TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

(LAND DEVELOPMENT )

1.01 GENERAL
1.01.01These specifications have been prepared to cover a number of agreements for the
development of _______________________

The works include infrastructure services including preliminary works, survey
works,
& titling, site preparation, road worksdrainage works, water works and
miscellaneous
works.
1.01.02The scope of works include, but not necessary limited to the item set out for this
specification and indicated on the schedule of drawing set out therein.

The contractor shall furnish all the necessary labor, equipment, plans and materials
required to complete all works in an acceptable manner, including associated
structure,
testing, disinfectiona and all ancillary works in accordance with the condition of the
Agreement.
1.01.03Construction schedule, layout diagrams and shop drawings shall be in accordance
with
the drawings and condition of Agreement. Sample and sample test result shall be
submitted as required under respective Technical Specifications.
1.01.04Construction schedule, layout diagrams and shop drawings shall be in accordance
with the
drawings and condition of agreement.Sample and sample test results shall be
submitted
as required under perpective Technical Specifications.

1.01.05Substitution of materials or equipement other those specified in the Agreement.
Documents will only be approved the following reasons: That, the material or the
equipment proposed for substitution is equal or superior to the material or equipment
specified. To receive consideration, request for substitution shall be accompanied by
documentary proof of quality in the from or certified quotation and guaranteed date
of
delivery from the suppliers both the specified and the proposed substitute materials
or
equipment. The contractor shall bear the responsibility to check all the numbers and
units
as may be indicated on the specifications. It is understood that the contractor shall
supply
andinstall the actual required units as per plans.

1.01.06The contractor shall be extra careful in the process of transporting and handling of
materials.Breakage or damaged caused by transporting and/or handling shall be
replaced.
1.01.07The contractor shall take out the work accurately and shall establish grades based on
the
Benchmarks and points or references provided. Materials shall be stored and work
shall be conducted in such a manner as to preserve all reference marks. Re-
establishment of lines
and grades where necessary, due to negligence shall be done at the expense of the
contractor.

1.01.08 The contractor may require a reasonable number of tests to be made of the materials
and workmanship to be incorporated to the works. The contractor shall provide all
necessary labor, assistance and materials in taking the samples to an approved
laboratory.
The cost of testing samples that falls the test shall be borne by the contractor.
1.01.09Demolition shall be carried out in workmanlike and systematic manner to avoid any
undue
Nuisance or debris and with the due care and respect for public property and public
safety.
Dangerous partially demolished structures and open excavation shall be barricaded
and shall not be left unattented. Adequate warning and safety precautions, lighting at
nightshall be provided. The necessary demolition orders shall be provided.
1.01.10References to the standards specifications such as AASHTO or ASTM shall in every
casebe deemed to the latest editions or issue of such specifications. Such
specifications are preferred to by abbreviation for example AASHTO T-180 means
Standard Specificationfor Transportation Materials and Methods of Sampling and
Testing adopted by AASHTO,designation T-180, Reference to parts, items, clauses
or paragraphs which appear in thefollowing texts, but which have not title, shall be
parts, item, clauses or paragraphs in thisspecification.
1.01.11Throughout the Agreement, whenever practicable, The International System of Units
( S.I )has been used. Where not practicable, other customary units ( i.e., empirical or
non- SIMetric ) have been used.

In the Agreement, where measurement in two units are given, the
unbracketedmeasurement shall prevail over, the bracketed measurement, whicj is
given for guidance only.

1.01.12Whenever in the specifications or in the Agreement. Documents the following
abbreviationand terms are used, the intent and meaning shall be interpreted as
follows:

1.01.12.01 AASHTO American Association of State Highway and Transportation
Official
ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials

BS British Standard

AWWA American Water Works Association

ISO International Standard Organization

1.01.12.02 BASE A layer of specified materials placed immediately below
a surface treatment asphalt concrete surfacing or cement
concrete slab

Binder A course forming that part of the surfacing
Course Immediately below the wearing course.

Leveling An initial of variable thickness applied to

Course A pavement surface to adjust the shape prior
to placing further pavement courses

Original Ground Level The surfaceof the ground existing prior to the
commencement of the works

Right-of-way The land secured by government for highway purposes

Sub- base A layer of specified material placed between the base
course and the sub-grade

Subgrade/ Surface of one or more layers of screening or chippings
Formation embedded in a file of bituminous material
Surfacing The upper most layer or layers of pavements

Carriage-Way The portion of the road for movement of the
Vehicles exclusive of the shoulders.

1.01.13 The contractor shall provide record progress photographs taken as when and
where at intervals of not more than one month. The photographs shall be
sufficient in number and location to re-proof each photograph taken and negative
six colored copies not less than 102 mm x 127 mm and printed on glossy papers.
copies are to be signed by the contractor open of which will be signed by the
contractor open of which will be signed by the Engineers on site.

1.01.14The contractor shall provide the watchmen necessary to guard the site and
premises at all times

1.01.15Board signs, safety and other signs shall be shown on the drawings and shall be
erected to each site.

1.02 CLEARING & GRUBBING

1.02.01The areas defined herein shall be cleared by the contractor prior to the start
of construction, unless otherwise specified or directed, The area to be covered
by the permanent works shall be cleared of all trees, hedges, stumps, rubbish,
fallen logs and other vegetable which shall be disposed of by burning or other
approved methods, and all structures, fences and other constructions.
1.02.02 All trees outside the road, foothpath and drainage reserve shown on the drawings,
shallbe left standing unless otherwise marked in white paint for felling.

1.02.03 The areas covered by the permanent works, and indicated on the drawings, shall
be cleared of all vegetations including roots and grass.

Holes left by the removal of stumps or roots shall, within one week, be backfilled
and compacted as specified for the sub-grade, with approved material, if such
holes are within the permanent works. If outside these areas, depressions and
irregularities caused by removal of roots shall be leveled and graded.

1.02.04 Site Clearance. The quantity shall be measured in plan and shall be total area
within boundaries of the areas as specified in the Agreement or as directed to be
cleared less the area of existing traveled- ways.

The clearance of the specified areas will be measured per square meter.
1.03.01 This Item shall consist of site leveling, removing of top soil, transporting and
depositing it on storage piles and replacing as indicated in the plans or as directed,
in accordance with these specifications.

1.03.02 The areas from which stripping of topsoil may be required shall be as indicated
on the plans or as directed. The contractor shall remove topsoil from such portions
of these areas and to such depths as may direct. No stripping of topsoil over any
designated area shall be less than 15cm. in depth. The topsoil removed shall be
transported and deposited in storage pile at locations designated.

The topsoil shall be kept seperate from other excavated materials and shall be
completely removed to the required depth from any designated area prior to the
beginning of regular excavation or embankment work in th area.

1.03.03 The unit of measurement shall be in cubic meter. Measurement will be made
only on areas indicated on the plans or as directed.

1.03 ROADWAY AND DRAINAGE EXCAVATION

1.04-1. This Item shall consist of excavating and grinding of roadway, including
ditches, approaches and private entrances; excavating unsuitable sub-grade material
and/or metalling found in the roadway and ordered reserved for latter placement in
the improvement; excavating for removal of slide materials; and removing and
utilizing or disclosing of all excavated materials all in accordance with these
specification and in conformity with the lines and grades and dimensions shown
in plans or as stake. It shall include, when directed, the widening of roadway cuts
and flattening of cut slopes over the widths and slopes shown on the plans, where
necessary to obtain material needed for the construction of embankment and
backfilling to prevent opening of unsightly borrow pits or to increase stability of
or slopes.

1.04- 2. This Item shall include any necessary clearing and grubbing of the areas
staked for ROADWAY AND DRAINAGE EXCAVATION and if so required areas
outside the contiguous to the prism slope lines to a width of 1.5m except any portion
of such areas that is included within the boundaries staked for CLEARING and
GRUBBING and performed thereunder.

1.04-3 All authorized under this Item shall either be unclassified as indicated on the
plans.
Unless the bid schedule contains an estimated quantity for solid rock excavation and/or
common excavation, all excavation of unsuitable materials and excavation for removal of
slides and over breaks, shall be considered unclassified excavation regardless of the
nature of materials encountered of the manner in which they are removed.

1. When classification is called for the bid schedule, it shall consists of the excavation
from the roadway of boulders 1 cu.m in volume or greater and all rock in ledges,
bedded deposits, and conglomerate so firmly cemented as to present all the
characteristics of solid rock and which in the opinion would normally be removed
by drilling and blasting.

2. When the classification is called for in the schedule, it shall consist of all excavations
Under this Item, other than excavation of unsuitable material and excavation for
removal of slides and over breaks, not included in solid rock excavation.

3. It shall consist of the excavation of unsuitable material which cannot be satisfactorily
compacted or other materials which are unsuitable for foundation, roadbed, or other
roadway purposes, including but not limited to vegetable matter, garbage and bunk
files, whether on the surface or below.

4. When this classification is called for in bid schedule, the estimated quantity is the
volume of the material in natural position outsidethe planned roadway slopes, which
is unsuitable in the opinion of the Commission and constitutes potential slides, and
the volume of unavoidable over breaks when the slides occur. This Item shall consist
of the excavation for the removal of the slide materials and unavoidable over breaks
due to slides when not attributable to the carelessness of the contractor.

5. When in the opinion, material encountered are other than as shown on the plans. The
Engineer shall be notified prior to removal of any such material in order to permit
classifications and measurement.

CONSTRUCTION METHODS

1.04.03.1 All suitable materials remove from the excavation shall be used as far as
practicable in the formation in the embankment, subgrade, slope, bedding, backfill
for culverts and depressions elsewhere and in such other places shown in the plans and
for such other purposes as directed. No excavated material shall be wasted without
permission,and when material is to be wasted, it shall be disposed of as provided herein
or as directed.

During the progress of excavation, materials taken from cuts and deemed suitable for
placing to the roadbed on for sub- grade cushion or for topping material or road metalling
shall be saved and utilized for these purpose as directed.

Where so requires, coarse rock encountered in the excavation shall be conserved and used
as directed for constructing the slides of embankment adjacent to or parallel with any
stream or used where such material may serve as protection against slope or channel
erosion.

Suitable areas in excess of the requirements and unsuitable material removed from
excavation shall be known as waste . When indicated on the plans and permitted,
or directed, suitable waste shall be used to uniformly widen embankments, flatten slopes,
etc. preferably within the free haul distances; or otherwise, waste shall be removed and
disposed of outside the highway right of-way unless spoils banks or waste sites inside
the highway right - of -way are designated.

1.04.03.2 Prior to beginning excavation and grading operation in the area, all necessary
clearing and grubbing in all areas shall have been performed. It shall include clearing the
designated ground of all trees, down timber, snags, brash, and all other objectionable
materials and shall include grubbing stumps, rusts, and dispensing of all spoils materials
resulting from the clearing and grubbing, as directed. Designated shall be left standing
and uninjured.

On the areas staked for clearing and/ or grubbing beyond the road prism slope lines,
stamps may be left out flush with the ground in lieu of being removed when so ordered.

All stamps, bushes, roots over 8 cm in diameter, and matted roots, shall be grubbed and
removed to such depth that in no case will be extend closer to 60 cm to any sub- grade,
shoulder or slope surface.

1.04.03.3 Where shown in the plans or directed, excavation shall be made below profile
Grade or ground surface so required. The area so excavated shall be backfilled with
approved selected materials.

1.-04.03.4 Used of explosives in excavating materials which normally be removed
by drilling and blasting shall be in accordance with these specifications. The contractor
shall not employ any methods of blasting which will result in breakage beyond slope
lines or which is dangerous to public or destructive to property or natural features.
Excessive blasting or over shooting will not be tolerated. Any materials outside

the authorized section that become shattered or looses by blasting shall be removed
if so ordered except for the allowance for unavoidable over breakage provided for herein.

On the areas where blasting is not permitted solid rock excavation are powered
excavation machinery.

Solid rock excavation shall be undertaken such that the plan and sequence of grading
operations shall make use of all rock obtained from excavation in a manner
that,generally, rock is placed to form the base for the full width of the cross- section, on
the side slope or slope of an acceptable previously constructed embankment which has
been compacted as specified; if excavated with other materials at approximately the same
Time, rock is incorporated into the outer part of the embankment and the other materials
Incorporated into the inner part; in rock slopes the larger rock is placed at the outer face
and the smaller rocks and spells near the center; or when there is insufficient materials
other than rock encountered in the excavation to permit being properly compacted in
layers, the rock is placed for the full width of the embankment with the larger rock
distributed, the voids filled with smaller rock and the other materials other than rock
reserved for placement elsewhere as directed.

