U2 04 06 PDF

Code_Aster
Version
default
Titre : Comment creuser un tunnel : mthodologie dexcavat[...] Date : 29/0/20!! "age : !/#$
%es&onsa'le : ()lvie *%+,-T Cl : .2.0/.0# %vision : 09$#
How dig a tunnel: methodology of Rsum
excavation:
This note proposes a methodology to simulate the digging of an underground gallery with Code1+ster. The
basic way is a method usually used in this kind of studies: method convergence - containment.
After a recall on the principle of the method, the main stages of the command file Code1+ster are described.
arious numerical e!amples make it possible to validate the procedure.
2arning : The translation &rocess used on this 3e'site is a 45achine Translation4. 6t ma) 'e im&recise and inaccurate in 3hole or in &art
and is &rovided as a convenience.
7icensed under the terms o8 the *,. 9D7 :htt&://333.gnu.org/co&)le8t/8dl.html;
Code_Aster
Version
default
Titre : Comment creuser un tunnel : mthodologie dexcavat[...] Date : 29/0/20!! "age : 2/#$
Table des matires
" #omment simulate the digging of a tunnel with #ode$Aster% ............................................................ &
"." 'rinciple of the method, implemented and validation ................................................................... &
( )ntroduction ......................................................................................................................................... *
& +ne method to simulate the digging of a gallery starting from a model (,: the method convergence-
containment ................................................................................................................................. -.&."
general 'rinciple .......................................................................................................................... -.&.(
Application of the method for a numerical computation by finite elements ......................................... .
* Avant de attacking card-inde!ing of #ode$Aster command/ ...................................................... 0.*."
1ow to define the models starting from a simple mesh% .............................................................. 2.*.(
1ow to initiali3e the stresses% .................................................................................................... "".*.&
1ow compute nodal reactions at the edge of the future gallery% ............................................. "(.*.*
1ow to simulate the creation of a vacuum in the solid mass and the pose of the concrete% ..............
"&.*.*." 4ethod A ..........................................................................................................................
"*.*.*.( 45thode 6 ............................................................................................................. "*.*.-
75sum5 of the methods suggested ................................................................................................. "*
- 8!emples of command files ........................................................................................................ "-.-."
the problem treated .................................................................................................................... "-.-.(
#as n9 ": e!cavation without supporting with initiali3ation of the stresses by a computation and
softening of the e!cavated elements ............................................................................... "..-.&
#as n9(: e!cavation with supporting with initiali3ation of the stresses by call with #78A$#1A4' and
d5confinement according to method A ................................................................................. "..-.*
#as n9&: e!cavation with supporting with initiali3ation of the stresses by call with #78A$#1A4' and
d5confinement according to method 6 ....................................................................................... ".
: alidation of #ode$Aster on an e!ample of e!cavation in linear springy medium ............................ "0
. 8n guise de conclusion: advices and prospects ............................................................................... "2
0 6ibliographie ..................................................................................................................................... (;
Anne!e " analytical <ormulas to apply the method convergence-containment to the case of a rock and
a supporting elastics and linear solid mass ................................................................................. ("
Anne!e ( =rganigramme of synthesis to the methods allowing to simulate an e!cavation in
#ode$Aster .................................................................................................................................. (&
Anne!e & 4esh file produced with >)6) ............................................................................................... (*
Anne!e * 8!cavation without supporting, on the basis of one only model ?case n9"@. #ommand file
#ode$Aster .................................................................................................................................. (.
Anne!e - 8!cavation with supporting, method A ?case n9(@. #ommand file #ode$Aster .................... &0
Anne!e : 8!cavation with supporting, method 6 ?case n9&@. #ommand file #ode$Aster .................... *2
Anne!e . #omparaison of the stresses obtained by numerical computation and the analytical solution
:(
Code_Aster
Version
default
Titre : Comment creuser un tunnel : mthodologie dexcavat[...] Date : 29/0/20!! "age : /#$
Code_Aster
Version
default
Titre : Comment creuser un tunnel : mthodologie dexcavat[...] Date : 29/0/20!! "age : //#$
1 Comment simulate the digging of a tunnel?
11 !rinci"le of the method# bets in wor$ and validation
Contexte
Aes studies of g5omechanics is generally based on a simulation of underground roadway drivage.
8!amples of application can be Buoted:
"@ evaluate the area damaged by e!cavation ?8,C@ around a gallery of storageD
(@ study the resaturation of an cell of storage by water of the site.
A certain number of studies were already undertaken by department A4A on this subEect, with
Code1+ster. 1owever, few practical elements are available in documentations to reproduce this kind of
computation. ,epartment 44# undertook such a modeli3ation with Code1+ster, in order to adapt the
procedure of application of the method classically used for this kind of computation: method
convergence - containment. )t comes out from this e!periment which this application is not
completely commonplace that it is necessary to raise some practical technology matters of
implementation. To capitali3e this e!periment for the future users seemed rather important, in the
collective interest of the studies on storage in particular.
%b&ectif
#ette notes aims main aim to provide some preliminary technical advices to the users of Code1+ster
wishing to modeli3e an underground e!cavation.
'thodologie
#ette notes presents an application to a command file of Code1+ster of the method convergence -
containment. After a short recall on the principle of the method, a practical and operational description
of the commands to be used is given. The method is illustrated by computations of validation of
Code1+ster, whose command files are provided in appendi!.
(r)ce *
result the application of the protocol suggested, two computations of validation of Code1+ster was
implemented. The relative difference between numerical results and analytical solution is lower than
(F.
!ros"ects
the method can be e!tended to the computations nonlinear ?plasticity, damage@ and coupled in T14, in
particular in the frame of studies intended for the storage of nuclear waste.
Code_Aster
Version
default
+ ,e"uis
introduction several years, of the studies are carried out with Code1+ster in order to modeli3e the
behavior of works geotechnics ?earth dams, tunnels, barriers worked for the storage of waste/@.
Code1+ster was already used in particular to simulate the shaft or roadway drivage, frame of Gtockage
the geological &ro<ect o8 nuclear 3aste =+>7 ?T*-;"-";@ or of former study on maEor storage. The
reports written until now ?for e!ample H:I, H.I or H*I@ are focused naturally on the results, in order to
answer the precise technology matter which Eustified the study. 1owever to simulate an e!cavation
using a code finite elements is not inevitably an easy thing, and even if the general principles are
recalled in the documents referred to above, one finds finally few elements on structure of the
command files which were used as support with computations.
)n order to help the engineers in charge of the future studies of underground e!cavation with
Code1+ster, this note indicates some practical advices to begin in the reali3ation from this kind of
computation. )ndeed, in the frame of the Gtockage proEect, 44# decided to adapt the step completely
bets in work by A4A in (;;; and in (;;". <or that purpose, all the step was reproduced with version :
of Code1+ster, on the basis of mesh new and by e!ploring some alternatives. 44# also profited from
the assistance of the agents of A4A. )n addition, this work led to a validation of Code1+ster according
to conventional analytical formulas in linear elasticity ?formulas of Jirsch and method convergence-
containment, H-I@.
This report thus presents:
"@ conventional method of simulation of an underground e!cavation in (, by means
of a code finite elementsD
(@ different the option available to apply this method with Code1+ster D
&@ two benchmarks of validation of Code1+ster for the problems of underground
e!cavations.
Thenecessary one with an advantageous reading of this note is the basic training with the use of
Code1+ster like a minimum of familiari3ation with the software package. The detail of the various
commands used is given by the userKs documentation of Code1+ster ?http:LLwww.code-aster.org@.
Code_Aster
Version
default
Titre : Comment creuser un tunnel : mthodologie dexcavat[...] Date : 29/0/20!! "age : #/#$
- . method to simulate the digging of a gallery starting from
a model +,: the method convergence/containment
-1 general !rinci"e
#ette left is inspired largely by H-I. Aet us announce that the #)1 and T8>> also undertook a certain
number of studies with this method ?for e!ample, H(I@. )t is advised with the player to refer to these
documents for more information on the principle of the method. The paragraphs which follow
summari3e only the essence of the step.
The method convergence-containment is usually used in engineering of the underground works. )ts
obEective is to obtain an order of magnitude of displacements of the walls of the tunnel as well as the
forces taken again by the rock and supporting. This method makes it possible to simplify the
computation of a three-dimensional work by a two-dimensional computation, by the introduction of a
parameter adimensionnelappel5 \ rate of d5confinementK. )t rests on the following assumptions:
"@ plane strains with assumption of small disturbancesD
(@ the tunnel is supposed of circular section and hori3ontal a!isD
&@ homogeneous ground of infinite e!tensionD
*@ solid mass following a linear or elastoplastic elastic behaviorD
-@ initial state of the stresses presumedly isotropic and homogeneousD
:@ deep tunnel: no significant variation of stresses on the height of the gallery. )n
practice, if 1 is the average depth of the work and 7 its radius, this assumption is
supposed to be satisfied if 1L7M";D
.@ Buasi-static eBuilibrium ?not of terms of acceleration@.
=ne is interested in a section located in a plane perpendicular to the a!is of the tunnel and one wishes
to carry out a two-dimensional computation. The parameter \ is supposed to take into account the
mechanical influence of the pro!imity of the coal face to this section, i.e. of a phenomenon whose
origin is out of plane considered by computation. \ depends on several parameters ?rock,
supporting, length of nonconstant tunnel behind the coal face/@ and its determination is not inevitably
immediate ?many publications on the subEect, for e!ample H"I@. This problem of analytical determination
of the rate of d5confinement leaves the frame of this document.
)n fact, one introduces \ to consider a fictitious tensor of the stresses c N in the ground, which is a
fraction of the initial stress
c
0
:
c=( 1\) .c
0
with 0\1
Code_Aster
Version
default
Titre : Comment creuser un tunnel : mthodologie dexcavat[...] Date : 29/0/20!! "age : ?/#$
H<igure &."-aI below the evolution of and \ the radial stress for c
R
a nonconstant tunnel
illustrates.

=1
R
=0
0>>1
R
=(1-).
0

=0
R
=
0

.""ear -1/a: 0volution of the rate of dconfinement \ and the radial stress c
R
in the case of a tunnel nonconstant
7emarBuons which \=1 corresponds to d5confinement total of the rock: the influence of the coal
face on the behavior of the section of tunnel disappeared and the tunnel is comparable to a very thick
tube.
Gince a part, even the totality of the stresses initially present within the solid mass disappear ?it is
precisely the phenomenon of d5confinement@, the walls of the e!cavation will tend to approach to reach
a new mechanical eBuilibrium. )t is the phenomenon of convergence. This phenomenon can lead to
the failure of the work if the structure does not manage to find a state of stable eBuilibrium following the
e!cavation.
)f, for safety reasons or on stability, one decides to pose a supporting or a coating with the wall of the
tunnel, those go, from their mechanical stiffness, to be opposed to the natural phenomenon
convergence. )n this case, the final eBuilibrium thus depends on the mechanical interaction between
the rock and the coating. >enerally, this eBuilibrium does not make it possible the stresses in the rock
solid mass to be cancelled like in the case of the nonconstant tunnel. )t is said whereas the ground is
confined, from where the name of the method convergence-containment.
Code_Aster
Version
default
Titre : Comment creuser un tunnel : mthodologie dexcavat[...] Date : 29/0/20!! "age : $/#$
>raphically, the application of this method amounts seeking the point of intersection of the curve of
convergence, deducted of the behavior of the ground, and the curve of containment, deducted of the
behavior of supporting H<igure &."-bI.

