Beruflich Dokumente
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Bakshali Manuscript
K. Ramasubramanian
IIT Bombay
Outline
Aryabhat
.ya: Part I
I
Kayes misinterpretation
B B Dattas attempt found to be lacking!
Channabasappas interpretation
His plausible derivation consistent with the knowledge
available then
.t)
Language G
ath
a (a variation of Sanskrit & Prakr
arad
Script S
a (used in the Gupta period 350 CE).
Content the nature of problems discussed in BM.
3
Unlike Colebrooke, the interpretations of Kaye are generally prejudiced
and distortedas we shall see soon.
4
Martin Levey and Marvin Petruck, Translation of Kushyar Ibn Labbans
Principles of Hindu Reckoning, The University of Wisconsin Press, pp. 6-7,
1965.
Q=
A2
b 2
b
2A
+b =A+
b
2A 2 A + 2A
(1)
b
Q = A2 + b = A +
2A
(2)
A:kx+.tea ;
a(;;kx+.tyUa:na.a:t,a Zea:Sa:.cCe +d.ea ;a.d:sMa:gua:NaH
&+ a.ta Zua:
a;d:kx+. a.ta [a:yaH
ta:d:gRa:d:l .sMa:
a(;;:
The mixed surd is lessened by the square portion and
the difference divided by twice that. The difference is
divided by the quantity and half that squarred is the
loss.
Interesting problems
*.a.a:na.Ma va:a.Na.ja.Ma ma:Dyea ma:a.Na:a.vRa:k+a:ya:tea ;a.k+.l ta.a.ea:+a ma:a.Na:a.va:k+a.a.a ma:a.Na:mUa:yMa
:pa.
;a.k+.ya:;
;vea:t,a . . . A:Da ;aa:Ba.a:ga :pa.a:d.Ma:Za :pa.*.
a:Ba.a:ga :Sa:qM +Za . ca
A jewel is sold among five merchants together. The price of the jewel is equal to half
the money possessed by the first together with the moneys possessed by the others, or
1
rd
3
the money possessed by the second together with the moneys possessed by the
others, or 14 th the money possessed by the third together with the moneys possessed
by the others, or 51 th the money possessed by the fourth together with the moneys
possessed by the others, or 16 th the money possessed by the fifth together with the
moneys possessed by the others. Find the cost of the jewel, and the money possessed
by each merchant.6
6
Here it may be mentioned that though the solution to the problem is
available in greater detail, the statement as such is not fully decipherable from
the manuscript (see for instance, Hayashi, 174-75.), and hence what has
been presented above is a partiallyyet faithfullyreconstructed version of it
given by CNS (38-39).
Interesting problems
Solution: If m1 , m2 , m3 , m4 , m5 be the money possessed by the five merchants, and p
be the price of the jewel, then the given problem may be represented as
1
m1 + m2 + m3 + m4 + m5
2
=
=
=
=
=
1
m2 + m3 + m4 + m5
3
1
m1 + m2 + m3 + m4 + m5
4
1
m1 + m2 + m3 + m4 + m5
5
1
m1 + m2 + m3 + m4 + m5
6
p.
m1 +
Hence we have
1
2
3
4
5
m1 = m2 = m3 = m4 = m5 = q (say).
2
3
4
5
6
yua mUa
I
(1825
AD )
observes:
7
I have ascertained beyond doubt, that the invention of infinite series of
these forms has originated in Malabar, and is not even to this day, known to
the eastward of the range of Ghats which divided that country, called in the
ancient times Ceralam, from the countries of Madura, Coimbatore, Mysore,
...
1
1
+
...
,
1
3
5
p
12D 2
12D 2
12D 2
12D 2
+
+ ,
2
3.3
3 .5
33 .7
4D
4D
4D
2D +
+
(22 1)
(42 1)
(62 1)
#
"
1
1
1
+
+
+ .
8D
(22 1)
(62 1)
(102 1)
"
#
1
1
1
1
8D
.
2
2
2
2
(4 1)
(8 1)
(12 1)
4D
4D
3D +
16D
(33 3)
1
15 + 4.1
4D
(53 5)
1
35 + 4.3
+
+
4D
(73 7)
1
55 + 4.5
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
G. HYNE.
I join in substance Mr. Hynes opinion, but do not admit that the
circumstance that none of the Sastras mentioned by Mr. Whish, who
used the series could demonstrate them, would alone be conclusive.
8
This seems to be, at best, a speculation since we do not find any text
describing this method. Moreover, the methods described in the texts employ
circumscribed polygonsthat too with an important difference.
gun.an
nayet |
Vyas
. prathamam
. ntva tato va nyan
Sambandhanniyamascaivam
vyasavr
. vijneyo
. ttayoh. |
Having found radius, you may construct the sines; but you must
first know the proportion between the diameter and the
circumference.
vyase
rupahr
agar
abhihate
|
. te vyasas
kuryat
||
trisaradivis
amasa
nkhy
abhaktamr
n
am
svam
pr
thak
kramat
.. .
. .
.
Mulltiply the diameter by 4, and from it subtract and add
alternately the quotients obtained by dividing four times the
diameter by the odd numbers 3, 5, 7, 9, 11&c..
vy
ase v
aridhinihate 4 Diameter (v
aridhi)
r
upahr.te Divided by r
upa (number 1)
trisar
adi 3, 5, etc. (bh
utasankhy
a system)
I
I
vis.amasankhy
kram
at kury
at may be done in order
1 1 1
Paridhi = 4 Vy
asa 1 + + . . . . . .
3 5 7
v.ya.a:sa:vMua vxa.a:vMua ta:*:+ a.L+.lu+\L .sMa:ba:nDa:a.a:ya:mMa O;:a I;a v.ya.a:sa:aa:a I;a
10
11
Manuscript reads it as ;
a.na:ya:ma.*.
Ea :vMa
Manuscript reads it as ;
a.na:ya:ma.*.
Ea :vMa