Where solid rock extends to or is encountered at or near sub-grade elevation, grading
shall be carried to a depth of 15 cm below it for the entire roadbed width and the surface
graded in such that no water, will be pocketed at any parts in the excavation and the
resulting excavated areasshall then be backfilled with approved granular materials to the
authorized grade.

Boulders and excavated rock shall be broken and reduce in size so as to be acceptable
for use in embankment is to be placed shall be removed. Materials which are unstable
or which cannot be satisfactorily compacted, below the natural ground line under
embankements, shall be removed to the extent directed by the engineer and shall be
disposed of as provided herein.

Where unstable material or other materials which is unsuitable is present at or below the
sub-grade elevation or where the unsuitable material encountered in excavating the
roadway extents threat, which in the judgement should be removed, it shall be excavated
to the depth as directed and the spaces created by the removal of unsuitable material
backfilled with approved material to the authorized lines and grades, placed and
compacted in layers in accordance with the provisions of EMBANKMENTS, before
placing any base course or surfacing thereon. The unstable material shall be disposed of
as provided herein.

1.04.03.6 The slide materials and over breaks as classified herein shall be removed as
directed and disposed of as provided therein.

1.04.03.7 The excavation shall be performed in such manner and sequence that suitable
Materials may be selected and removed separately.

When practicable, selected material encountered in excavating the roadway prism or
widening the roadway prism excavation shall be hauled directly from excavation to final
position on the roadbed,excavated, piled at locations as designated, and later placed on. If
handling the selected material directly from excavation to its final position at the time is
impracticable, selected materials shall remain in place until it can be placed in final
position of the roadbed or, if specifically be ordered, selected material shall be the
roadbed.

1.04,03.8 The widening of cuts on excavation section beyond the limits of the typical
cross- sections as shown on the plans is published in all instances except by written order
from the Engineer on site. When so directed, cuts shall be widened and/ or slopes
flattened over those shown on the plans where additional material is necessary for the
construction of embankment or for backfilling or to increase the stability of slopes.

1.04.03.09 Materials deposited in any stream channel which in any way whatsoever
obstruct or impairs the flow of any stream, thus endangering the roadway or stream bank,
shall be removed as directed.

1.04.03.10 Ditches shall be interpreted to mean roadway ditches and gutters, changes
of channel of stream, inlet and outlet ditches to culvert and other structures, and ditches
parallel to or in connection with the roadway but beyond the limits of the road prism as
constructed, whether the excavation is dry or wet. Ditches include any toe ditches that are
to be excavated at the toes of the embankment, as indicated on the plans. All ditches shall
be excavated under this Item, except such specific ditches that are denoted on the plans
for performance under EXCAVATION FOR STRUCTURES AND PROTECTION
DITCHES.

All materials excavated from ditches, except materials shown upon on the plans to be
placed in embankments, unless otherwise as directed. No excavation material or spoils
materials from ditch shall be deposited or left within 1.0m of the edge of the ditch unless
otherwise shown on the plans or ordered in writing.

All roots, stumps and other foreign matters in the sides and bottoms of the ditches and
gutters shall be cut and conform to the slope, grade and shape of the section shown. The
contractor shall maintain and keep open and free from leaves, sticks and other debris
in all ditches dug by him until final acceptance of the work.

1.04.03.11 During the construction of the roadway, the roadbed shall be maintained in
such condition that it will drain at all times. Side ditches and gutters emptying from cut
to embankment or otherwise, shall be constructed as to avoid damage to embankments by
erosion.

ROUNDING, WARPING AND FINSIHING SLOPES

a. Rounding The tops of all slopes, including the slopes of drainage ditches, shall be
rounded as indicated ( in approximation ) on the typical cross- section where the
material is other than solid rock. Rock such as grand stone and granite that is
decomposed to such extent that it has the same workability, as earth shall be
reconsidered as earth. A layer of earth overlying rock shall be rounded above the
rocks done in earth slopes.

b. Warping Adjustment in slopes to avoid injury to standing trees or marring of
weathered rock, or to harmonize with existing landscape features shall be made and
transition to such adjustment slopes shall be gradual. At intersection of cuts and fills,
slopes shall be adjusted and warped to follow into each other or into the natural
ground surface without noticeable break.

c. Finishing All earth slopes shall be finished to reasonably smooth surface that will
merge with the adjacent terrain without any noticeable break, and be substantial in
accordance with the plans or other surfaced indicated by the lines and cross sections
shown on the plans, with no variation there from readily discernible as viewd from
the road.

Degree of finish for grading of slopes shall be that ordinarily obtainable either from blade
grader or scraper operations of head shovels operation as the contractor may elect.The
nicety of the finish ordinarily associated with template and string line or hand raking
methods will not be required except in the case of shoulders and gutters.
1.04.03.12 The volume to be paid for shall be paid for shall be the number of cu. meter

measured in original position and computed by average and area method, of material
acceptably excavated as herein above prescribed. The measurement shall not be included
the volume of any material which is used for purposes other than those directed. The
cross-sectional area measured shall not include water or other liquid material which has
not been measured shall not include water or other liquid material which has not yet
been disturbed and which cannot be drained away.

The measurement shall include over breakage due to slides when not attributed to its
carelessness, authorized excavation of unsuitable subgrade material below grade. The
measurement shall also include unavoidable over breaking occurring in material that
would classify as solid rock,to an extent not to exceed 5% of the actual quantity
contained within the lines as shown on the plans for every 20 meters interval within
stations.

The measurement shall include the volume of loose rock and boulderscollected as
directed from ground within the limits of the roadway.

The measurement shall not include the volume of any sub-grade material or road
metalling found in the roadbed and merely sacrificed in site and laterre-placed
In the imnprovement entirely by roa mixing or simikar in-site methods or operations.

1.04.03.13 The volume measured as provided above shall be per cubic meter for
ROADWAY EXCAVATION,unclassified excavation, and ROADWAY AND
DRAINAGE EXCAVATION,Solid Rock Excavation and ROAD DRAINAGE
EXCAVATION, Common Excavation, ,ROADWAY AND DRAINAGE
EXCAVATION,excavation of unsuitable material; and ROADWAY AND DRINAGE
EXCAVATION,excavation for removal of slides and over break; as the case may be,
which prices and payment shall each constitute full compensation for (a), (b), (c), (d) and
(e) below, and for all labor,equipment, tools and incidentals necessary to complete each
class of excavation under the item save the exceptions stated therein:

(a) The excavating and hauling, except overhand, and the forming and compacting of
embankments, except as otherwise provided under ENBANKMENTs

(b) The bedding and backfilling for culverts, backfilling for depression and structure
other than pipe culverts and disposing of surplus structures and materials;

(c) The preparing and completing of sub-grade and shoulders, and conserving, including
stockpiling if necessary, of selected material for sub-garde cushion or road metalling,
salvaging of metalling, the rounding, warping and finishing of slopes, and for any
stripping of top soil when the bid schedule did not call for STRIPPING;

(d) Cleaning and grubbing of any descriptions necessary to the complention of this Item
or for other contract Items subsidiary to it, the disposing of the resulting spoils,
except any such work performed as ordered within areas shown, located and bounded
on the plans for CLEARING AND GRUBBING, except when the respective Item is
called for in the bid schedule; and

(e) The hauling for the disposal, whether suitable or unsuitable, and regardless of the
length of haul distance and of where it is disposed of

1.05. EMBANKMENT

1.05-1. This item shall consist of placing in embankment and all miscellaneous
backfills, materials excavated under Roadway and Drainage Excavation, Excavation
for Structures or Borrow, all in accordance with these Specifications and in
comfomity with the lines, grades, cross sections and dimensions shown on the plans or
a staked.

1.05-2. Materials for embankment shall consist of suitable materials.Embankments and
backfills shall contain no much trees or tree boles, stumps, standing or matted brush,
matted roots or rubbish, except standing stumps, if they do not extend more than 30 cm
above the original ground, may be left in fills provided they do not extend closer than
60 cm to any sub-grade, shoulder or slopes surface.Materials considered unsuitable for
embankment shall be disposed of as directed.

1.05-3. No embankment material shall be placed until be approved foundation.All
foundations for embankment shall be reasonably free from organic materials such as
leaves, grass, roots, etc. Whenever the foundation is of such nature that would impair
the stability of embankment, the unsuitable material shall be removed to the required
width and depth and shall be disposed of as directed.

Where embankments are to be constructed on hillsides, where new fill is to be
constructed against existing embankment, or where the embankment is to be built one-
half width at a time, the slopes of original hillsides, old embankment, or new shall be
cut into layers.Materials cut out shall be spread and compacted with the new fill.

Where embankment are to be constructed across low, swampy ground which will not
support the weight of hauling equipment, the lower part of the embankment may be
constructed by end-dumping , to form a uniform layer of a thickness not graeter than
necessary to support the hauling equipment while placing subsequent layers.The
remainder of such embankments shall be constructed in layers and compacted as
hereinafter specified.

There is a choice of materials, the excavation , when practible, shall be so performed to
allow the best material to be placed on top of the embankment for at least 30 cm in
depth.This paragraph shall not be interpreted so as to require the contractor to stockpile
and subsequently re-handle embankment material.

Embankment shall be placed and compacted in layers as hereinafter specified unless
other methods of construction are specifically authorized in writing.
Solid, sand, gravel materials of not more than 20 cm in thickness (loose measure) for
the full width of the cross-section shall be rolled.The moisture content of the material at
the start of rolling shall be at or near the optimum moisture, as determined by the
Standard Laboratory compaction test on soils (AASTHO Designation: T-180, Method C
or D)

Embankment material, which does not contain sufficient moisture to compact in
accordance with the above requirement, shall be sprinkled with water as
directed.Embankment material containing excess moisture shall be dried to the proper
consistency by approved method before compacting.

Each layer is compcted by rolling. The degree of copaction in each layer shall be
determined by the Standard field density test.Each layer shall attain the required
percentage of compaction before succeeding layer allowed to be placed.Where the
materials in the embankments permits practical density test,the contractor may, during
the progress of the work, make such test in accordance with AASHTO T-147, modified
to include only a material passing a -inch sieve, and if he finds the density is less than
95% of the maximum density as determined by AASHTO T-180, Method C or D, the
contractor shall perform additional rolling as ne necessary to abtain the density.

The contractor may permit compaction with type of equipment other than these
specified below provided he determines that use of the alternate equipment will
consistently produce densities of not less than 95% determined as provided above.The
contractors permission for the use of alternate compaction equipment shall set forth the
conditions under with the equipment to be used.

Ordinarily, roller with tamping roller shall be continued until the tamping feet walk
out i.e., until they penetrate no more than 3 cm into the compacted layer. When the
material contains coarse particles sufficient to make the use of tamping roller
impractical, a power roller weighing not less than 10 tons shall be used.If the material is
sand that cannot be compacted with a tamping roller, the use of pneumatic tire roller
may be required.

Rock fills shall be constructed in layers 20 to 75 cm in thickness that shall depend upon
the thickness of the rock therein, but not exceed 75 cm. Large rock shall be reduced in
size until can be readily incorporated into or granular materials shall be incorporated
with the coarse rock as it deposited to fill interstices and provide a dense solid
embankment.Although the general thickness of layer is limited as provided above, the
placing of individual rocks and boulders of size not exceeding 1.20 m in greatest
dimension will be permitted provided they are carefully distributed and the interstices
filled with finer material to form a dense compact mass.

In embankment ground structures, the embankment shall be brought up in equal layers
on all sides of the bulkhead columns, or walls to prevent distortion of any to these
parts.Areas inaccessible to the tamping or power roller shall be in hand tamped until
thoroughly compacted.
When the embankment is less than 1.0 m in height are to be placed on cultivated fields
or in lightly compacted soils, the ground surface shall be rolled with a tamping roller
until the top 20 cm are compacted satisfactorily.

The material in the top of 20 cm layer of sub-grade in cuts shall be compacted in the
same manner as the adjoining embankment.Sub-grade in cuts, having loose densities
shall be compacted with tamping roller until the top 20 cm attain the required density.
Where necessary the top 20 cm shall be excavated and/or scarified, and if required,
approved material shall be substituted prior to compaction of the embankment to meet
specification requirements.

The roller used shall conform to the requirements specified under Rolling Item
114.At least one power roller shall be required otherwise provided to the Special
Provisions.At least one tamping roller shall be provided for each 75 cu meters, or
fraction thereof, of embankment material placed per hour.When several fills each of
small area, are so isolated from one another tthat one roller cannot compact the area
satisfactorily, additional rollers shall be provided.The contractor may order to suspend
or adjust its excavating operations to isure the proper consolidation of the embankment.

The contractor shall so direct its handling equipment as to assist in the uniform
compaction of the embankments.


