Down Syndrome Facts

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Introduction
Down syndrome is a condition due to genes. There becomes
some difference in the genes of a person who suffers from
this condition.
John Langdon Down described this condition in 1866. Thats
why it is also known as Downs Syndrome and medically
Trisomy 21
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Down Syndrome Is a Genetic Condition
In humans there are 23 pairs of chromosomes (total 46). Children
having Down Syndrome born with an extra chromosome. There is a
replica of one of there chromosomes.
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Types of Down Syndrome
There are three major type of Down Syndrome
1. Trisomy 21
2. Translocation
3. Mosaic
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Trisomy 21
In medicine, the term for having an extra chromosome
is trisomy. In Trisomy 21, people with Down syndrome have
an extra copy of chromosome 21, and so the condition is
officially known as Trisomy 21.
The majority of people with Down syndrome suffer from
Trisomy 21. They have three copies of chromosome 21,
instead of two copies. 95% of all people with Down syndrome
have this type of Down syndrome.
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Translocation
2% to 3% of patients of Down Syndrome have Translocation Down
syndrome. In this case the extra chromosome 21 completely or its
part leaves its own place and attaches itself to another
chromosome. So the term translocation.
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Mosaic
Only 2% to 3% of Down Syndromes patients have Mosaic Down
Syndrome. In this case all cells are not affected by trisomy 21. Cells
with only two copies of chromosome 21 can also be found in this
type of down syndrome patients.
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Results of an Extra Chromosome
An extra chromosome destroys the correct sequence of
chromosomes in which they are translated for different
traits. So, traits do not synchronize with physical parts due
to incorrect sequence.
Each of the three types of Down syndrome can result in
different symptoms for the person with the condition.
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Results of an Extra Chromosome
Chromosomes control the cells that form our skin, bones and other
parts of our body. For people with Down syndrome, these cells have
errors in their chromosomes. These errors have an impact on
the way the skin, bones, eyes and other parts of the body are
formed.
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Results of an Extra Chromosome.
What can be seen?
People with Down Syndrome can have
Flattened face
Short neck
Tongue that hangs out of their mouth
Small hands, feet or ears.
Almond shaped, slanted upward eyes with white spots in irises
Usually short in height
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Results of an Extra Chromosome.
What can not be seen?
Sometimes the people having Down Syndrome can not be
recognized instantly but later on one finds that they are
Slower to speak
Have difficulty in forming complex words & sentences
Problem in hearing and vision
Defect in internal organs specially in heart
Many people with Down syndrome live relatively normal
lives. They work, have friends, and have many of the same
life experiences as those without the condition.
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What Causes Down Syndrome?
What causes Down Syndrome is still unknown.
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What Causes Down Syndrome?
What is known?
Women who are older than 35 years are more likely to give
birth to a child with Down Syndrome
Down Syndrome is present at the time of conception or in
the early development of embryo
mothers egg is source of the extra chromosome in 90% of
the cases; In 4% of the cases, the fathers sperm is the
cause and, in the remaining cases, the error occurs during
the embryos growth
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How to Diagnose Down Syndrome
during pregnancy
There are a number of ways to test for Down syndrome during
pregnancy.
screening tests tell a woman whether or not her baby is at risk for
Down syndrome.
testing for DNA fragments from the baby in the mothers blood,
testing the amniotic fluid that surrounds the baby in the womb,
testing the material in the placenta.
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How to Diagnose Down Syndrome
after birth
After birth;
a doctor examines the baby for any visible signs of Down
syndrome.
a blood test can be taken directly from the baby. This test will
reveal whether or not the extra chromosome 21 is present.
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Lives of People with Down Syndrome
Some live normal lives, despite the challenges presented by their
condition. They live by themselves and work in regular jobs.
They have shorter lives than normal people. Average life is 50 to
60 years with good health care.
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Society and Down Syndrome
In the early 1900s, many people with Down syndrome were forced
to live in group homes or care facilities. These facilities were often
mental institutions where people with Down syndrome were forced
to live with people who were psychotic or otherwise mentally ill.
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Society and Down Syndrome
In the 1950s and 1960s, some groups emerged that began to
advocate for the fair treatment of people with Down Syndrome.
They sought to support the families of people with Down syndrome
and to better educate the public on the condition.
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Conclusion
To support people who have Down Syndrome, it is very
important for common people to know and learn about it.
Teaching to kids this syndrome is more important.
When we teach kids Down syndrome facts, we can also help
them to be more sensitive to their peers who have this
condition. One of the Down syndrome facts is that this
condition poses a challenge to the people who have it and
the families that support them
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Thanks
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