.""ear -1/b: 0xam"le of curves of convergence and containment
Aes eBuations of the method convergence-containment in the case of a linear elastic solid mass are
provided in HOAnne!e "I.
That it is for analytical or numerical computations, this method allows, using a simple model (,, to deal
with the problem &, which the simulation of an e!cavation constitutes.
-+ .""lication of the method for a numerical com"utation by finite
elements
+ne characteristic of computations of e!cavation by finite elements is the need for implementing
several models ?in the broad sense@.
)ndeed, a conventional course of the modeli3ation can be summari3ed by the following stages:
"@ stage ": initiali3ation of in situ stresses D
(@ stage (: computation of the nodal reactions on the level of the walls of the
e!cavationD
&@ stage &: d5confinement solid mass to simulate the progressive e!cavation and
the distance of the coal faceD
*@ stage *: possible pose of a supporting L coating and end of d5confinement.
)f the study reBuires it, the seBuence of stages (.& and * can be repeated ?case of an e!cavation in
divided sections, for e!ample@.
Code_Aster
Version
default
)n most case, the seBuence of computations is thus done on the basis of four configuration H<igure &.(-
aI.

3 4
Excavation de la
galerie
Pose du
revtement bton
1
assi! de sol
"nitialisation des
contraintes
#
assi! de sol
$alcul des ractions
nodales

.""ear -+/a : Ty"ical exam"le of se1uence of a com"utation of excavation with a com"uter code
the first configuration is used for:
"@ initiali3e the stresses of origin geostaticsD
(@ initiali3e the hydrostatic pressure due to the possible presence of water and the
temperature ?the present note does not discuss this particular point in detail@D
The second configuration allows of compute the reactions the nodes representing edge of the
e!cavation.
A these stages of the modeli3ation, all the elements of the mesh thus correspond to a material of type
ground or rock. =ne thus obtains a solid mass of ground in which reign a stress state corresponds to in
situ stress state in the plane perpendicular to the a!is of the gallery. =ne also knows the nodal
reactions at the edge of the e!cavation, which will allow d5confinement partial or total of the solid mass
in the stages which follow.
The third configuration is dedicated to d5confinement: one decreases the nodal reactions at the edge
of the e!cavation in order to simulate the digging of the tunnel. At the time of the reali3ation of this
stage, the finite elements in the region corresponding inside the gallery should not take part any more
in the rigidity of the model. As it further will be seen, this can be taken into account in several ways in
practice.
=ne possibly passes to a fourth stage if one wants to simulate the pose of a supporting concrete in the
course of d5confinement for e!ample. )n this case, one adds elements with characteristics of concrete
and one continues the reduction in the nodal reactions computed in the stage n9" to complete
computation.
=ne thus notices that certain parts of the initial model will be seen affecting properties of ground
successively, of concrete vacuum then. )n this seBuence the source of some intrinsic difficulties is at
this kind of computation.
The application of this step by means of Code1+ster is covered in the following chapters. )t is based on
a simple case.

2 3efore attac$ing card/indexing of Code4.ster command5
This chapter relates to some particular points of modeli3ation which it seems important to comment
before being interested in the command files themselves. )t is made up of a succession of paragraphs
Code_Aster
Version
default
Titre : Comment creuser un tunnel : mthodologie dexcavat[...] Date : 29/0/20!! "age : !0/#$
treating each one a Buestion which an engineer can put when he carries out a conventional
computation of e!cavation using a standard code finite elements like Code1+ster.
Code_Aster
Version
default
Titre : Comment creuser un tunnel : mthodologie dexcavat[...] Date : 29/0/20!! "age : !!/#$
21 How to define the models starting from a sim"le mesh?
The mesh chosen in this study represents a Buarter of model representing a cylindrical gallery in
infinite medium. The radius of the gallery is of ".-; meter, the thickness of concrete is ;.&; meter and
the mesh is a sBuare of (; side meters. According to the usual rules of modeli3ation, the relationship
between the radius e!cavated 7 and dimension characteristic of mesh A is sufficient to consider that
the boundary conditions do not disturb the behavior of the e!cavation ? L10R @.

6igure 21/a : 'esh used and materials
Gol or empty
Gol,
vacuum or
concrete
>roun
d
Code_Aster
Version
default
<rom the point of view of the models ?with the #ode$Aster meaning@, it is necessary to distinguish
some particular areas from the mesh ?besides the other more conventional areas, like edges of the
mesh@ and to create the following obEects ?the names refer to the command files presented in Anne!e@:
"@ the e!cavated edge where will be applied the nodal reactions to simulate
d5confinement ?called 8,>8@D
(@ the two points which are located at the ends of this curve, which are concerned
at the same time by the loading of d5confinement and the boundary conditions at
the edge of the solid mass.

.""ear 21/b: !oints and of "articular items to be identified together in the Code4.ster models
=ne can thus define ?for e!ample, because several configurations are possible@:
"@ a model G=A, in which all the mesh is affected finite elementsD
(@ a model SOL_REST which does not understand the meshes which correspond to
the e!cavated part ?they are not affected finite elements@D
&@ a model SOL_REST0 which understands the affected G=A$78GT and
meshes corresponding to the concrete pavement of finite elements.
7ote:
The use of such a geometry to make a real computation of e!cavation is partially critici3able, because symmetry
suggested risk to generate a nonphysical loading. )n the event of application of the inertia loading for e!ample,
the aforementioned would be directed upwards in the lower part of the tunnelP

Pesanteur
Pesanteur induite %ar les
conditions aux limites
Partie maille
Partie non maille mais
simule %ar s&mtrie
'unnel

.""ear 21/c: 0xam"le of aberration which the use of a 1uarter of modledans can generate
the simulation of a !our
Code_Aster
Version
default
tunnel a realistic study where one would wish to initiali3e the stresses using a loading in inertia loading,
it would be thus necessary to net the ground until the rigid substratum ?rock considered
indeformable@, or all at least until a sufficient depth to free itself from the problem mentioned above.
=ne thus nets half-models in this case there.
1owever, in the frame of our study, this stress of mesh did not obstruct us, since we took into account
neither the inertia loading, nor couplings T14. The simulated loading is completely compatible with the
analytical solutions tested.
2+ How to initiali8e the stresses?
The in situ stresses are generally represented by a tensor of order ( whose principal directions
correspond to the vertical and the hori3ontal one. The vertical stress is generally eBual to the weight of
the various trainings located above point considered and the hori3ontal stress is proportional to the
vertical stress:
c
v
=. z
c
h
=K
0
. c
v

with the voluminal weight of the overlying ground ?in kQLm& for e!ample@ etun K
0
coefficient
without dimension. K
0
can be given by measurements R in situ R or estimated by more or less
empirical relations. )n the case of a semi-infinite solid mass subEected to an offsite stress on its higher
edge or to its inertia loading, the theory of linear elasticity provides a value of K
0
according to the
'oissonKs ratio + :
K
0
=
+
1+

Two methods were tested with Code1+ster to initiali3e the stresses in the country rock:
"@ reali3ation of a computation ?command STAT_NON_LINE@ with a fictitious
material eBuipped with a 'oissonKs ratio allowing to obtain the desired K
0
report. This computation is carried out on the model which takes again all the
mesh of the study ?for e!ample, model called G=A in the preceding chapter@. )n
this case, K
0
1 ?case of linear elasticity@. There e!ist many cases where
K
0
1 ?if the ground is subEected to tectonic stresses, for e!ample@. )n this
case, the following method becomes compulsoryD
(@ directly assign the stresses to all the elements of the mesh by command
CREA_CHAMP (option: OPERATION = AE!" D
The first solution reBuires to define a fictitious material and to implement a computation moreover.
1owever, if the loading is the inertia loading ?what is not the case of the benchmark that we propose@,
this method appeared at the same time intuitive to us and simple. )n the case of a uniform stress field,
the use of CREA_CHAMP is unBuestionably the most interesting method: it saves #'+ time and its call
is even simpler. <or more comple! distributions of stresses, CREA_CHAMP also functions but we did not
use it ?the paragraph HO &.-.&."I of documentation H+*..(.;*I inde! 6" gives an e!ample adaptable to
our problem@.
Code_Aster
Version
default
Titre : Comment creuser un tunnel : mthodologie dexcavat[...] Date : 29/0/20!! "age : !//#$
2- How com"ute nodal reactions at the edge of 9the future: gallery?
<or compute the nodal reactions at the edge of the gallery, it is necessary to lock this part of the mesh.
This operation should not generate nonphysical stresses by incompatibility with the loading applied at
the time of the phase of initiali3ation. stresses. A possibility offered consists in imposing the same
loading as at the time of the initiali3ation of the stresses by locking the nodes of edge of the gallery
onl) during this stage o8 com&utation. This operation is without effect on the total result, which remains
identical to that of the preceding stage, but the temporary blocking of the nodes of edge of the gallery
makes it possible to evaluate the nodal reactions there.

me c(argement
)u*+ l*ta%e
%rcdente
,-uds blo)us
u = 0

.""ear 2-/a: 3loc$ing of the nodes of edge of the gallery for there calculerles
nodal reactions
#oncrStement, this blocking relative of edge of the gallery is possible thanks to option ,),) ?for
,)richlet ,)ff5rentiel@ of key word E#CIT of operator STAT_NON_LINE ?,oc. Aster H+*.-".;&I <* inde!,
paragraph HO&.(.(I@. The blocking of these nodes applies only to the displacement increment
considered and not to total displacement ?one imposes Au=0 and not u=0 @.
The initial state of this computation ?key word ETAT_INIT of operator STAT_NON_LINE@ is defined by
the stress field obtained at the conclusion of the preceding stage.
=nce this intermediate computation carried out, the computation of the nodal reactions is carried out
simply by the call to a command CALC_NO fitted with the option OPTION = REAC_NO$A!. )t is
advisable then to provide to command CALC_NO all the loadings having produced the result from which
the nodal reactions are computed, without omitting the loading voluminal if they e!ist ?not taken into
account in the e!amples treated here@.
=ne then builds a vector of loading by the recovery of the nodal reactions ?CREA_CHAMP with the key
words T%PE_CHAM = NOE&_$EPL_R! , NOM_CHAM = REAC_NO$A! and OPERATION = E#TR!@.
)t should be noted that according to the paragraph HO&."."I of the userKs documentation of Code1+ster
H+*..(.;*I inde! 6", the option T%PE_CHAM = NOE&_$EPL_R! command CREA_CHAMP is in fact
without effect here ?but nevertheless compulsory from the syntactic point of view@, since an e!traction
is carried out. This vector is then defined by command AE_CHAR_MECA with key word 'ECT_ASSE
as a loading for the call following to command STAT_NON_LINE ?corresponding to the progressive
e!cavation of the gallery@. This loading is associated with a function ?operator $EI_ONCTION@
describing the evolution of the rate of d5confinement as the progression of the digging.
Also let us notice that all the nodal reactions are e!tracted: those which act on edge of the gallery as
those which act on other edges of the model. Gince these last act on points locked 3ith all the stages
o8 the com&utation o8 excavation, their inEection as a loading in the fo((o)in* GTAT$Q=Q$A)Q8 is
without effect on the stresses and the strains within structure.
Code_Aster
Version
default
22 How to simulate the creation of a 9vacuum: in the solid mass and
the "ose of the concrete?
=nce carried out the computation of the nodal reactions the Buestion of the elimination of the
e!cavated part of the digital model arises so that its rigidity does not block the convergence of the
tunnel. <or that purpose, we adopted two methods H<igure *.*-aI:
"@ method a: Buasi-cancellation of the mechanical properties of the elements
located in the e!cavated area ?e!ample: 8 T ;.;;;" A'@, then introduction of
more realistic properties during the pose of supporting or the coating. This
method makes it possible to simplify the command file Code1+ster and gives
correct results for the simple case that we studied ?small circular gallery,
e!cavated in only one section in an elastic solid mass@. To undertake more
elaborate studies where the digital processing could be affected by the presence
of element with very low rigidity, it seems nevertheless preferable to us to lean
on the following methodD
(@ method b: initiali3ation of the stresses directly by creation of fields at the >auss
points resulting from a computation concerning a preceding stage.

