The Nobel Prize in Physics 2014

Photo: Yasuo Nakamura/Meijo University

Isamu Akasaki
Isamu Akasaki ( Akasaki Isamu
?
, born January 30, 1929) is a Japanese scientist and Nobel
Prize laureate, known for inventing the bright gallium nitride (GaN) p-n junction blue LED in 1989
and subsequently the high-brightness GaN blue LED as well
Prize share: 1/3

Photo: Nagoya University
Hiroshi Amano
Hiroshi Amano ( Amano Hiroshi
?
, born September 11, 1960) is a Japanese physicist who
was awarded the 2014 Nobel Prize in Physics together with Isamu Akasaki and Shuji Nakamura for
"the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving
white light sources"
Prize share: 1/3

Ill. N. Elmehed.
Shuji Nakamura
Shuji Nakamura ( Nakamura Shji
?
, born May 22, 1954) is a Japanese-American
professor at the Materials Department of the College of Engineering, University of California, Santa
Barbara (UCSB),
[5]
and is regarded as the inventor of the blue LED, a major breakthrough in lighting
technology.
[6]
Together with Isamu Akasaki and Hiroshi Amano, he was one of the three recipients of
the 2014 Nobel Prize for Physics "for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes, which has
enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources".
Prize share: 1/3
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2014 was awarded jointly to Isamu Akasaki, Hiroshi Amano
and Shuji Nakamura "for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has
enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources".
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2014

Photo: Matt Staley/HHMI
Eric Betzig
Robert Eric Betzig (born January 13, 1960) is an American physicist based at the Janelia Farm
Research Campus in Ashburn, Virginia.
[2]
He was awarded the 2014 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for
"the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy"
[3]
along with Stefan Hell and William E.
Moerner.
Prize share: 1/3

Bernd Schuller, Max-Planck-Institut
Stefan W. Hell
Stefan Walter Hell (born 23 December 1962) is a Romanian-born German physicist and one of the
directors of the Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry in Gttingen, Germany.
[1]
He received
the Kavli Prize in Nanoscience in 2014 for transformative contributions to the field of nano-optics
that have broken long-held beliefs about the limitations of the resolution limits of optical microscopy
and imaging, together with Thomas Ebbesen, and Sir John Pendry and received the Nobel Prize in
Chemistry in 2014 "for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy", together
with Eric Betzig and William Moerner.
[2]

Prize share: 1/3

Photo: K. Lowder via Wikimedia Commons, CC-BY-SA-3.0
William E. Moerner
William Esco Moerner (born June 24, 1953) is an American physical chemist and chemical
physicist with current work in thebiophysics and imaging of single molecules. He is credited with
achieving the first optical detection and spectroscopy of a single molecule in condensed phases,
along with his postdoc, Lothar Kador.
[1][2]
Optical study of single molecules has subsequently become
a widely used single-molecule experiment in chemistry, physics and biology.
[3]
In 2014 he was
awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Prize share: 1/3
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2014 was awarded jointly to Eric Betzig, Stefan W. Hell and
William E. Moerner "for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy".

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
2014

Photo: David Bishop, UCL
John O'Keefe
John O'Keefe, FRS FMedSci (born 18 November 1939) is an American-British neuroscientist and
a professor at the Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and the Department of Anatomy (University
College London). He is known for his discovery of place cells in the hippocampus and his discovery
that they show temporal coding in the form of theta phase precession. In 2014, he received the Kavli
Prize in Neuroscience "for the discovery of specialized brain networks for memory and cognition",
together with Brenda Milnerand Marcus Raichle. He shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or
Medicine in 2014 together with May-Britt Moser and Edvard Moser.
Prize share: 1/2

Photo: G. Mogen/NTNU
May-Britt Moser
May-Britt Moser (born 4 January 1963) is a Norwegian psychologist, neuroscientist, and founding
director of the Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for the Biology of Memory at
the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) inTrondheim, Norway.
Moser and her husband, Edvard, have pioneered research on the brain's mechanism for
representing space. The Mosers were appointed associate professors in psychology and
neuroscience at NTNU in 1996, less than one year after their Ph.D defenses. They established The
Centre for the Biology of Memory (CBM) in 2002 and the Kavli Institute, the fifteenth in the world and
the fourth in neuroscience, in 2007.
May-Britt Moser and Edvard Moser shared the 2014 Nobel prize in Physiology or Medicine with John
O'Keefe.
[1]
The prize was awarded for work identifying the cells that make up the positioning system
in the brain.

