1

Tenses
1. Present Indefinite Tense
ftl okD; ds vUr esa Rkk gS] rs gS] rh gSA mls Present Indefinite
Tense dgrs gSaA
1 bl Tense esa lk?kkj.k okD;ksa esa Verb dh igyh QkeZ dk
i;ks! gksrk gSA ;f" drkZ #do$% gks rks Verb dh igyh QkeZ
ds lk&k s ;k es vkrk gSA r&kk ;f" 'g(o$% drkZ gks rks dsoy
Verb dh igyh QkeZ gh vkrh gSA tSls)
He writes a letter. They write a letter.
* Ukghaa okys okD;ks esa Do ;k Does vkrk gSA r&kk Not y!rk
gSA
UkksV) Do, Does ds lk&k ges+kk dsoy Verb dh igyh QkeZ gh
vkrh gSA S ;k es %gha y!rkA tSls ) He doesnot write a letter.
They donot write a letter.
, izuokpd okD;ks esa Do ;k Does drkZ ls igys vkrk gSA tSls
)
Does he write a letter? Do they write a letter?
iz;ksx%
1 lPpkbZ okys okD;ksa esa tSls)
The earth revolves round the sun. (revolve
The sun does not revolve round the sun. (revolve
2 vknr okys okD;ksa esa
#sls okD;kas esa !lways, Daily, "e#ularly, Seldo$, fre%uently,
"arely, &veryday, Never, 'ften bR;kf" -k." gksrs gSA
He #oes for a wal( every day. (#o
They #o for a wal( every day. (#o
3 utnhd Hkfo; ds fy,A
1
1
#sls okD;ksa esa To$orrow, The ne)t Day, The *o$in# day, The
followin# day bR;kf" -k." gksrs gSA tSls)
He *o$es here to$orrow. (*o$e
/ ;f" okD; ds -k(0 esa gh 1kkyh 2&kk% vk tk;s rks dsoy Verb
dh igyh QkeZ vkrh gSA
tSls)
'bey your Parents. (obey '+en the door. (o+en
3 ,odals (*an, *ould, $ay, $i#ht, shall, should, will, would, $ust, need,
dare, ou#ht to ds lk&k ges+kk Verb dh igyh QkeZ gh vkrh
gSA
He $ust #o. (#o
- ok2rfod orZek% ds fy#A tSls)
This boo( *ontains hundred +a#es. (*ontain
4 #sfrgk5d ?k6%kvksa dks 7;Dr dj%s ds fy#A
The +oli*e$an enters the roo$ and finds the$ drin(in#. He arrests
the$
8 1ksyks r&kk lekjksgks dk lh9kk ilkj.k dj%s ds fy#A
.a+il bowls to Srinath. Srinath hits the ball.
/. Present Continuous Tense
ftl okD; ds vUr esa jgk gS] jgh gS] jgs gSs vkrk gS mls Present
0ontinuous Tense dgrs gSA tSls)
og dke dj jgk gSA os dke dj jgs gSsA
He is wor(in#. They are wor(in#.
1. bl Tense esa Is, a$, are ds lk&k Verb dh igyh QkeZ ds lk&k in#
dk i;ks! gksrk gSA
/. %ghs okys okD;ks esa Is not, are not vkrk gSA
He is not readin# a boo(. They are not doin# their wor(.
1. i+%ok$d okD;kas esa Is, a$, are drkZ ls igys vkrk gSA
/
Is he not readin# a boo(? !re they doin# their wor?

Ukks6) Is #do$% drkZ ds lk&k r&kk are 'g(o$% drkZ ds lk&k
vkrk gSA
i;ks!)