1.06 SUB-GRADE PREPARATION

1.06.01 The sub-grade preparation shall be that part of the work, which is the
preparation of the top layer of the earthworks for the support of the sub-base, or if there is
no sub-base, the surfacing of the pavement structure.It shall extend to the full width of
the road including the shoulders and lay by as shown on the Drawing or as specifidied
herein.Unless otherwise agreed, sub-grade preparation of a section of road shall not be
commended unless the contractor is able, after the completion and acceptance of the
work, to commence immediately pavement construction.

1.06.02 Prior to commencing the preparation of sub-grade all culvert cross drains, ducts
and the like ( including their compacted backfill ) ditches, drains and drainage outlets
shall be completed. No work shall be started on the preparation of the sub-grade before
the prior works herein approved.

The sub- grade in both cuttings and embankment shall be 150mm in depth, and shall be
Processed and compacted in one layer in a methodical nad orderly manner, processing
from one end of the work to the other. The latter shall be compacted throughout to
minimum density of 95% Modified AASHTO compaction and the moisture content
in the range minus (-3 % ) three percent to one plus ( +1% ) of Optimum Moisture
Content for Mdified AASHTO compaction, unless otherwise directed.

The material so compacted shall have a soaked CRR value not less 7%. The subgrade
shall be formed in accordance with the correct lines,slope widths and levels shown on
Drawings. All provisions dealing with the drainage of the works in relation to earthworks
, shall apply to the sub-grade. In addition, the sub- grade shall be cleared of all foreign
Matters and all pot-holes, loose materil, ruts, corrugations, depression or other defects
Which appear in the sub-grade from whatever cause shall be remedied by scarifying,
mixing,grading, watering and compacting to line and level at his own expense, if so
instructed.

1.06.03 The allowable tolerances for the sub-grade level prior to the placing of the sub-
base or base course are given in the following tables:


SUB-GRADE
LEVEL

SUB-BASE

BASE
Permitted variation
from design
THICKNESS OF
DRYER ( mm)


+20
-20

+10
-10
Permitted variation
From design
THICKNESS OF
SURFACE (mm)

+20
-30

+20
-20

+05
-10
Permitted SURFACE
IRREGULARITY
MEASURED BY 5
METER SRAIGHT-
EDGE (mm )

30

20

05
Permitted Variation
From design Cross-
fall or camber ( % )
+
-0.5
+
-0.3
+.02
-

Permitted Variation
from design
LONGITUDINAL
GRADE OVER 25
mm length ( % )

+0.10
-

+
-0.10

+
-0.10

NOTES:

1. For tolerances of flexible surfacing and cement concrete pavement, see Table 4A.
2. For a base designed to be surfaced with bituminous surface treatment the tolerances
for the base shall conform to the requirements of Table 4A.


Any parts of the sub-grade that has been completed shall be protected and damaged resulting
from default shall be repaired as directed.

The contractor shall be responsible for all the consequences traffic being admitted to the sub-
grade. He shall repair and cuts or ridges occasion by his own traffic or that of the other by re-
shaping and compacting. He shall limit the amount of sub-grade preparation to an idea that can
be maintained with the equipment available. He shall arrange for the sub-grade and sub- base
or base placing to follow each other closely.The sub- grade when prepared too soon in relation
to the laying of sub- base, is liable to deteriorate, and in such case shall repair,re-roll, or compact
the sub-grade as maybe necessary to restore it to state specified herein.

The contractor shall provide for use, satisfactorily templates and straight edges in sufficient
numbers to check the accuracy of the work, as provided in the specification.

1.07 AGGREGATE SUB- BASE

1.07.01 This Item shall consist of material obtained from sources suggested on the plans
or as directed.

1.07.02 Aggregate sub-base shall consist of gravel, talus rock, disintegrated granite,
sand, shell cinders, coral, or other similar materials; or additional filler for blending,
selected under the direction of the Engineer. The maximum dimension of any particles
shall not be greater than two-thirds of the required thickness of the layer in which is to be
placed. Oversized material if present shall be removed at the pit by screens, grizzlies, or
hand picking. If necessary to obtain proper uniformity, additional filler shall be blended
by mixing the roadway. The fraction of the Aggregate Sub-base material including any
additional filler passing the No. 200 sieve shall not be more than two- thirds ( 2/3) of that
passing the No. 40 sieve but not to exceed 20 %. The fraction of the material passing the
No. 140 sieve shall have a liquid limit not greater than 25 and Plasticity Index of not
more than 6.

1.07.03 Borrow pits shall be cleared and grubbed, where necessary, within the limits as staked.
Unsuitable over burden shall be stripped and disposed or as directed. The dimension of
the borrow pit will be designated, and shall not excavate below the depth given, except
with the consent of the contractor. The depth of excavation throughout the area shall
be as uniform as practicable and the side slopes shall be dressed as such slope as may
direct.

The material shall be placed in position as indicated on the plans or as directed, in
accordance with the provisions of Embankment.

1.07.04 Volume of the aggregate sub-base material shall be the number of aggregate sub-base
materials, including all fillers, placed, blended and accepted to the completed aggregate
sub-base course. Measurement shall be made in the vehicle at the point of delivery.

When additional filler material is blended with the aggregate sub- base material
Previously delivered on the road, the blended aggregate sub-base material shall be
measured by applying a reduction factor determined by laboratory test, to the sum of
separate volumes of the materials before blending.

MATERIALS

a.) Sub- base Materials

Sub- base material shall be crushed rock; soil aggregate uncrushed stone materials or
other naturally occurring material, which shall conform to the following
requirements;

Grading:
Sieve Size Percent Passing by Weight
50mm 100%
37mm 95-100%

Soil Properties:
The fraction of the materials passing 425mm sieve shall have the following
properties:

Liquid Limit 35( max )
Plasticity Index 15 ( max )
Linear Shrinkage 6 ( max )

Durability

The materials shall have be crushed rock, soil aggregates or other naturally occurring
material which shall be free at organic or other deleterious matter which shall
conform to the following requirements:

Grading
Sieve Size Percentage Passing by Weight
35.0mm 90-100%
26.5mm 80-100%
19.0mm 70-100%

For the fraction passing the 19mm sieve the material shall conform to the following
grading:

Sieve Size Percentage Passing by Weight
19.00 mm 100%
9.00 mm 50- 75 %
4.7 5 mm 35- 55%
0.425 mm 10-22 %

0.075 mm Not less than 5 and not more than .425 sieve


Soil Properties:
The fraction of material passing the 0.425mm sieve shall have the following
properties:

Liquid Limit 35( max )
Plasticity Index 15 ( max )
Linear Shrinkage 6 ( max )

1.08 AGGREGTE BASE COURSER ( GRAVEL, CRUSHED GRAVEL OR CRUSHED
STONE )


1.08.01 This Item shall consist of foundation for surface course, composed
of gravel, crushed gravel, or crushed stone and filler, material, whichever is called for
in the bid schedule, constructed in a prepared roadbed in one or more layers, in
accordance with these specifications and in conformity with the lines, grades and
typical cross- section on the plans.

1.08.02 Materials for aggregate base course shall consist of hard, durable fragments of stone
or gravel and filler of sand or other finely mineral matter. The composite material
shall be free from vegetable matter and lumps or balls or clay.

1.08.03 In addition to the requirements in Article 1.07.01, the completion material for
aggregate base course shall be uniformity graded from course to fine and shall
conform with the requirements for grading given in Table 1.07.01

The portion of the material retained on a no. 4 sieve shall be known as coarse
aggregate, and that portion passing a no. 4 sieve shall be known as filler.


TABLE 20-1

Sieve Percentage by Weight Passing Mesh Sieves

Designation Grading Grading Grading Grading
A B C D


2 100
1 100
1 55-85 100
60-90
3/8 35-60 40-70 45-75 50-100
No. 4 25-50 30-55 35-60 40-65
No. 10 20-40 20-45 35-50 30-55
No. 40 8-20 10-25 15-30 15-35
No. 200 2 -8 4-10 5-15 5-15

For all grading, the percentage passing the No. 200 sieve shall not more than 2/3 the
percentage passing of the No. 40 sieve. The course aggregate shall have the percentage of wear
of not more than the 50 at 500 revolutions as determined by AASHTO Method T-96 ( Los
Angeles Rattler Test )

The portion of thefiller passing the No. 40 sieve including blended filler shall be known as Soil
Bidder, and shall have a liquid limit of not more than 25 and a Plasticity Index of not more than
6 as determined by AASHTO Method T-89 and T -90, respectively.

If crushed gravel or crushed stone aggregate base is called for in the bid schedule not less than
Sixty ( 60 % ) percent by weight of the coarse aggregate particles shall have atleast (1 ) fracture
Face.

1.08.04 If filler in addition to that naturally present in aggregate base materials is necessary for
meeting the grading requirements or for bonding of the material, it shall be uniformly
blended with the base course material at the screening or crushing plant, or on the road.
The material for such purpose shall be obtained from sources as approved, shall be free
from hard lumps and shall not contained more than 15% of material retained on the No. 4
sieve.

1.08.05 Before any base course materials is placed, the subgrade shall be constructed, prepared
and finished as provided upon Item for SUBGRADE.

1.08.06 The base course material shall be placed on the prepared sub- grade and compacted in
layers of uniform thickness to give the required compacted depth indicated on the plans.
The depositing and spreading of material on the prepared sub- grade, or on the preceding
completed layers shall commence at the point farthest from the point of loading, unless
otherwise directed, and shall progress continuously without brakes, unless otherwise
directed. The material shall be deposited and spread upon the sub-grade or preceding
compacted layer, in layers of uniform thickness and without segregation of size, to such a
loose depth of not more than 15cm. each layer that when compacted making due
allowance for any filler that is to be blended on the road, the layer shall have the required
compacted thickness. Spreading shall be from dump boards, spreader boxes, or approved
mechanical equipment or from moving vehicles equipped to distribute the material in
uniform layer. Material may be initially placed by approved windrow method whenever
the equipment so required. When more than one layer is required,the construction
procedure described below shall apply similarly to each layer.

When hauling is done over previously placed material, hauling equipment shall be routed
as uniformly as possible over the entire area of previously constructed layers.

1.08.07 When additional filler is required and it is to be open blended with the material on the
road, the blending material shall be spread in uniform layer over the loosely spread base
layer in the amounts set, using spreader boxes or other approved devices. Addition filler
shall be such that the blend of added and original material placed shall meet grading
and quality requirements in all respects.

1.08.08 After such layer of base course material has been placed and blending material added
when required, as described above, it shall be thoroughly mixed to the full depth of the
required layer by means of a self-propelled or tractor drawn blade grader having a blade
atleast 15 feet and weighing not less than 3 tons. Other methods of equipment may be
used, when approved in writing, provided it can be shown they give results equivalent to
the equipment specified above. Immediately before and during the mixing, water shall be
added in the amount necessary to provide the optimum moisture content for compacting
as specified below. When uniformly mixed, the moisture shall be spread to a uniform
thickness or, in case of the top layer, to the cross- section shown on the plane.

The contractor shall so schedule his operations as to assure completion of spreading
within 48 hours after processing.

1.08.09 Immediately following final mixing and spreading, all materials placed shall be
compacted to the full width by rolling with a 3- wheeled or tandem roller weighing
atleast 8 tons or with a multiple-wheeled rubber tired roller loaded as directed to give
satisfactory compaction. Rolling shall progress gradually from the sides to the center,
parallel with the center line of the road lapping each preceding rolled track as
directed.Rolling shall continue until the actual density of the layer being compacted
reaches at least one hundred ( 100% ) percent of the specified density pre-determined.
any irregularity or depressions that develop under such rolling shall be corrected by
loosening the material at these places and adding or removing material until the surface
is smooth and uniform.

During the progress of the work, the contractor may make density tests in accordance
with AASHTO T-147, modified to include only materials passing a sieve, and if he
finds the density is less than 100% of the maximum density as determined by AASHTO
T-18, Method C or D, the contractor shall perform additional rolling or tamping as may
be necessary to obtain that density. Other types of field density tests maybe used for
control purposes after density values corresponding to these, obtained by AASHTO T-
147 have been established.

The contractor may permit the use of compacting equipment other than those specified
above, provided that the required density can be produced by its equipment.

After rolling described above had been compacted,the surface shall be bladed or
smoothed as described in Article 1.08.06 above. Blading or smoothing and rolling
shall be performed alternately as required to maintain a smooth, even, uniformly
compacted base until any surface or treatment that may be provided for in the same
contract is placed thereon, headers, or walls and all places not accessible to the roller,
the base material shall be tempted thoroughly with mechanical tamper or weigh not less
than 22 kilos and have a face area of not more than 650 square centimeters. The material
shall be sprinkled with water during rolling, tamping and blading when and if directed.

