will be taken by a player from the
team who did not touch the ball last. When the whole of the ball goes over the goalline, a goal
kick or corner is awarded, depending on which team touched the ball last. If the defending team
touched it, a corner is awarded to the opposition. If the attacking team had the last touch, a goal
kick is awarded.

SoccerFouls
Anexplanationoffreekicksandpenaltiesinsoccer
By J oshua Robinson
Therulesofthegamearesetdownbysoccersworldgoverningbody,FIFA.Theassociationsofficial
handbookisa140pagedocument,whichincludesdetaileddiscussionofeveryfoul,infraction,and
regulationinthegame.Youcanfindithere.
Short of that, here is a summary of the different infractions that will lead the referee to blow the
whistle, stop play, and possibly take disciplinary action, as worded by FIFA.
Direct Free Kick
Definition: When the referee stops play for certain fouls, he may award a team a direct free kick,
meaning that team will resume play from the spot of the infraction with a pass or a shot at goal.
Any members of the opposing team must be at least 10 yards away when the ball is struck. If the
free kick were indirect, it means that a second player must touch the ball before it the team can
shoot at goal.
A direct free kick is awarded to the opposing team if a player commits any of the following six
offenses in a manner considered by the referee to be careless, reckless or using excessive force:
kicksorattemptstokickanopponent
tripsorattemptstotripanopponent
jumpsatanopponent
chargesanopponent
strikesorattemptstostrikeanopponent
pushesanopponent
A direct free kick is also awarded to the opposing team if a player commits any of the following
four offences:
tacklesanopponenttogainpossessionoftheball,makingcontactwiththeopponentbefore
touchingtheball
holdsanopponent
spitsatanopponent
handlestheballdeliberately(exceptforthegoalkeeperwithinhisownpenaltyarea)
Penalty Kick
A penalty kick is awarded if any of the above ten offences is committed by a player
inside his own penalty area, irrespective of the position of the ball, provided it is in play.
One player may then take a free shot at goal (defended only by the goalkeeper standing
on the goal line) from the penalty spot, located 12 yards away.
Indirect Free Kick
An indirect free kick is awarded to the opposing team if a goalkeeper, inside his own
penalty area, commits any of the following offences:
o takesmorethanfourstepswhilecontrollingtheballwithhishands,beforereleasingit
fromhispossession
o touchestheballagainwithhishandsafterithasbeenreleasedfromhispossessionand
hasnottouchedanyotherplayer
o touchestheballwithhishandsafterithasbeendeliberatelykickedtohimbyateam
mate
o touchestheballwithhishandsafterhehasreceiveditdirectlyfromathrowintakenby
ateammate
An indirect free kick is also awarded to the opposing team if a player, in the opinion of
the referee, commits any of the following three offences:
o playsinadangerousmanner
o impedestheprogressofanopponent
o preventsthegoalkeeperfromreleasingtheballfromhishands
o commitsanyotheroffence,notpreviouslymentioned,forwhichplayisstoppedto
cautionordismissaplayer
Yellow and Red Cards
After awarding a free kick or penalty kick, a referee may take further disciplinary
action against a player by showing him a yellow or red card.
Yellow Cards
A player is cautioned and shown the yellow card if he commits any of the
following seven offences:
isguiltyofunsportingbehaviour
showsdissentbywordoraction
persistentlyinfringestheLawsoftheGame
delaystherestartofplay
failstorespecttherequireddistancewhenplayisrestartedwithacornerkickor
freekick
entersorreentersthefieldofplaywithoutthereferee'spermission
deliberatelyleavesthefieldofplaywithoutthereferee'spermission
Red Cards
A player is sent off and shown the red card if he commits any of the following
seven offences:
isguiltyofseriousfoulplay
isguiltyofviolentconduct
spitsatanopponentoranyotherperson
deniesanopponentagoaloranobviousgoalscoringopportunityby
deliberatelyhandlingtheball(thisdoesnotapplytoagoalkeeperwithinhis
ownpenaltyarea)
deniesanobviousgoalscoringopportunitytoanopponentmovingtowardsthe
player'sgoalbyanoffencepunishablebyafreekickorapenaltykick
usesoffensive,insultingorabusivelanguage
receivesasecondcautioninthesamematch

FreeKicksinSoccer
By Stewart Coggin
Freekicksareeitherdirectorindirect,andtheballmustbestationarywhenthekickistaken.Thekicker
mustnottouchtheballagainuntilithastouchedanotherplayer.
The direct free kick
Ballentersthegoal:
If a direct free kick is kicked directly into an opponents goal, a goal is awarded.
If a direct free kick is kicked directly into the teams own goal, a corner kick is awarded.
The indirect free kick
Agoalcanonlybescoredifitsubsequentlytouchesanotherplayerbeforecrossingthegoalline.
If an indirect free kick is kicked directly into the opponents goal, a goal kick is awarded.
If an indirect free kick is kicked directly into the teams own goal, a corner kick is awarded to the
opposing team.
Free kick from inside the area
Directorindirectfreekicktothedefendingteam:
- All opponents must be at least 10 yards from the ball
- All opponents must remain outside the penalty area until the ball is in play (kicked directly out
of the penalty area).
- A free kick awarded in the goal area may be taken from any point inside that area.
Indirect free kick to the attacking team
Allopponentsmustbeatleast10yardsfromtheballuntilitisinplay,unlessontheirowngoalline
betweentheposts.
- The ball is in play when it is kicked and moves.
- An indirect free kick awarded inside the goal area must be taken on the goal area line at the
nearest point to where the infringement occurred.
Free kick outside the penalty area
- All opponents must be at least 10 yards from the ball until it is in play.
- The ball is in play when it is kicked and moves
- The free kick is taken from the place where the infringement occurred or from the position of
the ball when the infringement occurred (according to the infringement).
Infringements and sanctions
A free kick will be retaken if an opponent is closer to the ball than the required distance. The
kick will also be retaken if it is taken by the defending team and is not kicked directly out of the
penalty area.
Free kick taken by a player other than the goalkeeper:
If, after the ball is in play, the kicker touches it again (except with his hands) without another
player touching it:
- An indirect free kick is awarded to the other team, to be taken from the place where the
infringement occurred.
If the kicker deliberately handles the ball once it is in play following the kick:
- A direct free kick is awarded to the opposition from where the infringement occurred.
- A penalty kick is awarded if the handball occurred in the kickers penalty area.
Free kick taken by the goalkeeper:
If, after the ball is in play, the goalkeeper touches it again (except with his hands) without
another player touching it:
- An indirect free-kick is awarded to the opposition, to be taken from the place where the
If, after the ball is in play, the goalkeeper deliberately handles the ball before it has touched
another player.
- A direct free kick is awarded to the opposing team if the infringement occurred outside the
goalkeepers penalty area, from where the infringement occurred.
- An indirect free kick is awarded to the opposition if the infringement took place inside the
goalkeepers penalty area, to be taken from the place where the infringement occurred.
Balls A, B and C are still in play as
they have not wholly crossed the
touchline. Ball D has completely
passed over the touchline, and is out
of play.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The ball in and out of play is the ninth law of the Laws of the Game of
association football, and describes to the two basic states of play in the
game.
The ball remains in play from the beginning of each period to the end of
that period, except when:
The ball leaves the field by entirely crossing a goal line or touch
line (this includes when a goal is scored); or
Play is stopped by the referee (for example when a foul has been
committed, a player is seriously injured, or the ball becomes
defective).
The Law specifically notes that the ball remains in play if it rebounds off
a goal frame, corner flag, referee or assistant referee, assuming that they
are on the field of play at the time.
When the ball is in play players may play the ball, contest the ball, and goals may be scored. Players are liable
to punishment for committing either fouls or misconduct. Substitutions may not occur whilst the ball is in play.
When the ball becomes out of play, the ball is put back into play be the appropriate restart. The restarts in
football are:
Throw-in: when the ball has entirely crossed the touch line; awarded to opposing team to that which last
touched the ball. (Law 15 (http://www.fifa.com/en/laws/Laws15_01.htm)).
Indirect free kick: awarded to the opposing team following "non-penal" fouls (like obstruction, offside,
etc.), certain technical infringements, or when play is stopped to caution/send-off an opponent without a
specific foul having occurred. (Law 13 (http://www.fifa.com/en/laws/Laws13_01.htm)).
Direct free kick: awarded to fouled team following certain listed "penal" fouls, (Law 13
(http://www.fifa.com/en/laws/Laws13_01.htm)) and certain "dead-ball" methods of restarts that include
Kick-off: following a goal by the opposing team, or to begin each period of play. (Law 8
(http://www.fifa.com/en/laws/Laws8_01.htm)).