1. tks dk;Z orZek% esa tkjh gksaA tSls)
I a$ writin# a letter at this ti$e.
/. %t"hd :kfo;; ds fy#A
I a$ #oin# to Delhi to$orrow. (#o
1. ;f" okD; esa !t this ti$e, now, at +resent, still vkf" -k." gksa
rks ;g Tense i;ks! gksrk gSA tSls) He is slee+in# still.(slee+

ftl okD; ds vUr esa $(dk gS] $(ds gS] $(dh gS (fd;k v:kh
v:kh lek<r gksrh gS=
mls Present +erfe*t Tense dgrs gSA
og dke dj $(dk gSA os dke dj $(ds gSA
He has wor(ed. They have wor(ed.
1. bl Tense esa Has, Have ds lk&k Verb dh rhljh QkeZ dk i;ks!
gksrk gS=
/. Has #do$% drkZ ds lk&k] r&kk
Have 'g(o$% drkZ r&kk I, 2ou ds lk&k vkrk gSA
1. Not okys okD;ks esa Has not, Have not vkrk gSA
3. i+% ok$d okD;ks esa Has, Have drkZ ls igys vkrk gSA tSls
)
Has he wor(ed? Have they wor(ed?
Ikz;ksx%
1. v:kh v:kh i>.kZ g(bZ fd;k ds fy;s=
He has finished his wor(.

/. 'hrs g(# v%(:ko dks 'rk%s ds fy;s=
1
I have seen the Ta4 in $oonli#ht.
He has wor(ed with 5andhi4i.

1. :k>rdky esa g(bZ ?k6%k ftldk i:kko v:kh :kh gks=
He has #one to &n#land.

3. ;f" okD; esa 2et, ever, never, re*ently, lately, 4ust now, how lon#,
sin*e, for bR;kf" -k." vk tk;s rksa PresentPerfe*t Tense dk
i;ks! gksrk gS=
He has *o$e 4ust now. (*o$e
They have not rea*hed yet. (rea*h
3. Present Perfect Continuous Tense
ftl okD; ds vUr esa 2ks?????jgk gS] 2ks?????jgs gS= mls Present
+erfe*t 0ontinuous Tense dgrs gSA
1 bl Tense esa fd;k tkjh jgrh gSa r&kk t' ls -k(0 gks og le;
f";k gksrk gSaA tSls)
og #d ?k.6s ls dk;Z dj jgk gSA
He has been wor(in# for one hour.
/ bl Tense esa Has been, Have been ds lk&k Verb dh first for$ 6 in#
vkrk gSA tSls)
He has been readin# for one hour.
They have been readin# sin*e $ornin#.
1 Not okys okD;ksa esa Has not been, Have not been vkrk gSA
tSls)
He has not been wor(in# for one hour.
They have not been wor(in# sin*e $ornin#.
3. izuokpd okD;ks esa Has, Have drkZ ls igys vkrk gSA tSls
)
Has he been wor(in# for one hour?
3
Have they been wor(in# sin*e $ornin#?
iz;ksx%
t' fd;k -k>0 gks%s dk le; f";k gks r&kk dk;Z tkjh jgs
rks bl Tense dk i;ks! gksrk gSA
Sin*e o 7or dk i;ks!)
Sin*e dk i;ks! Point of Ti$e ds fy# gksrk gSA tSls fd l('g ls]
-kke ls] "ksigj ls] 1@4* ls bR;kf"A
They have been readin# sin*e $ornin#.
7or dk i;ks! Period of ti$e ds fy# gksrk gSA tSls fd * ?k.6s ls] *
egh%s lss] 3 o;kZ ls bR;kf"A
They have been readin# for one hour.
1. Past Indefinite Tense
ftl okD; ds vUr esa &kk gS] &kh gS] &ks gS] vkrk gS mls Past
Indefinite Tense dgrs gSA tSls)
ml%s dke fd;kA mUgks%s dke fd;k=
He wor(ed. They wor(ed.
1. bl Tense esa Verb dh ">ljh QkeZ dk i;ks! gksrk gSA $kgs
drkZ #do$% ;k 'g(o$% gks 5QZ Verb dh ">ljh QkeZ gh vkrh
gSA
/. %ghs okys okD;ks esa Did not ds lk&k Verb dh igyh QkeZ vkrh
gSA
He did not read a boo(.
They did not finish their wor(.
1. i+%ok$d okD;kas esa Did drkZ ls igys vkrk gSA
Did he not read a boo(?
Did they finish their wor(?
3. Did dk i;ks! fdlh 'kr ij tksj Aky%s ds fy# :kh gksrk gSA
She did sin#, but not with a will.
8
UkksV% Did ds lk&k ges+kk Verb dh igyh QkeZ vkrh gSA
#do$% ;k 'g(o$% "ks%ks idkj drkZ ds lk&k Did gh vkrk
gSA
iz;ksx)
1. tks fd;k#sa :k>rdky esa fdlh f%+f$r le; ij i>jh g(bZ
gksaA tSls)
I $et hi$ yesterday.
/. fd;k :k>rdky esa lek<r g(bZ gks ijUr( le; % f";k gksA
The bus rea*hed late.
1. ;f" dksbZ fd;k :k>rdky esa d(B le; $yh gksA
He lived here for two years. (v' %gha jgrk
3. :k>rdky esa jgh fdlh vk"r ds fy#A
She usually wal(ed to her s*hool. ( 9hen she was youn#
8 8. #sls 0onditional Senten*es esa tks I$+robable gksA
If he *a$e here, I would #o with hi$.
/. Past Continuous Tense
ftl okD; ds vUr esa jgk &kk] jgh &kh] jgs &ks vkrk gS mls Past
0ontinuous Tense dgrs gSA tSls)
og dke dj jgk &kkA os dke dj jgs
&ksA
He was wor(in#. They were wor(in#.
1. bl Tense esa 9as, 9ere ds lk&k Verb dh igyh QkeZ ds lk&k in#
dk i;ks! gksrk gSA
/. %ghs okys okD;ks esa 9as not, 9ere not vkrk gSA
He was not readin# a boo(.
They were not finishin# their wor(.
1. i+%ok$d okD;kas esa was, were drkZ ls igys vkrk gSA
9as he not readin# a boo(?
9ere they finishin# their wor(?
-