1.08.10 When directed on the plans, the course material shall be stockpiled in the amounts
and at the locations so indicated. Stockpiles shall be shaped as directed . Prior to
stockpiling, the site shall be cleared, cleaned and leveled.

1.09 CONCRETING

This sections includes the finishing and placing of all concrete made from approved
Portland cement,water, fine and coarse aggregate and plain reinforced structures all in
accordance with the settings and specifications.

1.09.01 The design of concrete mixes shall be the sole responsibility of the contractor. Mix
design shall be in all cases is subject to the approval but this shall, in no way relieve
the contractor of the full responsibility for the the design and production of concrete
to meet the full requirements of the specifications.

Before commencing any concreting, the contractor shall make preliminary trial mixes
under full scale conditions using samples of aggregates and cement typical of those to be
used on the works.

Full details of the trial mixes to be used in the works shall be based on satisfactory results
of the preliminary tests. No concreting shall commence until approval is given. The
contractor shall make trial mixes whenever a change is intended in the materials or in
the proportions of the materials to be used.

The concrete grades to be used in different sections of the works are indicated on the
Contract Drawings, and a description of their grades, lasses, and general uses of
specification is given in the following Table. A minimum of two cube test samples
shall be taken from each batch made or delivered to the Works. One shall be tested at
7 days and the other 28 days.
TABLE 5-A
REQUIREMENTS FOR CONCRETE
___________________________________________________________________
Class Max. Size Compression Grade Where
Coarse Strength ( Work Test ) Used
Aggregate 7 days 28 days
mm n/mm2 n/mm2

A 19 16 25 25 Liquid
Retaining
Structure
B 19 13.4 21 21 Structural
Concrete
C 40 10 15 15 Mass Concrete

D 30 7.60 10 7 Lean Concrete
for Blinding


Class A Concrete shall be used for liquid retaining structures either for reinforced or
non- reinforced work such as septic tanks, etc. unless otherwise specified.

Class B Concrete- shall be used for non- reinforced and reinforced structures except
where otherwise specified as indicated.

Class C Concrete shall be used for pipe surrounds anchor blocks and where otherwise
specified as ordered by the Engineer.
Class D Concrete shall be used in layers as blinding below footings, culverts and other
Structures as shown on the drawings or directed by the Engineer.

Cement Mortar shall be mortar consisting of 1 part of cement to 2 parts of sand without
each quality of water to produce the minimum plasticity and maximum strength for the
work for which it is required and shall be used within one hour of mixing.

Cement grout used for use in bonding stone riprap shall consist of cement and such
quantity of water as is necessaryto produce the minimum plasticity for the work. It shall
be used while fresh and within 30 mins of mixing.

1.09.02 Cement shall be at approved manufacturing and ordinary Portland
Cement shall conform to the requirement for clause 1.09.01.

The cement shall be obtained from one manufacturer unless otherwise authorized. Should
the use of cement from different manufacturer be authorized,, the different makes of
cement must be under any circumstances be mixed.

If called upon to do so, the contractor shall at his own expense, obtain from the
manufacturer a certificate to the effect that any consignment of cement has been tested
and analyzed, and that such test and analysis commonly in all respects with the above
standard. Each certificate shall clearly the date of dispatch and the number of bags or
pockets dispatched in each consignment.

Consignment of cement shall be used in the same order as they are delivered to site.No
cement shall be stored on site longer than three months from the date of dispatch by the
manufacturer. If not used within the period, the cement shall be removed from the works.

All cement shall be brought to the site in sealed paper sacks. Cement from damaged sacks
may not be used in any structural portion of the works.

Cement shall be used on site in weather proof, well-ventilated shade provided with a
damp-proof floor.

1.09.03 The coarse aggregate shall be crushed stone or gravel of approved quality and
source of supply. Pliable, flaky and laminated pieces shall only be present in such
quantities as not adversely affect the strength and durability of the concrete.

In the case of crushed stone, the dust content must not exceed 3 % otherwise the stone
must be washed before used.

While stone from different sources may, with the contractors approval, be used in
different portions of the works, the mixing of different sources is not permissible.

MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS

1.09.04 Portland Cement shall conform to the requirement of AASHTO M-85.
Samples of cement shall be obtained in accordance with AASHTO T-127. Only Type-I
Cement shall be used unless otherwise stated in the Contract.

1.09.05 The fine aggregate shall consists of sand, stone, screenings or other approved
inert materials with similar characterisitcs, or a combination thereof, having clean, hard
strong, sound, durable, uncoated grains, free from injurious amount of dust, lumps, soft
or flaky particles, shale, alkali, organic matter, loam or other deleterious substances, and
shall not contain more than 3% of material passing the 0.0075mm ( No. 200 ) sieve by
washing not more than 1% of shale. The use of beach sand is prohibited without consent.

2. For exposed work, the fine aggregate shall be free from any substance that will
discolor the concrete surface.

3. The fine aggregate shall be tested for sodium sulfate soundness in accordance with
AASHTO T-104 five cycles and shall show a maximum loss of not more than 10%.

4. The fine aggregate shall be uniformly graded and when tested in accordance with
AASHTO T-11 and T-127 shall meet the grading requirements shown in Table 5-B.













TABLE 5-B

REQUIREMENTS FOR FINE AGGREGATE

: US : STANDARD SIEVE : PERCENTAGE PASSING BY :
: mm : Alternative : Weight :


: 9.5 : ( 3/8 in ) : 100 :
: 4.75 : ( No. 4 ) : 95-100 :
: 1.18 : ( No. 16 ) : 45 -100 :
: 0.30 : ( No. 50 ) : 10- 100 :
: 0.150 : ( No.100 ) : 2 100 :


5. Fine Aggregates shall of such quality that mortar specimens, prepared with standard
Portland Cement and tested in accordance with AASHTO T-171, shall develop a
compressive strength at 7 days of not less than 90% of the strength developed by a
mortar prepared in the same manner with the same cement and graded Ottawa sand
having a fineness modulus of 2.40 + 0.10. Natural aggregates shall be thoroughly
and uniformly washed before use.

6. Testing of fine aggregate is specified in Testing and Materials

1.09.06 1. The coarse aggregate shall consist of crushed or uncrushed stone, gravel or other
approved inert material s with similar characteristic or a combination thereof having
clean, hard, strong, sound, durable uncoated particles, free from injurious amount of
soft, friable, thin elongated, or laminated pieces, alkali, organic or other deleterious
matter and conforming to the requirements of the specifications.

2.The coarse aggregate shall be uniformed grading with maximum sizes as required
for the various classes of concrete as shown in Table 5A.

3. Not more than 5% shall pass a 2.36mm ( No. 8 ) Sieve

4. Coarse aggregate shall contain not more than 1 % by weight of material passing
t he 0.075mm ( No. 200 ) sieve by washing, not more than 5% of soft fragments.

5. It shall have an abrasion loss not more than 40% at 500 revolutions, in accordance
With AASHTO T -96.

6. In accordance with AASHTO T-104, testing with five cycles the sodium sulfate
soundness shall not more than 12% loss.

7. Natural aggregates shall be thoroughly washed before use. Testing of coarse

aggregate is specified under clauses.

8. Shall be tested for sodium sulfate soundness in accordance with AASTO T-104
five cycles and shall show a maximum loss of not more than 10%.

1.09.07 1. The aggregate shall unless otherwise ordered be combined in proportions to produce
a mixture within the grading limits for combines aggregate as shown in Table 5- C.

TABLE 5-C
GRADING OF COMBINED AGGREGATE

mm Alternative CLASS
B A D C Y
50.0 2 in 100 - - - -
37.5 1 1/2" 80-100 100 - - -
25.00 1 " 50-86 80-100 100 - -
19.00 3/4" 45-75 55-100 50-100 100 -
12.50 1/2" - - - 100 -
0.50 3/8" 38-55 45-75 73-100 73-100 80-100
4.75 No. 4 30-45 35-60 55-80 55-80 55-100
2.36 No.8 23-38 27-45 42-60 42-60 42-60
1.18 No. 16 17-33 20-35 35-48 35-48 35-48
0.60 No. 30 10-22 12-25 20-33 20-33 20-33
0.30 No. 50 4-10 5-15 9-20 9-20 9-20
0.15 No. 100 1-3 1-15 1-6 1-6 1-6
0.075 No. 200 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2
US STANDARD SIEVE PERCENT PASSING BY WEIGHT

1.09.08 1. All cement shall be stored, immediately upon arrival of the site of the work, in
the weather proof buildings that will protect the cement from dampness. The floor
shall be raised from the ground. The buildings shall be placed in locations as
approved. Provisions for storage shall be ample , and the shipment of cement as
received shall be separately stored in such manner as to allow the earliest
deliveries to be used first and to provide easy access for identification and
inspections of each shipment. Storage building shall have the capacity for
storage of a sufficient quantity of cement to allow sampling at least 12 days
before the cement is to be used. Bull cement, if used, shall be transferred to
elevated air tight and weatherproof bins. Stored cement shall meet the test
requirements at any time after storage when re-test as ordered. At the time of
use all cement shall be free flowing and free of lumps.


2. The handling and storing of concrete aggregates shall be such as to prevent
Segregation or the inclusion of foreign materials. The contractor may require
that aggregates be stored on separate platform at satisfactory locations.

3. In order to secure the greater uniformity of the concrete mix, the contractor
may require that the coarse aggregate be separated into two or more sizes.
Different sizes of aggregates shall be stored in separate bins or in separate
stocked piles sufficiently removed from each other to prevent the material at the
edges of the piles from becoming inter mix.

1.09.09 1. The water of curing, for washing aggregates and for mixing shall be subject to
approval. It shall be free from oil and shall not contain more than 1,000 parts per
million of chlorides as C.I, nor more than 1,300 parts per million of sulfates as
SO4. In no case shall be water contain an amount of impurities that will cause
a change in the setting time of Portland Cement of more that 25% nor a reduction
in the compressive strength of mortar at 14 days of more than 5% when compared
to the results obtained with distilled water.

2. In non- reinforced concrete work, the water for curing, for washing aggregates
and for mixing shall be free from oil and shall not contain more than 2,000 parts
per million of chlorides as C. I, nor more than 1,500 parts per million of sulfates
as SO4.

3. In addition to the above requirements, water for curing concrete shall not
Contain any impurities in a sufficient amount to cause discoloration of the
concrete or produce etching of the surface.

4.When required, the quality of the mixing water shall be determined by the
Standard Method of Test for Quality of Water to be used in concrete, AASHTO.

5.Admixture shall only be used with the written permission. If air entraining
agents, set retarders or strength accelerators permitted to be used, they shall not be
used, they shall not be used in greater dosages than those recommended by the
manufacturer, or as permitted.

1.09.10 The used of admixture fro improving workability accelerating or retarding setting
or for any other purposes, shall only be used with approval. In such instances the
method of use shall be strictly in accordance with the manufacturers instructions
or recommendations.

1.09.11 All concrete mixes are to weigh batched unless otherwise approved. Batching
and mixing of materials shall at all times be under the control of a competent
operator who shall continuously supervise while the concrete is being mixed.

The concrete for all parts of the works shall be produced from a concrete batching
and mixing plant installed in a suitable position on the as near as possible to the
place of deposit.

The method of mixing and discharging each batch shall be as to produce a dense,
homogeneous concrete without aggregation or an excess of water.

All aggregates shall be measured be weight and the concrete shall be mixed in
Batches containing an exact number of bags of cement, each weighing 50
measurement of cement by volume or subdivision of bags will not be permitted
under any circumstances.

The contractor, on the basis of results obtained from the trial mixes, will approve
quantity of water used for each batch. Water shall be accurately gauged by
volume or weight in a suitable, calibrated container. The container shall permit
the hand controlling of the quantity of water on each batch to give the water-
cement ratio required. The container shall be capable of uniformly delivering
water to the mixer within an accuracy of 1 % of the required quantity and also of
easy and rapid adjustments to allow for variation in the water content of
aggregates.

The quantity of materials in each batch shall not exceed the rated capacity of the
Mixer. Mixing shall continue at the approved speed for the particle machines
for at least 2 minutes after all the materials including the water are passed into the
drum and before any portion of the batch is discharged. Concrete shall be
discharged . Concrete shall be discharged as soon as possible after mixing.

If the mixer is stopped for any period over 30 mins, it shall be washed out before
Using re-used. For all parts of the structure, half of the coarse aggregate shall be
omitted from the first batch in a clean mixer or when placing concrete against
other concrete which has already set.

