DZINE - Free copies, no adverts just design

Designing in Brick
Presented by:
Michael H Thomson
Design Advisor
World Nature Fund HQ,
Zeist,
Holland
Frank Gehry,
MARTa Museum
Herford, Germany
Is brick sustainable?
The UK Governments Sustainable Development Strategy, Securing the Future,
states the UK has four priority areas for immediate action.
Social Progress for all
Protection of the environment
Prudent use of Resources
Maintenance of economic growth.
Ibstock Brick achieves all four.
Sustainability
Sustainability
Embodied energy* MJ/kg
Bricks (facing) 8.2
Aerated Blocks 3.5
Steel 24.4
Timber (general) 8.5
Plywood 15.0
Glue Lam timber 11.0
Glass 15.0
Polyurethane Insulation 72.1
* Figures from University of Bath (SERT)
CO
2
per m of bricks 28kg
150 year life equivalent to ~ 0.18 kg CO
2
m per year
Sustainability
Recycling and Demolition
MARSS: Materials from Alternative Recycled and Secondary Sources
Ibstock recycled content > 12%
Including recovered water ~ 15%
Brick industry average about 10%
Brick can have over 90% recycled content
Sustainability
Clay masonry has very low maintenance rates.
Survey of 860+ properties
Built from 1345 1992
First re-pointing: 74 162 years
Area re-pointed within 150 years: 2 10 %
Typical masonry replacement rates: > 150 years
Recent BDA figures suggest even better long term performance 500 years
Sustainability
Code for Sustainable Homes
Launched in 2006
National standard replacing Ecohomes ratings.
All new homes need to be Carbon Neutral by 2016
Achievable with brick
Ibstock has achieved corporate registration under
1BES 6001 for all products at all factories. The rating
1of Very Good is the highest in the brick industry. This
1will give extra points for Ibstock products assessed by
1the Code
The registration body CPC said to me that "Ibstock was
1one of the best companies they had ever visited"
Sustainability
The Green Guide
1. Brick Manufacture
City Mission
Glasgow
Elder & Cannon
Handmades
Moulded Stocks
Waterstruck
Extruded Wirecuts - 70% Extruded
- 30% Moulded
1. Brick Manufacture
1. Brick Manufacture
Handmade
1. Brick Manufacture
Moulded Stock
Simulated Handmade
1. Brick Manufacture
Moulded Stock
1. Brick Manufacture
Extruded Wirecut
1. Brick manufacture
Waterstruck
2. Finishes & Appearance
2. Finishes & Appearance
Stretcher
Extruded Wirecut Moulded
Header
Frog
Perforation
Bed
Stretcher
Header
Arris
Bed
2. Finishes & Appearance
Extruded Wirecut Textures
Smooth
Sandfaced
Extruded Wirecut - Smooth
2. Finishes & Appearance
Extruded Wirecut Textures
Wirecut or Dragfaced
Rusticated
2. Finishes & Appearance
Wirecut or
Dragfaced
Rusticated
Extruded Wirecut
Rusticated
Extruded Wirecut
Belt or Roller Creased
2. Finishes & Appearance
Moulded Textures
Handmade
Simulated Handmade
Handmade
2. Finishes & Appearance
Moulded Textures
Standard Moulded
Waterstruck
Moulded Standard Moulded
Moulded - Waterstruck
2. Finishes & Appearance
3. Bonds
Projecting Flemish bond Honeycomb bond
Morehampton Road,
Dublin
TAKA Architects
Common Bonds
English Garden Wall Bond
Flemish Bond
English Bond
Stretcher Bond
3. Bonds
3. Bonds
English Garden Wall Bond
English Bond
Stretcher Bond
3. Bonds
Stack bond
Architects own bond
Header Bond
3. Bonds
Flemish bond
Olympic Substation
London
NORD Architects
3. Bonds
Flemish
Projecting
3. Bonds
Honeycomb bond
3. Bonds
Mosque, Amsterdam Hair Salon, Belfast
3. Brickwork Bonds
Mario Botta
Evry Cathedral
3. Brickwork Bonds
4. Innovation
4.Innovation
5 Natural colours
Blue Red Cream
Grey Ochre
3 textures
Textured Riven Lined
Textured Riven Lined
Technical Properties
F2 (Frost Resistant)
S2 (Low Soluble Salts)
Vertically perforated
Crushing strength greater than 60N/mm
(Class B - 75N/mm)
Less than 8% water absorption
(Class B - 7%)
Weight of Dry Units
215 x 215 x 102mm 7.4 Kg
327 x 215 x 102mm 11 Kg
440 x 215 x 102mm 13.8 Kg
490 x 190 x 102mm 13.6 Kg
7N Concrete Block 20 Kg
4. Innovation
Fireborn
490 x 115mm,
Leatherhead.