UkksV% 9as #do$% drkZ ds lk&k r&kk 9ere 'g(o$% drkZ r&kk
I, 2ou ds lk&k vkrk gSA
iz;ksx%

1. tks dk;Z :k>rdky esa tkjh jgsa gksaA tSls)
I was writin# a letter at that ti$e.
!t :;1< a.$. I was readin# a novel.
/. ;f" okD; ds "ks :kk! gks r&kk #d esa +ast Indefinite gks rks
">ljs esa Past 0ontinuous gks ldrk gSA
I found a *oin when I was di##in# a hole.
1. Past Indefinite Tense :k>rdky esa i>.kZ gks $(dh fd;k ds fy#
gksrk gS r&kk Past 0ontinuous dk i;ks! :k>rdky esa tkjh
jgh fd;k ds fy# gksrk gSA

1. Past Perfect Tense
ftl okD; ds vUr esa $(dk &kk] $(ds &ks] $(dh &kh vkrk gS mls
Past Perfe*t Tense dgrs gSA tSls)
og dke dj $(dk &kkA os dke dj $(ds
&ksA
He had wor(ed. They had wor(ed.
1. bl Tense esa Had ds lk&k Verb dh rhljh QkeZ dk i;ks! gksrk
gSA
/. %ghs okys okD;ks esa Had not ds lk&k Verb dh rhljh QkeZ
vkrh gSA
He had not read a boo(.
They had not finished their wor(.
1. i+%ok$d okD;kas esa Had drkZ ls igys vkrk gSA
Had he not read a boo(?
Had they finished their wor(?
=
UkksV) #do$% ;k 'g(o$% "ks%ks idkj drkZ ds lk&k Had gh
vkrk gSA
iz;ksx)

1. #slh fd;k tks :k>rdky esa fdlh f%+f$r le; ls igys ;k f%+f$r
le; rd i>jh gks $(dh gksaA tSls)
The +atient had died before the do*tor *a$e.
I had finished $y wor( by evenin# *a$e.