Goal kick: when the ball has entirely crossed the goal line without a goal having been scored and
having last been touched by an attacker; awarded to defending team. (Law 16 (http://www.fifa.com
/en/laws/Laws16_01.htm)).
Ball in and out of play - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ball_in_and_out_of_play
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Penalty kick: awarded to fouled team following "penal" foul having occurred in their opponent's
penalty area. (Law 14 (http://www.fifa.com/en/laws/Laws14_01.htm)).
Corner kick: when the ball has entirely crossed the goal line without a goal having been scored and
having last been touched by a defender; awarded to attacking team. (Law 17 (http://www.fifa.com
/en/laws/Laws17_01.htm)).
Dropped-ball: occurs when the referee has stopped play for any other reason (e.g. a serious injury to a
player, interference by an external party, or a ball becoming defective). This restart is uncommon in adult
games. (Law 8 (http://www.fifa.com/en/laws/Laws8_03.htm)).
Once the ball is out of play, the only restart is the restart appropriate for the reason the ball went out of play in
the first place; subsequent actions do not change the restart. For example, if the ball goes out of play because of
a foul by Team A against Team B, the restart must be a free kick to Team B even if a Team B player strikes an
opponent; offending Team B player would, however, be liable for misconduct (i.e. yellow card or red card).
Note, however, that the referee may change the original restart if he realises he has made an error or on the
advice of his assistant referees, provided play has not yet restarted. For example, if the ball has gone out of play
because the ball was kicked into goal by Team A and the referee has signalled that a goal has been scored, but
then notices that an assistant referee has indicated a foul by a Team A player immediately before the goal was
scored, the referee would change to the correct restart of a free kick to Team B where the foul occurred.
"The Laws of the Game" (http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/footballdevelopment/refereeing/81/42
/36/log2013en_neutral.pdf). FIFA. Retrieved 14 February 2014.
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ball_in_and_out_of_play&oldid=595465054"
Categories: Laws of association football Association football terminology
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Ball in and out of play - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ball_in_and_out_of_play
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A Venn diagram showing the relationship between fouls and
misconduct in association football, with examples. The offside
offence is an example of a technical rule infraction that is neither a
foul nor a misconduct. Note that the referee is given considerable
discretion as to the rules' implementation, including deciding which
offences are cautionable "unsportsmanlike" conduct.
(Redirected from Misconduct (association football))
Fouls and misconduct in association
football are acts committed by players which
are considered deemed by the referee to be
unfair and are subsequently penalized. An
offence may be a foul, misconduct or both
depending on the nature of the offence and
the circumstances in which it occurs. Fouls
and misconduct are addressed in Law 12 of
the Laws of the Game.
A foul is an unfair act by a player which is
deemed by the referee to contravene the
game's laws. Fouls are punished by the
award of a free-kick (direct or indirect
depending on the offence) or penalty kick to
the opposing team. For an act to be a foul it
must:
be a specific offence listed in Law 12
of the Laws of the Game (other
infractions, such as technical
infractions at restarts, are not deemed
to be fouls);
be committed by a player (not a substitute);
occur on the field of play, while the ball is in play;
be committed against an opponent, when applicable (For example, a player striking the referee or a
teammate, is not a foul, but is a misconduct);
Misconduct is any conduct by a player that is deemed by the referee to warrant a disciplinary sanction (caution
or dismissal). Misconduct may include acts which are, additionally, fouls. Misconduct may occur at any time,
including when the ball is out of play, during half-time and before and after the game, and both players and
substitutes may be sanctioned for misconduct. This is unlike a foul, which is committed by a player, on the field
of play, and only against an opponent when the ball is in play.
Misconduct will result in the player either receiving a caution (indicated by a yellow card) or being dismissed
("sent off") from the field (indicated by a red card). When a player is cautioned, the player's details are
traditionally recorded by the referee in a small notebook; hence, a caution is also known as a booking. The
referee has considerable discretion in applying the Laws; in particular, the offence of "unsporting behaviour"
may be used to deal with most events that violate the spirit of the game, even if they are not listed as specific
offences.
The system of cautioning and dismissal has existed for many decades, but the idea of language-neutral coloured
Fouls and misconduct (association football) - Wikipedia, the free encycl... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misconduct_(association_football)
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cards originated with British referee Ken Aston, who got the idea while sitting in his car at a traffic light.
[1]
The
first major use of the cards was in the 1970 FIFA World Cup, but they were not made mandatory at all levels
until 1982.
1 Categories of foul
1.1 Direct free kick offences
1.2 Indirect free kick offences
1.3 Other offences
2 Misconduct
2.1 Yellow card (caution)
2.2 Red card (dismissal)
2.3 History and origin
3 Referee's discretion
3.1 Advantage
4 Restarts
5 Team officials
6 Post-match penalties
7 See also
8 References
9 External links
Direct free kick offences
A direct free kick is awarded when a player commits any of the following in a manner considered by the referee
to be careless, reckless or using excessive force:
Kicks or attempts to kick an opponent
Trips or attempts to trip an opponent
J umps at an opponent
Charges an opponent
Strikes or attempts to strike an opponent
Pushes an opponent
Tackles an opponent
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Or commits any the following offences:
Holds an opponent
Spits at an opponent
Handles the ball deliberately (except for the goalkeeper within his own penalty area).
In determining whether or not a player deliberately handled the ball, the referee has several considerations:
(a) Movement of the hand towards the ball (not the ball towards the hand) (b) Distance between the opponent
and the ball (unexpected ball) (c) Position of the hand ('natural' position versus 'unnatural' position) does not
necessarily mean that there is an infringement (d) Touching the ball with an object held in the hand (clothing,
shinguard, etc.) counts as an infringement (considered an extension of the hand) (e) Hitting the ball with a
thrown object (boot, shinguard, etc.) counts as an infringement (also considered an extension of the hand)
If a player commits a direct free kick offence within his own penalty area, a penalty kick is awarded irrespective
of the position of the ball, provided the ball is in play.
Indirect free kick offences
Fouls punishable by an indirect free kick are:
When a goalkeeper, inside his own penalty area:
controls the ball with his hands for more than six seconds before releasing it from his possession
touches the ball again with his hands after he has released it from his possession and before it has
touched another player
touches the ball with his hands after it has been deliberately kicked to him by a team-mate (the
back-pass rule)
touches the ball with his hands after he has received it directly from a throw-in taken by a
team-mate
When any player in the opinion of the referee:
plays in a dangerous manner
impedes the progress of an opponent
prevents the goalkeeper from releasing the ball from his hands
commits any other offence, not previously mentioned in Law 12, for which play is stopped to
caution or send off a player
Some technical breaches of the rules, such as the offside offence, result in play being restarted with an indirect
free kick, though these are not considered fouls.
Other offences
Not all infractions of the Laws are fouls. Non-foul infractions may be dealt with as technical infractions (e.g. as
breaching the rules governing the restarts of play) or misconduct (these are punishable by a caution or
sending-off). Note that persistent fouls or infractions may be considered by the referee to be unsporting conduct,
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A player is cautioned and
shown a yellow card
which can warrant an official caution.
The referee may consider serious and/or persistent offences to be misconduct worthy of an official caution or
dismissal from the game. Association football was the first sport to use coloured cards to indicate these
actions.
[2]
Yellow card (caution)
A yellow card is shown by the referee to indicate that a player has been
officially cautioned.
[3]
The player's details are then recorded by the referee in a
small notebook; hence a caution is also known as a "booking". A player who
has been cautioned may continue playing in the game; however, a player who
receives a second caution in a match is sent off (shown the yellow card again,
and then a red card (see below)), meaning that he must leave the field
immediately and take no further part in the game. The player may not be
replaced by a substitute. Law 12 of the Laws of the Game (which are set by the
International Football Association Board and used by FIFA) lists the types of
offences and misconduct that may result in a caution. It also states that "only a
player, substitute or substituted player" can be cautioned.
[3]
A player is
cautioned and shown a yellow card if he/she commits any of the following
offences:
Dissent by word or action 1.
Persistent infringement on the Laws of the Game 2.
Delaying the restart of play (includes deliberate time-wasting tactics) 3.
Failure to respect the required distance when play is restarted with a corner kick, throw-in or free kick 4.
Entering or re-entering the field of play without the referee's permission 5.
Deliberately leaving the field of play without the referee's permission 6.
In addition, a player can be cautioned and shown a yellow card for "Unsportsmanlike conduct". What
constitutes cautionable unsportsmanlike behaviour is generally at the referee's discretion. This may include
simulation intended to deceive the referee, or delaying the restart of play by withholding the ball. Poor or
deliberate fouls are commonly punished by yellow cards, although some tackles, especially those which are
dangerous, two-footed, or those which prevent a clear goal-scoring opportunity for the player tackled, may be
punished by a red card.
