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1.

For outside the battery:


Electrons inside the battery are able to move because they do it via
charged chemicals called ions, which can dissolve off the electrodes.
The electrons inside the battery are negative, so they flow from the
negative terminal to the positive terminal.

The path for current, however, goes from the positive terminal (+) to
the negative terminal (-)
The current makes a continuous loop in the same direction, so the
direction for inside the battery is backwards
2. The Ammeter measures the electric current thats in a circuit.
Electric currents are measured in amperes (A) Its shown as the
direction of the pinwheel in this simulation.
3. Ohms law: Voltage= Current x Resistance, or V= IR. Voltage is
measured in volts, Current is measured in amps, and resistance is
measured in ohms. The green dots represent the ohms. The
purpose of a resistor in a circuit is to limit the amount of electrical
current that passes through the circuit. Therefore the equation
would be rewritten as I= V/R
4. If you increase the resistance it increases the temperature
because a change in resistivity and therefore a change in
resistance is proportional to the temperature change. There is
more electron scattering and therefore more collisions. This is a
helpful visual formula I found online:

5. When a circuit gets hotter the current decreases. This is because
the materials in the circuit have their resistance increased, as they
get hotter. The increased temperature interferes with the energy
transmission by the electrons. Some of the assumptions of the
Kinetic Molecular Theory is that the average kinetic energy
depends of the temperature. Higher temp.= higher kinetic energy=
faster particle movement. When particles collide the collisions are
elastic. If one particle gains kinetic energy another loses energy so
that the average remains constant.
6. To make the circuit cold you need to decrease the amount of
resistance, because as stated before in question four, temperature
is directly proportional to resistance. There would be less electron
scattering and fewer collisions. This would result in a lower
temperature.
7. The relationship between voltage and temperature isnt a direct
one because they are both units of different forms of energy.
However, Current = Voltage/Resistance. Therefore, the greater
the voltage for the same resistance creates more current, and as a
result more energy. Some of this is released as heat and this will
raise the temperature.

Resistance in a Wire

1. The variables are rho, length, and amps. The units they are
measured is:
is resistivity of the material in (omega) cm
L is length in cm
A is cross-sectional area in cm squared

The formula is: R = L/A
2. After increasing the resistivity, the wire had more black dots
appear inside it. Since the resistivity increased and the rest of the
variables remained constant, the resistance R also increased.
Therefore, they have a direct relationship to the formula that was
just written above. Yes, this is something that can be changed in
a resistor that you could buy at a store.
3. If you increase the length the resistance also increases because
there will be more collisions between atoms and electrons due to
the longer distance that has to be traveled.
4. If you increase the area the resistance changes. The resistance
decreases because there will be fewer collisions due to the wider
space.
5. To summarize, length (cm) and resistance (ohms) have a direct
relationship. As one increases or decreases and the other factors
remain constant, the other will as well. The area, A, measured in
cm squared, and resistance (ohms) have an inverse relationship
because if one increases the other will decrease and vice versa.
Resistivity ( measured in omega cm) and resistance (ohms) have a
direct relationship as well because if one increases the other will
as well.

Ohms Law

1. A combination of a current (I) at 10.9 mA and a resistance (R) at
550 omega = Voltage of 6
A combination of a current (I) at 20.7 mA and a resistance (R) at
290 omega =Voltage of 6
A combination of a current (I) at 6.9 mA and a resistance (R) at
870 omega =Voltage of 6

2. The relationship between current and resistance is an inverse
one. If resistance increases, current will decrease and vice versa.
This is because Ohms law is Voltage= Current x Resistance
3. If you could decrease the resistance to zero, this would mean
there would be no substances preventing a voltage from
producing current. Therefore, any voltage would produce infinite
current.

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