/. fdlh vlUr(;6 bCBk dks id6 dj%s ds fy#A
I wish $y father had been here at this ti$e.
I wish I had wor(ed harder.
1. tks fd;k :k>rdky esa d(B le; $y dj lek<r g(bZ gksA
He had lived here for two years.
3. ;f" fdlh okD; esa "ks ?k6%k#sa g(bZ gks rks tks fd;k igys
g(bZ gS mlds lk&k Verb dh rhljh QkeZ r&kk tks 'k" esa
g(bZ gks mlesa Verb dh ">ljh QkeZ vkrh gSA
The bell had run# before I rea*hed the s*hool.
8. I$a#inary 0ondition dks "+kkZ%s ds fy#A
If I had $et hi$ I should have warned hi$.
If she +ra*ti*ed $ore, she would have won the +ri>e.
3. Past Perfect Continuous Tense
ftl okD; ds vUr esa ls??????jgk &kk] ls???????jgs &ks] ls???????jgh
&kh vkrk gS mls Past Perfe*t 0ontinuous Tense dgrs gSA tSls)
og "ks ?k.6s ls dke dj jgk &kkA
He had been wor(in# for / hours.
os "ks ?k.6s ls dke dj jgs &ksA
They had been wor(in# for / hours.

:
1. bl Tense esa Had been ds lk&k Verb dh igyh QkeZ ds lk&k in#
dk i;ks! gksrk gSA
/. %ghs okys okD;ks esa Had not been ds lk&k Verb dh igyh
QkeZ ds lk&k in# vkrk gSA
He had not been readin# a boo(.
1. i+%ok$d okD;kas esa Had drkZ ls igys vkrk gSA
Had he not read a boo(?
Had they finished their wor(?
UkksV% #do$% ;k 'g(o$% "ks%ks idkj drkZ ds lk&k Had gh
vkrk gSA
iz;ksx%

1. t' dksbZ fd;k :k>rdky esa 'ksy%s ds le; ls igys -k(0
g(bZ gks r&kk 'ksy%s ds le; rd tkjh gks A tSls)
He was tired be*ause he had been wor(in# sin*e $ornin#.
She told $e that she had been waitin# for two hours.