The contractor shall be required to have a daily return of the number of bags
of cement, and the quantities of fine and coarse aggregates used, the grade of
concrete poured, and the location thereof for each concreting operation, in order
a check may be kept on the ingredients used per cubic meter of each grade of
finished concrete.

Weigh batching plant must be checked weekly and the water gauging equipment
checked daily before concrete mixing commences in the presence of the
contractor or his representative. All inaccuracies in batching gauging, or
mechanical defects in plant shall be rectified before mixing commences.

1.09.12 All concrete shall be placed in a formwork as soon as possible after it leaves the
Mixer. Any concrete which has been placed within thirty minutes after mixing
shall be rejected, in which case it may not be used in works whether remixed
or not. Under no circumstances much water is added to the concrete once it has
left the mixer.

Only completely watertight vehicles, hoppers chutes and platforms shall be used
to convey concrete from the mixers. The containers for conveying the concrete
shall be thoroughly cleaned immediately after use and in the sides dampened before
work is started or re-started to prevent cement and fine material in the first batch
adhering to the sides.

Adequate precautions shall be taken to protect the concrete against wetting or drying
out through exposure to the weather and to prevent segregation and consolidation
of the mix due to prolonged jolting of the concrete.

1.09.13 Before concreting commences in any section, the contractor shall approve the
positioning, fixing and condition of the reinforcement and of any other items to
be embedded and the cleanliness, alignment and suitability of the containing
surfaces. Concrete shall not be placed in standing or running water unless so
specified and approves the method of placement. Such approval must be conveyed
in writing.

Before placing new concrete on or against previously placed and set concrete, the
older concrete shall be thoroughly cleaned and scarified to remove laitance, and
washed with water. Where possible laitance shall be removed before it becomes
too hard to remove with a wire brush.

In the case of vertical construction joints, and elsewhere as instructed, the whole of
the existing surface of concrete against which new concrete is to be placed, is to be
hacked clean by a brush hammer or similar power tool to produce a though, clear
surface with the aggregate exposed.

Immediately before concreting commence, the framework and exposed faces of
old concrete are thorough cleaned by washing off with or by means of an air hose
so that all dust, wood chips , sawdust or other deleterious matter is removed. The
framework and exposed faces of old concrete shall be kept cleaned until covered
with new concrete.

Before deposition of concrete on rock foundation the surface shall be thoroughly
wetted and cleaned by the application of water, or of water and air under pressure
from hoses. No concrete shall be deposited until the surface has been cleaned and
passed satisfactorily.

Faults or seams in rock shall be cleaned to a depth satisfactorily and if necessary
stemmed with cement mortar or an approved mix.

1.09.14 The contractor shall have an allowance at least 24 hours notice of his intention
to place concrete in only particular section of the works.

Concrete shall not be placed to any part of the structures until the formwork;staging
reinforcing steel and preparation for casting have been approved.

An experienced responsible foreman shall at all times supervise concreting operations.
They shall be conducted in an orderly manner and no concrete shall be left for more than
45 minutes before freshly mixed concrete is placed on or concrete shall not be left in the
hot sun before being placed in the works.

Concrete shall be placed in such manner that segregation of the ingredients does not
occur displacement of reinforcement takes place.

It shall be deposited in the forms in horizontal layers as near on the final position as
possible.

No concrete shall be freely dropped through a vertical height of not more than one meter,
but must be lowered in buckets or skips or by means of chutes or pipes all for approval.

1.09.15 Where chutes are used, their slopes shall not be such as to cause segregation and suitable
spouts or baffles shall be provided to prevent segregation during discharge.

All chutes, skips and pipes shall be thoroughly cleaned before and after each run and the
debris and any water used shall be discharge outside the construction.

1.09.16 All concrete shall be compacted by means of immersion vibrators. The diameter of the
vibrating element shall be at large as possible, consistent with its working between the
reinforcing bars. The apparatus shall have sufficient power to enable it to vibrate the
appropriate mass of concrete at between 6,000 to 12,000 cycles per minute, without
any appreciable retardation of laboring. The depth to which the concrete is placed shall
not exceed 500mm or the length of the vibrating element. The element shall be inserted
laid concrete, and shall not be allowed to touch the formwork or cause displacement.
Vibration shall be continued or until no more air bubbles come to the surface.

All concrete shall also be thoroughly worked during placing so as to force all coarse
Aggregate away from the surface of the shutter and produce a smooth finish, free from
water or air pockets and honeycombing.

Over vibration causing segregation, excess surface laitance or leakage through formwork
shall be avoided.

Concreting shall be carried out continuously between approved construction joints until
Completion.

1.09.17 All newly placed concrete shall be protected against any process likely to interfere
with its setting and no concrete shall be subjected to any load until it has thoroughly set.
Shuttering shall not be jarred, and no stress shall be placed on the end projecting
reinforcement.

Concrete shall prosecuted during the first stage of setting from the harmful effects
of sunshine, drying winds, cold, rain or running water by means of wet sacking,
tarpaulins or other approved materials.

The contractor shall effect during of all concrete unless otherwise directed by covering
the concrete with a layer of sacking, canvass, hession, straw mats or other similar
absorbent, material, after wetting the concrete thoroughly. It shall be covered with
a layer of approved waterproof or plastic membrane kept in contact with the concrete.

Curing shall begin as soon as the concrete is sufficiently hard for its surface not
to be marked by covering water spray and shall continue for at least seven days, and
longer if so instructed.
All measures necessary for the protection of the concrete shall be included in the
scheduled rates for the concrete.
1.09.18 Any concrete produced and/or place during adverse weather conditions shall
have been at the contractors own risk. The contractor shall have the power to order the
suspension of concrete production and/or placing whether he considers such conditions
prevail. Any wasted or damaged concrete resulting from the continuation of work in
adverse weather conditions shall be removed and replaced.
Concrete mixed or placed while the temperature is above 30 degrees C, or even less when
in combination with other unfavorable conditions such as low relative humidity and/or
high wind velocity, shall be protected by methods approved. Any loss if slump occurring
during such conditions shall on no account be compensated for extra mixing water. The
contractor shall make every endeavor to keep the materials, plant and formwork cool
prior to and during, concreting by erecting sunshades, spray-fogging, etc., the contractor
shall supply an accurate maximum and minimum thermometer and hang it in an approved
position on the works.
It is the contractors sole responsibilities to produce concrete of the specified quality and
all methods for protecting the concrete during adverse weather conditions and shall be
deemed to be included in his rates of concrete. Defective concrete under such conditions
may be replaced or repaired as directed.
1.09.19 the reinforcement shall be of the type, size and shapes as shown on the
reinforcement schedules or drawings. All bonding shall be performed cold and shall
comply with the specifications.
The contractor shall all requirements are correctly labeled with the appropriate reference
number and arranged in suitable bundles for easy selection. The bundles shall be stocked
clear for the ground in easy accessible positions that do not in any way hinder the
progress of work and shall be kept clean.
The reinforcing steel shall be thoroughly cleaned of mill scale and rust, mortar oil, paint,
dust, and any other coatings of deleterious foreign matter that might adversely affect the
bond between steel and concrete.
The number, size, form and position of all steel bars, ties, links, and other numbers of the
reinforcing system shall be in accordance with the Working Drawings, unless directed
otherwise. Tying wires shall be 1.0 or 2.5 mm diameter soft annealed wire. The ends of
tying wire shall be turned into the body of the concrete and not project towards the
surface of the concrete.
Notification of at least 24 hours before placing the concrete shall be given to the
concerned party for inspection of reinforcements. The fixing of the reinforcement shall
have been fully completed prior to inspection. Approval will not be given to
reinforcement that is incomplete or still being fixed at the time of inspection. No concrete
shall be placed until inspected and the reinforcements approved.
Nobody shall be allowed to alter the specified position of reinforcement and shall ensure
that reinforcement is not placed during concreting or after its position has been approved.
No welding of reinforcements shall be permitted without written position.
The minimum thickness of concrete to cover the reinforcement shall be as indicated on
the Detailed Drawings no more than the detailed dimensions of +5mm. The specified
cover shall be maintained through the use of pre-cast mortar blocks in sufficient
quantities so as to prevent movement of the reinforcement during concreting. Ample care
should be observed to avoid the production of porous spacer blocks as their use may
cause severe corrosion of the reinforcement. Stone, wood blocks, or plastic spacers shall
not be used.
1.09.20 The contractor shall supply, fix and remove all the necessary formwork,
supports, falsework shoring, templates, staging, etc. required for placing of concrete, and
the cost of doing so shall be included in the tendered rates for concrete.
All formworks shall be fixed in perfect alignment and shall be securely strutted and
braced to prevent deformation under the weight and pressure of wet concrete. The
formwork and supports shall be strong enough to withstand, without displacement, the
movement and vibration caused by workers, materials, plants and all other construction
loads, wind pressure and other forces, which may occur during placing, compaction and
maturing of concrete.
Formworks shall be subject be approved and shall conform to the lines, levels,
dimensions, shapes and surface finish of the concrete as shown on the Construction
Drawings. The design and calculations for the formwork shall be submitted upon request.
Formworks not approved shall be rectified or removed as instructed.
All surfaces in contact with the concrete shall be coated with an approved releasing agent
so that formworks can be removed without impact or the use of force that may damage
the concrete, on no account that the releasing agent be allowed to come into contact with
the reinforcement. The construction shall be as such that wedges and clamps will make
the stripping of vertical faces before horizontal services.
The formwork shall be seasoned, planned, tongue and groove timber, plywood,
blackboard, hardboard, steel or as specified on the Working Drawings. Particular care
shall be made to ensure that the form panels are adequately hacked & stiffened to prevent
distortions under the load applied by the placing or setting of concrete and result in
bulges and irregularities. Formworks supported by ties will not be permitted for water
retaining structures.
All joints in formworks shall be sufficiently tight to prevent leakage of liquid from the
concrete placed.
Wherever specified or indicated on the Working Drawings, chamfers shall be made
through provision of molding strips fixed on the formwork and during such instances the
contractor shall include these costs on the rates for concrete.
The continued work of formwork of all descriptions shall be to the discretion of the
contractor who will require the forms to be reconditioned or resurfaced from time to time.
After repeated use forms shall be discarded and new ones shall be provided.
For the purpose of description, formworks are divided into the following categories:
a) Rough Formworks: used on concrete faces or portions which will be covered up with the
use of other external finishing, otherwise the surface is intended to be hidden.
b) Wrought Formworks: used on off-shutter concrete where a smooth finish is required.
Formworks shall be made so as the marks left by panels and strips be kept to a minimum.
1.09.21 after the removal of formworks, no treatments are required for curing shall be
applied to the concrete faces until after inspection. Honeycombed areas, deformed
surfaces and other defects are to be repaired at the discretion of the contractor.
Concrete finish of different types indicated on the Drawings are the following:
Class 1 : Concrete Ordinary Finish
After the immediate removal of formworks all fins and irregular projections shall be
removed and holes and deformations patched with mortar to the satisfaction of the
engineer.
Class 2 : Concrete Rubber Finish
After the immediate removal of formworks and patching, the surfaces shall be rubbed
with medium/coarse carborandum stone using a small amount of mortar on its faces.
Rubbing shall continue until all form marks, projections and irregularities are removed,
all voids filled, and a uniform surface is achieved.
Class 3 : Concrete Floated Finish
After the concrete was compacted, the surface shall be made uniform by longitudinal or
transverse floating, or both, using wooden floats. When the concrete is sufficiently
hardened, the surface shall be given a broom finish.
The contractor shall approve the material comprising the formwork lining in direct
contact with the concrete.
1.09.22 Defective surfaces may be repaired only at the discretion of the contractor. No
such repair works may be commenced unless inspected and instructions for repairs are
issued. All repair works shall be carried out at the contractors expense.
Should the finished surface as-truck or after repair show uniform color or texture, the
contractor shall have the right to order that the surface be skim coated and then painted.
In cases wherein the concrete surface is specified as unpainted, the skim coat and
subsequent painting shall be deemed to be a repair and shall be carried out at the
contractors expense.
The contractor shall include the protection of all concrete works until completion and
hand-over in his/her price of concrete.
1.09.23 Once commenced, concreting shall be continued without interruption and shall
only be stopped at properly prepared construction joints.
The location of construction joints shall be determined in advance so that the amount of
concrete to place at any time does not exceed the capacity of the mixing plant. In all cases
where the positions of construction joints are not indicated on the construction drawings,
the engineer must determine and approve them.
Except where inclined joints are specified, all joints shall be formed to vertical and
horizontal places. Vertical joints shall be formed against properly constructed stop
boards.
As a general rule, joints in columns shall be made as near as possible to a beam hunching
the joints in beams; and slabs shall be made at positions shown on the drawings.
Construction joints shall be wire-brushed while the concrete is still green, or scrabbled or
hacked to expose the aggregates on the area of the joint. Before the placing of fresh
concrete, the roughened surface shall be swept clean and loose materials should be
thoroughly wetted and covered with a 12mm thick layer of mortar composed of cement
and sand in the same ratio as the cement and sand in the concrete mix. Special care shall
be taken to ensure that the first layer of fresh concrete is thoroughly rammed against the
existing layer.
1.09.24 All movements and construction joints in water retaining structures shall
incorporate water stops and these shall be detailed on drawings and shall be of a type to
be approved by the contractor.
Water stops shall be supplied in lengths as long as possible with means of transport and
efficiency of handling in order to minimize situation costs.
Joints in rubber and PVC water stops other than plain butt joints which may be on site
shall be purpose-made from the manufacturer. Joints made on-site shall be on strict
accordance with the manufacturers instruction.
Water stops shall be stored to avoid damage and contamination by oil, grease and other
foreign substances. Rubber and PVC water stops shall be stored in cool, well-ventilated
places and away from sunlight.
Before concreting the water stop, it shall be cleaned of foreign materials. Water stops
shall be installed so that they are securely held and remain in their correct position while
the concrete is being placed; no holes shall be made once concrete is on water. The
concrete shall be fully and carefully cemented around the water stops to avoid voids and
porous surfaces.
1.09.25 The testing of concrete shall be in strict accordance with Testing and
Materials.
1.09.26 Unless otherwise noted, dimensions, levels, sizes, positions and cover to
reinforcements shall be exact as specified or indicated on the Drawings with the
following tolerances in millimeters.
Variations from the Plumb:
(i) In the lines and surfaces of column piers, walls and in arises
In 3mm 5mm
In any storey of 6mm maximum 10mm
In 12m or more 20mm
(ii) For exposed columns, corners control-joint grooved, and other conspicuous lines
In any bay or 6mm maximum 5mm
In 12m or more 10mm
Footings:
(i) Variation of dimension in plan
Minus 10mm
Plus 50mm
(ii) Misplacement of eccentricity
Of the footing width in the direction 2%
Of misplacement but not more than 50mm
(iii) Reduction of thickness minus
5% of specified thickness
Cover of concrete around reinforcement
Minus zero
Plus 5mm
Tolerances shall not be cumulative. The contractor will be responsible for the cost of all
corrective measures as required to rectify work that is not constructed within the
tolerances set out above.
1.09.27 Concrete shall be measured by the cubic meter and calculated from the
dimensions shown on the drawings or variation thereof, as authorized. No deductions
shall be made for holes, ducts, apertures, or similar, if the cross-sectional area of such is
less than 0.040 sq.m.