A change in 2004 to the Laws of the Game championed by FIFA President Sepp Blatter mandated automatic
yellow cards for players who remove their shirts while celebrating goals. In addition, an instruction has been in
the additional instructions at the end of the Laws of the Game for some time that should a player jump over or
climb on to a perimeter fence to the Field of Play, they should be cautioned for unsportsmanlike behaviour. This
was seen as mainly preventing incidents in professional football matches where crowds had rushed towards
players and had led to injuries.
In most tournaments, the accumulation of a certain number of yellow cards over several matches results in
disqualification of the offending player for a certain number of subsequent matches, the exact number of cards
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A player is shown a red card
to indicate their dismissal from
the game
and matches varying by jurisdiction. In the UEFA Champions League, for instance, accumulating two yellow
cards in a stage of the tournament will lead to a one-game suspension. In such situations players have been
known to deliberately incur a second booking in a tournament when the following game is of little importance,
deliberately resetting their yellow card tally to zero for subsequent games. This is however not considered
sporting.
[4]
The idea introducing a sin-bin for yellow card offences has been mooted by, amongst others, UEFA president
Michel Platini.
[5]
Red card (dismissal)
A red card is shown by a referee to signify that a player has been sent off.
[3]
A
player who has been sent off is required to leave the field of play immediately
and must take no further part in the game. Only players, substitutes and
substituted players may receive a red card. If a team's goalkeeper receives a
red card another player is allowed to assume goalkeeping duties (teams usually
substitute an outfield player for another goalkeeper if this option is available).
Law 12 of the Laws of the Game lists the categories of misconduct for which a
player may be sent off. These are:
Serious foul play (a violent foul) 1.
Violent conduct (any other act of violence) e.g. assaulting the referee. 2.
Spitting at anyone or another player 3.
A deliberate handling offense to deny an obvious goal-scoring
opportunity by any player other than a goalkeeper in his own penalty
area
4.
Committing an offence that denies an opponent an obvious goal-scoring opportunity (informally known
as a professional foul)
5.
Using offensive, insulting or abusive language or gestures 6.
Receiving a second caution (yellow card) in the same game 7.
In most tournaments, a single direct red card (i.e. not one received as a result of two successive yellow ones)
results in disqualification of the offending player for one or more subsequent matches, the exact number of
matches varying by the offence committed and by jurisdiction. Should a team's on-field players receive a total
of five red cards, they will be unable to field the required minimum of seven players and the match will be
abandoned.
History and origin
The idea of using language-neutral coloured cards to communicate a referee's intentions originated with British
football referee Ken Aston.
[2]
Aston had been appointed to the FIFA Referees' Committee and was responsible
for all referees at the 1966 FIFA World Cup. In the quarter finals, England met Argentina at Wembley Stadium.
After the match, newspaper reports stated that referee Rudolf Kreitlein had cautioned both Bobby and J ack
Charlton, as well as sending off Argentinian Antonio Rattin. The referee had not made his decision clear during
the game, and England manager Alf Ramsey approached FIFA for post-match clarification. This incident started
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Referee Mark Geiger signals for
advantage
Aston thinking about ways to make a referee's decisions clearer to both players and spectators. Aston realised
that a colour-coding scheme based on the same principle as used on traffic lights (yellow - caution, red - stop)
would traverse language barriers and clarify whether a player had been cautioned or expelled.
[2]
As a result,
yellow cards to indicate a caution and red cards to indicate an expulsion were used for the first time in the 1970
FIFA World Cup in Mexico. The use of penalty cards has since been adopted and expanded by several sporting
codes, with each sport adapting the idea to its specific set of rules or laws.
The referee has a very large degree of discretion as to the interpretation of the 17 Laws including determining
which acts constitute cautionable offences under the very broad categories. For this reason, refereeing decisions
are sometimes controversial. Some Laws may specify circumstances under which a caution should or must be
given, and numerous directives to referees also provide additional guidance. The encouragement for referees to
use their judgment and common sense is known colloquially as "Law 18".
[6]
Advantage
According to the principle of advantage, play should be allowed to
continue when the team against which an offence has been committed
will benefit from ongoing play. The referee indicates this by calling
"play on!" and extending both arms in front of his body.
[6]
FIFA's guidance on the interpretation of the Laws for referees outlines
the considerations a referee must make when deciding whether to play
advantage, these include the severity of the offence and the potential for
attacking opportunity. Referees are instructed to make such decisions
"within a few seconds" of the offence.
[7]
In rare situations, advantage can also be applied if the foul was also a
misconduct. Play is allowed to continue, but at the next stoppage in play
the caution or send off must be issued and the appropriate card
displayed.
[8]
If the ball is out of play when an infraction of the Laws of the Game
occurs, play is restarted according to the reason the ball became out of play before the infraction. (Any
infraction of the Laws of the Game that occurs while the ball is out of play is misconduct, not a foul.)
If the misconduct occurs when the ball is in play, play need not be stopped to administer a caution or a
dismissal, as these may be done at the next stoppage of play (this is usually the case when the opposing team
would gain an advantage in having play continue). When this is the case, play is restarted according the reason
for the ball becoming out of play, e.g. a throw-in if play stopped due to the ball crossing a touchline.
If play is stopped to administer a caution or dismissal:
If a foul has occurred as well as misconduct, play is restarted according to the nature of the foul (either an
6 of 8 7/15/2014 5:05 PM
indirect free kick, direct free kick or penalty kick to the opposing team)
If no foul under Law 12 has occurred, play is restarted with an indirect free kick to the opposing team
Team officials such as managers and coaches may not be cautioned or sent from the technical area in the above
manner. However, according to Law 5 the referee "takes action against team officials who fail to conduct
themselves in a responsible manner and may, at his discretion, expel them from the field of play and its
immediate surroundings."
The league sanction for a sent-off coach or manager is normally a ban from being in the dugout or in the
changing room for a certain number of matches thereafter. The particular football association determines the
length of the ban and/or other appropriate action(s).
Many football leagues and federations have off-field penalties for players who accumulate a certain number of
cautions in a season, tournament or phase of a tournament. Typically, these take the form of a suspension from
playing in their team's next game(s) after that number of cautions has been reached (usually two in international
tournaments and five in a league season). Such off-field penalties are determined by league rules, and not by the
Laws of the Game.
Similarly, a sending off usually also results in additional sanctions, most commonly in the form of suspensions
from playing for a number of future games, although financial fines may also be imposed. The exact
punishments are determined by tournament or competition rules, and not by the Laws of the Game. FIFA in
particular has been adamant that a red card in any football competition must result in the guilty player being
suspended for at least the next game without the right to appeal.
At the 2006 FIFA World Cup, any player receiving two yellow cards during the three group stage matches, or
two yellow cards in the knockout stage matches had to serve a one-match suspension for the next game. A
single yellow card did not carry over from the group stage to the knockout stages. Should the player pick up his
second yellow during the team's final group match, he would miss the Round of 16 if his team qualified for it.
However, suspensions due to yellow cards do not carry beyond the World Cup finals.
For the 2010 FIFA World Cup, the rules were changed so that any player who received two yellow cards
between the beginning of the tournament and the end of the quarterfinal round (instead of the end of the group
stage matches) would serve a one-match suspension for the next game. As a result, only players that received
two yellow cards or a straight red card in the semifinal game would not be able to play in the final.
In the UEFA Champions League, for instance, accumulating two yellow cards in a stage of the tournament will
lead to a one game suspension. In the group stage players have often intentionally collected the second yellow
card which will "strategically" reset their tally of yellow cards to zero for the knockout round, but this is
considered unsportsmanlike.
[9]
Laws of the Game (association football)
7 of 8 7/15/2014 5:05 PM
Tactical foul
^ Ken Aston the inventor of yellow and red cards (http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/footballdevelopment
/technicalsupport/refereeing/news/newsid=80623/) FIFA.com, 15 J anuary 2002
1.
^
a

b

c
"Ken Aston - the inventor of yellow and red cards" (http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/footballdevelopment
/technicalsupport/refereeing/news/newsid=80623/index.html). fifa.com. Retrieved February 20, 2013.
2.
^
a

b

c
"Laws of the Game" (http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/lawsofthegame.html/). fifa.com. Retrieved J une 6,
2008.
3.
^ [1] (http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/europe/9244634.stm)[2] (http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football
/europe/9229485.stm)
4.
^ "Sin-bins and other laws changes in football to be discussed" (http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/25718565).
BBC. 13 J anuary 2013. Retrieved 27 J une 2014.
5.