1

#

3

t(ode .

t(ode /

'errain

0

1ide

2

/ton

.""ear 22/a: ;arious "rinci"les of modeli8ation to simulate dconfinement solid mass
=f other methods that we did not test can undoubtedly be applied to the studied problem ?as the
creation of double nodes at the borders between materials who allow to bind or not two structures@.
Code_Aster
Version
default
Titre : Comment creuser un tunnel : mthodologie dexcavat[...] Date : 29/0/20!! "age : !#/#$
221 'thode < la
method A does not call for a particular observation: it is enough to assign very weak mechanical
characteristics to the meshes becoming empty during computation of d5confinement.
=ne proceeds in two times:
"@ a first command STAT_NON_LINE, which makes it possible to reinEect the
loading made up of the vector of the nodal reactions and the boundary
conditions. The empty meshes thus correspond to a very soft materialD
(@ a second call to STAT_NON_LINE which introduces supporting or the concrete
pavement while assigning to the corresponding meshes of the realistic
characteristics for such a material.
A each call, the initiali3ation of computation takes again the entirety of the fields resulting from
preceding computations ?operand E'OL_NOLI for key word ETAT_INIT@.
22+ 'ethod 3
#ette procedure is based on the seBuence of several models ?with the #ode$Aster meaning@.
#omputation is carried out by copying certain fields from one model to another.
The fields to be assigned to the model corresponding at the 6-& stage of H<igure *.*-aI are formally the
linear combination of two fields:
"@ the fields resulting from the preceding stage of computation ?6-(@ and which do
not concern that the model corresponding to the solid mass of private ground of
the e!cavated areaD
(@ fields assigned to the elements of the group of mesh which represent the
concrete segments, in the model which understands the solid mass and the
gallery lining. )n our case, these fields must be initiali3ed to ; in 6-&. <or that,
one can for e!ample assign a null weight to their contribution in the linear
combination. Thus these fields can in fact being obtained by an intermediate
computation without real physical meaning, for e!ample the simple application of
the boundary conditions.
=ne uses command CREA_CHAMP with option ASSE to assign to the >auss points of the model third
the linear combination of fields resulting from preceding computations.
2= >ummary of the methods suggested
'our to initiali3e the stresses, one can call upon two methods:
"@ 4ethod ): make a computation ?call to STAT_NON_LINE@ on fictitious materialD
(@ 4ethod )): create the stress field desired by CREA_CHAMP.
To simulate the digging and the pose of the segments, there are the choice between:
"@ 4ethod a: which consists in mechanically affecting fle!ible characteristics very
in the e!cavated areaD
(@ 4ethod b: which makes the use of several models which are connected and
which is closer to the physical reality of modeli3ed structure, the materials
appearing and disappearing by activation from one model to another.
A synthetic flow chart is proposed in HOAnne!e(I.
Code_Aster
Version
default
Titre : Comment creuser un tunnel : mthodologie dexcavat[...] Date : 29/0/20!! "age : !?/#$
= 0xam"les of command files
#ette left present the e!amples of file structures of #ode$Aster commands concerning a circular
e!cavation in infinite and elastic medium linear, in the frame of a purely mechanical study ?not of
coupling T14@.
Three calculation cases are presented in this part:
"@ an e!cavation without supporting with initiali3ation by a bearing computation on a
fictitious material to obtain the desired stress field ?method )@D
(@ an e!cavation with supporting, initiali3ation of the stresses by a call to
CREA_CHAMP and follow-up of method A for d5confinement and poses it
segments ?methods )) U A@D
&@ an e!cavation with supporting, initiali3ation of the stresses by a call to
CREA_CHAMP and follow-up of method 6 for d5confinement and poses it
segments ?methods )) U 6@.
<or cases ( and &, the scenario of digging is the following: e!cavation, d5confinement to -;F ?
\=0.3 @, poses segments of &; cm thickness and end of d5confinement. These two cases are the
subEect of benchmark of validation of Code1+ster ?bets in work planned for the beginning of (;;&@.
=1 The "roblem treated
the geometry of the mesh is listed in the paragraph HO*."I. )t contains 0*.. nodes and &&;* elements.
The radius of the gallery is of ".-; meter, the thickness of concrete is ;.&; meter and the mesh is a
sBuare of (; meters with dimensions. The other data are summari3ed in the following table.
'aterial !arameter ;alue
K
0

"
Roc$
c
v
=c
h

- 4'a
8 * >'a
+ ;.&
Concrete 8 (; >'a
+ ;.(
Table =1/1: (iven cases tests suggested
Aes boundary conditions and the loading are illustrated by the following figure:
Code_Aster
Version
default
Titre : Comment creuser un tunnel : mthodologie dexcavat[...] Date : 29/0/20!! "age : !$/#$

4x = 0
4& = 0
4x = 0
5con!inement
Pression des terrains sus 6acents (3 Pa7

.""ear =1/a: ?m"osed boundary conditions and loading
Code_Aster
Version
default
V la fin de the process of d5confinement
\=
#. G
c
0
. R
. U
R
=08 9:
.
An e!ample of mesh file in language gibiane ?mail.dgib@ is presented in HOAnne!e &I.
=+ Case n@ 1: excavation without su""orting with initiali8ation of the
stresses by a com"utation and 9softening: of the 9excavated:
elements
#et e!ample is relatively simple: it is a Buestion of simulating an e!cavation without pose of supporting,
with d5confinement total at the edge of the gallery. =ne thus does not use that only one model for all
computation.
The initial state is generated by a computation ?STAT_NON_LINE@ which relates to the group of the
mesh. The properties of the elements are affected according to the stress state which one wants to
reach ?here
K
0 T " thus
T ;.*222, the value of ;.- meaning the incompressibility of the rock not
being able to be used@.
<ollowing computation relates to the nodal reactions at the edge of the future gallery. )t is initiali3ed
starting from the stresses resulting from the first call to STAT_NON_LINE.
The last call to STAT_NON_LINE is used to reinEect the nodal reactions in a model where the
mechanical properties of the e!cavated elements were very strongly weakened ?8 tends towards ;.@.
=ne d5confine then completely the ground while making tighten these reactions towards ;.
The corresponding command file is presented in HOAnne!e *I.
=- Case n@+: excavation with su""orting with initiali8ation of the
stresses by call with CREA_CHAMP and dconfinement according to
method .
=ne follows the scenario of e!cavation described above. =ne uses that only one model for all
computation. An additional co++and GTAT$Q=Q$A)Q8 makes it possible to introduce the segments
with a realistic rigidity after d5confinement of -;F.
The corresponding command file is presented in HOAnne!e -I.
=2 Case n@-: excavation with su""orting with initiali8ation of the
stresses by call with CREA_CHAMP and dconfinement according to
method 3
=ne always follows the scenario of e!cavation describes higher. This time, three models are used and
an intermediate computation ?without physical reality, bogus called party@ is necessary to transfer the
fields from variables of a model to the other at the time of the installation of the segments after
d5confinement of -;F.
The corresponding command file is presented in HOAnne!e :I.
Code_Aster
Version
default
A ;alidation of Code_Aster on an exam"le of excavation in
linear s"ringy medium
the validation of Code1+ster rests on the comparison of the numerical results resulting from the cases
n9", ( and & listed above with the analytical solution of HOAnne!e "I. <or each computation, one has the
results obtained to the level of the keystone and the oven wall of the gallery, in term of radial stress
R
WN forced orthoradiale
and radial displacement

U
R
?HTableau :-"I, HTableau :-(I and Tableau
:-&I@. HOAnne!e .I presents two graphs describing the spatial evolution of the stresses along the
vertical a!is of the model, with the right of the e!cavation. The good agreement between analytical
solution and numerical results makes that the difference between these curves is hardly viewable.

R

4 R

R (&7
.
/

.""ear A/a: Buantities com"ared for the validation of Code_Aster
'oint X point 6
ariable AnalytiBue Aster 8cart
relative
AnalytiBue Aster 8cart relative
R
?A'@
;. -0,*"" 8& =ne checks
that
c
R
c
0
;. -",:(- 8* =ne checks

that
c
R
c
0
?A'@
- ". 8. -2,00& 8: ",(F - ". 8. -",;"" 8. ","F
+ 7 ?m@ - ;.;;(*&.- - ;.;;(*..( ",.F - ;.;;(*&.- - ;.;;(&20( ",:F
Tableau A/1: Case n@1# analytical com"arison solution C Code4.ster results for
the stresses radial and orthoradiale and radial dis"lacement in . and 3
'oint X point 6
relative
R
?A'@
- ".-(0("
8:
-".-(2.* 8: ;."F - ".-(0("
8:
-".-(:-( 8: ;,"F
c
0
?A'@
- 0.*.".2
8:
-0.*;20. 8: ;,.F - 0.*.".2
8:
-0.-(-0: 8: ;,:F
+ 7 ?m@ - ;.;;":2(- - ;.;;".("0 ",.F - ;.;;":2(- - ;.;;":::* ",-F
Tableau :-(: #ase n9(, analytical comparison solution L #ode$Aster results for
the stresses radial and orthoradiale and radial displacement in A and 6
Code_Aster
Version
default
Titre : Comment creuser un tunnel : mthodologie dexcavat[...] Date : 29/0/20!! "age : 2!/#$
'oint X point 6
relative
c
R
Y A'@
- ".-(0("
8:
- ".-(2*&
8:
;,"F - ".-(0("
8:
- ".-&"."
8:
;,(F
c
0
?A'@
- 0.*.".2
8:
-0.*;0(( 8: ;,0F - 0.*.".2
8:
- 0.-(*"0
8:
;,:F
+ 7 ?m@ - ;.;;":2(- - ;.;;".("" ",.F - ;.;;":2(- - ;.;;"::-0 ",:F
Tableau :-&: #ase n9&, analytical comparison solution L #ode$Aster results for
the stresses radial and orthoradiale and radial displacement in A and 6
the ma!imum difference between analytical and numerical results is lower than (F, e!cept for the
radial stress at the edge of the gallery e!cavated in the case n9", where the theoretical value is ;. The
validity of computation is checked by considering that the radial stress is Buite negligible in front of the
stress orthoradiale.
=f course, all these variations can be reduced if the mesh is still refined.
D .s a conclusion: advices and "ers"ective
#ette note proposes a methodology which makes it possible to carry out computations of e!cavation
using Code1+ster. Geveral scenarios of e!cavation reviewed and several methods are proposed.
The method and the software package are validated in the case of a circular gallery, dug in an infinite
solid mass consisted a linear elastic material. Code1+ster reproduces in a completely satisfactory way
the behavior of such an underground structure, with or without taking into account of supporting andLor
the coating.
+serKs point of view, it seems more practical and faster to rather initiali3e the stresses by a call to
command CREA_CHAMP than by a computation on fictitious material.
)f one seeks to modeli3e a purely mechanical behavior and if the phasage of the e!cavation is relatively
simple, to work with only one model appears to be the easiest method. )t is enough to assign very
weak material properties to the meshes becoming empty. )n more complicated cases, the placement
of several models used successively can prove more reliable from the point of view of implementation
the practical ?error of modeli3ation@ and from the numerical point of view ?computational error@, in spite
of the intermediate procedures of rollout of the fields ?forced, displacements, pressures, temperatures,
intern variables/@ from one model to another.
A later stage of validation of Code1+ster could be done on the linear coupled problems ?T14 in
medium saturated and elastic@ or coupled andLor nonlinear ?model #ZG " being connected with the
model of 4ohr #oulomb, short-term e!cavation in not drained to compare with H&I@.
Code_Aster
Version
default
E 3ibliogra"hy
H"I ,. 687QA+, and >. 7=+GG8T: Qew implicit method for the study of the design of the tunnels, <rench
<ollow-up of >5otechniBue n9:;, pp --(:, - "22(
H(I '. #AT8A: ,ownstream of #ycle - site of 6ure - <ile "& - 45thode convergence-containment, notes 8,<
T8>> 8<T >>L;; ":0 A - (;;;
H&I A. >)7A+,: #ouplings Thermo-1ydro-4echanics in the not very permeable porous environments:
application to deep clays, thesis of the 8Q'# - "22&
H*I ,. A8 6=+A#1: #omparison of modeli3ations T14 &, and (, of a work of storage with Code1+ster,
report AEilon Technologies #5nergys ;"-A - (;;(
H-I 4r. 'AQ8T: The computation of the tunnels by the method convergence-containment, 'resses of the
8Q'# - "22-
H:I Q. G8AAAA), #. #1AAQT and >. ,867+[Q8: 1ydroplastic modeli3ation of the e!cavation of an
underground gallery with Code1+ster, notes 8,< 44Q 1)-.*L;;L;;2LA - (;;;
H.I Q. G8AAAA), #. #1AAQT and >. ,867+[Q8: 4odeli3ation T14 of an underground work of storage
with Code1+ster, notes 8,< 44Q 1)-.*L;"L;"*LA - (;;"
Code_Aster
Version
default
.nnexe 1 analytical 6ormulas to a""ly the method convergence/
containment to the case of a roc$ and a su""orting elastics
and linear solid mass
the medium is supposed to be elastic linear isotropic and subEected to an also isotropic initial stress field ? K
0
T
"@.
Radial stress# forced orthoradiale and radial dis"lacement with the wall of the tunnel in s"ringy medium
sub&ected toa rate of dconfinement
c
R
=
(
1
\. R
#
r
#
)
. c
0
c
0
=
(
1+
\. R
#
r
#
)
.c
0
U
R
=\
R
#
r