1.10 MASONRY WORK

1.10.01 SCOPE OF WORK
Scope of work includes all labor, materials (delivery and storage) plant and other
facilities. The satisfactory performance of all works necessary to complete all
masonry works, cement and other works shown on the drawing and specified
herein.
1.10.02 MATERIALS AND REQUIREMENTS
a) Concrete hollow blocks shall have true dimensions as indicated, shall have a
minimum comprehensive strength on a twenty-eight-day period of not less
than 2,314 KPA (350 psi), well-seasoned, and curved by approved method.
b) Cement and steel shall conform to the requirements under Section 5 of this
specification.
c) Mortar shall have 1:2 mixture ratios. Sand shall conform to the
requirements of this specification.
d) Immediately upon delivery to the site, masonry unit shall be stocked and
covered otherwise to protect from exposure to weather and contact on soil.
Care should be exercised in handling of masonry units to avoid chipping
and breakage and to protect the units from damage through construction.
Likewise, cement materials shall be stored in weatherproof areas at the
jobsite. Cement that had undergone caking or hardened from moisture
absorption will not be permitted for use.
1.10.03 LAYING EXECUTION
1.10.03.01 Unit Masonry
Blocks shall be laid with sufficient mortar filling and shall be laid in full
mortar beds and thoroughly wet before laying. Blocks shall be laid in full
mortar beds and thoroughly crushed up by with mortar at every course, shall
be lain plumb and true to its dimensions. All walls on the interior and
exterior faces shall be smooth-finished unless otherwise directed by the
engineer. As the masonry is to rest on an excavated surface, special care
should be taken in order not to disturb the bottom of the excavation; and the
final removal of the foundation material to grade shall not be made when
masonry is to be placed.
After each completed excavation, no masonry will be placed unless the
depth of the same will be approved. Special precautions must be observed to
prevent any wedging action against the masonry when backfilled and
tamped on both sides.
1.10.03.02 Plastering
Application
a. Surface to receive plaster shall be cleaned and free from defects. Where
necessary to reduce junction, masonry surfaces shall be dampened but not
staled with for spray. Regulated ventilation shall be provided. Finish coats
shall have reasonable uniform thickness
1.10.03.03 Finishes and Workmanship
i. All finished plaster shall be rubber-sponged.
ii. Plaster finish, wire plumbed, leveled, squared and true within the tolerance
of 5mm in 3 meters without waves, creaks and other imperfections.
1.10.03.04 Patching and cleaning
All defective plaster works shall be cut-out and replaced. All plaster
surfaces shall be mashed with appropriate chemical hydrates and to comply
and render surfaces free from dirt and other chemicals that would prevent
appropriate application of finishing materials.
Debris and rubbish resulting from the application of plastering work shall
be removed.
1.10.03.04 Measurement and Payment
Masonry shall be measured and paid of every unit area of square meters of a
fraction of the work delivered, constructed and finished in accordance with the
provisions of these specifications including all materials and necessary labor for
completion of the work.
1.11 DRAINAGE
Reinforced Concrete Drain
Scope of work shall include the supply of labor and materials in accordance with these
specifications and in conformity with the line, grades and dimensions as shown on the
plans.
Materials Requirements
1.11.01 Concrete to be used shall conform with the specifications under concrete mix
in accordance to that of Class A.
1.11.02 Reinforcing bars shall conform to the specifications under steel requirements.
1.11.03 Construction Method
The bed for the drainage shall be excavated to the required depths and properly
trimmed and shaped.
Granular bedding must be compacted with the thickness as shown in the plans.
Placing of concrete and steel reinforcement shall be in conformity with the
specifications, unless otherwise specified.
Average slope of 0.02% shall be used and all line except those that are otherwise
shown in the plans.
1.11.03.02 Plastering
Aplication
a) Surfaces to receive plaster should be cleaned and free from defects. Where necessary to
reduce junction, masonry surfaces shall be dampened but not staled with for spray.
Regulated ventilation shall be provided. Finish coats shall have reasonable uniform
thickness of 3mm and not less than 1.5mm in thickness at any point. Corners and interior
angles to be square with arises slightly rounded. Thickness of plaster from the face of
plaster base to the finished plaster surface, not less than 13mm over masonry and or
except as required otherwise, bringing plaster surfaces in line with adjacent masonry
materials.
b) Do not spray plaster directly to concrete and masonry surfaces coated with bituminous
compounds, and surfaces previously painted or plastered.
c) It is important that concrete masonry requires to be plastered, thoroughly soaked with
water prior to the application of plaster to ensure satisfactory bonding.
d) Brown coat Apply brown coat with sufficient pressure to fill the grooves and gaps and
to secure a good finish. Keep moist for forty-eight (48) hours after application of each
coat of cement plaster and dry.
e) Finish coat Apply finish coat after brown coat is set. Moist brown coat before
application of finish coats. Float finish coat to plumb, even planes and surfaces.
f) Plaster Exterior
Pertinent Cement Plaster Where indicated on drawing, such surfaces shall be plastered
with a 2-coat Portland Cement Plaster Finish, the finish coat being trowelled to provide a
sand float finish. All Portland cement plaster shall be mixed with one part Portland
cement, three parts sand with 2.2 kg of hydra tide waterproofing compound per weight of
cement applied in two coats to a thickness of not less than 19mm.

Keep each application moist or damp with a gog spray for a minimum of forty-eight (48)
hours between applications, and last coat (finish) should be kept moist for seventy-two
(72) hours. Trowel for hard, smooth finish free of waves or blemishes that would preclude
a uniform true, smooth surface both vertically and horizontally
g) Plaster Interior
Interior plaster to follow specifications noted where before for exterior plaster, with the
exception of the application of waterproofing compound.
1.11.04 Measurement
The quantities to be measured shall be the volume of the reinforced concrete in-placed and
all the labor requirements.
1.11.05 The quantities shall be in linear meters
1.12 STEEL REINFORCEMENT
1.12.01 DESCRIPTION
This work shall consist of the furnishing, fabricating, and placing of steel reinforcement
of the type, size, shape and grade required in accordance with the specifications, and in
conformity with the requirements shown on the drawings or as directed.
1.12.02 MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS
1.12.02.01 GENERAL
All materials shall conform to the requirements hereinafter given. Certified test reports
(mill test or other) shall be submitted for all steel reinforcements used. These tests shall
show the results of all chemical and physical tests.
1.12.02.02 BAR REQUIREMENT
Requirement bars for concrete shall be deformed billet steel bars conforming to the
requirements specified in AASHTO M-31 unless otherwise shown on the drawings or
required by the engineer. The use of cold twisted bars is not permitted. If not otherwise
shown on the drawings or in the special specification the deformed reinforcing steel shall
be grade no.40. bar reinforcement shall be shipped in standard bundles, tagged and
marked in accordance to the Code of Standard Practice of the Concrete Reinforcement
Steel Institute.
1.12.02.03 SAMPLING
Reinforcing bars shall be sampled from the supply source or at the point of distribution,
and shall have sufficient time to advance the permit of sampling and testing before
shipment. Two or more samples from each size shall be randomly taken to represent the
five sources or a fraction thereof for each size.
1.12.03 CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS
1.12.03.01 Order List for Bent Bars
Before the purchase of materials on the order list, the same shall furnish a bending
diagram for approval. Any additional expenses brought about by revisions to the order of
materials - regardless of their conformity to such lists and diagrams in order to comply
with the construction drawings, shall be shouldered by the contractor.
1.12.03.02 Fabrication
Bent bar reinforcements shall be cold bent according to the drawings or as required. Bars
shall be bent around a circular pin having the following outside diameters in relation to
the bar diameters:
#01 to #07 inclusive D 6d
#08 to #09 D 8d
#10 and greater D 10d
Bends and hooks to stirrups of ties shall be bent based upon the diameter of the main
bars.
1.12.03.03 Protection of Material
Steel reinforcement shall be protected from damage at all times. It shall be kept free from
dirt, corrosion, pant oils and other foreign matter. However, when steel had loose rust that
can be easily removed, it shall be cleaned by approved methods.
1.12.03.04 Placing and Fasting
1. Steel reinforcements shall be placed accurately based on the construction drawings and
shall hold firm during the placing and setting of concrete. Reinforcing bars shall be tied
on all intersections. Except for those which spacing is below 300mm, bars shall be tied
alternate. Ties shall be fastened on the inside.
2. Distances of forms shall be maintained by use of stays, blocks, ties, hangers and other
approved supports. Pre-cast mortar blocks shall be used for holding reinforcement from
contact with forms.
Layers or bars shall be separated by pre-cast mortar blocks or by other equally suitable
devices. The use of pebbles, broken stone or brick pieces, metal pipes, and wooden
blocks or metal chairs shall not be permitted, unless otherwise shown on the construction
drawings or as required. The minimum distance between bars is 40mm; reinforcements of
any structural member shall be placed and subject to inspection and approval before
concreting.
Violation of concreting as stated in this provision may result of the same to be rejected
and removal may be required.
If fabric reinforcements are shipped in rolls, it shall be straightened before placing.
Bundled bars shall be tied together at not more than 1.00 meter interval.
1.12.03.05 Splicing
1. All reinforcements shall be furnished in the full lengths as indicated on the
construction drawings. Splicing of bars shall not be permitted without written approval
unless otherwise indicated on the construction drawings. Splices shall be staggered as far
as possible and shall have a minimum separation of not less than 40 bar diameters. Not
more than one-third of the bars may be spliced on the same cross section, except when
indicated on the construction drawings.
2. Unless otherwise shown on the construction drawings, bar lapping distances are the
following:
Spliced Type Grade 40
Minimum Lap
Grade 60
Minimum Lap
End not less than
Tension 24d 36d 300mm
Compression 20d 24d 400mm

Where d is the diameter of the bar to lapped splices, the bars shall be plated in contact
and wired together. Lapped splices will not be permitted at locations where the concrete
section is insufficient to provide the minimum size of the coarse aggregate between
splices and the nearest adjacent welded bars of reinforcing steel, shall be done only of
detailed on the construction drawings or if authorized.
Spiral reinforcements shall be spliced by lapping of at least half a turn by bend welding
unless otherwise shown on the construction drawings.
1.12.04 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT
Steel reinforcement incorporated in the concrete works, except in railings and fittings,
shall be measured in kilograms based on the total computed theoretical weight to the
sizes of the length of bars as shown on the plans or authorized.
No allowance shall be made for clips, wires, separators, wire chairs and other material
used on fastening the reinforcing bars in place.
1.13 ROAD SIGNS
1.13.01 DESCRIPTION
1. This work comprise the furnishing and installation of road signs in accordance
to the specifications and details shown on the construction drawings.
2. Road signs shall comply to all aspects of the Philippine International Road
Signs Manual published by the DPWH. Three categories of road signs are
stated on the manual:
a. Danger warning signs
b. Regulatory signs
c. Informative or Guide signs

3. Road signs shall be classified as Standard or Non-Standard.
Standard signs comprise of all warning and regulatory signs, and information
signs with the exception of direction signs, placed identification signs and the
like.
Non-standard signs comprise all information signs which are not classified as
standard signs.
4. The size of warning and regulatory signs is equal the length of the sides of
triangular signs measured from the points of edges. The horizontal width of
octagonal signs and the diameter of circular signs are used as references for
measurement.
1.13.02 MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS
1.13.02.01 Sign Panels
Sign panels for warning, regulatory, and information signs shall be manufactured
of aluminum sheeting and be at least 3mm thick.
1.13.02.02 Reflective Sheeting
1. The reflective sheeting used on the road signs shall consist of spherical lens
elements embedded in transparent plastic having a smooth, flat surface, pre-
coated with a protective adhesive which shall be pressure-sensitive for manual
application of track free sheeting; heat-activated for mechanical-vacuum heat
application.
2. The minimum reflective brightness values of the reflective sheeting as
compared to Magnesium Oxide (MgO) is shown on the Table 7-A.