^
a

b
United States Soccer Federation Inc.,; Michael Lewis (2000). Soccer for dummies (http://books.google.co.uk
/books?id=lp7ZmTfl_ckC). Foster City, CA: IDG Books Worldwide. ISBN 1118053575. Retrieved 5 J une 2014.
6.
^ "Interpretation of the Laws of the Game and Guidelines for Referees" (http://www.fifa.com/mm/document
/worldfootball/clubfootball/01/37/04/21/interpretation_law05_en.pdf). FIFA. p. 68. Retrieved 5 J une 2014.
7.
^ Ask A Referee (http://www.askasoccerreferee.com/?cat=38) Q&A moderated and approved by
United_States_Soccer_Federation
8.
^ See Uefa reduces Real Madrid coach Jose Mourinho's ban (http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/europe
/9244634.stm), BBC Sport website, 6 December 2010, also Uefa investigation into red cards surprises Real Madrid
(http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/europe/9229485.stm), ibid., 26 November 2010
9.
Q&A: So what makes a bad tackle? (http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/19707057), BBC Sport
website, 24 September 2012
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fouls_and_misconduct_(association_football)&
oldid=615831375"
Categories: Laws of association football Association football terminology Misconduct
This page was last modified on 6 J uly 2014 at 15:46.
8 of 8 7/15/2014 5:05 PM
A direct free kick
A direct free kick is a method of restarting play in a game
of association football following a foul. Unlike an indirect
free kick, a goal may be scored directly against the opposing
side without the ball having first touched another player.
1 Award
2 Procedure
3 Scoring opportunities
4 Infringements/Sanctions
5 Strategy
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
A direct free kick is awarded when a player commits a deliberate foul outside of the penalty box (for offsides,
etc., an indirect free kick is awarded).
[1]
However, if the offence was committed by the defending team within
their own penalty area, the kick becomes a penalty kick.
The kick is taken from where the foul occurred, unless it was within the fouled team's own goal area, in which
case it may be taken from anywhere within the goal area. The ball must be stationary prior to being kicked.
Opponents must remain 10 yards (9.1 metres) from the ball (also, outside of the penalty area if the kick is taken
from within the defending team's penalty area) until the ball is in play. Observing the minimum distance limit,
the opposite players may choose to form a "wall" between the ball and the goal.
Vanishing foam has been used at the professional level since 2000 to keep the defending players at the right
distance.
To keep the initiative a quick free kick is sometimes taken without waiting for the opposing players to retire
from the 9.15 m (10-yard) radius.
The ball becomes in play as soon as it is kicked and moves, unless the kick was taken from within the kicking
team's penalty area, in which case it is in play once it has passed directly beyond the penalty area.
Direct free kick - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_free_kick
1 of 4 7/15/2014 5:05 PM
Often several players will
line up for a free kick, so as
to mask their intentions to
the defending team.
A goal may be scored directly from a direct free kick, but only against the
opposing side (i.e. an own goal may not be scored). Should the ball directly land
in the kicking team's own goal, a corner kick is awarded to the opposing team. A
player may be penalised for an offside offence committed from a direct free
kick; with the exception of receiving the ball directly from a goal kick or corner
kick.
There are three primary techniques used with direct free kicks. First, the player
taking the direct free kick may blast the ball as hard as he can, usually with the
laces of the boot. Alternatively, some players try to curl the ball around the
keeper, with the inside or outside of the boot. Additionally, certain free kick
specialists will choose to kick the ball with minimal spin, making the ball
behave unpredictably in the air. Free kick takers may also attempt to cross the
ball to their centre backs or strikers to get a header on goal, especially if the
position of the free kick is close to the wings.
If, when a free kick is taken, an opponent is closer to the ball than the required distance:
The kick is retaken.
If, when the free kick is taken by the defending team from inside its own penalty area, the ball is not kicked
directly out of the penalty area:
The kick is retaken.
Free kicks taken by a player other than the goalkeeper
If, after the ball is in play, the kicker touches the ball again (except with his hands) before it has touched another
player:
An indirect free kick is awarded to the opposing team. The kick to be taken from the place where the
If, after the ball is in play, the kicker deliberately handles the ball before it has touched another player:
A direct free kick is awarded to the opposing team. The kick is to be taken from the place where the
A penalty kick is awarded if the infringement occurred inside the kicker's penalty area.
Free kick taken by the goalkeeper
If, after the ball is in play, the goalkeeper touches the ball again (except with his hands), before it has touched
another player:
2 of 4 7/15/2014 5:05 PM
A defending team attempts to block
the direct path to goal with a "wall"
of players.
An indirect free kick is awarded to the opposing team, the kick to be taken from the place where the
If, after the ball is in play, the goalkeeper deliberately handles the ball before it has touched another player:
A direct free kick is awarded to the opposing team if the infringement occurred outside the goalkeeper's
penalty area, the kick to be taken from the place where the infringement occurred.
An indirect free kick is awarded to the opposing team if the infringement occurred inside the goalkeeper's
penalty area, the kick to be taken from the place where the infringement occurred.
Most teams have one or two designated free kick takers, depending on
the distance from goal and the side of the field the free kick is to be
taken from. The strategy may be to score a goal directly from the free
kick, or to use the free kick as the beginning of a set play leading
towards a goal scoring opportunity.
Where there is a potential for a dangerous shot on goal to occur from a
direct free kick often the defending side erects a "wall" of players
standing side-by-side as a barrier to the shot. A kicker who has the skill
to curl the ball around a wall is at a distinct advantage.
The 'wall' is the main defensive strategy for a direct free kick. It is a
system of defending part of the goal from a free kick. The process
includes positioning players 10 yards (9.1 metres) from the ball, while
also joined together and placed in-between the ball and the goal. (See
photo.) The number of players composing the wall varies based on
distance. It is not fully known when the 'wall' was started.
Indirect free kick
^ "When is a direct free-kick awarded?" (http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/rules_and_equipment
/4200940.stm). BBC Sport. 1 September 2005. Retrieved 17 December 2009.
1.
Work on your Freekicks (http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/skills/7297125.stm)
When is a direct free-kick awarded? (http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/rules_and_equipment
/4200940.stm)
3 of 4 7/15/2014 5:05 PM
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Direct_free_kick&oldid=615276951"
Categories: Laws of association football Association football tactics and skills
4 of 4 7/15/2014 5:05 PM
An indirect free kick is a method of restarting play in a game of association football. Unlike a direct free kick,
a goal may not be scored directly from the kick. The law was derived from the Sheffield Rules that stated that
no goal could be scored from a free kick. This law was absorbed into the Laws of the Game in 1877 and later
adapted to allow direct free kicks as a result of dangerous play. An indirect free kick is awarded to the opposing
team when a player commits a foul other than a penalty foul (e.g. dangerous play) or infringes certain technical
requirements of the laws (e.g. touching the ball a second time following a restart, or the keeper touching the ball
with his hands when a teammate has used his foot to pass it back to the keeper). An indirect free kick is also
awarded to the opposing team when play is stopped to caution or send-off a player when no specific foul has
occurred (e.g. when play is stopped to caution a player for dissenting the decision of the referee). The most
common cause is the offside offence.
[1]
Unlike a direct free kick, an offence punishable by an indirect free kick does not result in a penalty kick when it
occurs in the penalty area; rather, it continues to be taken as an indirect free kick.
[1]
1 Procedure
2 Infringements/Sanctions
3 See also
4 References
5 External links
The kick is taken from where the infringement occurred, unless the offence was committed within the goal area
of the team awarded the kick, in which case the kick may be taken from anywhere within the goal area. An
indirect free kick within the opposing team's goal area is taken from the goal area line, parallel to the goal line,
nearest to where the infringement occurred (i.e. at least 6 yards from the goal line).
The ball must be stationary prior to being kicked. Opponents must remain 10 yards (9.15m) from the ball (and
also outside of the penalty area if the kick is taken from within the kicking team's penalty area) until the ball is
in play. The exception to this is that opponents may be within 10 yards of the ball provided they are standing on
their goal line between the goal posts.
The ball becomes in play when it has been kicked and moves, unless the kick was taken from within the kicking
team's penalty area, in which case it is in play once it has passed completely out of the penalty area.
A goal may not be scored directly from an indirect free kick, rather it must be touched by a second player before
a goal can be scored. If the ball goes in goal directly from an indirect free kick, a goal kick is awarded to the
defending team. As with all restarts of play, if the ball goes directly into the kicker's own goal from an indirect
free kick a corner kick is awarded to the opposing team.
Indirect free kick - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indirect_free_kick
1 of 3 7/15/2014 5:06 PM
The referee indicates an indirect free kick by raising his arm above his head until the kick has been taken and
ball has touched another player other than the kicker or has gone out of play.