4.Innovation
Firebor
4.Innovation
Fireborn Twinblock
Linear
4. Innovation
Linear 440 x 65 or 50mm
Frank Lloyd Wright Robie House 295 x 42mm
Linear
327x50mm
Dulwich
Swimming Pool, Glasgow
6 standard Vibrant colours
Standard Brick Range
BS Shapes
Available ex-stock, glazed on stretcher
and stretcher-header
BS standard shapes available
Swansea, Park & Ride
Killorglin
RAL colours
Technical Properties
Finish Fired on glaze
Standard Size 215 x 65 x 102
Tolerances T2 R2
Durability F2 (S2)
Compressive strength 125 N/mm (Class A)
Water Absorption 4.5 % (Class A)
Dry Unit Weight 2.7 Kg
5. New ideas
6. Mortar
Guard Station
Leixlip
Dublin
6. Mortar
Mortar jointing is a total
of 17.5% of stretcher
bond brickwork it does
effect the appearance!
6. Mortar
Coloured Mortar
BS 5628-1:2005 Table 1 - Masonry Mortars
Now Eurocode 6; BS EN 1996-1-2:2005
Mortar
Designation
Compressive
Strength
Class
Prescribed Mortars (proportion of materials by volume)
Increasing
ability to
accommodate
movement,
e.g. due to
settlement,
temperature
and moisture
changes
Cement : lime :
sand with or
without air
entrainment
Cement :
sand with or
without air
entrainment
Masonry
cement :
sand
Masonry
cement : sand
(i) M12 1 : 0 to : 3 - - -
(ii) M6 1 : : 4 to 4 1 : 3 to 4 1 : 2 to 3 1 : 3
(iii) M4 1 : 1 : 5 to 6 1 : 5 to 6 1 : 4 to 5 1 : 3 to 4
(iv) M2 1 : 2 : 8 to 9 1 : 7 to 8 1 : 5 to 6 1 : 4
6. Mortar
Applications
Coping Class (i)
Parapet Class (ii)
External leaf Class (iii)
Below DPC level - Class (i)
Coping Class (i)
Wall Class (ii)
DPC & Below - Class (i)
6. Mortar
6. Mortar
Flush
Bucket Handle
Square Recessed
Weather Struck
6. Mortar
Common joint profiles
6. Mortar
Flush Recessed
7. Durability
McNeil Street,
Glasgow
JM Architects
Freeze / thaw tests
7. Durability
7. Durability
BS EN 771-1:2003
F2 S2 - Severe Exposure/Active Soluble Salt Content (Prolonged saturation)
F2 S1 - Severe Exposure/Active Soluble Salt Content (Normal exposure)
F1 S2 - Moderate Exposure/Active Soluble Salt Content (Prolonged saturation)
F1 S1 - Moderate Exposure/Active Soluble Salt Content (Normal exposure)
7. Durability
Durability Designations
Applications
*FI applicable to
South East of England
Coping F2
Parapet F2
External leaf F2 or F1*
Below DPC level F2
Capping F2
Wall F2 or
sometimes F1*
DPC & Below F2
7. Durability
Exposure Zones for Wind
Driven Rain
BS 8104:1992
Code of Practice for Assessing
Exposure of Walls to Wind Driven
Rain
BS 5628-3:2005
Code of Practice for Use of Masonry
Extract from BRE Publication
7. Durability
7. Setting Out
Ordnance Survey
HQ
Southampton
65
7. Setting Out
Metric Brick Dimensions
Brick coordinating size - metric bricks
Horizontally Vertically
7. Setting Out
Horizontally brick or brick & a half
665 665 665 1135 1135
Piers
(3x215) + (2x10)
or
215 + (2x225)
= 665mm
Window opening
(5x215)+(6x10)
or
(5x225) + 10
= 1135mm
7. Setting Out
Brick coordinating sizes
Brick coordinating sizes
Horizontally - brick or brick & a half
7. Setting Out
Brick coordinating sizes
Vertically full brick
Height =
No of courses + 10mm
thus
(30x75)+10 = 2260mm
2
2
6
0
m
m
7. Setting Out
Vertically full bricks
Brick coordinating sizes
7. Setting Out
1
8. Drawings
Dalziel St,
Motherwell
Collective Architecture
BS 1192 Recommendations: All dimensions in millimetres
Dimension figure should be above the dimension line.
675 Correct
675mm
675.5
0.675
Unnecessary
Wrong
Unnecessary
9. Drawings
Poor
Lack of dimensions
Wall thicknesses
Every corner
Internal walls
Movement joints
Grid relationships
Room names
Not brick modular sizes
No hatching to show materials
9. Drawings
Good
9. Drawings
All dimensions shown
All wall thicknesses given
Every corner located
Internal walls located
Movement joints shown
Grid relationships stated
Room names listed
brickwork in modular sizes
Graphics hatching to show
oimaterials
Hatching:
Based upon the
Recommendations
of BS1192
9. Drawings
10. DPCs & Weepholes
Old Rutherglen Road,
Glasgow
Collective Architecture
Rising damp prevention Horizontal damp prevention
DPC
DPC
DPC (Projects a min.