c
0
#;

G is given by the following relation: G=
E
#(1++)
3ehavior of su""orting:
That is to say K
s
the stiffness of supporting, it is given by the following relation if it is considered that
supporting is comparable to a thick or thin tube ?
v
b is the 'oissonKs ratio of the concrete@:
K
s
=
E
b
e
(1+
b
#
)R
si R>10e
E
b
( R
e
#
R
i
#
)
( 1++
b
)
| ( 1#+
b
)R
e
#
+R
i
#
si R10e

That is to say P
s
the confining pressure defined on the following figure

Code_Aster
Version
default
Titre : Comment creuser un tunnel : mthodologie dexcavat[...] Date : 29/0/20!! "age : 2//#$
=ne thus has:
P
s
R=c
b
e

)f k
s
=
K
s
#G
represents rigidity relative and \
d
the rate of d5confinement to the installation of supporting, then
the pressure of supporting and radial displacement out of wall are given by:
P
s
=
k
s
1+k
s
(
1\
d
)
c
0
U
R
=
1+\
d
k
s
1+k
s

c
0
#G
R

Code_Aster
Version
default
.nnexe + 6low chart of synthesis on the methods ma$ing it
"ossible to simulate an excavation
7otations
Aes names of the obEects are those of the command files presented in the appendices following.
GQA means STAT_NON_LINE D ,# means CREA_CHAMP D #A means boundary conditions
0ta"e 1: ?nitiali8ation of stresses
): GQA" with the loading of inertia loading or
pressure wished and a material eBuipped with
a possibly fictitious 'oissonKs ratio
)): assignment by command ,# of the field
desired

<=>

0ta"e +: Recovery of the nodal reactions at the edge of future gallery
,# to e!tract the stresses resulting from
GQA"
GQA ( with #A on the 8,>8 obEect in ,),)
75cup5ration from reactions
GQA " with #A on the
8,>8 obEect in ,),)
on model G=A
75cup5ration from
reactions
GQA " with #A on the
8,>8 obEect in ,),) on
model SOL_REST
75cup5ration from the
reactions

SOL_REST
/=R5

0ta"e -: ,confinement
GQA & with the
loading of the vector
of the nodal
reactions and a soft
material instead of
vacuum

SOL_REST
/=R5
Elments mous

GQA ( ?model G=A@
with the loading of
the vector of the
nodal reactions and
a soft material
instead of vacuum
GQA ( ?only one
material and model
SOL_REST @ with the
loading of the vector of
the nodal reactions

SOL_REST
/=R5

0ta"e 2: !ose su""orting
GQA * with &
materials: rock,
concrete and
vacuum ?method A@
to complete
d5confinement

SOL_REST
/=R5
Elments mous

the GQA & with &
materials: rock,
concrete and
vacuum ?method A@
to complete
d5confinement
the ,# to e!tract the
results from GQA (
GQA & on model
SOL_REST U ,ETON @ for
computation interm5diare
#ombianson of fields ,#
GQA * to complete
d5confinement

SOL_REST
/=R5
/E'=,

Code_Aster
Version
default
Titre : Comment creuser un tunnel : mthodologie dexcavat[...] Date : 29/0/20!! "age : 2#/#$
.nnexe - the 'esh file "roduced with (?3?
--------------------------------------------------------
- ,AC.&P $ANS a ICHIER /+*i0 APRES COMPILATION -
--------------------------------------------------------
OPTION SA&' o1+e +ai(/+*i023
--------------------------------------------------------
- OPTION O THE MO$ELISATION -
--------------------------------------------------------
OPTI $IME 4 ELEM 5&A63
--------------------------------------------------------
- POINTS -
--------------------------------------------------------
E7 = 0/ 0/ 3
E4 = 0/8 0/ 3
E9 = 0/:/0/:3
E; = 0/ 0/83
,7 = 7/4 0/ 3
,4 = 0/ 7/43
S7 = 7/< 0/ 3
S4 = 40/ 0/ 3
S9 = 40/ 40/ 3
S; = 0/ 40/ 3
S< = 0/ 7/<3
S= = (7/< - (SIN ;<"" (7/< - (COS ;<"" 3
--------------------------------------------------------
- RI>HT -
--------------------------------------------------------
E7E4 = E7 $ROI 7= E43
E4E9 = E4 $ROI 7= E93
E9E; = E9 $ROI 7= E;3
E;E7 = E; $ROI 7= E73
,7S7 = ,7 $ROI ; S73
S<,4 = S< $ROI ; ,43
E4,7 = E4 $ROI ; ,73
,4E; = ,4 $ROI ; E;3
S7S4 = S7 $ROI ?:0 S4 $INI 0/07 $IN 0/<03
S4S9 = S4 $ROI 7= S93
S9S; = S9 $ROI 7= S;3
S4S9S; = S4S9 AN$ S9S;3
S;S< = S; $ROI ?:0 S< $INI 0/<0 $IN 0/073
S9S= = S9 $ROI ?:0 S= $INI 0/:0 $IN 0@0073
--------------------------------------------------------
- ARCS -
--------------------------------------------------------
Code_Aster
Version
default
Titre : Comment creuser un tunnel : mthodologie dexcavat[...] Date : 29/0/20!! "age : 2?/#$
S7S< = 94 CERC S7 E7 S<3
S<S= = 7= CERC S< E7 S=3
S=S7 = 7= CERC S= E7 S73
,4,7 = 94 CERC ,4 E7 ,73
--------------------------------------------------------
- $EINITION O THE >RO&PS O MESH -
--------------------------------------------------------
E$>E = S7S<3
MA_HA&T = S9S;3
,AS_,ETO = ,7S73
LET_,ET = S<,43
NO_$ROIT = S4S93
NO_LET4 = S;S<3
NO_,AS4 = S7S43
NO_LET9 = NO_LET4 AN$ LET_,ET3
NO_,AS9 = ,AS_,ETO AN$ NO_,AS43
NO_LET7 = NO_LET9 AN$ ,4E; AN$ E;E73
NO_,AS7 = E7E4 AN$ E4,7 AN$ NO_,AS93
--------------------------------------------------------
- S&RACES -
--------------------------------------------------------
-??????????????????????--
PARTIE E#CA'ATION --
??????????????????????-
E#CA'7 = $ALL E7E4 E4E9 E9E; E;E73
E#AM NER'ES E#CA'73
E;E9E4 = (IN'E E9E;" AN$ (IN'E E4E9"3
E#CA'4 = $ALL E4,7 (IN'E ,4,7" ,4E; E;E9E43
E#AM NER'ES E#CA'43
E#CA' = E#CA'7 AN$ E#CA'43
ELIM /00< E#CA'3
E#AM NER'ES E#CA'3
-??????????????????????--
PARTIE ,ETON --
??????????????????????-
,ETON = $ALL ,AS_,ETO PLANE2 E$>E LET_,ET ,4,73
ELIM /00< ,ETON3
TRAC ,ETON3
-??????????????????????--
PARTIE SOL_REST --
??????????????????????-
SOL7 = PLANE2 $ALL NO_,AS4 NO_$ROIT S9S= S=S73
E#AM NER'ES SOL73
SOL4 = $ALL MA_HA&T NO_LET4 S<S= (IN'E S9S=" PLANE23
E#AM NER'ES SOL43
Code_Aster
Version
default
Titre : Comment creuser un tunnel : mthodologie dexcavat[...] Date : 29/0/20!! "age : 2$/#$
SOL_REST = SOL7 AN$ SOL43
ELIM /04< SOL_REST3
TRACE SOL_REST3
-??????????????????????--
PARTIE SOL_RES0 --
??????????????????????-
SOL_RES0 = ,ETON AN$ SOL_REST3
ELIM /00< SOL_RES03
E#AM NER'ES SOL_RES03
-??????????????????????--
TOTALIT% = >RO&N$ --
??????????????????????-
>RO&N$ = SOL_REST AN$ ,ETON AN$ E#CA'3
ELIM 0@07< >RO&N$3
TRACE >RO&N$3
--------------------------------------------------------
- ,AC.&P O THE ORMAT -
--------------------------------------------------------
SA&' ORMAT >RO&N$3
IN3
Code_Aster
Version
default
.nnexe 2 0xcavation without su""orting# on the basis of one
only model Fcase n@1G Command file Code_Aster
$E,&T ("3
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
A REA$IN> MESH >I,I
PRE_>I,I ("3
MAIL=LIRE_MAILLA>E ("3
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
A MO$ELISATION O AN E#CA'ATION SANS S&PPORTIN> O A T&NNEL IN $/P
A $EINITION O THE NO$ES >RO&PS OR BHICH IT % BILL HA'E
A O $ISPLACEMENTS IMPOSE
A
A NO_,AS7: NO$ES >RO&P O LOBER E$>E O TO&T LE MASSI
A ,EORE E#CA'ATION/
A NO_,AS4: NO$ES >RO&P O LOBER E$>E APRES E#CA'ATION@
A ,&T ,EORE POSE O THE SE>MENTS/
A AN$ POSES SE>MENTS/
A
A NO_$ROIT: NO$ES >RO&P O E$>E $ROIT/
A
A NO_HA&T: NO$ES >RO&P O HI>HER E$>E/
A
A NO_LET7: NO$ES >RO&P O E$>E >A&CHE O TO&T LE MASSI
A ,EORE E#CA'ATION/
A APRES E#CA'ATION@ ,&T ,EORE POSE O THE SE>MENTS/
A NO_LET4: NO$ES >RO&P O E$>E >A&CHE APRES E#CA'ATION

AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
A $EINITION $ES >RO&PS O NEO&$S
A OPTION $IE2 PERMET TO ISOLATE
A ROM ,OR$_SOL LES NEO&$S N7 AN$ N69<8
MAIL = $EI_>RO&P (1eCDe=MAIL@
MAILLA>E=MAIL@
CREA_>RO&P_NO= (_ (>RO&P_MA=!>RO&N$2"@
_ (>RO&P_MA=!SOL_REST2"@
_ (>RO&P_MA=!E#CA'2"@
_ (NOM=!NO_HA&T2@
>RO&P_MA=!MA_HA&T2"@
_ (>RO&P_MA=!NO_$ROIT2"@
Code_Aster
Version
default
_ (>RO&P_MA=!NO_LET72"@
_ (>RO&P_MA=!NO_LET4!"@
_ (>RO&P_MA=!NO_,AS7!"@
_ (>RO&P_MA=!NO_,AS4!"@
_ (>RO&P_MA=!NO_,AS9!"@
_ (>RO&P_MA=!LET_,ET!"@
_ (>RO&P_MA=!,AS_,ETO!"@
_ (>RO&P_MA=!E$>E!"@
_ (NOM=!NOE&$7!@
NOE&$=!N7!"@
_ (NOM=!NOE&$69<8!@
NOE&$=!N69<8!"@
_ (NOM=!,OR$_SOL!@
$IE= (E$>E2@ NOE&$72@ NOE&$69<82"@"@"@"@
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
A MO$ELE O THE >RO&N$ ,EORE L E#CA'ATION OR STA>E
A O INITIIALISATION O THE STRESS IEL$
A!MA_HA&T! APPEAR IN LE MO$ELE CONSI$ERIN> ONE
A APPLIES THE TOP A LOA$IN>
MO=AE_MO$ELE (MAILLA>E=MAIL@
AE= (_ (>RO&P_MA= (>RO&N$2@ MA_HA&T2"@
PHENOMENE=!MECANI5&E!@
MO$ELISATION=!$_PLAN!@"@"@"3
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
A >RO&N$ TO INITIALIEE THE STRESSES

SOL0=$EI_MATERIA& (ELAS=_ (E=;/0E8@
N&=0/;888@
RHO=4000/0@
ALPHA=0/0@"@"3
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
A MATERIA& >RO&N$ REEL (>I'EN COMP&TATION"
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
SOL=$EI_MATERIA& (ELAS=_ (E=;/0E8@
N&=0/9000@
RHO=4000/0@
ALPHA=0/0@"@"3
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
A MECHANICAL PROPERTIES O THE ELEMENTS E#CA'ATE
'I$E=$EI_MATERIA& (ELAS=_ (E=0/0007@
N&=0/4@
RHO=0/0@
ALPHA=0/0@"@"3
Code_Aster
Version
default
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
A MATERIA& COMP&TATION ELASTI5&E ===F CHMAT0
CHMAT0=AE_MATERIA& (MAILLA>E=MAIL@
AE= (_ (>RO&P_MA=!SOL!@
MATER=SOL0@"@"@"3
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
A MATERIA& A'EC $ONNEES O L ST&$% ===F CHMAT7
AE= (_ (>RO&P_MA=!SOL_REST!@
MATER=SOL@"@
_ (>RO&P_MA=!E#CA'!@
MATER='I$E@"@
_ (>RO&P_MA=!,ETON!@
MATER='I$E@"@"@"3
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
A LISTE O TIMES O COMP&TATION
A O 0 A7 ==F OR THE PHASE O INITIALISATION
A O 7 A 70 ==F OR LE ,LOC.IN> O E$>E O >ALLER%
A 70 CORRESPON$S A A TEMPS O $ECONINEMENT = 0
A <00 CORRESPON$S A A TEMPS O $ECONINEMENT = <0G
A 7000 CORRESPON$S A A TEMPS O $ECONINEMENT = 700G

LI=$EI_LISTE_REEL ($E,&T=0@
INTER'ALLE= (_ (H&S5&_A=7/0@
NOM,RE=7@"@
_ (H&S5&_A=70/0@
NOM,RE=7@"@
_ (H&S5&_A=<00/0@
NOM,RE=7@"@
_ (H&S5&_A=7000@
NOM,RE=7@"@"@"3
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
A O M&LTIPL%IN> &NCTION OR LE $ECONINEMENT
0=$EI_ONCTION (NOM_PARA=!INST!@
'ALE= (70/0@ 7/0@
<00/0@0/<@
7000/0@0/0@"@"3

Code_Aster
Version
default
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
A ,O&N$AR% CON$ITIONS IN $ISPLACEMENTS:
A S%METRIE ON THE $IMENSIONS SI$E =F $#=0
A CONTIN&IT% ON THE PARTIE LOBER =F $%=0
A BEI>HT O THE >RO&N$S ON THE HI>HER ACE =F PRES
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
CH0=AE_CHAR_MECA (MO$ELE=MO@
$$L_IMPO= (_ (>RO&P_NO=!NO_$ROIT!@
$#=0/0@"@
_ (>RO&P_NO=!NO_LET7!@
$#=0/0@"@
_ (>RO&P_NO=!NO_,AS7!@
$%=0/0@"@"@
PRES_REP=_ (>RO&P_MA=!MA_HA&T!@
PRES=</0E=@"@"3

A PREMIERE STAT NON LINE A
A 7Dt PHASE: INITIALISATION O THE IEL$ O THE STRESSES
RES&7=STAT_NON_LINE (MO$ELE=MO@
CHAM_MATER=CHMAT0@
E#CIT= (_ (CHAR>E=CH0@"@"@
COMP_INCR= (_ (RELATION=!ELAS!@
>RO&P_MA=!SOL!@"@"@
INCREMENT=_ (LIST_INST=LI@
INST_INIT=0/@
INST_IN =7/@"@
NEBTON=_ (MATRICE=!TAN>ENTE!@
REAC_ITER=70@"@
CON'ER>ENCE=_ (ITER_>LO,_MA#I=70@
ITER_INTE_MA#I=<@"@
PARM_THETA=0/<:@"3
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
A E#TRACTION O THE STRESSES
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
RES7=CREA_CHAMP (T%PE_CHAM=!EL>A_SIE_R!@
OPERATION=!E#TR!@
RES&LTAT=RES&7@
NOM_CHAM=!SIE_EL>A!@
INST=7@"3
Code_Aster
Version
default
Titre : Comment creuser un tunnel : mthodologie dexcavat[...] Date : 29/0/20!! "age : /#$
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
A ,LOC.IN> O THE NO$ES AT THE E$>E O PARTIE E#CA'EE =F $#I$%=0
$$L_IMPO= (_ (>RO&P_NO=!,OR$_SOL!@
$#=0/0@
$%=0/0@"@
_ (NOE&$= (N72"@
$#=0/0@"@
_ (NOE&$= (N69<82"@
$%=0/0@"@"@"3

AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
$#=0/0@"@
$#=0/0@"@
$%=0/0@"@
_ (>RO&P_NO= (,AS_,ETO2"@
$%=0/0@"@
_ (>RO&P_NO= (LET_,ET2"@
$#=0/0@"@"@
PRES=</0E=@"@"@

A $E&#IEME STAT NON LINE A
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
A 4nd PHASE ,LOC.IN> O E$>E $E LA >ALERIE IN $I$I
A RM5: $I$I ===F $ELTA & = 0
RES&7=STAT_NON_LINE (1eCDe =RES&7@
MO$ELE=MO@
CHAM_MATER=CHMAT0@
E#CIT= (_ (CHAR>E=CH470@
T%PE_CHAR>E=!$I$I!"@
_ (CHAR>E=CH440@"@"@
>RO&P_MA=!SOL!@"@"@
ETAT_INIT=_ (SI>M=RES7@"@
INST_INIT=7@
INST_IN=70@"@
REAC_ITER=7@"@
CON'ER>ENCE=_ (RESI_>LO,_RELA=</E?=@
Code_Aster
Version
default
ITER_>LO,_MA#I=400@
ITER_INTE_MA#I=<0@
ITER_INTE_PAS=?;0@"@
PARM_THETA=0/<:@"3
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
CH<7=AE_CHAR_MECA (MO$ELE=MO@
$#=0/0@"@
$#=0/0@"@
_ (NOE&$=!N7!@
$%=0/0@"@
_ (>RO&P_NO= (NO_,AS92"@
$%=0/0@"@
_ (NOE&$=!N69<8!@
$#=0/0@"@"@
PRES=</0E=@"@"3
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
A COMP&TATION $ES REACTIONS
RES&7=CALC_NO (1eCDe =RES&7@
RES&LTAT=RES&7@
INST=70/@
OPTION=!REAC_NO$A!@
MO$ELE=MO@
CHAM_MATER=CHMAT0@
E#CIT=_ (CHAR>E=CH440@"@"3

AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
A RECO'ER% O THE NO$AL REACTIONS
REANO$A=CREA_CHAMP (T%PE_CHAM=!NOE&_$EPL_R!@
OPERATION=!E#TR!@
RES&LTAT=RES&7@
NOM_CHAM=!REAC_NO$A!@
INST=70/@"3
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
A CONSTIT&TION $ A 'ECTOR LOA$IN> O,TAINE$ CONSTIT&TES REACTIONS
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
'ECT_ASSE=REANO$A@"3
Code_Aster
Version
default
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
A TROISIEME STAT NON LINE A
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
A 91d PHASE: REINHECTION $E LA REACTION
MO$ELE=MO@
CHAM_MATER=CHMAT7@
ONC_M&LT=0@"@
_ (CHAR>E=CH<7@"@"@
>RO&P_MA=!SOL_REST!@"@
_ (RELATION=!ELAS!@
>RO&P_MA=!E#CA'!@"@
_ (RELATION=!ELAS!@
>RO&P_MA= (,ETON2"@"@"@
ETAT_INIT=_ (E'OL_NOLI=RES&7@"@
INST_INIT=70@
INST_IN=7000@"@
REAC_ITER=7@"@
ITER_>LO,_MA#I=<00@
ITER_INTE_MA#I=700@
ITER_INTE_PAS=?70@"@
PARM_THETA=0/<:@"3
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
A COMP&TATIONS AN$ POST PROCESSIN>
RES&7=CALC_ELEM (1eCDe =RES&7@
MO$ELE=MO@
>RO&P_MA=!SOL_REST!@
CHAM_MATER=CHMAT7@
OPTION= (SIE_ELNO2@"@
RES&LTAT=RES&7@"3
RES&7=CALC_NO (1eCDe=RES&7@
CHAM_MATER=CHMAT7@
OPTION= (SIE_NOE&2@"@
RES&LTAT=RES&7"
A PRINTIN> $ES RES&LTATS IN ORMAT CASTEM
A PO&R 'IS&ALISATION $ES ISO'ALE&RS

IMPR_RES& (MO$ELE=MO@
RES&=_ (ORMAT=!CASTEM!@
MAILLA>E=MAIL@
RES&LTAT=RES&7@"@"3
Code_Aster
Version
default
A ARRA%S O POSTPROCESSIN>

A?????????????????????????????????????????????????
A $ISPLACEMENTS NO$E N7 &NCTION O $ECONINEMENT
A?????????????????????????????????????????????????
$EP_7=POST_RELE'E_T (ACTION=_ (INTIT&LE=!$EPL_ONC_$ECON_N7!@
NOE&$=!N7!@
RES&LTAT=RES&7@
NOM_CHAM=!$EPL!@
TO&T_OR$RE=!O&I!@
TO&T_CMP=!O&I!@
OPERATION=!E#TRACTION!@"@"3
IMPR_TA,LE (TA,LE=$EP_7@
ICHIER=!RES&LTAT!@
ORMAT=!A>RA!@
NOM_PARA= (INST2@ $#2@ $%2@"@"3
A????????????????????????????????????????????????
A ORCE$ NO$E N7 &NCTION O $ECONINEMENT
A????????????????????????????????????????????????
SI>_7=POST_RELE'E_T (ACTION=_ (INTIT&LE=!SIE_ONC_$ECON_N7!@
NOE&$=!N7!@
RES&LTAT=RES&7@
NOM_CHAM=!SIE_ELNO!@
TO&T_OR$RE=!O&I!@
NOM_CMP= (SI##2@ SI%%2"@