If, when a free kick is taken, an opponent is closer to the ball than the required distance:
the kick is retaken
If, when the free kick is taken by the defending team from inside its own penalty area, the ball does not travel
directly out of the penalty area:
the kick is retaken
Free kicks taken by a player other than the goalkeeper
If, after the ball is in play, the kicker touches the ball again (except with his hands) before it has touched another
player:
an indirect free kick is awarded to the opposing team, the kick to be taken from the place where the
infringement occurred
If, after the ball is in play, the kicker deliberately handles the ball before it has touched another player:
a direct free kick is awarded to the opposing team the kick is to be taken from the place where the
a penalty kick is awarded if the infringement occurred inside the kicker's penalty area
Free kick taken by the goalkeeper
If, after the ball is in play, the goalkeeper touches the ball again (except with his hands), before it has touched
another player:
an indirect free kick is awarded to the opposing team, the kick to be taken from the place where the
If, after the ball is in play, the goalkeeper deliberately handles the ball before it has touched another player:
a direct free kick is awarded to the opposing team if the infringement occurred outside the goalkeeper's
penalty area, the kick to be taken from the place where the infringement occurred
an indirect free kick is awarded to the opposing team if the infringement occurred inside the goalkeeper's
penalty area, the kick to be taken from the place where the infringement occurred
2 of 3 7/15/2014 5:06 PM
Direct free kick
^
a

b
"BBC SPORT | Football | Laws & Equipment | When is a free-kick indirect?" (http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1
/hi/football/rules_and_equipment/4200994.stm). BBC News. 2005-09-01. Retrieved 2008-12-07.
1.
Law 13 - Free Kicks (http://www.thefa.com/TheFA/RulesAndRegulations/FIFALawsOfTheGame
/Postings/2002/05/Law13.htm) FIFA
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indirect_free_kick&oldid=608530251"
This page was last modified on 14 May 2014 at 11:14.
3 of 3 7/15/2014 5:06 PM
Football player Birgit Prinz preparing
to take a penalty kick.
A penalty kick (also known as penalty or spot kick) is a type of direct
free kick in association football, taken from 12 yards (approximately 11
metres) out from the goal, on the penalty mark.
Penalty kicks are performed during normal play. They are awarded when
a foul normally punishable by a direct free kick is committed within the
defending player's own penalty area. Similar kicks are made in a penalty
shootout in some tournaments to determine which team is victorious
after a drawn match; though similar in procedure, these are not penalty
kicks and are governed by slightly different rules.
In practice, penalties are converted to goals more often than not, even
against world class goalkeepers. This means that penalty awards are
often decisive, especially in low-scoring games. Missed penalty kicks are often demoralising to players because
it is an easy opportunity to score.
1 Procedure
2 Tap penalty
3 Infringements
4 Saving tactics
4.1 "Reading" the kicker
4.2 Use of knowledge of kicker's history
4.3 Distraction
5 Scoring statistics
6 History
7 Notes
8 External links
The referee gives the ball to a player on the non-offending team. The referee then instructs the goalkeeper to not
come off of the goal line. While this is happening, the shooter places the ball on the penalty mark and prepares
to strike the ball. The referee will then ask the goalkeeper if he/she is ready, and if so blows the whistle which
lets the shooter know he/she may kick the ball. Then the goalkeeper will attempt to make a save on the shot. But
the shooter cannot move backwards while moving towards the ball or stop when the shooter is very close to the
ball at which time the goalkeeper usually already decided and moved toward one direction. If this happens and a
goal is scored, then the kick is retaken. But if this happens and a goal is not scored, then the defense restarts
Penalty kick - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penalty_kick
1 of 6 7/15/2014 5:06 PM
with an indirect free kick from the penalty spot.
A two-man penalty or "tap" penalty occurs when the penalty-taker, instead of shooting to score a goal, taps the
ball slightly forward and to the side so that a team-mate can run on to it. The team-mate, like all other players,
must be at least ten yards from the penalty mark when the ball is kicked. This strategy depends on the element
of surprise, so that the team-mate can reach the ball ahead of any defenders. The first recorded two-man penalty
was taken by Rik Coppens and Andr Piters in the World Cup Qualifying match Belgium v Iceland on 5 June
1957. Coppens passed the ball to Piters who returned the favour, allowing the former to score. It was later made
famous by Johan Cruyff in a match for AFC Ajax in 1982 against Helmond Sport.
[1]
Arsenal players Thierry Henry and Robert Pirs famously failed in an attempt at a similar penalty in 2005,
during a Premier League match against Manchester City at Highbury. Pirs ran in to take the kick, attempted to
pass to the onrushing Henry, but miskicked; as he had touched the ball (but barely moved it), he could not touch
it again, and City defender Sylvain Distin reached the ball before Henry could.
[2]
In case of an infringement of the laws of the game during a penalty kick, most commonly entering the goal area
illegally, the referee must consider both whether a goal was scored, and which team committed the offence.
Infringement
by
The ball enters the
goal
The ball does NOT enter the goal
Attacking player Penalty is retaken
Indirect free kick to the defending team at the place of the
infringement
Defending
player
Goal Penalty is retaken
Both Penalty is retaken Penalty is retaken
In the case of a player repeatedly infringing the laws during the penalty kick, the referee may caution the player
for persistent infringement. Note that all offences that occur before kick are dealt with in this manner, regardless
of the location of the offence.
As with a direct free kick, the kicker may not touch the ball a second time until another player has touched the
ball (this precludes a kicker from dribbling the ball closer to the goal). The punishment for such an infringement
is an indirect free kick to the opposing team from the point where the offence occurred, unless the touch was
also the more serious handling offence which is punished with a direct free kick.
If the ball is touched by an outside agent (such as an item thrown onto the field by a spectator) as it moves
forward from the kick, the kick is retaken. If the ball rebounds from the goal frame or goalkeeper and such an
incident occurs, it is dealt with as in normal play.
"Reading" the kicker
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A penalty being scored by Ryan
Valentine.
Defending against a penalty kick is one of the most difficult tasks a
goalkeeper can face. Owing to the short distance between the penalty
spot and the goal, there is very little time to react to the shot. Because of
this, the goalkeeper will usually start his or her dive before the ball is
actually struck. In effect, the goalkeeper must act on his best prediction
about where the shot will be aimed. Some keepers decide which way
they will dive beforehand, thus giving themselves a good chance of
diving in time. Others try to read the kicker's motion pattern. On the
other side, kickers often feign and prefer a relatively slow shot in an
attempt to foil the keeper. The potentially most fruitful approach,
shooting high and centre, i.e. in the space that the keeper will evacuate,
also carries the highest risk of shooting above the bar.
As the shooter makes his approach to the ball, the keeper has only a fraction of a second to "read" the shooter's
motions and decide where the ball will go. If their guess is correct, this may result in a saved penalty. Helmuth
Duckadam, the goalkeeper of Steaua Bucureti, saved a record four consecutive penalties in the 1986 European
Cup Final against FC Barcelona. He dived three times to the right and a fourth time to his left to save all
penalties taken, securing victory for his team.
Use of knowledge of kicker's history
A goalkeeper may also rely on knowledge of the shooter's past behaviour to inform his decision. An example of
this would be by former Netherlands national team goalkeeper Hans van Breukelen, who always had a box with
cards with all the information about the opponent's penalty specialist. Ecuadorian goalkeeper Marcelo Elizaga,
after saving a penalty from Carlos Tevez in a match between their national teams, revealed that he had studied
some penalty kicks from Tevez and suspected he was going to shoot to the goalkeeper's left side. Two other
examples occurred during the 2006 FIFA World Cup:
Portugal national team goalkeeper Ricardo in a quarter-final match against England, where he saved three
penalties.
1.
The quarter-final match between Argentina and Germany also came down to penalties, and German
goalkeeper Jens Lehmann was seen looking at a piece of paper kept in his sock before each Argentinian
player would come forward for a penalty kick. It is presumed that information on each kicker's "habits"
were written on this paper. Lehmann saved 2 of the 4 penalties taken.
2.
This approach may not always be successful; the player may intentionally switch from his favoured spot after
witnessing the goalkeeper obtaining knowledge of his kicks. Most times, especially in amateur football, the
goalkeeper is often forced to guess. Game theoretic research shows that strikers and goalies must randomize
their strategies in precise ways to avoid having the opponent take advantage of their predictability.
