- Once hostilities started in 1775, how did the Continental Congress finance the war effort?

Why couldnt the Congress levy taxes?

That power was vested into the states
AoC
Why was it difficult for them to get the states to meet their requisitions?

The Articles of Confederation were not ratified until 1781, did these solve the problem?

Why did the Articles leave so much latitude to the states?
Why did it take four years to ratify the Articles of Confederation?
Which level of the government had more power under the Articles: the states or the Federal
Government?
Land
- Which were some of the difficulties (ideological, economic or regional) that Americans had to
face when dealing with the distribution of land during the expansion to the West and the
discussion of the Northwest Ordinances?
How was land distributed?
Why public auctions were not as efficient in practice as predicted in theory?
Which were the impacts of western expansion over migration, economic growth, distribution of
income between workers and land owners,
wages and land rents according to Fogel and Rutners model?
Scarcity of labor when the ration increase makes it so the migration goes to the west. The income
- How did the Constitution remedy the main weaknesses in the Articles of Confederation?
What happened to the power to tax, the power to raise a standing army, the power to regulate the
currency, and the power to regulate international relations?
How did the states protect themselves against the encroachment of national authority?
Which elements of the Constitution protected individuals against potential abuses of the
government?
beard
- Charles Beard hypothesized that the Constitution was affected by economic interests.
How might the interests of national government bondholders, slave owners, or merchants be
affected by a stronger national government?
How does McGuire test Beards hypothesis? Did the votes at the national convention or in the
state legislature reflect their economic interests?
Malthus
- How does birth and deaths relate to income in the Malthusian model?
Why do income per capita and population have a negative relationship in the Malthusian model?
Were the underlying hypothesis of the Malthusian model readily applicable to the American
economy?
Why or why not?
Can incomes in the Malthusian model be kept above the subsistence level in the medium and
long run?
Which forces determine subsistence income in the Malthusian model?
Population growth
- What was the rate of population growth in the colonial period?

What was the crude birth rate?
The crude death rate?
The rate of immigration?
How did these demographic indicators evolve between 1790 and 1860? Which factors explain
the evolution of crude birth and death rates in
the US between 1790 and 1860?
Whats the difference between push and pull factors in international migration? Which factors
influenced internal migration from East to West in the US?
And international migration to the US in the 1840s?
How is the Utah case different from the rest of the country when explaining the factors that
determined internal and/or international
migration to the Salt Lake Valley?
Where did most of the early migrants come from?
What was the ratio of European Americans and African Americans in the population in 1790?
Why were the numbers so different?
Callender
- What is the main source of economic growth in Callender's paper?
Access to markets and trade
Did the US have a laisser faire economy?
Nah they had a mixed economy
What was produced in the three regions in which Callender divides the US?
South toacco north west
Why did the regions specialized in those products?
Type and quanitity of land
Why were public investment in transportation and banking important in Callenders framework?
K2 access to markets which was key to comparative advantage and speacialization
Why private initiative did not carried out these investments in transportation or banks?
The federal governemtn had the right over the highway and currency creation
Which project showed first the profitability of investing in canals in the northeast?
Erie canal