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(aq)
Fe
3+
(aq)
+ NO
(aq)
+ H
2
O
(l)
[1 mark]
NO3
-
5
(ii) What is the classification of the types of chemical reaction illustrated by the
following reaction: Zn(s) + HCl(aq) ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g)
[1 mark]
single displacement and redox
(iii) What is the oxidation number of carbon in C2O4
2
?
[1 mark]
2y + -2(4) = -2; y = +3
(c) Transition metals can combine with carbon monoxide (CO) to form compounds such as
Fe(CO)5. Assume that you combine 0.125 g of nickel with CO and isolate 0.364 g of
Ni(CO)x. What is the value of x?
[3 marks]
Mass of CO = 0.364-0.125 = 0.239g; hence 0.239/28 = 8.5357 x 10
-3
mol
0.125 g/58.7 = 2.129 x 10
-3
mol of Ni
Ni : CO
2.129 x 10
-3
8.5357 x 10
-3
2.129 x 10
-3
2.129 x 10
-3
1 : 4;
So x= 4
6
(d) Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) reacts with phosphoric acid (H3PO4) to form sodium
phosphate (Na3PO4) and water (H2O) by the reaction:
3 NaOH(aq) + H3PO4(aq) Na3PO4(aq) + 3 H2O(l)
If 35.60 grams of NaOH is reacted with 30.80 grams of H3PO4,
(i) What is the limiting reactant?
(ii) Amount of Na3PO4 formed in grams?
(iii) How many grams of the excess reactant remains when the reaction is
completed?
[6 marks]
To determine the limiting reactant, calculate the amount of product formed by each reactant.
The reactant the produces the least amount of product is the limiting reactant.
Amount of Na3PO4 formed from 35.60 grams of NaOH
grams Na3PO4 = (35.60 g NaOH) x (1 mol NaOH/40.00 g NaOH) x (1 mol Na3PO4/3 mol
NaOH) x (163.94 g Na3PO4/1 mol Na3PO4)
= 48.64 grams
Amount of Na3PO4 formed from 30.80 grams of H3PO4
grams Na3PO4 = (30.80 g H3PO4) x (1 mol H3PO4/98. 00 grams H3PO4) x (1 mol Na3PO4/1
mol H3PO4) x (163.94 g Na3PO4/1 mol Na3PO4)
= 51.52 grams
The sodium hydroxide formed less product than the phosphoric acid. This means the sodium
hydroxide is the limiting reactant and 48.64 grams of sodium phosphate is formed.
+
grams of H3PO4 used = (48.64 grams Na3PO4) x (1 mol Na3PO4/163.94 g Na3PO4) x (1 mol
H3PO4/1 mol Na3PO4) x (98 g H3PO4/1 mol) = 29.08 grams
grams H3PO4 remaining = 30.80 grams - 29.08 grams
= 1.72 grams
7
QUESTION 3 [15 marks]
(a) (i) State the Charless Gas law
[1 mark]
Charles law state that, at constant pressure, the volume of a fixed mass of an ideal
gas is directly proportional to its temperature on the Kelvin scale.
(ii) A sample of neon gas occupies 4.8L at temperature 25C. If the temperature is
raised to 298C, what is the change in the volume of neon gas at constant
pressure?
[2 marks]
V1 / T1 = V2 / T2
4.8 / (25+273) = V2 / (298+273)
V2 = 9.20mL
Change in volume = 9.2mL - 4.8 mL= 4.4 mL
(b) (i) Use the kinetic molecular theory of gases to explain why two gases mix more
rapidly at high temperature than at low temperature.
[1 mark]
The average kinetic energy of the gas particle is proportional to absolute temperature.
Therefore, dissimilar gases mix at high temperature.
8
(ii) When 0.17 gram of a liquid is heated, it vaporized and occupied a volume of
59 mL at a pressure of 1.2 atm and 40C. Calculate the molar mass of the liquid.
[2 marks]
PV=nRT
(1.2 atm)(0.059L)=0.17g (0.08021 L.atm/mol.K) (40+273K)
MM
MM=61.7 g/mol
(c) When solid carbon dioxide (also known as dry ice), is heated to 400 K it becomes
gaseous. An 88.0 g sample of solid CO2 is placed into a sealed 100 L container that is
initially at a pressure of 1.00 atm and a temperature of 298 K. The container is heated to
400 K. What will be the final pressure inside the container?
[4 marks]
The molar mass of CO2 is = 44.01. The sample of 88.0 g ;
moles of CO2 = 88/44.01 = 2mol 1
Pco2 = nRT/V = 2 x 0.08206 x 400 / 100 = 0.656 atm. 1
The container initially at 1 atm and 298K. Then heated to 400K, so new pressure
P2/P1 = T2/T1
P2T1 = P1T2
P2 x 298 K = 400 K x 1 atm
P2= 1.34 atm
Total pressure at 400K is 0.656 atm + 1.34 atm= 2.0 atm. 1
9
(c) (i) State Daltons law of gas
[1 mark]
The total pressure of a mixture of ideal gases that do not react is the sum
of each constituent gas in the mixture.