Prize share: 1/4

Photo: G. Mogen/NTNU
Edvard I. Moser
Edvard Ingjald Moser (born 27 April 1962) is a Norwegian psychologist, neuroscientist, and
institute director of the Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural
Computation at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) inTrondheim, Norway.
He currently is based at the Max Planck Institute for Neurobiology near Munich, Germany as a
visiting researcher.
[1]

Moser and his wife, May-Britt Moser, were appointed associate professors in psychology and
neuroscience at NTNU in 1996. They were instrumental in the establishment of the Centre for the
Biology of Memory (CBM) in 2002 and the Institute for Systems Neuroscience in 2007, and have
pioneered research on the brain's mechanism for representing space.
Moser has won several prizes, many together with his wife, including the Louisa Gross Horwitz
Prize, and the Karl Spencer Lashley Award. In 2014 they shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or
Medicine with John O'Keefe. Moser also became a foreign associate of the United States National
Academy of Sciences in 2014. The prize was awarded for work identifying the cells that make up the
positioning system in the brain.

Prize share: 1/4
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2014 was divided, one half awarded to John
O'Keefe, the other half jointly to May-Britt Moser and Edvard I. Moser "for their
discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain".
The Nobel Prize in Literature 2014

Photo: Catherine Hlie, Courtesy Ed. Gallimard
Patrick Modiano
"Modiano" redirects here. For other uses, see Modiano (disambiguation).
Patrick Modiano
Born
Jean Patrick Modiano
30 July 1945 (age 69)
Boulogne-Billancourt, France
Occupation
Novelist
Language
French
Nationality
France
Genre
Novels
Notable
awards
Grand Prix du roman de l'Acadmie
franaise (1972)
Prix Goncourt (1978)
Prix mondial Cino Del Duca(2010)
Austrian State Prize for European
Literature (2012)
Nobel Prize in Literature (2014)
Spouse
Dominique Zehrfuss
Children
Zina Modiano
Marie Modiano
Jean Patrick Modiano (French pronunciation:

patik mdjano; born 30 July 1945) is

a French novelist and recipient of the 2014Nobel Prize in Literature. He previously won the
2012 Austrian State Prize for European Literature, the 2010 Prix mondial Cino Del Duca from
the Institut de France for lifetime achievement, the 1978 Prix Goncourt for Rue des boutiques
obscures, and the 1972Grand Prix du roman de l'Acadmie franaise for Les Boulevards de
ceinture. His works have been translated into more than 30 languages and have been celebrated in
and around France,
[1]
though only a few
[quantify]
were in circulation in English when he was awarded the
Nobel Prize.
[citation needed]


Prize share: 1/1
The Nobel Prize in Literature 2014 was awarded to Patrick Modiano"for the art of memory
with which he has evoked the most ungraspable human destinies and uncovered the life-
world of the occupation".
The Nobel Peace Prize 2014

Ill. N. Elmehed. Nobel Media 2014
Kailash Satyarthi
Kailash Satyarthi (Hindi: , Hindi pronunciation: kla st jarti, born 11 January 1954) is
an Indian child right activist and a global frontrunner against child labour.
[5][7]
He founded
the Bachpan Bachao Andolan (lit. Save the Childhood Movement) in 1980 and has acted to protect
the rights of more than 83,000 children from 144 countries.
[8][9]
It is largely because of Satyarthi's
work and activism that the International Labour Organization adopted Convention No. 182 on the
worst forms of child labour, which is now a principal guideline for governments around the world.
[7]

His work is recognized through various national and international honours and awards including
the Nobel Peace Prize of 2014, which he shared with Malala Yousafzai.
[10]