/. t' dksbZ fd;k :k>rdky es 'kj 'kj g(bZ gks )
He had been tryin# to tal( her on +hone.
Sita had been writin# the essay to $a(e it i$+ressive.
1. t' dksbZ fd;k ">ljh fd;k ls igys $yh gksA
He had been doin# his ho$ewor( when I $eet into his roo$.
,y $other had been *oo(in# $eat when ,rs. 5u+ta *o$e to her.
1. Future Indefinite Tense
ftl okD; ds vUr esa !k] !s] !h vkrk gS mls 7uture Indefinite Tense
dgrs gSA tSls)
og dke djs!k A
He will wor(.
?
1. bl Tense esa 9ill ;k Shall ds lk&k Verb dh igyh QkeZ dk i;ks!
gksrk gSA
/. %ghs okys okD;ks esa 9ill ;k Shall ds lk&k Verb dh igyh QkeZ
vkrh gSA lk9kkj.k gkykr esa I r&kk 9e ds lk&k Shall r&kk 'kdh
l' ds lk&k 9ill vkrk gSA tSls)
I shall write a letter. He will write a letter. They will write a letter.
1. ijUr( ;f" okD; esa f%f+$rrk gks ;k vk"s+k gks ;k ok;"k gks]
9kedh gks] bCBk gks rks I o 9e ds lk&k 9ill y!rk gSA r&kk He,
She, They, It vkf" ds lk&k Shall y!rk gSA tSls)
He shall do it. They shall do it. I will do it.
3. %gha okys okD;ksa esa 9ill ;k Shall ds lk&k Not y!rk gSA tSls
)
I shall not write a letter. He will not write a letter.
They will not write a letter.
8. i+%ok$d okD;ks esa 9ill ;k Shall drkZ ls igys vkrk gSA tSls)
Shall I write a letter? 9ill he write a letter? 9ill they write a letter?
iz;ksx%
;f" fdlh okD; esa To$orrow, The ne)t day, The *o$in# day, The
followin# day bR;kf" -k." vk tk;sa rks ;g Tense i;ks! gksrk
gSA tSls)
He will *o$e here to$orrow.
/. Future Continuous Tense
ftl okD; ds vUr esa jgk gks!k] jgs gks!sa] jgh gks!hA
1. bl Tense esa Shall ;k 9ill ds lk&k Verb dh igyh QkeZ ds lk&k in#
vkrk gSA tSls)
I shall be travellin# all the ni#ht toni#ht.
He will be wor(in# at this ti$e to$orrow.
1<
/. Ukghaa okys okD;ksa esa 9ill not be ;k Shall not be vkrk gSA
tSls)
I shall not be travellin# all the ni#ht toni#ht.
He will not be wor(in# at this ti$e to$orrow.
1. <k+%ok$d okD;ksa esa dsoy Shall ;k 9ill drkZ ls igys vkrk
gSA tSls)
Shall I be travellin# all the ni#ht toni#ht?
9ill he be wor(in# at this ti$e to$orrow?
iz;ksx%
1. ;f" fdlh okD; esa vk%s okys le; esa tkjh jg%s okyh fd;k dk
le; f";k gks ;g Tense i;ks! gksrk gSA tSls)
He will be slee+in# at this ti$e to$orrow. (slee+
#sls okD;ksa esa !t this ti$e to$orrow, !t 1< a.$. to$orrow bR;kf"
-k." vkrs gSA
/. ;f" fdlh okD; ds "ks :kk! gks r&kk 9hen ds 'k" okys :kk!
esa igyh QkeZ gks rks igys okys :kk! esa ;g Tense gks
ldrk gSA tSls)