COLOR ANGLE OF
INCIDENCE
ANGLE OF
DIVERGENCE
MINIMUM
REFLECTIVE
BRIGHTNESS VALUE
COMPARES w/ MgO

Red
-4 deg. 0.50 deg 15
20 deg 0.50 deg 10
50 deg 0.50 deg 3.0

White
-4 deg. 0.50 deg 75
20 deg 0.50 deg 70
50 deg 0.50 deg 70

Yellow
4 deg. 0.50 deg 35
20 deg 0.50 deg 30
50 deg 0.50 deg 10

Blue
4 deg. 0.50 deg 6.0
20 deg 0.50 deg 4.5
50 deg 0.50 deg 0.5
The brightness of the reflective sheeting totally wet by ratio shall not be less than
90% of the above values.
3. The reflective sheeting shall be sufficiently flexible to permit application and
adhesion to a moderately embossed surface. It shall show no damage when bent
90 degress over 50mm diameter mandrel.
4. The setting shall be solvent resistant so as to be capable of withstanding
cleaning with petrol, diesel fuels, mineral spirits, turpentine and methanol.
5. The sheeting shall show no cracking or reduction in reflectivity after being
subtracted to the dropping of a 25mm diameter steel bar from a height of 2 meters
into the surface.
6. The adhesive shall permit the reflective sheeting to adhere sufficiently 48 hours
after application, at a temperature of up to 90 degrees Celsius.
7. The reflective material shall be weather-resistant and allow easy cleaning.
Surface degradation due to fading, darkening, cracking, bolstering or peeling shall
allow for not less than 75% of the specified wet or dry minimum brightness
values when subject to weathering for 5 years.
8. Samples of reflective sheeting shall be submitted to the engineer for approval.
11.13.02.03 Posts and Frames
Wide flange metal posts and frames shall be fabricated from structural steel
conforming to ASTM A-283 Grade D. In lieu of wide flange steel post, the
Developer may use tubular steel posts conforming to ASTM A-501. All
posts shall be thoroughly cleaned, free from grease, scale and rust; use
inhibiting primer paint and two coats of gray paint in accordance with the
Item 501.
1.13.02.04 Nuts and Bolts
Nuts, bolts, washers and other metal paints shall be hot dip galvanized after
fabrication in accordance with the requirements of ASSHTO M-111
1.13.02.05 Concrete Foundation on Blocks
The concrete for the foundation block shall be Class A in accordance with
Part 5 and shall be of the specified size as shown in the drawings.
1.13.03 CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS
1.13.03.01 Excavation and Backfilling
1. Holes shall be excavated to the required depth for the bottom the concrete
foundation as shown in the drawings.
2. Owing suitable material if approved by the engineer and shall be
computed in layers not exceeding 150mm in depth shall carry out
backfilling.
1.13.03.03 Sign Panel Installation
The contractor shall install the sign in accordance with the details shown on
the drawings. Sign panels exhibiting signs of chipping or bending are
subject for replacement.
The exposed area of the fastening hardware on the surface of the sign shall
be painted with enamel matching the background color.
All newly erected traffic signs shall be covered with sack or other approved
materials as approved by the engineer.
1.13.04 CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS
1. The quantities measured for the standard reflective warning and the regulatory
road signs shall be the number of such signs of the size specified, including the
necessary posts and supports erected and accepted.
2. The quantities for standard reflective informatory signs and for non-standard
reflective informatory signs shall be the number of such signs of a particular
range of area, including the necessary posts and supports, erected and accepted.
1.14 TESTING AND MATERIALS
1.14.01 The contractor shall carry out the test and procedures listed on the
following Clauses for the collection and control of materials, and for the
control of workmanship in accordance with the specifications.
The test shall be generally carried out in accordance with the
specifications and as instructed by the engineer.
1.14.02 All tests shall be made in accordance with the standard methods
prescribed by the following, in order of preference:
1. The American Association of State Highways and Transportation
Official (AASHTO).
2. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM).
3. British Standard Institute Specifications (BS).
In all cases where revisions and amendments are made to the standards in
specifications upon the closing date of bidding, these changes shall be
applied immediately.
1.14.03 A. Testing and Provision of Samples
The cost of all materials and workmanship testing shall be
undertaken by the contractor to ensure compliance with the
specifications, including the submission of certificates that the
materials supplied are with relevant standards, and shall be deemed
to be covered by the process inspected under the relevant items on
the bill of quantities of the work where the said materials are used.
The testing of materials and workmanship shall conform with the
standards specified in the following clauses.
B. Additional testing
The engineer shall have the right to take samples and order test
materials. Where additional testing is required due to failure from
previous tests, the cost shall be determined by the engineer except
when such tests fail to comply with specifications.
1.14.04 A. Standards
The materials for use in plain and reinforce concrete, and the methods of
construction, shall be tested in accordance with the following standards:
DESCRIPTION OF TEST METHOD or TEST NO.
Materials
Ordinary Portland Cement AASHTO M 85
Aggregates: Sampling AASHTO 122
Grading AASHTO 122
Amount passing no.
200 sieves
AASHTO 111
Organic impurities AASHTO 121
Mortar strength AASHTO 121
Sodium Sulfate
soundness
AASHTO I 104
Potable particles AASHTO I 112
Los Angeles abraision AASHTO 126
Water
Reinforcement steel
Reinforcement wire mesh
Construction





Slump Test BS 1881
Compressive Strength(cylinder) AASHTO 122.123
Compressive Strength ( core ) AASHTO T 24

As work progresses test cylinders shall be fabricated from concrete samples
and tested in accordance with AASHTO T-123 and AASHTO T-22. At least
one set of these cylinders shall be made from each 25 cu.m of concrete
placed each day.

The cylinders shall be tested at 20 days for specification compliance and one
shall be tested at 7 days for information. The acceptance test results shall be the
average at the strength of the two cylinders tested at 25 days.

Aggregate Grading Analysis every 40m fine
Every 25 coarse

Slump tests as and when directed
By the engineer

1.14.05 A. Standards

DESCRIPTION OF TEST METHOD ON TEST NO.

Earthworks, Sub-grade, Screened
And Crushed Gravel

Liquid Limit AASHTO 189
Plasticity Index AASHTO 190
Los Angeles Abrasion AASHTO 198
Grading AASHTO 127
Sodium Sulfate Soundness AASHTO 1104
Sand Equivalent AASHTO 1176
Dry Density AASHTO 1100D1
Field Density AASHTO 11191
California Bearing Ratio AASHTO D1003
Test ( CBR )

B. Frequency

DENSITY

The size of each section selected for acceptance shall normally be a days old. However,
a section of any size may be rejected when the factors affecting compaction exhibit
variation or when approved is needed prior to placing another fill when an area
obviously defective also for reasons other or slower than that normally encountered.
The number of test per section to be used to determined from the frequencies or from
the minimum number of test indicated in the following table, whichever gives the greatest
number;


FREQUENCY OF TESTING
MINIMUM
( area of part thereof) NO. OF
per test per 150mm TESTS
thickness ) m
2
PER SECTION


Fill 3000 3
Sub-grade 3000 4
Sub-base 1000 4
Base Course 1000 4
Wearing Course 1000 4
Shoulders 500 4
_________________________________________________________________________

The Engineer may, at his direction, reduce the testing frequency in fills. The maximum
dry density for each type of materials in a completed portion shall be determined, in order
to test compliance with the specified density requirements.

The maximum dry density determination for one portion or layer shall not be used for
testing compliance of further completed portion or layer, irrespective of the apparent
uniformity of the material used.

INDICATOR and CBR TESTS

Indicator test shall mean test for Particles Size Analysis, Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit
And Plasticity Index.

LAYER FREQUENCY OF TESTING

Fill One indicator per 4,500 m
3

Sub-grade One indicator per 4,500m
3

One CBR per 10,000m
2


Sub-base One indicator per 1,000m
2

Base Course One indicator per 2,500m
2

Wearing

Shoulders Two indicators per 1,000m
2

Two CBR per 2,500m
2


1.14.06 The following listed items shall conform to the materials specifications
Indicated and testing shall be at the discretion of the Engineer.


ITEM Material Specification

Paint or Steel AASHTO M70 to M72
and timber AASHTO M122 to M128
AASHTO M130 to M 131

Expansion Joint AASHTO M123 to M 153
Filler AASHTO M 122 to M128
Tubular Steel ASTM A 501
Structural Steel ASTM A 283 D
Nuts and Bolts AASHTO M 111

Quality test for cement are as follows: loss on ignition, magnesium oxide, sulfur
trioxide, insoluble residue,soundness, air content, fineness, specific gravity, time of
setting and compressive strength. One sample, 3 kg for every 2000 bags (801) or
fraction thereof shall be tested for quality.

Bar reinforcement for concrete shall conform to the job requirements. Minimum yield
levels for steel bars must be 414 MPa ( 60,000 Psi ) designated as Grade 60.

Quality control test include chemical analysis, tensile and bending properties . Two or
more samples from each size shall be taken at random representing five (5) tones or
Fraction thereof of each size. Each sample shall be one (1) meter long.

1.15 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

WATER SUPPLY

SCOPE
The scope of the work covered by this specification includes the
supply of all labor, plant, tools etc., necessary for the excavation
and subsequent backfilling of pipe trenches, the cartage, bedding, laying
jointing, testing, disinfections, connection to existing mains and other
work, together with the supply of all materials necessary to complete
the works in accordance with the drawings and the detailed herein.

Materials

a.) General

All materials supplied under the Contractor and not otherwise
specified shall be in accordance with the specification of the
Philippine Standard Association or where no relevant standard
exist the Specification of the American Society of Testing and
Materials shall apply.

The contractor shall provide CO and affidavit from manufacturer
or vendor stating that the pipe, valves, fitting and other products
or materials furnished under the contract, comply with all applica-
ble provisions of this Specifications.

Each pipe, tubing, valve and fitting shall bear the manufacturers
material number for identification, year of the manufacture,
nominal diameter of size, and pressure rating in meters of water,
for example 100 W. Fitting shall also be marked to indicate the
true vertical axis. All markings shall be of permanent nature.

All pipes, tubing, valves, fittings and all other products shall be
packed in such a manner to prevent damage in ordinary handling
and transportation. Each box, bundle or crate shall be legibly
marked identifying the contents, and giving the name and address
of the manufacturer, consignee, and date of dispatch.

Pipe and fittings shall be lifted by means of mechanical forklift
or similar equipment. Belt slings shall be applied at the correct
lifting points along the length of the pipe section, and tackle
suitably padded to prevent damage to the coating.

Pipe shall be stockpiled on timber cradles on level ground.

b) Pipe Fittings

1.) Polyvinyl Chloride Pipe

Scope of Work

Where shown on the drawings or selected as an alternative, the contractor
shall supply and lay polyvinyl chlorine pipe in accordance with details
shown on the drawings and as specified herein.

