2014-15

Solution Set
K13 Power System Modeling and Analysis-Test I - Max.marks=50; Time- 90 mins
PART - A 5 marks
A1. What are the components of power system? (2)

Generators, Transformers, Transmission lines, Compensators, and Loads

A2. What is the equation used to convert the p.u. impedance expressed in one base to another. (2)



A3. Expand the abbreviation ULTC (1)

Under Load Tap Changing
PART-B 15 marks
B1. Obtain the z and y-parameters for the network which operating at =100 rad/sec. (8)


Impedances




Admittances
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B2. Draw the equivalent circuit of a single phase transformer and explain. (7)


PART-C 30 marks
C1. (a) A single phase transformer rate 1.2 kV/120 V, 7.2 KVA has the following winding parameters
r
1
=0.8 , x
1
=1.2 , r
2
=0.01 and x
2
=0.01 . Determine the voltage regulation of the transformer when
it is delivering 7.2 kVA to a load at 120 V and 0.8 power-factor lagging. (6)

Turns ratio, a = 10
R1 = 0.8 + a
2
x 0.01 = 1.8
X1 = 1.2 + a
2
x 0.01 = 2.2
So, Z1= 1.8+j 2.2

I2(fl) = Magnitude of (S2/V2) -
= ( 7200/120)-36.9 = 60-36.9 Amps

I1(fl) = I2 (fl)/a = 6-36.9 Amps

a V2(fl) = 1200 Volts

V1(fl) = a V2(fl) + I1(fl) * Z1 = 1216.57-0.19 volts

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V2(fl)= 120 Volts

V2(nl) = V1(fl)/a = 121.66 Volts

Regulation = 1.38%


(b) A 60 Hz three phase transmission is 175 km long. It has a total series impedance of 35+j140
and a shunt admittance of 930x10
-6
S. It delivers 40MW at 220kV, with 90% power factor lagging. Find
the sending end voltage by the long-line equation. (9)

I
R
= 40000/(3 x 220 x 0.9) = 116.6 -25.84 A
Zc = (144.375.96 / 930x10
-6
90)
= 394.-7.02 Ohms
l = 0.3663 83.0

cosh l = 0.9354 + j 0.0160

sinh l = 0.0419 + j 0.3565

Vs= 1301536.5 V per phase
Vs= 225.46.5 V

OR
C2. (a) A single-phase ac voltage of 240 V is applied to a series circuit whose impedance is 10 60
o

Find R, X, P, Q and the power factor of the circuit. (6)

I = V/Z = 24 -60 A 24 A at 0.5 lagging pf
R = 5 and X = 8.66
P= 2880 Watts and Q = 4988.306 VAr

(b) Three identical single-phase transformers, each rated 1.2kV/120V, 7.2kVA and having a
leakage reactance of 0.05 p.u, are connected together to form a three-phase bank. A balanced Y-
connected load of 5 per phase is connected across the secondary of the bank. Determine the Y-
equivalent per phase impedance (in ohms and in per unit) seen from the primary side when the
transformer bank is connected - (9)


Base impedance = 1200 sqaure / (7200x3) = 66.67 ohms
|VLL| = 1200 V
R
L
= 5 x square of (1200/120) = 500 ohms
X
l
= 66.67 x 0.05 = 3.33 ohms

Z
L
= 500 + j 3.33 ohms

C3. (a) Let a 5-kVA, 400/200-V transformer be approximately represented by a 2 reactance referred
to the low-voltage side. (i) Considering the rated values as base quantities, express the transformer
reactance as a per-unit quantity. (ii) Repeat the determination, expressing all quantities in terms of the
high-voltage side. (6)
(i) Base VA = 5000 VA and Base voltage = 200 V
Base current = 25 A
Base impedance = 8 ohms

p.u referring to LV side = 2/8 = 0.25

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(ii) Base VA = 5000 VA and Base voltage = 400 V
Base current = 12.5 A
Base impedance = 32 ohms
The transformer reactance referred to HV = 2(400/200)
2
= 8 ohms

p.u referring to HV side = 8/32 = 0.25


(b) Obtain the nodal admittance matrices for each branch and then determine Y-bus for the
network represented by the reactance diagram as below. Assume a mutual impedance of j0.2 between
the branches (1)-(2) and (3)-(r). (9)


1, r -j0.833

1,2 and 3,r

-j5.77 j5.77 j0.77
j5.77 -j5.77 -j0.77
j0.77 -j0.77 -j0.77

1,3
-j3.33 j3.33
j3.33 -j3.33

2,3

-j6.67 j6.67
j6.67 -j6.67


Y bus
-j 9.933 j5.77 j4.1
j5.77 -j12.44 j5.9
j4.1 j5.9 -j10.77

OR
C4. (a) Explain the modeling of synchronous machine and loads. (6)
(b) For the given short transmission line of impedance 0.3+j0.4 ohms per phase, the receiving-end
voltage is 6351 V per phase .If the regulation is not to exceed 5%, find the maximum power that can be
transmitted over the line. (9)

Vr = 6351 Volts
5% regulation implies Vs=6668.55 V

The maximum power that can be transmitted = 36.3 MW/phase