[3]
Distraction
The goalkeeper also may try to distract the penalty taker, as the expectation is on the penalty taker to succeed,
hence more pressure on the penalty taker, making him more vulnerable to mistakes. For example, in the 2008
UEFA Champions League Final between Manchester United and Chelsea, United goalkeeper Edwin van der Sar
pointed to his left side when Nicolas Anelka stepped up to take a shot in the penalty shoot out. This was because
all of Chelsea's penalties went to the left. Anelka's shot instead went to Van der Sar's right, which was saved.
3 of 6 7/15/2014 5:06 PM
A goalkeeper makes a save from a
penalty kick
Liverpool goalkeeper Bruce Grobbelaar used a famous method of distracting the players called the "spaghetti
legs" trick to help his club defeat Roma to win the 1984 European Cup. This tactic was emulated in the 2005
UEFA Champions League Final, which Liverpool also won, by Liverpool's goalkeeper Jerzy Dudek, helping his
team defeat AC Milan.
An illegal method of saving penalties is for the goalkeeper to make a quick and short jump forward just before
the penalty taker connects with the ball. This not only shuts down the angle of the shot, but also distracts the
penalty taker. The method was used by Brazilian goalkeeper Taffarel. FIFA was less strict on the rule during
that time. In more recent times, FIFA has advised all referees to strictly obey the rule book.
Similarly, a goalkeeper may also attempt to delay a penalty by cleaning his boots, asking the referee to see if the
ball is placed properly and other delaying tactics. This method builds more pressure on the penalty taker, but the
goalkeeper may risk punishments, most likely a yellow card.
Even if the keeper does manage to block the shot, the ball may rebound
back to the shooter or one of his team-mates for another shot, with the
keeper often in poor position to make a second save. This makes saving
penalty kicks astonishingly difficult. This is not a concern in penalty
shoot-outs, where just a single shot is permitted.
These factors would give one the impression that penalty kicks are
scored almost 100% of the time. Missed penalty kicks, however, are not
uncommon despite the simple circumstances. For instance, of the 78
penalty kicks taken during the 200506 English Premier League season,
57 resulted in a goal, meaning almost 30% of the penalties were unsuccessful.
[4]
A German professor who has been studying penalty statistics in the German Bundesliga for 16 years found that
76% of all the penalties during those 16 years went in, and 99% of the shots in the higher half of the goal went
in, although the higher half of the goal is generally a more risky target to aim at. During his career, Italian
striker Roberto Baggio had two occurrences where his shot hit the upper bar, bounced downwards, rebounded
off the keeper and passed the goal line for a goal.
The early origin of the penalty kick probably lies in rugby football, as shown in early match reports, for
example in 1888: "Dewsbury was awarded a penalty kick in front of the goal"
[5]
The concept of a penalty goal
for fouls within 2 yards (1.8 m) of the goal was suggested at a Sheffield FA meeting in 1879.
[6]
The invention of
the penalty kick is also credited to the goalkeeper and businessman William McCrum in 1890 in Milford,
County Armagh, Ireland.
[7]
The Irish Football Association presented the idea to the International Football Association Board and finally
after much debate, the board approved the idea on 2 June 1891.
[8]
Influencing factors were for the Scottish Football Association on 20 December 1890 in the Scottish Cup
quarter-final between East Stirlingshire 1 and Heart of Midlothian 3 when Jimmy Adams
[9]
fisted the ball out
from under the bar.
[10][11]
and for the FA on 14 February 1891 a blatant goal-line handball by a Notts County
4 of 6 7/15/2014 5:06 PM
player in the FA Cup quarter-final against Stoke City, which came into effect in the 189192 season. The
world's first penalty kick was awarded to Airdrieonians in 1891 at Broomfield Park.
[12]
The first penalty kick in
the Football League was awarded to Wolverhampton Wanderers in their game against Accrington at Molineux
Stadium on 14 September 1891. The penalty was taken and scored by "Billy" Heath
[13]
as Wolves went on to
win the game 50.
^ Dart, James (26 October 2005). "Who took the first two-man penalty?" (http://www.guardian.co.uk/football
/2005/oct/26/theknowledge.sport). The Guardian (London).
1.
^ "Wenger defends Pires over penalty" (http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/a/arsenal/4368116.stm). BBC
News. 22 October 2005.
2.
^ Testing Mixed-Strategy Equilibria When Players Are Heterogeneous: The Case of Penalty Kicks in Soccer
(http://www.jstor.org/stable/3083302), 1 September 2002, retrieved 2014-06-29
3.
^ [1] (http://stats.premierleague.com) 4.
^ The Leeds Mercury (Leeds, England), Monday, 12 November 1888; Issue 15788. 5.
^ Murphy, Brendan (2007). From Sheffield with Love. Sports Book Limited. p. 107. ISBN 978-1-899807-56-7. 6.
^ Daily Telegraph Monday 9 April 2007 p5 (see article on Telegraph online (http://www.telegraph.co.uk
/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/04/09/npen09.xml))
7.
^ The Sunday Times Illustrated History of Football Reed International Books Limited. 1996. p11. ISBN
1-85613-341-9
8.
^ James Adams A Squad (http://www.scottishfa.co.uk/football_player_profile.cfm?page=823&playerID=112854&
squadID=1), Scottish Football Association.
9.
^ londonhearts.com (http://londonhearts.com/scores/games/189012201.html) 10.
^ londonhearts.com (http://londonhearts.com/scores/images/1890/1890122015.htm) 11.
^ Visit Lanarkshire Airdire (http://www.visitlanarkshire.com/places/towns-and-villages/airdrie/) 12.
^ "Happened on this day 14 September" (http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/funny_old_game/2257279.stm). BBC
News. 14 September 2002. Retrieved 2010-05-22.
13.
History of Laws of the Game From 1863 to the Present Day (http://www.fifa.com/classicfootball
/history/law/summary.html)
Penalty Kick Games (http://jocuricufotbalonline.com/penalty/)
2014 Irish Examiner article by Dr R Hume (http://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/features/irishman-
put-football-on-spot-with-penalties-272283.html)
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Penalty_kick&oldid=617025656"
5 of 6 7/15/2014 5:06 PM
This page was last modified on 15 July 2014 at 09:34.
apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia is a registered
6 of 6 7/15/2014 5:06 PM
A player performing a throw-in
during a game.
A throw-in is a method of restarting play in a game of association
football when the ball has exited the side of the field of play.
1 Procedure
1.1 Handspring throw-in
2 Infringements
3 Strategy
4 Historical origins of the throw-in
5 References
6 External links
The throw-in is taken from the point where the ball crossed the
touch-line. The throw-in is taken by the opponents of the player who last touched the ball when it crossed the
touch-line, either on the ground or in the air.
[1]
Opposing players may stand at any distance from the thrower
but no closer than 2 m (2.2 yd), so long as they are still on the pitch. A player may take a throw in at a distance
further back from the touch-line, and, typically, a referee will tolerate small discrepancies between the position
where the ball crossed the touch-line and the position of the throw in.
At the moment of delivering the ball, the thrower must face the field of play. He should have part of each foot
either on the touch line or on the ground outside the touch line,
[2]
and use both hands to deliver the ball from
behind and over their head from the point where the ball left the field of play.
The ball becomes in play as soon as it enters the field of play.
A goal cannot be scored directly from a throw-in.
[3]
An own goal cannot be scored directly from a throw-in if a player throws the ball directly into his goal
without any other player touching it the result is a corner kick to the opposing side.
A player may not be penalised for an offside offence when receiving the ball directly from a throw-in.
[4]
Handspring throw-in
The handspring throw-in is a dramatic type of throw-in, rarely used in competitive games, where the player
completes a front handspring (somersault) while holding the ball. Instead of landing on the hands during the
handspring, the player's weight is momentarily supported entirely by the ball. This type of throw-in follows the
Throw-in - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throw-in
1 of 4 7/15/2014 5:06 PM
A player performing a
handspring throw-in
rules that require the player to have both feet on the ground when he is releasing the
ball, and that the ball is thrown from behind the head. Strong abdominal muscles
are required for this throw-in.
[5]
Steve Watson of Newcastle United was famed for this technique and was able to
throw the ball over 30 m. Brazilian Leah Lynn Gabriela Fortune has also been
reported to be able to throw over 30 yards (27 m) with the technique.
[6]
If an opposing player fails to respect the required distance (2m) before the ball is in
play or otherwise unfairly distracts or impedes the thrower, he may receive a
caution (yellow card) for unsporting behavior.
If the thrower fails to deliver the ball as per the required procedure, or delivers it from a point other than where
the ball left the field of play, the throw-in is awarded to the opposing team. This is commonly known as a "foul
throw",
[7]
though such throws are not considered fouls.
It is an infringement for the thrower to touch the ball a second time until it has been touched by another player;
this is punishable by an indirect free kick to the opposing team from where the offence occurred, unless the
second touch was also a more serious handling offence, in which case it is punishable by a direct free kick or
penalty kick.