(ii) A gas mixture containing 2.45 gram of N2 and 3.10 gram of Ne are introduce in a
container. If the total pressure of the gaseous mixture is 420 mmHg, what are the
partial pressures of N2 and Ne?
[5 marks]
Number of mole of N2 = 2.45 g / 28.02 gmol
-1
= 0.0874mol
Number of mole of Ne = 3.10 g / 20.18 gmol
-1
= 0.153mol
Mole fraction of N2 = 0.0874 mol = 0.363
(0.087+0.153) mol
Mole fraction of Ne = 0.153 mol = 0.636
(0.087+0.153) mol
Partial pressure of N2 = 420mmHg 0.363 = 152.46 mmHg
Partial pressure of Ne = 420mmHg - 152.46mmHg = 267.54 mmHg
= - (1.0 atm) (0.242 L)
N2H4 (l) + O2 (g) N2 (g) + 2H2O (g) H = -534 kJ
2 [H2O (l) H2O (g)] H = (+40.7 kJ) 2 = 81.4 kJ
2 H2O (g) 2 H2O (l) H = - 81.4 kJ
N2H4 (l) + O2 (g) N2 (g) + 2H2O (l)
Hrxn = -534 kJ + (- 81.4 kJ ) = -615.4 kJ
10
========END OF QUESTION PAPER=========
PERIODIC TABLE
1A
1
H
1.008
IIA
(2)
IIIA
(13)
IVA
(14)
VA
(15)
VIA
(16) VIIA
(17)
2
He
4.003
3
Li
6.941
4
Be
9.012
5
B
10.81
6
C
12.01
7
N
14.01
8
O
16.00
9
F
19.00
10
Ne
20.18
11
Na
22.99
12
Mg
24.31
IIIB
(3)
IVB
(4)
VB
(5)
VIB
(6)
VIIB
(7)
VIIIB
(8) (9) (10)
IB
(11)
1IB
(12)
13
Al
26.98
14
Si
28.09
15
P
30.97
16
S
32.06
17
Cl
35.45
18
Ar
39.95
19
K
39.10
20
Ca
40.08
21
Sc
44.96
22
Ti
47.90
23
V
50.94
24
Cr
52.00
25
Mn
54.94
26
Fe
55.85
27
Co
58.93
28
Ni
58.70
29
Cu
63.55
30
Zn
65.39
31
Ga
69.72
32
Ge
72.61
33
As
74.92
34
Se
78.96
35
Br
79.90
36
Kr
83.80
37
Rb
85.47
38
Sr
87.62
39
Y
88.91
40
Zr
91.22
41
Nb
92.91
42
Mo
95.94
43
Tc
98
44
Ru
101.1
45
Rh
102.9
46
Pd
106.4
47
Ag
107.9
48
Cd
112.4
49
In
114.8
50
Sn
118.7
51
Sb
121.8
52
Te
127.6
53
I
126.9
54
Xe
131.3
55
Cs
132.9
56
Ba
137.3.
57
La
138.9
72.
Hf
178.5
73
Ta
180.9
74
W
183.9
75
Re
186.2
76
Os
190.2
77
Ir
192.2
78
Pt
195.1
79
Au
197.0
80
Hg
200.6
81
Tl
204.4
82
Pb
207.2
83
Bi
209.0
84
Po
(209)
85
At
(210)
86
Rn
(222)
87
Fr
(223)
88
Ra
(226)
89
Ac
(227)
104
Rf
(261)
105
Db
(262)
106
Sg
(266)
107
Bh
(264)
108
Hs
(269)
109
Mt
(268)
110
Ds
(269)
58
Ce
140.1
59
Pr
140.9
60
Nd
144.2
61
Pm
(145)
62
Sm
150.4
63
Eu
152.0
64
Gd
157.3
65
Tb
158.9
66
Dy
162.5
67
Ho
164.9
68
Er
167.3
69
Tm
168.9
70
Yb
173.0
71
Lu
175.0
90
Th
232.0
91
Pa
(231)
92
U
238.0
93
Np
(237)
94
Pu
(244)
95
Am
(243)
96
Cm
(247)
97
Bk
(247)
98
Cf
(251)
99
Es
(252)
100
Fm
(257)
101
Md
(258)
102
No
(259)
103
Lr
(260)
TABLE OF CONSTANTS
Avogadro's number = 6.022 x 10
23
/mol
1 atm = 760 mmHg = 760 torr = 101,325 Pa
1 J = 1 kg. m
2
/ s
2
Specific heat of water = 4.184 J/g.C
1 amu = 1.49 x 10
-10
J
Planck constant, h = 6.63 x 10
-34
J.s
Rydberg constant, RH = 2.18 x 10
-18
J
Gas constant, R = 0.0821 L.atm/ K.mol
Gas constant, R = 8.314 J/ K.mol
1 L.atm = 101.3 J
Speed of light, c = 3.00 x 10
8
m/s
1 kg = 6.022 x 10
26
amu.
For an equation of the form:
ax
2
+ bx + c = 0
VIIIA
(18)