He will be slee+in# when I #o there. (slee+
1. Future Perfect Tense
ftl okD; ds vUr esa Ck(dk gks!k] $(ds gks!s] $(dh gks!hA
1. bl Tense esa 9ill have ;k Shall have ds lk&k Verb dh rhljh QkeZ
dk i;ks! gksrk gSA I r&kk 9e ds lk&k Shall vkrk gSA r&kk
He, She, It, They bR;kf" ds lk&k 9ill vkrk gSA tSls)
I shall have finished $y wor( by 1<a.$. to$orrow.
They will have finished their wor( 1<a.$. to$orrow.
/. Ukgha okys okD;ksa esa 9ill not have ;k Shall not have vkrk
gSA tSls)
I shall not have finished $y wor( by 1<a.$. to$orrow.
They will not have finished their wor( 1<a.$. to$orrow.
11
1. <k+%ok$d okD;ksa esa dsoy Shall ;k 9ill drkZ ls igys vkrk
gSA tSls)
Shall I have finished $y wor( by 1<a.$ to$orrow?
9ill they have finished their wor( 1<a.$ to$orrow?
iz;ksx)
1. ;f" fdlh okD; esa :kfo;; esa dk;Z lek<r gks%s dh lD:kko%k
gks ;g Tense i;ks! gksrk gSA tSls)
I shall have finished $y wor( by 1<a.$. to$orrow. (finish
They will have finished their wor( 1<a.$. to$orrow. (finish
#sls okD;ksa esa @y 1<a.$ to$orrow ;k @y this ti$e to$orrow
vkrk gSA
/. ;f" fdlh okD; ds "ks :kk! gks r&kk 9hen ds 'k" okys :kk!
esa igyh QkeZ gks rks igys okys :kk! esa ;g Tense gks
ldrk gSA tSls)
He will have finished his wor( when I #o there. (finish
He will have finished his wor( by the ti$e I #o there. (finish
3. Future Perfect Continuous Tense
ftl okD; ds vUr esa ls ???????? jgk gks!k] ls ?????????? jgs
gks!sa] ls ????????? jgh gks!hA
1. bl Tense esa 9ill have been ;k Shall have been ds lk&k Verb dh
igyh QkeZ r&kk in# vkrk gSA tSls )
I shall have been +layin# sin*e $ornin# when he *o$es here.
He will have been +layin# sin*e $ornin# when I #o there.
/. Ukgha okys okD;ksa esa 9ill ;k Shall ds lk&k Not vkrk
gSAtSls)
I shall not have been +layin# sin*e $ornin# when he *o$es here.
He will not have been +layin# sin*e $ornin# when I #o there.
1/
1. i+%ok$d okD;ksa esa dsoy Shall ;k 9ill drkZ ls igys vkrk
gSA tSls)
Shall I have been +layin# sin*e $ornin# when he *o$es here?
9ill he have been +layin# sin*e $ornin# when I #o there?
Ikz;ksx%
1. ;f" :kfo;; esa tkjh jg%s okyh fd;k dk -k(0 gks%s ls 'ksy%s
ds le; rd tkjh jg%s dk le; f";k gks rks bl Tense dk i;ks!
djrs gSA tSls)
I shall have been +layin# sin*e $ornin# when he *o$es here. (+lay
He will have been +layin# sin*e $ornin# when I #o there. (+lay
#sls okD;ksa esa Sin*e ;k 7or vkrk gSA r&kk okD; ds #d :kk!
esa igyh QkeZ vkrh gSA