A goal cannot be scored directly from a throw in, nor can an own-goal. The restarts for each are a goal kick for
the defending team, and a corner kick for the opposing team, respectively.
A goal keeper cannot handle a ball thrown directly to him by a teammate. This cannot be circumvented by the
keeper using his feet first before handling the ball. If this infringement occurs within the goalkeeper's penalty
area, an indirect free kick is awarded. If the infringement occurs outside the goalkeeper's penalty area, a direct
free kick is awarded.
If, in the event that the goalkeeper takes the throw-in, the goalkeeper cannot touch the ball again until it has
touched another player once it is in play. The proper restart for this infringement is an indirect free kick.
The optimal release angle for attaining maximum distance is about 30 degrees, according to researchers at
Brunel University.
[8]
This angle balances the objectives of maximising height, which allows the ball more time
to travel horizontally, while minimising air resistance, which slows the ball thus reducing its horizontal distance.
Delivering the ball into the penalty area from a long distance with a throw-in can be a great attacking skill,
similar to a corner kick or an indirect free kick. This is a difficult distance to reach with a throw-in, and the
ability to do so is a valuable skill. An early exponent of the skill was Bill Shankly when playing for Carlisle
United and Preston North End in the 1930s. Shankly's dedication was such that he used to practise long throws
during his summer breaks when he returned to his home village. He would throw balls over a row of houses and
get the small boys of the village to fetch them back for him.
[9]
Rory Delap, a midfielder for Burton Albion is known for his long-throw abilities having resulted in many goals
for Stoke. In fact, the danger factor of Delap's long throw-ins for Stoke have resulted in opponents preferring to
2 of 4 7/15/2014 5:06 PM
Stoke City's Rory Delap delivering a long
throw.
put the ball out for a corner rather than for a throw-in.
The modern throw-in comes from the nineteenth century English
public school football games. In these codes of football a variety
of methods of returning the ball into play from touch were used.
The modern throw-in draws upon various aspects of a number
early English school games. For example, returning the ball by
throwing it out was part of the Rugby and Cheltenham football
rules. Like the modern throw-in the direction was not specified.
The Sheffield rules instigated the throw in of the ball at right
angles by the opposite side to the one that played it into
touch.
[10]
The two handed throw incalled line-outis part of
rugby union football. That the first side reaching the ball must throw it out (at right angles, in this case) was part
of the Football Association rules and the Rossall rules.
^ FIFA, http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/affederation/federation/81/42/36/lotg_en.pdf, Laws of the Game, p.46,
J uly 2008, accessed 13 May 2011
1.
^ http://www.thefa.com/football-rules-governance/laws/football-11-11/law-15---the-throw-in.aspx 2.
^ http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/footballdevelopment/technicalsupport/refereeing/laws-of-the-game/law
/newsid=1290875.html
3.
^ http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/lawsofthegame/law/newsid=1290867.html 4.
^ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zgg5QvxJ vp0 5.
^ http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/spt/soccer/stories 6.
^ http://asktheref.com/Soccer%20Rules/Question/14826/ 7.
^ http://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0601149 8.
^ LFCHistory.net Carlisle United (http://www.shankly.com/article/2396) 9.
^ Football: The first hundred years. The untold story. Adrian Harvey. Routledge, Abingdon 2005 page 184 10.
FIFA Laws of the Game Law 15) (http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/footballdevelopment/technicalsupport
/refereeing/laws-of-the-game/law/newsid=1290875.html)
Q&A on Throw Ins(from AskTheRef.com) (http://asktheref.com/Soccer%20Rules/Search
/Law/Throw%20In/-)
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Throw-in&oldid=614027739"
Categories: Laws of association football Sports terminology
This page was last modified on 23 J une 2014 at 00:36.
3 of 4 7/15/2014 5:06 PM
4 of 4 7/15/2014 5:06 PM
Saint-tienne goalkeeper Mline Grard takes a
goal kick.
A goal kick, called a goalie kick in some regions, is a
method of restarting play in a game of association football.
Its procedure is dictated by Law 16 of the Laws of the
Game.
[1]
1 Award
2 Procedure
3 Infringements
4 References
A goal kick is awarded to the defending team when the ball goes out of the field of play by crossing, either on
the ground or in the air, the goal line (but not the portion between the posts and under the crossbar which would
constitute a goal) when the last person to touch the ball was from the attacking team. If the last person to touch
the ball was a member of the defending side, a corner kick is instead awarded to the attackers.
A goal kick is awarded to the defending team when the ball is struck directly into the goal by the attacking team
from an indirect free kick.
The ball is initially placed anywhere within the defending goal area. All opposing players must be outside
the penalty area until the ball is in play. The ball must be kicked (a goalkeeper may not pick up the ball).
The ball becomes in play as soon as it leaves the penalty area if any player makes contact with the ball
before it becomes in play the kick is retaken. If the ball fails to leave the penalty area the kick is retaken.
A goal may be scored directly from a goal kick as a goal kick is a direct free kick, but only against the
opposing team. An own goal cannot be scored from a goal kick; in the highly unlikely circumstance that
the ball happened to land directly into the kicker's own goal a corner kick would be awarded to the
opposing team.
A player may not be penalised for being in an offside position directly from a goal kick.
[2]
Goal kicks are most often taken by goalkeepers, however this is not compulsory under the laws of the
game.
Goal kick - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goal_kick
1 of 2 7/15/2014 5:06 PM
Opposing players must retire the required distance as stated above. Failure to do so promptly so may constitute
misconduct and be punished by a caution (yellow card). If an opposing player enters the penalty area before the
ball is in play, the goal kick may be retaken.
If any player touches the ball after it is kicked, but before it is in play (i.e. before the whole of the ball has left
the penalty area), the goal kick is retaken. It is an infringement for the kicker to touch the ball a second time
once the ball is in play (i.e. when it has left the penalty area), before it has been touched by another player this
is punishable by an indirect free kick to the opposing team from where the offence occurred, unless the second
touch was also a more serious handling offence, which is punished by a direct free kick for the opposing
team.
[3]
^ "FIFA.com The Laws of the Game Law 16: The Goal-Kick" (http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa
/footballdevelopment/technicalsupport/refereeing/laws-of-the-game/law/newsid=1290877.html). FIFA. Retrieved 5
J une 2014.
1.
^ "FIFA.com The Laws of the Game Law 11: Offside" (http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/lawsofthegame
/law/newsid=1290867.html.html). FIFA. Retrieved 9 April 2012.
2.
^ "Law 16 The Goal Kick" (http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/footballdevelopment/technicalsupport/refereeing/laws-
of-the-game/law/newsid=1290877.html). FIFA. Retrieved 4 March 2014.
3.
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Goal_kick&oldid=613660184"
Categories: Laws of association football
This page was last modified on 20 J une 2014 at 08:10.
Goal kick - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goal_kick
2 of 2 7/15/2014 5:06 PM
A picture of the exact moment the
blue-white team's corner kick is taken.
A corner kick is a method of restarting play in a game of
association football. It was first devised in Sheffield under the
Sheffield Rules 1867. It was adopted by the Football Association on
17 February 1872.
A corner kick is awarded to the attacking team when the ball leaves
the field of play by crossing the goal line (either on the ground or in
the air) without a goal having been scored, having been last touched
by a defending player. The kick is taken from the corners of the
field of play nearest to where the ball crossed the goal line. Corners
are considered to be a reasonable goalscoring opportunity for the
attacking side, though not as much as a penalty kick or a direct free
kick near the edge of the penalty area.
The assistant referee will signal that a corner should be awarded by
first raising his flag, then using it to point at the corner arc on their side of the pitch; however, this is not an
indication of which side the kick should be taken from. The referee then awards the corner by pointing to the
relevant arc.
1 Procedure
1.1 Infringements
1.2 Tactics in taking and defending a corner
1.2.1 Short corner
1.3 Scoring a goal direct from a corner
2 Using corner kicks as a tie-breaker
3 Own goal anomalies
4 References
5 External links
When taking a corner kick, the ball is initially placed so that some part of the ball is within the corner arc
closest to where the ball went out of play. The corner arc is located at the intersection of the goalline and
touchline and has a radius of one yard. All defending players must be at least ten yards (9.15 metres) from the
corner arc until the corner kick is taken. A corner kick is taken as soon as the ball is kicked and moves.
The attacking side may score directly from a corner kick, though this is uncommon.
Corner kick - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corner_kick
1 of 5 7/15/2014 5:06 PM
Player takes a corner kick
Corner kick at UEFA Europa League
200910
An attacking player who directly receives the ball from a corner
kick cannot be penalised for offside.