IMPR_TA,LE (TA,LE=SI>_7@
ICHIER=!RES&LTAT!@
ORMAT=!A>RA!@
NOM_PARA= (INST2@ SI##2@ SI%%2"@"3
A????????????????????????????????????????????????????
A $ISPLACEMENTS NO$E N69<8 &NCTION O $ECONINEMENT
A????????????????????????????????????????????????????
$EP_69<8=POST_RELE'E_T (ACTION=_ (INTIT&LE=!$EPL_ONC_$ECON_N69<8!@
NOE&$=!N69<8!@
RES&LTAT=RES&7@
NOM_CHAM=!$EPL!@
TO&T_OR$RE=!O&I!@
TO&T_CMP=!O&I!@
IMPR_TA,LE (TA,LE=$EP_69<8@
ICHIER=!RES&LTAT!@
ORMAT=!A>RA!@
NOM_PARA= (INST2@ $#2@ $%2@"@"3

A???????????????????????????????????????????????????
A ORCE$ NO$E N69<8 &NCTION O $ECONINEMENT
A???????????????????????????????????????????????????
Code_Aster
Version
default
Titre : Comment creuser un tunnel : mthodologie dexcavat[...] Date : 29/0/20!! "age : ?/#$
SI>_69<8=POST_RELE'E_T (ACTION=_ (INTIT&LE=!SIE_ONC_$ECON_N69<8!@
NOE&$=!N69<8!@
RES&LTAT=RES&7@
TO&T_OR$RE=!O&I!@

IMPR_TA,LE (TA,LE=SI>_69<8@
ICHIER=!RES&LTAT!@
ORMAT=!A>RA!@
A???????????????????????????????????????????
A $ISPLACEMENTS NO_LET4 ===F <0G
A???????????????????????????????????????????
$EP_L<0=POST_RELE'E_T (ACTION=_ (INTIT&LE=!$EPL_LET4_<0G!@
>RO&P_NO=!NO_LET4!@
RES&LTAT=RES&7@
NOM_CHAM=!$EPL!@
INST= (<00"@
TO&T_CMP=!O&I!@
IMPR_TA,LE (TA,LE=$EP_L<0@
ICHIER=!RES&LTAT!@
ORMAT=!A>RA!@
NOM_PARA= (NO$E2@ COOR_#2@ COOR_%2@ $#2@ $%2@"@"3
A???????????????????????????????????????????
A $ISPLACEMENTS NO_LET4 ===F 700G
A???????????????????????????????????????????
$EP_L700=POST_RELE'E_T (ACTION=_ (INTIT&LE=!$EPL_LET4_700G!@
>RO&P_NO=!NO_LET4!@
RES&LTAT=RES&7@
NOM_CHAM=!$EPL!@
INST= (7000"@
TO&T_CMP=!O&I!@
IMPR_TA,LE (TA,LE=$EP_L700@
ICHIER=!RES&LTAT!@
ORMAT=!A>RA!@
A????????????????????????????????????????????
A ORCE$ NO_LET4 &R>ENT ===F <0G
A????????????????????????????????????????????
SI>_L<0=POST_RELE'E_T (ACTION=_ (INTIT&LE=!SIE_ELNO_NO_LET4_<0G!@
>RO&P_NO=!NO_LET4!@
RES&LTAT=RES&7@
INST= (<00"@
Code_Aster
Version
default
Titre : Comment creuser un tunnel : mthodologie dexcavat[...] Date : 29/0/20!! "age : $/#$

IMPR_TA,LE (TA,LE=SI>_L<0@
ICHIER=!RES&LTAT!@
ORMAT=!A>RA!@
NOM_PARA= (NO$E2@ COOR_#2@ COOR_%2@ SI##2@ SI%%2"@"3
A????????????????????????????????????????????
A ORCE$ NO_LET4 &R>ENT ===F 700G
A????????????????????????????????????????????
SI>_L700=POST_RELE'E_T (ACTION=_ (INTIT&LE=!SIE_ELNO_NO_LET4_700G!@
>RO&P_NO=!NO_LET4!@
RES&LTAT=RES&7@
INST= (7000"@

IMPR_TA,LE (TA,LE=SI>_L700@
ICHIER=!RES&LTAT!@
ORMAT=!A>RA!@
A???????????????????????????????????????????
A $ISPLACEMENTS NO_,AS4 ===F <0G
A???????????????????????????????????????????
$EP_,<0=POST_RELE'E_T (ACTION=_ (INTIT&LE=!$EPL_NO_,AS4_<0G!@
>RO&P_NO=!NO_,AS4!@
RES&LTAT=RES&7@
NOM_CHAM=!$EPL!@
INST= (<00"@
TO&T_CMP=!O&I!@
IMPR_TA,LE (TA,LE=$EP_,<0@
ICHIER=!RES&LTAT!@
ORMAT=!A>RA!@
A???????????????????????????????????????????
A $ISPLACEMENTS NO_,AS4 ===F 700G
A???????????????????????????????????????????
$EP_,700=POST_RELE'E_T (ACTION=_ (INTIT&LE=!$EPL_NO_,AS4_700G!@
>RO&P_NO=!NO_,AS4!@
RES&LTAT=RES&7@
NOM_CHAM=!$EPL!@
INST= (7000"@
TO&T_CMP=!O&I!@
IMPR_TA,LE (TA,LE=$EP_,700@
ICHIER=!RES&LTAT!@
ORMAT=!A>RA!@
Code_Aster
Version
default
A????????????????????????????????????????????
A ORCE$ NO_,AS4 &R>ENT ===F <0G
A????????????????????????????????????????????
SI>_,<0=POST_RELE'E_T (ACTION=_ (INTIT&LE=!SIE_ELNO_NO_,AS4_<0G!@
>RO&P_NO=!NO_,AS4!@
RES&LTAT=RES&7@
INST= (<00"@

IMPR_TA,LE (TA,LE=SI>_,<0@
ICHIER=!RES&LTAT!@
ORMAT=!A>RA!@
A????????????????????????????????????????????
A ORCE$ NO_,AS4 &R>ENT ===F 700G
A????????????????????????????????????????????
SI>_,700=POST_RELE'E_T (ACTION=_ (INTIT&LE=!SIE_ELNO_NO_,AS4_700G!@
>RO&P_NO=!NO_,AS4!@
RES&LTAT=RES&7@
INST= (7000"@

IMPR_TA,LE (TA,LE=SI>_,700@
ICHIER=!RES&LTAT!@
ORMAT=!A>RA!@
IN ("3
Code_Aster
Version
default
Titre : Comment creuser un tunnel : mthodologie dexcavat[...] Date : 29/0/20!! "age : /0/#$
.nnexe = 0xcavation with su""orting# method . Fcase n@+G
Command file Code_Aster
$E,&T ("3
A REA$IN> MESH >I,I
PRE_>I,I ("3
A MO$ELISATION O AN E#CA'ATION A'EC S&PPORTIN> O A T&NNEL IN $/P
A
A ,EORE E#CA'ATION/
A
A
A
A ,EORE E#CA'ATION/

MAILLA>E=MAIL@
CREA_>RO&P_NO= (_ (>RO&P_MA=!SOL!"@
_ (>RO&P_MA=!SOL_REST!"@
_ (>RO&P_MA=!E#CA'!"@
_ (NOM=!NO_HA&T!@
>RO&P_MA=!MA_HA&T!"@
_ (>RO&P_MA=!NO_$ROIT!"@
Code_Aster
Version
default
Titre : Comment creuser un tunnel : mthodologie dexcavat[...] Date : 29/0/20!! "age : /!/#$
_ (>RO&P_MA=!NO_,AS7!"@
_ (>RO&P_MA=!NO_,AS4!"@
_ (>RO&P_MA=!NO_,AS9!"@
_ (>RO&P_MA=!E$>E!"@
_ (NOM=!NOE&$7!@
NOE&$=!N7!"@
_ (NOM=!NOE&$69<8!@
NOE&$=!N69<8!"@
_ (NOM=!,OR$_SOL!@
$IE= (E$>E2@ NOE&$72@ NOE&$69<82"@"@"@"@
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
A >RO&N$ OR COMP&TATION NO$AL REACTIONS
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
N&=0/;888@
RHO=4000/0@
ALPHA=0/0@"@"3
A MATERIA& >RO&N$ REEL
N&=0/9000@
RHO=4000/0@
ALPHA=0/0@"@"3
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
A 'I$E
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
'I$E=$EI_MATERIA& (ELAS=_ (E=0/007@
N&=0/4@
RHO=0/0@
ALPHA=0/0@"@"3
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
A MECHANICAL PROPERTIES O THE SE>MENTS IN ,ETON
,ETON7=$EI_MATERIA& (ELAS=_ (E=4/E70@
Code_Aster
Version
default
N&=0/4@
RHO=0/0@
ALPHA=0/0@"@"3
Code_Aster
Version
default
MATER=SOL@"@"@"3
MATER=SOL4@"@
MATER='I$E@"@
MATER='I$E@"@"@"3
MATER=SOL4@"@
MATER='I$E@"@
MATER=,ETON7@"@"@"3
NOM,RE=7@"@
_ (H&S5&_A=70/0@
NOM,RE=7@"@
_ (H&S5&_A=<00@
NOM,RE=7@"@
_ (H&S5&_A=7000@
NOM,RE=7@"@"@"3
Code_Aster
Version
default
Titre : Comment creuser un tunnel : mthodologie dexcavat[...] Date : 29/0/20!! "age : ///#$
'ALE= (70/0@ 7/0@
<00/0@0/<@
7000/0@0/0@"@"3

AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
A CREA IEL$ PAR OPERATOR AE2
A 7Dt PHASE: INITIALISATION O THE STRESSES
RES7=CREA_CHAMP (T%PE_CHAM=!ELNO_SIE_R!@
OPERATION=!AE!@
MO$ELE=MO@
AE= (_ (TO&T=!O&I!@
NOM_CMP= (SI##2@ SI%%2@ SIEE2@ SI#%2"@
'ALE= (</0E=@</0E=@0/@ 0/"@"@"@"@

A ,LOC.IN> $ES NO$ES A& ,OR$ $E PARTIE E#CA'EE =F $#I$%=0
$#=0/0@
$%=0/0@"@
_ (NOE&$= (N72"@
$#=0/0@"@
_ (NOE&$= (N69<82"@
$%=0/0@"@"@"3

$#=0/0@"@
$#=0/0@"@
$%=0/0@"@
_ (>RO&P_NO= (,AS_,ETO2"@
$%=0/0@"@
_ (>RO&P_NO= (LET_,ET2"@
$#=0/0@"@"@
PRES=</0E=@"@"@
Code_Aster
Version
default