If okys okD;ksa ds fu;e%
1? ;f" if ds lk&k okys fg2ls esa Verb dh igyh QkeZ gks rks vk!s
okys fg2ls esa verb dh igyh QkeZ ;k will, shall ds lk&k verb dh
igyh QkeZ vkrh gSA tSls)
If you #o there, $eet $y father.
If I #o there, I shall $eet $y father.
If he #oes there, he will $eet $y father.
11
/ ;f" if ds lk&k okys fg2ls esa Verb dh ">ljh QkeZ gks rks
vk!s okys fg2ls esa would r&kk verb dh igyh QkeZ vkrh gSA
tSls)
If he went there, he would $eet $y father.
1. ;f" if ds lk&k okys fg2ls esa Had r&kk Verb dh rhljh QkeZ gks
rks vk!s okys fg2ls esa would have r&kk verb dh rhljh
QkeZ vkrh gSA tSls)
If he had #one there, he would have $et $y father.
UkksV) If ds lk&k okys fg2ls esa d:kh :kh will, shall, would
have %gha vk ldrkA
The +lants will #row well if it rains in ti$e.
The +lants would #row well if it rained in ti$e.
The +lants would have #rown well if it had rained in ti$e.
Passive Voice:
13
He writes a boo(.
bl okD; esa He drkZ gSA 9rites Verb gSA r&kk a boo( ob4e*t gSA
!*tive ls Passi*e voi*e '%krs le; ge verb ds fglk' ls f%D%fyf1kr f%;e
i;ks! djrs gSA
1? ;f" verb igyh QkeZ gS ;k do, does ds lk&k igyh QkeZ gS rks
+assive '%krs le;
(1 ob4e*t dk sub4e*t '%krs gSA
(/ Is, a$, are dk i;ks! djrs gSA
(1 Verb dh rhljh QkeZ dk i;ks! djrs gSA
(3 @y ;k fdlh vU; mi;(Dr +re+osition dk i;ks! djrs gSA
(8 Sub4a*t dk ob4e*t '%krs gSA tSls)
He writes a boo(.
(sub4e*t (verb (ob4e*t
! boo( is written by hi$.
He does not write a boo(.
! boo( is not written by hi$.
Does he writes a boo(?
Is a boo( written by hi$?
9hy does he write a boo(?
9hy is a boo( written by hi$?
*? ;f" verb ">ljh QkeZ gS ;k did ds lk&k igyh QkeZ gS rks
+assive '%krs le;
(1 ob4e*t dk sub4e*t '%krs gSA
18
(/ 9as, were dk i;ks! djrs gSA
(1 Verb dh rhljh QkeZ dk i;ks! djrs gSA
(3 @y ;k fdlh vU; mi;(Dr +re+osition dk i;ks! djrs gSA
(8 Sub4a*t dk ob4e*t '%krs gSA tSls)
He wrote a boo(.
(sub4e*t (verb (ob4e*t
! boo( was writen by hi$.
He did not write a boo(.
! boo( was not written by hi$.
Did he write a boo(?
9as a boo( written by hi$?
9hy did he write a boo(?
9hy was a boo( written by hi$?
,? ;f" okD; esa Is, a$, are ;k 9as were ds lk&k in# QkeZ gS rks
+assive '%krs le;
(1 ob4e*t dk sub4e*t '%krs gSA
(/ Is, a$, are ;k 9as, were ds lk&k bein# dk i;ks! djrs gSA
(- Verb dh rhljh QkeZ dk i;ks! djrs gSA
(= @y ;k fdlh vU; mi;(Dr +re+osition dk i;ks! djrs gSA
(: Sub4a*t dk ob4e*t '%krs gSA tSls)
He is writin# a boo(.
(sub4e*t (verb (ob4e*t
! boo( is bein# written by hi$.
He was writin# a boo(.
! boo( was bein# written by hi$.
He was not writin# a boo(.
! boo( was not bein# written by hi$.
9as he writin# a boo(?
9as a boo( bein# written by hi$?
9hy was he writin# a boo(?
9hy was a boo( bein# written by hi$?
1-
/? ;f" okD; esa Has, have, had ;k 9ill have, Shall have ds lk&k verb
dh rhljh QkeZ gS rks +assive '%krs le;
(1 ob4e*t dk sub4e*t '%krs gSA
(/ Has, have, had ;k 9ill have, Shall have ds lk&k been dk i;ks!
djrs gSA
(? Verb dh rhljh QkeZ dk i;ks! djrs gSA
(1< @y ;k fdlh vU; mi;(Dr +re+osition dk i;ks! djrs gSA
(11 Sub4a*t dk ob4e*t '%krs gSA tSls)
He has written a boo(.
(sub4e*t (verb (ob4e*t
! boo( has been written by hi$.
He had written a boo(.
! boo( had been written by hi$.
He will not have written a boo(.
! boo( will not have been written by hi$.
Had he written a boo(?
Had a boo( been written by hi$?
9hy had he written a boo(?
9hy had a boo( been written by hi$?
3? ;f" okD; esa ,odals (*an, *ould, $ay, $i#ht, shall, should, will,
would, $ust, ou#ht tos ds lk&k verb dh igyh QkeZ gS rks +assive
'%krs le;
(1 ob4e*t dk sub4e*t '%krs gSA
(/ ,odals ds lk&k be dk i;ks! djrs gSA
(1/ Verb dh rhljh QkeZ dk i;ks! djrs gSA
(11 @y ;k fdlh vU; mi;(Dr +re+osition dk i;ks! djrs gSA
(13 Sub4a*t dk ob4e*t '%krs gSA tSls)
He will write a boo(.
(sub4e*t (verb (ob4e*t
! boo( will be written by hi$.
1=
He should write a boo(.
! boo( should be written by hi$.
He will not write a boo(.
! boo( will not be written by hi$.
9ill he write a boo(?
9ill a boo( be written by hi$?
9hy would he write a boo(?
9hy would a boo( be written by hi$?
;f" fdlh !vtive voi*e okD; esa lC$kbZ gks rks Passive '%krs le;
1A It is said that y!kdj okD; mlesa tksA? "srs gSA tSls)
The earth is round.
It is said that the earth is round.
;f" fdlh !vtive voi*e okD; esa vk"s+k gS] fo%e ik&kZ%k gS]
%lhgr gS rks Passive '%krs le;
1? vk"s+k ds fy# 2ou are ordered to y!kdj okD; mlesa
tksA? "srs gSA tSsls)
'+en your boo(s
2ou are ordered to o+en your boo(s.
* fo%e ik&kZ%k ds fy# you are re%uested to y!kdj okD;
mlesa tksA? "srs gSA tSls) .indly hel+ $e
2ou are re%uested to hel+ $e.
Uksk6) #sls okD;ksa esa .indly ;k Please g6 tkrk gSA
/A %lhgr okys okD;ksa esa you are advised to y!kdj okD; mlesa
tksA? "srs gSA tSls) obey your elders.
2ou are advised to obey your elders.
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