Infringements
Opposing players must retire the required distance as stated above.
Failure to do so may constitute misconduct and be punished by a
caution (yellow card).
It is an offence for the kicker to touch the ball a second time until it
has been touched by another player; this is punishable by an indirect
free kick to the defending team from where the offence occurred
[1]
unless the second touch was also a more serious offence, in which
case other punishment such as a direct free kick is awarded to defending team.
Tactics in taking and defending a corner
A common tactic is for several attackers to stand close in front of
the goal, whereupon the corner taker crosses the ball for them to
head into the goal.
The defending team may choose to form a wall of players in an
attempt to force the ball to be played to an area which is more easily
defended. However, this is not done often because defending
players must remain at least 10 yards from the ball until it is in play.
The defending team also has the choice of whether to instruct a
player to place him or herself beside one or both of the goalposts to
provide protection to the goal in addition to the goalkeeper. The
thinking behind placing a player beside a goalpost is that it means more of the goal area is protected and there is
no loss in the ability to play an offside trap because offside does not apply for the first touch from a corner, and
it compensates for a keeper's positioning and/or reach.
The defending team also has to decide how many players it needs to defend a corner. Teams may withdraw
every player into a defensive area, however this diminishes the potential for a counter-attack if possession is
regained, and as such, allows the attacking side to commit more players to attacking the goal. Withdrawing all
players into a defensive area also means that if the ball is cleared from an initial cross, it is more than likely that
the attacking team will regain possession of the ball and begin a new attack.
In situations where a set-piece, such as a corner, is awarded to a side trailing by a single goal at the closing
stages of a match where conceding further is of minimal consequence (i.e. in a knockout tournament) a team
may commit all their players, including their goalkeeper, to the attack.
Short corner
An alternative strategy for the attacking team is to take a short corner. The ball is kicked to a player located
within ten yards of the kicker, to create a better angle of approach toward the goal.
A rarely seen "trick" version of the short corner was famously attempted during a tense top-of-the-table Premier
League clash between Manchester United and Chelsea in the 200809 season, causing much controversy and
2 of 5 7/15/2014 5:06 PM
The ball, shot by Cesreo Onzari,
scores a goal for Argentina
against Uruguay. This was the
first goal scored direct from a
corner, in 1924.
media discussion. The strategy involved United's Wayne Rooney, standing at the corner flag, pretending to
change his mind about taking the corner and signalling to winger Ryan Giggs to do it instead. While leaving the
arc, however, Rooney sneakily touched the ball, effectively putting it into play. With Chelsea's defence
unprepared and expecting a conventional corner, Giggs took the ball, sprinted with it towards goal and crossed
it for teammate Cristiano Ronaldo to score with a header. On this occasion, the goal was immediately
disallowed after the linesman, not having seen Rooney's taking of the corner, raised his flag, thus prompting the
referee to stop play. The end result did not change much, though, as Manchester United did score again when
the corner was retaken. The strategy is rare, as its great strength is the element of surprise.
Scoring a goal direct from a corner
It is possible to score direct from a corner kick (as a corner kick is a direct
free kick) if sufficient swerve is given to the kick, and/or there is a strong
enough wind blowing in the goalward direction. However, it was illegal
until the International Football Association Board (IFAB) meeting of 15
J une 1924 authorised it for the following season.
[2][3]
This type of goal is
called an Olympic goal or Olympic kick,
[4]
or gol olmpico in Latin
America.
[2]
The name dates from 2 October 1924, when Argentina's
Cesreo Onzari scored against Uruguay, who had just won the 1924
Olympic title.
[2][5]
(The first such goal was thought to have been scored by
Billy Alston in Scotland on 21 August 1924, but further research showed
that match had been played on 23 August 1923, and the goal was actually a
header.
[2]
) The first in England was by Huddersfield Town's Billy Smith on
11 October 1924. The world record holder is Massimo Palanca with 13
goals. It remains a rare occurrence, often accomplished by fluke rather than
intent, and with the goalkeeper usually blamed for an error.
[5]
Megan Rapinoe of the United States women's national soccer team scored an Olympic goal direct from a corner
kick in the semifinal match between the United States and Canada in the 2012 Summer Olympics in London
becoming the first player ever to score an "Olympic Goal" during an Olympic match.
[6]
The only Olympic goal
in the World Cup was scored for Colombia by Marcos Coll, beating goalkeeper Lev Yashin in a 44 draw with
the Soviet Union in 1962.
The number of corner kicks awarded to each team has been suggested
[7]
as an alternative method of
tie-breaking to the current penalty shootout method. The theory behind this suggestion is that the team which
during the course of play has been awarded the most corner kicks is likely to have dominated play, forcing their
opponents to make more high-risk tackles and their goalkeeper to make more saves in which he was not able to
gain possession of the ball but rather merely deflect it across the line outside of the goal or over the crossbar.
The use of corner-kick counts as a tie-breaker has not been approved by the International Football Association
Board, and as such is not used in any high-level competition.
A major critique
[8]
of this suggestion to use corner kicks as a tie-breaker is the influence it could have on the
game. In matches that are tied with time running out, players may be more likely to focus on winning as many
corner kicks as possible and not worry about trying to actually score a goal that would win them the game. This
is because it is much easier to get a corner kick than it is to score a goal. Having corner kicks as tie breakers
3 of 5 7/15/2014 5:06 PM
Sebastian Larsson takes a corner for
Birmingham City.
might lead to situations where the last several minutes of a game are
entirely about trying to get corner kicks with little to no attention paid on
attacking the goal, which should be the main objective.
Some scoreboards for high school and college venues in the United
States have statistics for fouls, shots on goal, and corner kicks earned.
On television such statistics are shown periodically during play for
international and other major televised matches.
According to the laws of the game, if a player puts the ball into their
own goal directly from a restart of play (e.g. direct and indirect free
kicks, drop-balls, and throw-ins) without the ball being touched by any
other player, a corner kick is awarded to the other team and not an "own
goal" which it would appear to be. Such incidents are extremely rare.
A mistake relating to that rule appeared to be committed by referee during a Premier League derby match
between Birmingham City and Aston Villa during the 2002/03 season. Aston Villa defender Olof Mellberg
threw the ball towards his goalkeeper (Peter Enckelman), who seemed to miss the ball completely and the ball
went into the net. The referee gave a goal to Birmingham even though it appeared that Enckelman may not have
touched the ball television replays were inconclusive. If the referee had determined that Enckelman had not
touched the ball, he would have awarded a corner kick to Birmingham.
[9]
^ ,[1] (http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/footballdevelopment/technicalsupport/refereeing/laws-of-the-game/law
/newsid=1290878.html), FIFA, 2014. retrieved on 27 March 2014.
1.
^
a

b

c

d
Barnade, Oscar (October 2004). "El gol olmpico cumple 80" (http://www.clarin.com/deportes/fundador-
gol-olimpico_0_1066093752.html). Clarn (in Spanish). Retrieved 2009-11-17.
2.
^ "Minutes of the AGM of the IFAB" (http://ssbra.org/html/laws/IFABarc/pdf/1924/1924min.pdf). London: SSBRA.
15 J une 1924. p. 3. Retrieved 29 November 2009.
3.
^ "Soccer 101: All the Footy Facts! [Infographic]" (http://www.soccerplusnet.blogspot.com/2013/05/soccer-101-all-
footy-facts-infographic.html). Soccer+. Retrieved 10 October 2013.
4.
^
a

b
Freddi, Cris (March 2003). "Gol olimpico" (http://www.wsc.co.uk/content/view/2569/29/). When Saturday
Comes. Retrieved 2009-11-17.
5.
^ http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2012/olympics/2012/writers/grant_wahl/08/06/olympics-usa-canada/index.html 6.
^ Malin,Seamus.[2] (http://www.soccerisakickinthegrass.com/Blogs/AndrewsAngle
/AndrewsAnglePenaltyKickTiebreakers/tabid/61/Default.aspx), ABC Business Solutions, 2013, retrieved on 25
March 2014.
7.
^ McMahon, bobby.[3] (http://www.forbes.com/sites/bobbymcmahon/2012/05/27/if-not-penalty-kicks-sepp-then-
what/), Forbes,2012. Retrieved on 27 March.
8.
^ Freak goal stuns Taylor (http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/eng_prem/2262629.stm), BBC Sport, 17
September 2002
9.
4 of 5 7/15/2014 5:06 PM
Q&A on Corner Kicks (from AskTheRef.com) (http://asktheref.com/Soccer%20Rules/Search
/Law/Corner%20Kick/-)
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Corner_kick&oldid=616483173"
Association football tactics and skills
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