25mm into cavity
10. DPCs & Weepholes
Plan at Window Reveal Section at GL
10. DPCs & Weepholes
DPC 150mm above Ground Level
10. DPCs & Weepholes
DPC 150mm above Ground Level
100mm minimum lap
DPCs at Sills
10. DPCs & Weepholes
Stop End
100mm lap and sealed
Horizontal Cavity Tray
Vertical DPC
DPCs at Heads
10. DPCs & Weepholes
Stop End with 100mm
Lap and sealed
Cavity Tray
Stop End with 100mm
Lap and sealed
10. DPCs & Weepholes
Weepholes @ 900mm centres
Minimum 2No. over every opening
Parapet Wall
Weathered coping
Continuous dpc in
widened joint with
rigid dpc support
Weepholes @
900mm c/c
Cavity tray
Cavity min. 50mm
Widen joints to
accommodate mortar,
lapped cavity tray &
flashing
Pre-cut chase
In brick
10. DPCs & Weepholes
11. Wall Ties
Cumbernauld Road
Glasgow
JM Architects
Why do we need wall ties?
11. Wall Ties
BS 5628-3:2005
Austenitic stainless steel recommended for external leaf of cavity walls
11. Wall Ties
11. Wall Ties
Minimum 50mm embedment in each leaf
50mm minimum
11. Wall Ties
Wrong, not sloping inwards. Correct, level or sloping outwards
11. Wall Ties
BS 5628-3:2005
Figure A.4
Spacing of Wall Ties
Additional ties required at
both sides of all openings
11. Wall Ties
12. Movement
Building B
Cube,
Birmingham
Causes of Movement
Temperature changes
Moisture content variation
Chemical action
Deflection under loads
Ground movement / settlement
BS 5628-3:2005 Clause 5.4.1.1
12. Movement
Comparative movement of 10m lengths of materials
0
Lengthening Shortening
Clay Brickwork
Calcium Silicate Brickwork
Concrete Blockwork
Reinforced
Concrete Frame
Timber Frame
10 5 0 5 10 mm
4
5 6
5
5
5
6
6
5
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
Up to 20mm 6 based on 1m length across grain
1
Elastic shortening
2
Creep
3
Drying Shrinkage
4
Moisture Expansion
5
Thermal movement for 60 C
6
Moisture Movement
3
1
2
12. Movement
Tension Failure Compression Failure
12. Movement
Solar gain
N
E W
Open vented cavity
Full fill insulation in cavity
12. Movement
Vertical movement joint spacing
BS 5628-3:2005 Clause 5.4.2.3.2
10m design
12m maximum
12. Movement
Vertical movement joint spacing
Unrestrained masonry
BS 5628-3:2005 Clause 5.4.1.1
12m
6m
3m
6m
3m
3m
3m
Slip plane
3m
3m 3m 3m
3m
6m 6m
Freestanding Wall
Parapet
12. Movement
Geometry Of Wall - Short Returns
BS 5628-3:2005 Clause 5.4.2.3.4
Position of
likely cracks
Long length
Long length
Compression type joint
acting in sliding manner
Long length
Long length
Compression type joint
Approx 1-2m
Approx 1-2m
Long length
Long length
MJ
MJ
12. Movement
12. Movement
Short Returns
12.Movement Joints
Horizontal movement joint spacing
Second Floor
First Floor
Detail X
Detail X
Movement
Ground Floor
Movement
joint below
angle
BS 5628-3:2005 Clause 25.3.2
Sealant
Cavity Tie
225 max 225 max
Cavity Ties
12. Movement Joints
Construction
Compressible
foam filler
12. Movement
13.Specials
Dolben Street
London
Association of Ideas
13.Specials
Manufactured
A SPECIAL SHAPE IS A
BRICK THAT HAS
DIFFERENT DIMENSIONS
TO THOSE OF A
STANDARD FACING
BRICK
13.Specials
Manufactured
SPECIAL SHAPES CAN
BE USED TO ACHIEVE
ANGLES IN BRICKWORK
AS WELL AS CREATE
DECORATIVE FEATURES
AND DESIGNS!
13.Specials
Manufactured
Internal angle
(Dog Leg)
External angle
(Dog Leg)
13.Specials
Manufactured
Plinth Stretcher
Just remember when you know the basics
brickwork is childs play
Design and Technical advice
is available free from Ibstocks
Design Advisory Service
www.ibstock.com
6. Inspirational
Pinderfields
Hospital
Wakefield
6. Inspirational
Apartments
Herberton,
Dublin
6. Inspirational
Private Housing
Dartford,
Kent
6. Inspirational
Rhondda Hospital
Llanapia,
South Glamorgan
6. Inspirational
Fitzwilliam
College,
Cambridge
6. Inspirational
Solihull
School,
West Midlands
6. Inspirational
Hemmingthorpe
School,
Rotherham
6. Inspirational
The Hive,
Manchester
6. Inspirational
Linwood,
Renfrewshire.
Collective Architecture
6. Inspirational
Public Housing
Dublin
6. Inspirational
Recycling Centre,
Isle of Bute.
Collective Architecture
6. Inspirational
Health Centre,
New Cross,
London
6. Inspirational
Housing,
Old Rutherglen Road, Glasgow.
Collective Architecure
6. Inspirational
Campbell Park,
Milton Keynes
6. Inspirational
Bear Lane,
London
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