A RM5: $I$I ===F $ELTA & = 0
RES&7=STAT_NON_LINE (MO$ELE=MO@
CHAM_MATER=CHMAT0@
_ (CHAR>E=CH440@"@"@
>RO&P_MA=!SOL!@"@"@
INST_INIT=7@
INST_IN=70@"@
REAC_ITER=7@"@
ITER_>LO,_MA#I=400@
ITER_INTE_MA#I=<0@
PARM_THETA=0/<:@"3
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
OPERATION=!E#TR!@
RES&LTAT=RES&7@
INST=70@"3
CH<7=AE_CHAR_MECA (MO$ELE=MO@
$#=0/0@"@
$#=0/0@"@
_ (NOE&$=!N7!@
$%=0/0@"@
_ (>RO&P_NO= (NO_,AS92"@
$%=0/0@"@
_ (NOE&$=!N69<8!@
$#=0/0@"@"@
Code_Aster
Version
default
Titre : Comment creuser un tunnel : mthodologie dexcavat[...] Date : 29/0/20!! "age : /#/#$
PRES=</0E=@"@"3
Code_Aster
Version
default
Titre : Comment creuser un tunnel : mthodologie dexcavat[...] Date : 29/0/20!! "age : /?/#$
RES&LTAT=RES&7@
INST=70/@
OPTION=!REAC_NO$A!@
MO$ELE=MO@
CHAM_MATER=CHMAT0@
OPERATION=!E#TR!@
RES&LTAT=RES&7@
INST=70/@"3
A 91d PHASE: REINHECTION $E LA REACTION
MO$ELE=MO@
CHAM_MATER=CHMAT4@
ONC_M&LT=0@"@
_ (CHAR>E=CH<7@"@"@
_ (RELATION=!ELAS!@
>RO&P_MA=!E#CA'!@"@
_ (RELATION=!ELAS!@
>RO&P_MA= (,ETON2"@"@"@
INST_INIT=70@
INST_IN=<00@"@
REAC_ITER=7@"@
ITER_>LO,_MA#I=<00@
ITER_INTE_MA#I=700@
PARM_THETA=0/<:@"3
Code_Aster
Version
default
Titre : Comment creuser un tunnel : mthodologie dexcavat[...] Date : 29/0/20!! "age : /$/#$
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
A ;th PHASE: ACTI'ATION O the ,ETON
MO$ELE=MO@
CHAM_MATER=CHMAT9@
ONC_M&LT=0@"@
_ (CHAR>E=CH<7@"@"@
_ (RELATION=!ELAS!@
>RO&P_MA=!E#CA'!@"@
_ (RELATION=!ELAS!@
>RO&P_MA= (,ETON2"@"@"@
INST_INIT=<00@
INST_IN=7000@"@
REAC_ITER=7@"@
ITER_>LO,_MA#I=<00@
ITER_INTE_MA#I=700@
PARM_THETA=0/<:@"3
RES&7=CALC_ELEM (1eCDe = RES&7@
MO$ELE=MO@
CHAM_MATER=CHMAT4@
RES&LTAT=RES&7@"3
RES&7=CALC_NO (1eCDe = RES&7@
CHAM_MATER=CHMAT4@
RES&LTAT=RES&7"
A PRINTIN> $ES RES&LTATS IN ORMAT CASTEM
A PO&R 'IS&ALISATION $ES ISO'ALE&RS
AIMPR_RES& (MO$ELE=MO4@
A RES&=_ (ORMAT=!CASTEM!@
A MAILLA>E=MAIL@
A RES&LTAT=RES&7@"@"3
Code_Aster
Version
default
A?????????????????????????????????????????????????
A?????????????????????????????????????????????????
NOE&$=!N7!@
RES&LTAT=RES&7@
NOM_CHAM=!$EPL!@
TO&T_OR$RE=!O&I!@
TO&T_CMP=!O&I!@
ICHIER=!RES&LTAT!@
ORMAT=!A>RA!@
NOM_PARA= (INST2@ $#2@ $%2@"@"3
A????????????????????????????????????????????????
A????????????????????????????????????????????????
NOE&$=!N7!@
RES&LTAT=RES&7@
TO&T_OR$RE=!O&I!@

ICHIER=!RES&LTAT!@
ORMAT=!A>RA!@
A????????????????????????????????????????????????????
A????????????????????????????????????????????????????
NOE&$=!N69<8!@
RES&LTAT=RES&7@
NOM_CHAM=!$EPL!@
TO&T_OR$RE=!O&I!@
TO&T_CMP=!O&I!@
ICHIER=!RES&LTAT!@
ORMAT=!A>RA!@
NOM_PARA= (INST2@ $#2@ $%2@"@"3

A???????????????????????????????????????????????????
A???????????????????????????????????????????????????
Code_Aster
Version
default
NOE&$=!N69<8!@
RES&LTAT=RES&7@
TO&T_OR$RE=!O&I!@

ICHIER=!RES&LTAT!@
ORMAT=!A>RA!@

A???????????????????????????????????????????
A???????????????????????????????????????????
>RO&P_NO=!NO_LET4!@
RES&LTAT=RES&7@
NOM_CHAM=!$EPL!@
INST= (<00"@
TO&T_CMP=!O&I!@
ICHIER=!RES&LTAT!@
ORMAT=!A>RA!@
A???????????????????????????????????????????
A???????????????????????????????????????????
>RO&P_NO=!NO_LET4!@
RES&LTAT=RES&7@
NOM_CHAM=!$EPL!@
INST= (7000"@
TO&T_CMP=!O&I!@
ICHIER=!RES&LTAT!@
ORMAT=!A>RA!@
A????????????????????????????????????????????
A????????????????????????????????????????????
>RO&P_NO=!NO_LET4!@
RES&LTAT=RES&7@
INST= (<00"@
Code_Aster
Version
default
Titre : Comment creuser un tunnel : mthodologie dexcavat[...] Date : 29/0/20!! "age : 0!/#$
ICHIER=!RES&LTAT!@
ORMAT=!A>RA!@
A????????????????????????????????????????????
A????????????????????????????????????????????
>RO&P_NO=!NO_LET4!@
RES&LTAT=RES&7@
INST= (7000"@

ICHIER=!RES&LTAT!@
ORMAT=!A>RA!@
A???????????????????????????????????????????
A???????????????????????????????????????????
>RO&P_NO=!NO_,AS4!@
RES&LTAT=RES&7@
NOM_CHAM=!$EPL!@
INST= (<00"@
TO&T_CMP=!O&I!@
ICHIER=!RES&LTAT!@
ORMAT=!A>RA!@
A???????????????????????????????????????????
A???????????????????????????????????????????
>RO&P_NO=!NO_,AS4!@
RES&LTAT=RES&7@
NOM_CHAM=!$EPL!@
INST= (7000"@
TO&T_CMP=!O&I!@
ICHIER=!RES&LTAT!@
ORMAT=!A>RA!@
Code_Aster
Version
default
A????????????????????????????????????????????
A????????????????????????????????????????????
>RO&P_NO=!NO_,AS4!@
RES&LTAT=RES&7@
INST= (<00"@

ICHIER=!RES&LTAT!@
ORMAT=!A>RA!@
A????????????????????????????????????????????
A????????????????????????????????????????????
>RO&P_NO=!NO_,AS4!@
RES&LTAT=RES&7@
INST= (7000"@

ICHIER=!RES&LTAT!@
ORMAT=!A>RA!@
IN ("3
Code_Aster
Version
default
.nnexe A0xcavation with su""orting# method 3 Fcase n@-G
Command file Code_Aster
$E,&T ("3
A REA$IN> MESH >I,I
PRE_>I,I ("3
A MO$ELISATION O AN E#CA'ATION A'EC S&PPORTIN> O A T&NNEL IN $/P
A
A ,EORE E#CA'ATION/
A
A
A
A ,EORE E#CA'ATION/

MAILLA>E=MAIL@
CREA_>RO&P_NO= (_ (>RO&P_MA=!SOL!"@
_ (>RO&P_MA=!SOL_REST!"@
_ (NOM=!NO_HA&T!@
>RO&P_MA=!MA_HA&T!"@
_ (>RO&P_MA=!NO_$ROIT!"@
Code_Aster
Version
default
Titre : Comment creuser un tunnel : mthodologie dexcavat[...] Date : 29/0/20!! "age : 0//#$
_ (>RO&P_MA=!NO_,AS7!"@
_ (>RO&P_MA=!NO_,AS4!"@
_ (>RO&P_MA=!NO_,AS9!"@
_ (>RO&P_MA=!E$>E!"@
_ (NOM=!NOE&$7!@
NOE&$=!N7!"@
_ (NOM=!NOE&$69<8!@
NOE&$=!N69<8!"@
_ (NOM=!,OR$_SOL!@
$IE= (E$>E2@ NOE&$72@ NOE&$69<82"@"@"@"@
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
A MO$ELE SOL_REST
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
MO7=AE_MO$ELE (MAILLA>E=MAIL@
AE= (_ (>RO&P_MA= (SOL_REST2@ MA_HA&T2"@
A MO$ELE O >RO&N$ APRES L E#CA'ATION
MO4=AE_MO$ELE (MAILLA>E=MAIL@
AE= (_ (>RO&P_MA=!,ETON!@
MO$ELISATION=!$_PLAN!@"@
_ (>RO&P_MA= (SOL_REST2@ MA_HA&T2"@
A >RO&N$ OR COMP&TATION NO$AL REACTIONS
N&=0/;888@
RHO=4000/0@
ALPHA=0/0@"@"3
Code_Aster
Version
default
A MATERIA& >RO&N$ REEL ($ONNEES O COMP&TATION"
N&=0/90@
RHO=4000/0@
ALPHA=0/0@"@"3
A MECHANICAL PROPERTIES O THE SE>MENTS IN ,ETON
,ETON=$EI_MATERIA& (ELAS=_ (E=4/E70@
N&=0/4@
RHO=0/0@
ALPHA=0/0@"@"3
MATER=SOL0@"@"@"3
A MATERIA& PHASE $ INITIALISATION ===F CHMAT
CHMAT=AE_MATERIA& (MAILLA>E=MAIL@
MATER=SOL0@"@"@"3
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
A MATERIA& PHASE O RE?INHECTION O THE REACTION ===F CHMAT7
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
MATER=SOL@"@"@"3
MATER=SOL@"@
MATER=,ETON@"@"@"3
Code_Aster
Version
default
Titre : Comment creuser un tunnel : mthodologie dexcavat[...] Date : 29/0/20!! "age : 0#/#$

NOM,RE=7@"@
_ (H&S5&_A=70/0@
NOM,RE=7@"@
_ (H&S5&_A=<00/0@
NOM,RE=7@"@
_ (H&S5&_A=7000@
NOM,RE=7@"@"@"3
A LISTE O TIMES OR LE COMP&TATION CAN OR
A TO INITIALIEE IEL$S A0 $ALS LE ,ETON
LI7=$EI_LISTE_REEL ($E,&T=0@
INTER'ALLE= (_ (H&S5&_A=7/E=@
NOM,RE=7"@"@"3
'ALE= (70/0@ 7/0@
<00/0@0/<@
7000/0@0/0@"@"3
A CREA IEL$ PAR OPERATOR AE2
A 7Dt PHASE: INITIALISATION O THE STRESSES
RES7=CREA_CHAMP (T%PE_CHAM=!ELNO_SIE_R!@
OPERATION=!AE!@
MO$ELE=MO@
AE= (_ (TO&T=!O&I!@
NOM_CMP= (SI##2@ SI%%2@ SIEE2@ SI#%2"@
'ALE= (</0E=@</0E=@0/@ 0/"@"@"@"@
Code_Aster
Version
default
Titre : Comment creuser un tunnel : mthodologie dexcavat[...] Date : 29/0/20!! "age : 0?/#$
A ,LOC.IN> $ES NO$ES A& ,OR$ $E PARTIE E#CA'EE =F $#I$%=0
A R5 = ONE TRA'AILLE MAINTENANT A'EC LE MO$ELE MO4
CH470=AE_CHAR_MECA (MO$ELE=MO7@
$#=0/0@
$%=0/0@"@
_ (NOE&$= (N72"@
$#=0/0@"@
_ (NOE&$= (N69<82"@
$%=0/0@"@"@"3