Complete in place, including all labor and material, market tapes,
excavation, backfill, sheeting and bracing, pipe bedding, dewatering,
jointing, thrust block and surface restoration.

Standard Specification Reference

The following Standards are referred to:

ISO 161/1-1976 (E) The moplastics Pipes for the transport of
Fluids-Nominal Pressure-Part 1: Metric Series

ISO R1165-1970 ( E ) Plastic Pipes for the transport of Fluids-
Unplasticized Polyvinyl Chloride ( PVC )
Pipe. Tolerance on Wall Thickness up to 6mm

ISO 1167-1973(E ) Plastics Pipes for the transport of Fluids
Determination of the resistance to Internal
Pressure

ISO/R1130-1970(E) Plastic Pipes for the transport of Fluids
Unplasticized Polyvinyl Chloride Pipe (PVC)
Pipe. Tolerance on Outside Diameter

ISO 2084-1974(E ) Pipeline Flanges for General Use- Metric Series
Mating Dimensions

AWWA C-900-75 Polyvinyl Chloride ( PVC ) Pressure Pipe, 4-
Inches through 12-inches , for water.

ISO/ DIS 3113 Permitted Levels of Leads and Tin in unplasticized
PVC Pipe for Drinking water supply

ISO/DIS 3114 Extractability of Lead and Tin of unplasticized PVC
Pipes for drinking water supply


Pipes and Fittings

Polyvinyl Chloride Pipe and Fittings, unless otherwise specified as shown
on the Drawing shall conform to the Provision of AWWA C900 for Class
150 Dimension Ratio ( DR ) 18, subject to the exceptions and
supplemental requirements contained in this section. Where required,
cast iron fitting may be used, except the ends shall be suitable for joining
with rubber ring gasketed polyvinyl chloride pipes.

Polyvinyl Chloride pipe shall be extruded blue acceptance

b.) Pipe Rating and Dimension

The pipe shall conform to the following dimensions and limiting values:

Nominal Size Outside Diameter Minimum Wall
(mm ) (mm) Thickness (mm)

32 42.1 2.2
50 63 3.6
75 90 5.1
100 110 6.3
150 160 9.1
200 225 12.8
250 280 15.9
300 315 17.0

The tolerance for the outside diameters and wall thickness shall be in accordance
With ISO/R1330 and ISO R1165 respectively.

Joints

All pipe and fittings shall be designed for rubber and ring push on type
of joints, unless otherwise specified. Rubber ring gaskets shall provide a
watertight seal for assembled joints for all vertical and horizontal angular
deflection recommended by manufacturer, and at all pressures up to and including
the test pressure of the pipe.

All materials used for jointing shall be compatible with one another and with the
Polyvinyl chloride pipe. They shall neither support the growth of bacteria
nor affect the potability of the water.

Solvent cement couplings will not be allowed.

The manufacturer in accordance with AWWA C900 shall carry out inspection
and testing of pipe and fittings as follows:

a) Sustained Pressure Test

Based on design
Fiber stress of
44MP at 23 C . . . 530m of water column

Duration of
Minimum burst
pressure test . . . . .60 to 70 seconds

Frequency of
Test. . . . . . . . . . . Minimum of two samples per 2 hours extrusion

Each pipe and fitting shall be proof tested to 420 meters of water column
for a minimum period of five (5) seconds in accordance with AWWA C900
or in lieu thereof a minimum of two samples taken for every two hours
of extrusion time and one (1) hour short duration test shall be performed
in accordance with ISO 1167 to pressure corresponding to 420 meters
of water column.

d) Toxity Test

PVC Pipe shall be made from non-toxic material and shall bear the
seal of approval for potable water from an accredited testing laboratory
approved by CO. Determination of toxity shall be in accordance with
ISO DIS-3113 and ISO D18-3114 except the permitted levels will be as
follows:

Lead, 0.05 mg/l

Tin, 0.05mg/l

Pipes and Fittings

Subject of the specific exceptions or additional requirements noted in
these sections:

Ductile Iron Pipe smaller than 900mm diameter shall conform to AWWA
C150 or AWWA C151 with pipe class equivalent to a minimum working
Pressure of 100 meters of water column; except that were required to be
Flanged or ball-jointed the minimum working pressure shall be 165 meters
Of water column. Pipe shall be manufactured by centrifugal costing only.

Joints

Pipe may be bell and spigot ends with rubber ring gaskets ( push on )
mechanical joints, ball joints or flanged joints.

Flanged and ball joints may be cast integrally with the pipe or
Alternatively; threaded.

Rubber ring gaskets shall conform to AWWA C111.

Pipe and Fitting Dimensions

Dimension of pipe and fittings exclusive of thickness shall be in
Accordance with ISO 2531. Pipe of sizes beyond that specified
In ISO 2531, per each nominal diameter size shall have equal outside
diameter regardless of classes. The minimum clear water way shall be the
same as the nominal diameter size shall have equal outside diameter
regardless of classes. The minimum clear water way shall be the same
as nominal diameter size.

Coating
Pipes and fittings shall receive an outside bituminous coating of coal bar base approximately
25 microns thick. The finished coating shall be continuous and smooth, neither brittle when cold
nor sticky when exposed to the sun, and shall be strongly adherent to the pipe.

Lining

Pipe and fitting and special casting shall be cement mortar lined to conform to AWWA C104.

The thickness of lining shall not be less than:

3mm for 300 diameter and smaller

Allowable thickness tolerance shall be as follow:

( 3mm -0mm ) on pipe 300mm diameter and smaller.


Manufacturers Marks

Each pipe and fittings shall bear the cast-on or cold stamped mark of the manufacturer; the
nominal diameter; classes; year of manufacturer; the word Ductile . The class shall be
indicated as Class 100 2.5 as applicable, indicating 100 meters with truck loading. Marks
that are simply painted on the pipes and fittings will not be permitted.

Shop Testing

Inspection and testing of pipe shall be in accordance with AWWA G151 except that the
hydrostatic test shall stress the pipe wall to 75% of the minimum yield point of the material.

Inspection and testing of fittings shall be in accordance with AWWA C110 including the
Hydrostatic proof test of every fitting.

3.) Polyvinyl Chloride Pipe

Service connection to the residential and commercial/ industrial lots shall be polybutylene
or polyethelene supplied in accordance with the following details.

Scope of Work

Where shown on the Drawings or selected as an alternative the contractor shall supply and lay
polybutylene tubing in accordance with details shown on the Drawings and specified, complete
in place, including all labor and materials; excavation; backfill; sheeting and bracing; pipe
bedding; jointing; all connections; disinfections and testing; and surface restoration.
Standard Specification Reference

The following Standards as referred to:

ASTM D 258 Polybutylene Plastics

ASTM D 2662 Polybutylene ( PB ) Plastic Pipe ( SDR PR )

ASTM D 2666 Polybutylene ( PB ) Plastic Tubing )

ASTM D 300 Polybutylene ( PB ) Plastic Pipe ( SDR PR )
based on outside diameter

ISO 161/ 1-1976 ( E ) Thermoplastic pipes for the transport of fluids Nominal Pressure
part 1; Metric Serial

Extrusion compound shall meet requirements of Type II. Grade I ( PE 2110 ) in
accordance with ASTM D2581

The compounds used shall be virgin plastic except that clean rework material from
manufacturers own pipe production may be used as long as the original virgin material.

Tubing shall be made from non- toxic material and shall be certified as suitable for
potable water by a testing laboratory approved by the CO.

Tubing Rating and Dimensions

The finished tubing shall be furnished in accordance with the following dimensions and
limiting values :

SERVICE
CONNECTION
SIZE (mm )
TUBING
OUTSIDE
DIAMETER
(mm)
TOLERANCES
OUTSIDE
DIAMETER
(mm )
WALL
THICKNESS
(mm )
TOLERANCES
WALL
THICKNESS
(mm)

12

12

10.3

1.2

+0.30

20

20

10.3

1.5

+0.40

25

25

10.3

1.8

+0.40

32

32

10.3

2.3

+0.40

50

50

10.5

3.6

+0.60

63

63

10.6

4.6

+0.60


Fiitings

Fittings and appurtenances shall be in accordance with IS 04.2

Maintenance Materials

The contractor shall supply 10 meters of polybutylene tubing for every 100 services
connections. The additional tubing shall be of the same materials and diameter at the service
connections installed.

Shop Testing

The manufacturer in accordance with ASTM Standards D2581 and D2666 shall carry out
inspection and testing on tubing as follows:

a.) Standard Pressure Test

Based on design
fiber stress of
13 MPa at 23 C . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .210 meters of water column

Duration of
Sustained
Pressure test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1000 hours

b.) Minimum burst pressure test

Based on design
fiber stress of
15.2 MPa at 23 C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .250 meters of water column

Duration of
minimum burst
pressure test .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . 60 to 90 seconds

c.) Rates

If any test specimen shows defective machining or develops flaws, it may be discharged
and another specimen substituted. If the results of any test made to determine the
mechanical property fail to meet the specified requirements, two additional specimens
shall be taken from different sample pieces and tented. The results of these specimen
shall meet the requirements, for a particular property shall be cause for rejection of the
entire lot. If the chemical analysis fails to conform the specified limit analysis shall be
made on a composite samples prepared from additional pieces and tented. The result of
these specimens shall meet the requirements, for a particular property shall be cause for
rejection of the entire lot. If the chemical analysis fails to conform to the specified
requirements otherwise the entire lot will be rejected.

Where polybutylene tubing is connected to new water mains being constructed under
this Contract the tubing shall be pressure tested simultaneously with the mains as
specified.

4.) Polythylene Tubing

Scope of Work

Where shown on the drawings or selected as an alternative, the contractor shall
Supply and lay polyethylene tubing in accordance with details shown on the Drawings
and specified, complete in place, including all labor and materials; excavation; backfill;
sheeting and bracing; pipe bedding; jointing; all connections; disinfections and testing
and surface restoration. Standard Specification and reference.

The following standards as referred to:

ASTM D 1248 Polyetylene Plastic Molding and extrusion materials

ASTM D 2239 Polyethelene ( PE ) Plastic Pipe ( SDR PR )

ISO 161/1 -1976 ( E ) Thermoplastics Pipes for the transport of fluids nominal outside
Diameters and nominal pressures in part 1; Metric Series

ISO/R1164-1970(E) Plastic Pipes for the transport of Fluid Pulyethylene ( PE ) Pipes
Tolerance on outside diameters.

ISO/R1165-1970 ( E ) Plastic Pipes for the transport of Fluid Polyethylene ( PE ) Pipes
tolerance on wall thickness up to 6mm

ISO 3126-1974 ( E ) Plastic Pipes for the measurement of dimensions

Tubing
Tubing shall be made from non- toxic materials and shall be certified as suitable for nota
Extrusion compound shall meet requirements of either Grade P33, Class C or Grade P34,
Class C ( PE 3306 and PE 3406 respectively in accordance with ASTM D 1248.

The compound used shall be virgin plastic except that clean rework materials from
Manufacturers own pipe production, may be used as long as the original was virgin
materials.

Tubing shall be made from non-toxic materials and shall be certified as suitable for nota.
Extrusion compound shall meet requirements of either Grade P33, Class C or Grade P34,
Class C ( PE 3306 and PE 3406 respectively in accordance with ASTM D 1248.

Tubing shall be made from non- toxic materials and shall be certified as suitable for
notable water by a testing laboratory approved by the CO.

Tubing Rating and Dimensions
The finished tubing shall be furnished in accordance with the following dimensions
and limiting values:












SERVICE
CONNECTION
SIZE
(MM )
TUBING
OUTSIDE
DIAMETER
(MM)
TOLERANCES
OUTSIDE
DIAMETER
(MM)
WALL
THICKNESS
(MM)
TOLERANCES
WALL
THICKNESS
(MM )

12
20 10.2 2.4 +0.40
20 25 10.3 3.1 +0.50
25 32 10.3 3.9 +0.60
32 50 10.5 6.1 +0.90
50 63 10.6 7.7 +1.00
63 75 10.7 9.2 +1.20

Fittings
Fittings and appurtenances shall be in accordance with IS -04.2(s).

Maintenance Materials
The contractor shall supply additional 10 meters of polyethylene tubing for every 100 services
connection. The additional tubing shall be of the same materials for each corresponding
diameters as the service connection installed.

Shop Testing
The manufacturer in accordance with ASTM D 1248 and D2239 shall conduct inspection
and testing on tubing as follows:

a.) Sustained pressure test

Based on design
Fiber stress of
9.1 MPa at 23C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290 meters of water

Duration of
Sustained
Pressure test,1000 hours