Prize share: 1/2

Photo: Claude Truong-Ngoc/Wikimedia Commons
Malala Yousafzai
On 10 October 2014, Yousafzai was announced as the co-recipient of the 2014 Nobel Peace
Prize for her struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all
children to education. At age 17, Yousafzai is the youngest-ever Nobel Prize
laureate.
[12][13][14]
Yousafzai shared the prize with Kailash Satyarthi, a children's rights activist
from India.
[15]
She is the second Pakistani to receive a Nobel Prize and the only Pakistani winner of
the Nobel Peace Prize; Abdus Salam was a 1979 Physics laureate.
Prize share: 1/2
The Nobel Peace Prize 2014 was awarded jointly to Kailash Satyarthi and Malala
Yousafzai "for their struggle against the suppression of children and young people and
for the right of all children to education"
The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic
Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2014

Photo Studio Tchiz/TSE
Jean Tirole
Jean Tirole (born 9 August 1953) is a French professor of economics. He focuses on industrial
organization, game theory, banking and finance, and economics and psychology. In 2014 he was
awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for his analysis of market
power and regulation in natural monopolies and oligopoly.
[1]

Prize share: 1/1
The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2014 was
awarded to Jean Tirole "for his analysis of market power and regulation".
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The winner of the 2014 Man Booker Prize for Fiction is...
14 October 2014

Richard Flanagan is tonight, Tuesday 14 October, announced as the winner of the 2014
Man Booker Prize for Fiction for The Narrow Road to the Deep North, published by
Chatto & Windus.
The Tasmanian-born author is the third Australian to win the coveted prize which, for
the first time in its 46-year history, is now expanded to include entries from writers of all
nationalities, writing originally in English and published in the UK. He joins an
impressive literary canon of former winners including fellow Australians Thomas
Kenneally (Schindlers Ark, 1982) and Peter Carey (Oscar & Lucinda, 1988 and The
True History of the Kelly Gang, 2001).
The Narrow Road to the Deep North is the sixth novel from Richard Flanagan, who is
considered by many to be one of Australias finest novelists. It centres upon the
experiences of surgeon Dorrigo Evans in a Japanese POW camp on the now infamous
Thailand-Burma railway. The Financial Times calls it elegantly wrought, measured and
without an ounce of melodrama nothing short of a masterpiece.
Named after a famous Japanese book by the haiku poet Basho, The Narrow Road to
the Deep North is described by the 2014 judges as a harrowing account of the cost of
war to all who are caught up in it. Questioning the meaning of heroism, the book
explores what motivates acts of extreme cruelty and shows that perpetrators may be as
much victims as those they abuse. Flanagans father, who died the day he finished The
Narrow Road to the Deep North, was a survivor of the Burma Death Railway.
Richard Flanagan was announced as the 2014 winner by AC Grayling, Chair of judges,
at an awards dinner at Londons Guildhall, which was broadcast live on the BBC News
Channel. Flanagan was presented with a trophy from HRH The Duchess of Cornwall
and a 50,000 cheque from Emmanuel Roman, Chief Executive of Man Group. The
investment management firm has sponsored the prize since 2002.
AC Grayling comments: The two great themes from the origin of literature are love and
war: this is a magnificent novel of love and war. Written in prose of extraordinary
elegance and force, it bridges East and West, past and present, with a story of guilt and
heroism.
This is the book that Richard Flanagan was born to write.
In addition to his 50,000 prize and trophy, Flanagan also receives a designer bound
edition of his book, and a further 2,500 for being shortlisted.
On winning the Man Booker Prize, an author can expect international recognition, not to
mention a dramatic increase in book sales. Sales of Hilary Mantels winning novels,
Wolf Hall and Bring Up the Bodies, have exceeded a million copies in their UK editions,
published by Fourth Estate. Her novels have subsequently been adapted for stage and
screen, with the highly acclaimed theatre productions of both novels arriving on
Broadway in April 2015. Granta, publisher of Eleanor Cattons 2013 winner, The
Luminaries, has sold 300,000 copies of the book in the UK and almost 500,000
worldwide.
AC Grayling, philosopher and author, was joined on the 2014 panel of judges by:
Jonathan Bate, Oxford Professor of English Literature and biographer; Sarah
Churchwell, UEAs Professor of American Literature; Daniel Glaser, neuroscientist and
cultural commentator; Alastair Niven, former Director of Literature at the British Council
and at the Arts Council, and Erica Wagner, former literary editor and writer.
- See more at: http://www.themanbookerprize.com/news/winner-2014-man-booker-prize-
fiction#sthash.3hnLTeiN.dpuf