A ,O&N$AR% CON$ITIONS IN $ISPLACEMENTS =
$#=0/0@"@
$#=0/0@"@
$%=0/0@"@"@
PRES=</0E=@"@"@

RES&7=STAT_NON_LINE (MO$ELE=MO7@
CHAM_MATER=CHMAT@
_ (CHAR>E=CH440@"@"@
>RO&P_MA=!SOL_REST!@"@"@
INST_INIT=7@
INST_IN=70@"@
REAC_ITER=7@"@
ITER_>LO,_MA#I=400@
ITER_INTE_MA#I=<0@
PARM_THETA=0/<:@"3
Code_Aster
Version
default
Titre : Comment creuser un tunnel : mthodologie dexcavat[...] Date : 29/0/20!! "age : 0$/#$
OPERATION=!E#TR!@
RES&LTAT=RES&7@
INST=70@"3
A ,O&N$AR% CON$ITIONS IN $ISPLACEMENTS =
CH<7=AE_CHAR_MECA (MO$ELE=MO4@
$#=0/0@"@
$#=0/0@"@
_ (NOE&$=!N7!@
$%=0/0@"@
_ (>RO&P_NO= (NO_,AS92"@
$%=0/0@"@
_ (NOE&$=!N69<8!@
$#=0/0@"@"@
PRES=</0E=@"@"3
RES&LTAT=RES&7@
INST=70/@
OPTION=!REAC_NO$A!@
MO$ELE=MO7@
CHAM_MATER=CHMAT@

OPERATION=!E#TR!@
RES&LTAT=RES&7@
INST=70/@"3
Code_Aster
Version
default
A 91d PHASE = REINHECTION $E LA REACTION
RES&7=STAT_NON_LINE (1eCDe=RES&7@
MO$ELE=MO7@
CHAM_MATER=CHMAT7@
ONC_M&LT=0@"@
_ (CHAR>E=CH440@"@"@
>RO&P_MA=!SOL_REST!@"@"@
ETAT_INIT=_ (E'OL_NOLI=RES&7"@
INST_INIT=70@
INST_IN=<00@"@
REAC_ITER=7@"@
ITER_>LO,_MA#I=<00@
ITER_INTE_MA#I=700@
PARM_THETA=0/<:@"3
A E#TRACTION O THE IEL$S = $ISPLACEMENTS@ STRESSES@
A AN$ INTERN 'ARIA,LES O,TAINE$ $&RIN> PRECE$IN> COMP&TATION

SI>7=CREA_CHAMP (T%PE_CHAM=!EL>A_SIE_R!@
OPERATION=!E#TR!@
RES&LTAT=RES&7@
INST=<00/@"3
$EP7=CREA_CHAMP (T%PE_CHAM=!NOE&_$EPL_R!@
OPERATION=!E#TR!@
RES&LTAT=RES&7@
NOM_CHAM=!$EPL!@
INST=<00/@"3
CH,I$ = AE_CHAR_MECA (MO$ELE=MO7@
$#=0/0@"@
$#=0/0@"@
Code_Aster
Version
default
Titre : Comment creuser un tunnel : mthodologie dexcavat[...] Date : 29/0/20!! "age : #0/#$
$%=0/0@"@"@"@
Code_Aster
Version
default
Titre : Comment creuser un tunnel : mthodologie dexcavat[...] Date : 29/0/20!! "age : #!/#$
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
A ;th PHASE = LOA$IN> ,I$ON@
A COMP&TATION ,I$ON PO&R PERMETTRE:
A ? AN INITIALISATION O IEL$S A0 IN LE ,ETON@
A ? AN$ THEN THE ASSEM,L%
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

,I$ON=STAT_NON_LINE (MO$ELE=MO4@
CHAM_MATER=CHMAT4@
E#CIT=_ (CHAR>E=CH,I$"@
_ (RELATION=!ELAS!@
>RO&P_MA=!,ETON!@"@"@
INCREMENT=_ (LIST_INST=LI7@"@
REAC_ITER=7@"@
CON'ER>ENCE=_ (RESI_>LO,_MA#I=7/@
ITER_>LO,_MA#I=7@
ITER_INTE_MA#I=70@
PARM_THETA=0/<:@"3

$EP4=CREA_CHAMP (T%PE_CHAM=!NOE&_$EPL_R!@
OPERATION=!E#TR!@
RES&LTAT=,I$ON@
NOM_CHAM=!$EPL!@
INST=7/E="3

SI>4=CREA_CHAMP (T%PE_CHAM=!EL>A_SIE_R!@
OPERATION=!E#TR!@
RES&LTAT=,I$ON@
INST=7/E="3
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
A ASSEM,L%
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
$EPINI=CREA_CHAMP (T%PE_CHAM=!NOE&_$EPL_R!@
OPERATION=!ASSE!@
MAILLA>E=MAIL@
ASSE= (_ (CHAM_>$=$EP4@
>RO&P_MA=!,ETON!@
C&M&L=!O&I!@
COE_R=0/"@
_ (CHAM_>$=$EP7@
C&M&L=!O&I!@"@"@"3
SI>INI=CREA_CHAMP (T%PE_CHAM=!EL>A_SIE_R!@
OPERATION=!ASSE!@
MO$ELE=MO4@
ASSE= (_ (CHAM_>$=SI>4@
>RO&P_MA=!,ETON!@
Code_Aster
Version
default
C&M&L=!O&I!@
COE_R=0/"@
_ (CHAM_>$=SI>7@
C&M&L=!O&I!@"@"@"3
A 'ARINI=CREA_CHAMP (T%PE_CHAM=!EL>A_'ARI_R!@
A OPERATION=!ASSE!@
A MAILLA>E=MAIL@
A MO$ELE=MO4@
A ASSE=_ (CHAM_>$='AR4@
A >RO&P_MA= (,ETON@"@
A C&M&L=!O&I!@
A COE_R=0/"@
A ASSE=_ (CHAM_>$='AR7@
A >RO&P_MA= (SOL_REST@"@
A C&M&L=!O&I!@"@"3
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
A 5&ATRIEMME STAT NON LINE A
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
A <th PHASE = PRESENCE $ES SE>MENTS@
A $ECONINEMENT O <0 A 700G
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
RES&7=STAT_NON_LINE (1eCDe=RES&7@
MO$ELE=MO4@
CHAM_MATER=CHMAT4@
ONC_M&LT=0@"@
_ (CHAR>E=CH<7@"@"@
_ (RELATION=!ELAS!@
>RO&P_MA=!,ETON!@"@"@
ETAT_INIT=_ ($EPL=$EPINI@
SI>M=SI>INI@"@
INST_INIT=<00/@
INST_IN=7000/@"@
REAC_ITER=7@"@
ITER_>LO,_MA#I=<00@
ITER_INTE_MA#I=700@
PARM_THETA=0/<:@"3
RES&7=CALC_ELEM (1eCDe=RES&7@
MO$ELE=MO4@
CHAM_MATER=CHMAT4@
RES&LTAT=RES&7@"3
RES&7=CALC_NO (1eCDe=RES&7@
CHAM_MATER=CHMAT4@
Code_Aster
Version
default
RES&LTAT=RES&7"3
Code_Aster
Version
default
Titre : Comment creuser un tunnel : mthodologie dexcavat[...] Date : 29/0/20!! "age : #//#$
A PRINTIN> O THE RES&LTS IN ORMAT CASTEM
A OR 'IS&ALIEATION O THE ISO'ALE&RS
A IMPR_RES& (MO$ELE=MO4@
A RES&=_ (ORMAT=!CASTEM!@
A MAILLA>E=MAIL@
A RES&LTAT=RES&7@"@"3


A?????????????????????????????????????????????????
A?????????????????????????????????????????????????
NOE&$=!N7!@
RES&LTAT=RES&7@
NOM_CHAM=!$EPL!@
TO&T_OR$RE=!O&I!@
TO&T_CMP=!O&I!@
ICHIER=!RES&LTAT!@
ORMAT=!A>RA!@
NOM_PARA= (INST2@ $#2@ $%2@"@"3
A????????????????????????????????????????????????
A????????????????????????????????????????????????
NOE&$=!N7!@
RES&LTAT=RES&7@
TO&T_OR$RE=!O&I!@

ICHIER=!RES&LTAT!@
ORMAT=!A>RA!@
A????????????????????????????????????????????????????
A????????????????????????????????????????????????????

NOE&$=!N69<8!@
RES&LTAT=RES&7@
NOM_CHAM=!$EPL!@
TO&T_OR$RE=!O&I!@
TO&T_CMP=!O&I!@
Code_Aster
Version
default
ICHIER=!RES&LTAT!@
ORMAT=!A>RA!@
NOM_PARA= (INST2@ $#2@ $%2@"@"3

A???????????????????????????????????????????????????
A???????????????????????????????????????????????????
NOE&$=!N69<8!@
RES&LTAT=RES&7@
TO&T_OR$RE=!O&I!@

ICHIER=!RES&LTAT!@
ORMAT=!A>RA!@

A???????????????????????????????????????????
A???????????????????????????????????????????
>RO&P_NO=!NO_LET4!@
RES&LTAT=RES&7@
NOM_CHAM=!$EPL!@
INST= (<00"@
TO&T_CMP=!O&I!@
ICHIER=!RES&LTAT!@
ORMAT=!A>RA!@
A???????????????????????????????????????????
A???????????????????????????????????????????
>RO&P_NO=!NO_LET4!@
RES&LTAT=RES&7@
NOM_CHAM=!$EPL!@
INST= (7000"@
TO&T_CMP=!O&I!@

ICHIER=!RES&LTAT!@
ORMAT=!A>RA!@
Code_Aster
Version
default
Titre : Comment creuser un tunnel : mthodologie dexcavat[...] Date : 29/0/20!! "age : ##/#$
A????????????????????????????????????????????
A????????????????????????????????????????????
>RO&P_NO=!NO_LET4!@
RES&LTAT=RES&7@
INST= (<00"@

ICHIER=!RES&LTAT!@
ORMAT=!A>RA!@
A????????????????????????????????????????????
A????????????????????????????????????????????
>RO&P_NO=!NO_LET4!@
RES&LTAT=RES&7@
INST= (7000"@

ICHIER=!RES&LTAT!@
ORMAT=!A>RA!@

A???????????????????????????????????????????
A???????????????????????????????????????????
>RO&P_NO=!NO_,AS4!@
RES&LTAT=RES&7@
NOM_CHAM=!$EPL!@
INST= (<00"@
TO&T_CMP=!O&I!@
ICHIER=!RES&LTAT!@
ORMAT=!A>RA!@
A???????????????????????????????????????????
A???????????????????????????????????????????
>RO&P_NO=!NO_,AS4!@
RES&LTAT=RES&7@
NOM_CHAM=!$EPL!@
Code_Aster
Version
default
Titre : Comment creuser un tunnel : mthodologie dexcavat[...] Date : 29/0/20!! "age : #?/#$
INST= (7000"@
TO&T_CMP=!O&I!@
ICHIER=!RES&LTAT!@
ORMAT=!A>RA!@
A????????????????????????????????????????????
A????????????????????????????????????????????
>RO&P_NO=!NO_,AS4!@
RES&LTAT=RES&7@
INST= (<00"@

ICHIER=!RES&LTAT!@
ORMAT=!A>RA!@
A????????????????????????????????????????????
A????????????????????????????????????????????
>RO&P_NO=!NO_,AS4!@
RES&LTAT=RES&7@
INST= (7000"@

ICHIER=!RES&LTAT!@
ORMAT=!A>RA!@
IN ("3
Code_Aster
Version
default
Titre : Comment creuser un tunnel : mthodologie dexcavat[...] Date : 29/0/20!! "age : #$/#$
.nnexe DCom"arison of the stresses obtained by numerical
com"utation and the analytical solution
Cas of the tunnel nonconstant

Cas of the constant tunnel Ffrom =HI of dconfinementG

0volution des contraintes selon lJaxe vertical
-"(
-";
-0
-:
-*
-(
;
; ( * : 0 "; "( "*
rCR
C
o
n
t
r
a
i
n
t
e

F
'
!
a
G
Golution analytiBue #ontrainte radiale
Golution analytiBue #ontrainte orthoradiale
#alcul #ode$Aster #ontrainte radiale
#alcul #ode$Aster #ontrainte orthoradiale

U2 04 06 PDF

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Originalbeschreibung:

Originaltitel

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

U2 04 06 PDF

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Code_Aster

and radial displacement

;. -",:(- 8* =ne checks

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen