Annex 1 - EPR Smokvica - Prdejci - ENG - FINAL

Environmental Protection Report from realization of the Project-Extension with reconstruction of the existing carriageway, left
carriageway of the Motorway A1 (E75), Smokvica-Gevgelija, section Smokvica-Prdejci

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION REPORT
FROM REALIZATION OF THE PROJECT
EXTENSION WITH RECONSTRUCTION OF THE EXISTING
CARRIAGEWAY, LEFT CARRIAGEWAY OF THE MOTORWAY A1
(E75), SMOKVICA-GEVGELIJA, SECTION SMOKVICA-PRDEJCI

SKOPJE
June, 2013
Environmental protection report from realization of the Project-Extension with reconstruction of the existing carriageway, left

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CONTENT:
1 GENERAL INFORMATION ....................................................................................................... 9
2 TYPE OF REPORT .................................................................................................................... 9
3 COMPETENT BODY FOR APPROVAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION REPORTS .. 9
4 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT IN WHICH THE ACTIVITY IS PERFORMED ................ 10
4.1 SHORT NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY OF THE ACTIVITY .............................................................. 10
4.2 DESCRIPTION OF THE LOCATION ........................................................................................... 11
4.2.1 Macrolocation of the area ................................................................................................ 11
4.2.2 Microlocation of the area ................................................................................................. 13
4.3 TECHNICAL-TECHNOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE ACTIVITY .................................................. 17
4.3.1 Technical-technological description of the project........................................................... 17
4.3.2 Project activities ............................................................................................................... 20
4.3.3 Equipment, means of transportation and machinery ....................................................... 30
4.4 RAW AND AUXILIARY MATERIALS ........................................................................................... 31
5 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT AROUND THE PROJECT AREA ........................ 34
5.1 GEOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TERRAIN .................................................................. 34
5.2 HYDRO-GEOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TERRAIN ...................................................... 35
5.2.1 Categorization of the ground by engineering-geological features ................................... 37
5.3 GEOMORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS .............................................................................. 37
5.4 PEDOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS ......................................................................................... 37
5.5 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LANDSCAPE ................................................................................. 38
5.6 EXISTING WATER RESOURCES ............................................................................................. 39
5.7 CLIMATIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE AREA ............................................................................ 43
5.8 EXISTING ROAD AND COMMUNAL INFRASTRUCTURE ............................................................... 45
5.9 BIODIVERSITY ...................................................................................................................... 50
5.10 CADASTRAL DATA IN THE PROJECT SCOPE ............................................................................ 53
5.11 DESCRIPTION OF THE SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT IN THE PROJECT AREA ........................................ 53
5.11.1 Socio-demographic profile ........................................................................................ 53
5.11.2 Socio-economic profile .............................................................................................. 55
5.11.3 Urban profile .............................................................................................................. 57
5.11.4 Socio-cultural profile .................................................................................................. 58
6 ENVIROMENTAL IMPACT ASSESMENT .............................................................................. 59
6.1 EMISSION ............................................................................................................................ 60
6.1.1 Air emissions ................................................................................................................... 60
6.2 EMISSIONS ON WATER AND SEWER ....................................................................................... 65
6.2.1 Construction phase .......................................................................................................... 65
6.3 WASTE GENERATION............................................................................................................ 68
6.3.2 Operational phase ........................................................................................................... 70
6.4 EMISSION ON SOIL ............................................................................................................... 71
6.5 NOISE, VIBRATION AND NON-IONIZING RADIATION ................................................................... 72
6.5.1 Noise ................................................................................................................................ 72
6.5.2 Vibration ........................................................................................................................... 75
6.5.1 Non-ionizing radiation ...................................................................................................... 76
6.6 BIODIVERSITY (FLORA, FAUNA AND HABITATS) ....................................................................... 76
6.7 SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC IMPACTS ............................................................................................ 77

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6.7.1 Land Acquisition .............................................................................................................. 77
6.7.2 People and Livestock Health and Safety Impact ............................................................. 77
6.8 SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACTS .................................................................................................. 78
6.8.1 Impact on Business and Agricultural Activities ................................................................ 78
6.8.2 Impact on tourism ............................................................................................................ 79
6.9 INFRASTRUCTURAL IMPACTS ................................................................................................ 80
6.9.1 Impact on local residents ................................................................................................. 80
6.9.2 Impact on local road infrastructure .................................................................................. 80
6.9.3 Impact on water supply, sewerage system, irrigation system and other infrastructure
objects ...................................................................................................................................... 80
6.10 SOCIO-CULTURAL IMPACTS .................................................................................................. 81
6.10.1 Labour impacts .......................................................................................................... 81
7 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION PROGRAM ..................................................................... 81
7.1 MITIGATION MEASURES FOR IMPACTS ON AIR ........................................................................ 82
7.2 MITIGATION MEASURES FOR IMPACTS ON WATERS AND SEWER............................................... 83
7.3 MITIGATION MEASURES FOR REDUCE THE IMPACT OF WASTE .................................................. 84
7.4 MITIGATION MEASURES FOR IMPACTS ON SOIL ...................................................................... 84
7.5 MITIGATION MEASURES FOR REDUCTION OF THE NOISE, VIBRATION, NON - IONIZING RADIATION 85
7.6 MITIGATION MEASURES FOR IMPACTS ON BIODIVERSITY ......................................................... 87
7.7 MEASURES FOR MITIGATION OF SOCIAL IMPACTS ................................................................... 87
7.8 RISK MANAGEMENT (OCCURRENCE OF A DISASTER, ACCIDENT OR EMERGENCY) ..................... 89
7.8.1 Construction Phase ......................................................................................................... 89
8 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN ........................................ 110
8.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN-EMP ........................................................... 111
8.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN ....................................................................... 126
9 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION ........................................................................................... 133
10 ANNEXES .............................................................................................................................. 136
11 STATEMENT .......................................................................................................................... 162
12 REFERENCES ....................................................................................................................... 163

TABLES
Table 1 List of materials which will be used during the construction activities ..................................... 32
Table 2 Demographic data of the project area .................................................................................... 53
Table 3 Number of pupils in Municipality of Gevgelija for 2011/12 school year ................................... 55
Table 4 Unemployment in Gevgelija ..................................................................................................... 55
Table 5 Active enterprises in the Municipality of Gevgelija, by sector of activity ................................. 56
Table 6 Agricultural statistics in the Municipality of Gevgelija .............................................................. 57

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Table 7 Measured concentration of CO
2
in ambient air........................................................................ 62
Table 8 Measured concentration of dust (PM) in ambient air at measurement point at village Prdejci 63
Table 9 Measured dust (PM) concentration in ambient air at measurement point at village Smokvica
.............................................................................................................................................................. 64
Table 10 List of wastes ......................................................................................................................... 68
Table 11 Noise levels from construction equipment ............................................................................. 72
Table 12 Noise levels from the construction site (15 m from the source) ............................................ 72
Table 13 Distance of the inhabited place from source of noise............................................................ 73
Table 14 Equivalent noise levels and maximum values measured at village Prdejci and near village
Smokvica ............................................................................................................................................... 74

FIGURES
Figure 1 The location of the Municipality of Gevgelija compared to the other municipalities in the
Republic of Macedonia .......................................................................................................................... 12
Figure 2 Position of the A1 motorway (E75) compared to the Municipality of Gevgelija ..................... 12
Figure 3 Part of the surrounding of the section "Smokvica-Prdejci ................................................... 13
Figure 4 Satellite images of the immediate surrounding of the section Smokvica-Prdejci .................. 15
Figure 5 Satellite image of the wider surrounding of the section Smokvic-Prdejci .............................. 15
Figure 6 Location of the section Prdejci-Smokvica on a topographic map with a scale of 1:25 000 ... 16
Figure 7 Part of the motorway A1 (75), section Smokvica-Prdejci .................................................... 17
Figure 8 Systems of canals for drainage on the motorway .................................................................. 19
Figure 9 Bridge on river Zuica .............................................................................................................. 19
Figure 10 Bridge on river Kovanska ..................................................................................................... 19
Figure 11 Underpass at the chainage km 1151+523.00 ...................................................................... 20
Figure 12 Cross section of the motorway drainage system ................................................................. 23
Figure 13 Schematic view of the asphalting and the thickness of the layers ....................................... 24
Figure 14 The method for traffic redirection and signalisation and equipment during construction of
the left carriageway ............................................................................................................................... 25
Figure 15 The method for traffic redirection and signalisation and equipment on the locations where
the newly designed carriageway overlaps the existing one .................................................................. 26
Figure 16 The necessary signalisation and equipment on the places when the new carriageway
passes from the left to the right side ..................................................................................................... 28
Figure 17 The method for traffic redirection and signalisation and equipment during reconstruction
and extension of the existing road ........................................................................................................ 29
Figure 18 Some of the equipment and machinery that will be used for the extension and
reconstruction of the carriageway ......................................................................................................... 30
Figure 19 Geological map of the wider area ........................................................................................ 35
Figure 20 Hydro-geological map of the wider area .............................................................................. 36
Figure 21 Characteristics of the landscape .......................................................................................... 38
Figure 22 Water-economy areas in the Republic of Macedonia .......................................................... 39
Figure 23 Rivers in the project area ..................................................................................................... 40
Figure 24 River Kovanska .................................................................................................................... 41
Figure 25 River Zuica ........................................................................................................................... 42

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Figure 26 Existing and planned hydropowerplants ............................................................................. 43
Figure 27 Climatic map of the Republic of Macedonia ........................................................................ 44
Figure 28 Rose of winds ....................................................................................................................... 44
Figure 29 Road network of the Republic of Macedonia ....................................................................... 45
Figure 30 Railway corridors.................................................................................................................. 46
Figure 31 Electricity distribution networks and hydro/thermal power plants in the Republic of
Macedonia ............................................................................................................................................ 46
Figure 32 System for irrigation South Vardar Valley ......................................................................... 47
Figure 33 The route of the oil pipeline Skopje-Thessaloniki ................................................................ 48
Figure 34 The route of the water supply and sewerage network at village Prdejci.............................. 49
Figure 35 Existing vegetation along the section .................................................................................. 50
Figure 36 Cultivated land ..................................................................................................................... 51
Figure 37 River Kovanska .................................................................................................................... 51
Figure 38 River Zuica ........................................................................................................................... 52
Figure 39 Measurement points at villages Prdejci and Smokvica........................................................ 62
Figure 40 Measurement point at village Smokvica ..................................................................................
Figure 41 Measurement point at village Prdejci ................................................................................... 62
Figure 42 Intensity of the noise reduction according to the distance from the source ......................... 73
Figure 43 Measurement points of noise levels at Prdejci and Smokvica ............................................. 74

GRAPHS
Graph 1 Gender constitution of the population in Municipality of Gevgelija ......................................... 54
Graph 2 Measured concentration of dust in ambient air at measurement point at village Prdejci ....... 63
Graph 3 Measured concentration of dust (PM) in ambient at measurement point at village Smokvica
.............................................................................................................................................................. 64

ANNEXES
ANNEX 1 ............................................................................................................................................. 136
ANNEX 2 ............................................................................................................................................. 142
ANNEX 4 ............................................................................................................................................. 147
ANNEX 4 ............................................................................................................................................. 158


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TECHNICAL NUMBER 01-111/1

Based on the concluded Contract between the Environmental Management Associates
DEKONS EMA LTD, Skopje and PE for National Roads-Skopje, no. 03-82 of 17/05/2013,
Environmental protection report from realization of the Project-Extension with reconstruction
of the existing carriageway, left carriageway of the Motorway A1 (E75), Smokvica-Gevgelija,
section Smokvica-Prdejci, in accordance with Article 24 of the Law on environment (Official
Gazette of RM" no. 53/05, 81/05, 24/07, 159/08, 83/09, 48/10, 124/10, 51/11 and 123/12)
has been prepared.
In accordance with the Decree on the activities for which preparation of elaborate is
mandatory and competent authority is the body of the state administration responsible for
the affairs of the environment ("Official Gazette of RM" no. 36/12), the extension with
reconstruction of the A1 (E75) motorway, Smokvica-Gevgelija belongs in Appendix, XI-
Infrastructural projects; 15.Reconstruction of Motorways and national roads more than 10
km
1
.
The Report was prepared in accordance with the Opinion no.11-3235/2 from 18.04.2013
issued by the Department of the Environment, in which the Investor (PE for National Roads)
is committed to prepare an Environmental Protection Report.
Within the project activity, in May 2013, site visit was conducted in order to be made
prospection of the current state of the location, where the activity will be carried out and to
identify potential sources of pollution in the environment from their operation.
The Environmental protection report gives a review of the current state of the investment
facility-A1 (E75) Motorway, Smokvica-Gevgelija, section Smokvica-Prdejci, identifies the
potential adverse impacts from the extension and reconstruction of the Motorway in the
environmental media and proposed measures for their reduction or mitigation.

1
Both sections which are subject of preparation of the Environmental protection reports are covered by one main project and
are in length of 6,726 km and 3,427 km, or a total of 10,153 km.

7

In the preparation of the Environmental protection report from realization of the Project-
Extension with reconstruction of the existing carriageway, left carriageway of the Motorway
A1 (E75), Smokvica-Gevgelija, section Smokvica-Prdejci for the needs of PE for national
roads-Skopje, the following team participated:

DEKONS-EMA
Manager
Menka Spirovska


8


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1 GENERAL INFORMATION
Name and surname of the legal entity
or individual that implements
activities
Public Enterprise for National Roads (PE for
National Roads)
Legal status PENR was founded in 2013 by the Law on
public roads, as the legal successor of the
Agency for State Roads
Ownership PE for state roads is owned by the
Government of the Republic of Macedonia
Business office of the legal entity
(registered in the central register)
Str.Dame Gruev No.14
1000 Skopje
Address where activities are/will be
implemented
Municipality Gevgelija,
Smokvica-Prdejci
Unique number of the legal entity 6839673
Identification of core activity
according to NCA
64.99
Category of activity that is the subject of the
application under the provisions of Article
24 paragraph (4) and (5)
Other financial-service activities, except
insurance and pension funding, not mentioned
elsewhere
Number of employees at the facility where
the activity is performed or activity for
which the application is submitted
/
Total number of employees in the
legal entity or individual that carries
on business or activity
319
Projected capacity 6,726 km
Name and surname of contact person
responsible for the approval of the study
and his position
Joze Jovanovski, Environmental engineer,
Environmental protection consultant
Telephone number - contact 02/ 3118-044 lok.135
Fax: 02/ 3220-535
2 TYPE OF REPORT
New activity
Existing activity
Expansion of existing activity
3 COMPETENT BODY FOR APPROVAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
REPORTS
Body name Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning- Department of
Environment
Adress Goce Delcev bvd No. 8, building MRTV 10
th
floor,1000 Skopje
Telephone 02/3251-400


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4 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT IN WHICH THE ACTIVITY IS PERFORMED
4.1 Short non-technical summary of the activity
The Project activity is implemented by PE for National Roads. In chapter 10 (Annexes) of
this Report, the Certificate from the Central Register is presented, i.e. the current status of
the company.
The Project envisages extension with reconstruction of the existing carriageway, left
carriageway of the Motorway A1 (E75), Smokvica-Gevgelija, section Smokvica-Prdejci.
Accordingly, one more lane of the already existing five lanes Motorway will be constructed,
in order to get full motorway with six lanes in both directions (three lanes in direction).
With the construction of this section, the connectivity between Macedonia and Greece will be
greatly improved and finally, the completion of the motorway A1 (Pan European Corridor 10)
in the Republic of Macedonia will be enabled, on level of complete Motorway with 6 lanes,
parallel with finalizing of the project for construction of the section Demir Kapija-Smokvica.
All of this will contribute to improving of the economy, the economic development will be
accelerated, safety and, in general, the quality of life of the people, not only in this part of the
country, but also wider.
The land on which the extension of the section is planned is state owned, which means that
the planned extension will not usurp fertile agricultural land, because the extension will be
carried out in the green area between the two carriageways, for which there is a projected
space.
In accordance with the Decree on the activities for which preparation of elaborate
2
is
mandatory and competent authority is the body of the state administration responsible for
the affairs of the environment ("Official Gazette of RM" no. 36/12), the extension with
reconstruction of the A1 (E75) motorway, Smokvica-Gevgelia belongs in Appendix, XI-
Infrastructural projects; 15.Reconstruction of Motorways and national roads more than 10
km
3
.
For performing of these activities a detailed design dating from 1999 was made. The data
from the project are base on which the preparation of this document is based.
The section Smokvica-Prdejci starts from the junction at the village Smokvica and continues
moving by the agriculture land, nearly parallel with the river Vardar on its right side and ends
south of the village Prdejci. The total length of the section is 6,726 km, starting from
chainage km 1145+073.20 to chainage km 1151+799.61. In the preparatory phase, before
starting of the construction works, samples will be taken and an analysis of the existing
materials from which the Motorway is constructed will be conducted, taking into account the
thickness of the asphalt layer, the protective layer against sliding on the road, the thickness
of granulation tampon layer that is applied under the asphalt, reinforced concrete structural
base of the underpass and bridges on rivers Kovanska and Zuica. This will provide data on

2
Enviromental protection report
3
Both sections which are subject of preparation of the Environmental protection reports are covered by one main project and
are in length of 6,726 km and 3,427 km, or a total of 10,153 km.

11

the current state of the section and materials which will be used for construction of a new
lane, new bridges on rivers Kovanska and Zuica, the new underpass on chainage km 1151
+523.00, as well as the reconstruction of the existing lanes of the carriageway.
The Project envisages major construction activities on the underpass, which is in poor
condition, i.e. it will be demolished and in its place a new underpass will be constructed and
new fence, type "New Jersey". But despite this, all overpasses, underpasses, culverts, pipes
for drainage and irrigation passing under and near the Motorway. They will be repaired or
reconstructed.
During the analysis of the submitted documentation, several inadequacies were identified,
i.e. lack of a final design for the section Smokvica-Prdejci, no detailed information available
for extension and reconstruction of the existing carriageway, left carriageway of the section
Smokvica-Prdejci, lacking a clear quantification of materials which will be used, precise
locations of the borrow pits, asphalt and concrete base, landfills, characteristics and type of
machinery and equipment which will be used in the construction phase, number of workers
and workdays, accurate quantities of waste, lack of monitoring stations for monitoring of air
quality in the vicinity of the project section resulting in a more general definition of emissions
and potential impacts of pollutants on the environment.
During the site visit, conducted on 30.05.2013 by the expert team, the locations of the
constituent elements of the Motorway along the section were determined.
4.2 Description of the location
4.2.1 Macrolocation of the area
The reconstruction and extension of the Motorway A1 (E75), south of the intersection near
the village Smokvica to the south of the intersection near the village Prdejci (left
carriageway), belongs to the municipality of Gevgelija.
The Municipality of Gevgelija is one of the largest municipalities in the Republic of
Macedonia and it is located in the southern part of the country, along the valley of the river
Vardar and Motorway E-75 (Trans-European Corridor 10). On the north and on the east it is
bounded by the municipalities of Valandovo and Bogdanci, on the west by the municipalities
of Demir Kapija and Kavadarci and on the south with Machukovo (Evzoni) in Greece.
According to the latest administrative division from 2004, the former Municipality of Miravci is
annexed to the Municipality of Gevgelija. Municipality of Gevgelija covers an area of 48.5 ha
or 485 km
2
, with 17 settlements: Gevgelia, Bogorodica, Gabrovo, Davididovo, Kovanec,
Konsko, Miletkovo, Miravci, Moin, Mrzenci, Negorci, Novo Konsko, Petrovo, Prdejci,
Smokvica, Sermenin and Huma. The municipality is geographically important "bridge for
connection" between Central and Eastern Europe, southern part of Europe and the Middle
East.
Section Smokvica-Prdejci starts from the junction at the village Smokvica and continues
moving by the cultivable areas, nearly parallel with the river Vardar on its right side and ends

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south of the village Prdejci. The total length of the section is 6,726 km, starting from
chainage km 1145+073.20 to chainage km 1151+799.61.
Viewed in the direction from village Smokvica towards the village Prdecji, from the starting
point of the five-lane Motorway, the right carriage has 3 lanes and the left one has left lanes.
It means that the extension will be with one lane on the left carriageway in the green belt in
towards the right carriage. Then, in the total the length of about 1.5 km south of the village
Prdejci, the Motorway is complete with 6 lanes and on that part of the Motorway, no
construction works will be performed.
The location of the Municipality of Gevgelija compared to the other municipalities of the
Republic of Macedonia is presented on the following figure.

Figure 1 The location of the Municipality of Gevgelija compared to the other municipalities in the
Republic of Macedonia
The following figure shows the position of the A1 Motorway (E75) compared to the
Municipality of Gevgelija.

Figure 2 Position of the A1 motorway (E75) compared to the Municipality of Gevgelija
Municipality of
Gevgelija
Motorway
1 (75)

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4.2.2 Microlocation of the area
The envisaged project activities "Extension with reconstruction of the existing carriageway,
left carriageway of the Motorway A1 (E75), Smokvica-Gevgelija, section Smokvica-Prdejci"
will be performed at the location of the existing Motorway section "Smokvica-Predejci". The
Motorway section passes near the settlements Smokvica and Prdejci, at the closest distance
of about 100-150 m.
There are not any registered facilities that perform medical, social and educational activities
in the vicinity of project area.
Geomorphologicaly, the field of the locations is plain, which is part of Gevgelija field. On the
north and on the east are the transitions of the plain part and the rocky masses from Triassic
and Jurassic age. The terrain is characterized by disaggregated morphology.
The project area is a landscape unit under strong anthropogenic influence. It is flat and fertile
area where intensive agricultural activities are performed. Characteristic feature of this
landscape unit is the presence of human settlements and commercial complexes.
The project area is located in the basin of the lower course of the river Vardar and is situated
along its course.
The river Vardar is the most important watercourse in the Republic of Macedonia and covers
about 83% of the catchment area of the counrty. In the project area, thee river Vardar drains
the surface and groundwaters. Along the river Vardar, which is located in the distant
surroundings of the Motorway route, the project area includes rivers Zuica and Kovanska,
which are its tributaries. Near the village Smokvica there are rich sources of thermomineral
water.
The industrial zone "Biloto" is in the immediate vicinity of the project area, for which Urban
Plan outside Settlement is already made and whose construction will start soon. Also, there
are two gas stations operating near the village Smokvic.
The route of the pipeline Skopje-Thessaloniki is passing south of the village Prdejci. Also,
near the village Prdejci, part of the irrigation system "South Vardar Valley" is passing, which
is used for irrigation of the agricultural land in the area of Prdejci-Negorci. The route passes
near the pipeline for water supply of the village Smokvica.

Figure 3 Part of the surrounding of the section "Smokvica-Prdejci

14

The immediate and wider surroundings of the Motorway section "Smokvica-Prdejci is shown
on the next "Google" images.


15

Figure 4 Satellite images of the immediate surrounding of the section Smokvica-Prdejci

Figure 5 Satellite image of the wider surrounding of the section Smokvic-Prdejci
The location of the section Prdejci-Smokvica on a topographic map with a scale of 1:25 000
is presented in the next figure:

16

Figure 6 Location of the section Prdejci-Smokvica on a topographic map with a scale of 1:25 000


17

4.3 Technical-technological description of the activity
4.3.1 Technical-technological description of the project
The project activity envisages extension with reconstruction of the existing carriageway, left
carriageway of the Motorway A1 (E75), Smokvica-Gevgelija, section Smokvica-Prdejci, i.e.
another lane to an existing five-lane Motorway will be constructed as an addition in order to
get full Motorway with six lanes in both directions (three lanes in direction).
This is the last non-extended section of the existing Motorway A1 (E-75), passing through
Republic of Macedonia and connects Republic of Serbia with Republic of Greece, bearing in
mind that the construction of the remaining section Demir Kapija-Smokvica is ongoing. The
realization of the project will enable faster and safer transportation from Central Europe to
Greece, Turkey and the Middle East, as it will be linked to "Via Egnatia" (east-west)
Motorway in Greece.
The total width of the three lanes, after the extension is projected to reach 11 meters,
carriageway composed of 2 lanes per 3.75 m, 2 edge lanes of half a meter, stoping lanes in
width of 2.5 meters and central reservation of 4 meters. In total, with the carriageway from
the opposite direction, the motorway will have a width of 26 meters.
The average calculated speed of the vehicle is 120 km/h and approximately 4.200 vehicles
per year are passing through the motorway, with the largest share of passenger vehicles,
about 70%.
The maximum longitudinal slope of the motorway is 4%, which is a natural drainage or ability
to spill the precipitation along the motorway, directly into the storm water culverts and
drainage system along the central reservation.

Figure 7 Part of the motorway A1 (75), section Smokvica-Prdejci
This section starts from the junction at the village Smokvica and continues moving by the
cultivable areas, nearly parallel with the river Vardar on its right side and ends south of the
village Prdejci. The total length of the section is 6,726 km, starting from chainage km
1145+073.20 to chainage km 1151+799.61.
In the preparatory phase, before starting of the construction works, samples will be taken
and an analysis of the existing materials from which the Motorway is constructed will be

18

conducted, taking into account the thickness of the asphalt layer, the protective layer against
sliding on the road, the thickness of granulation chorused stone layer that is applied under
the asphalt, reinforced concrete structural base of the underpass and bridges on rivers
Kovanska and Zuica. This will provide data on the current state of the section and materials
which will be used for construction of a new lane, new bridges on rivers Kovanska and
Zuica, the new underpass on chainage km 1151+523.00, as well as the reconstruction of the
existing lanes of the carriageway
The Project envisages major construction activities on the underpass, which is in poor
condition, i.e. it will be demolished and in its place a new underpass will be constructed and
new fence, type "New Jersey". But despite this, all overpasses, underpasses, culverts, pipes
for drainage and irrigation passing under and near the Motorway. They will be repaired or
reconstructed.
During the site visit, conducted on 30.05.2013 by the expert team, the locations of the
constituent elements of the Motorway along the section were determined.
Structures found along the route of the motorway section Smokvic-Prdejci, on which major
construction works will be conducted are the bridge on the river Kovanska, located before
the overpass at the village Prdejci on the chainage km 1150+546.00, as well as the bridge
on the river Zuica at the chainage km 1148+774.51, consisting of two carriage lanes with an
average width of 12.9 m for each lane, built as a flat plate with three connections to the
motorway, with wing walls and upgrades, surrounded by specific fence. They are
constructed transversely to the river bed without additional regulation of the river beds, but it
is considered that it is not necessary, because the rivers in most of the year are dried.
Due to the dilapidation of the bridges and the weak structure, unsuitable for the planned
extension and reconstruction, they will be demolished and in their place new bridges with
three lanes in addition of the motorway will be built. The fence of the bridges called "New
Jersey" will be demolished and re-assembled. The demolition of the the bridges will be
performed by using heavy machinery, excavators and drillers, without using explosives.
Then, additional excavation of about 13.000 m
3
of earth will be performed, in order to make
the space from the river beds that are required for setting the foundations for the new
bridges. After that, the concrete and reinforced concrete works with a total volume of 2.000
m
3
of concrete and iron reinformcement weighing 32 t will be conducted. In addition, the
preparatory works, placement of the crushed stone and asphalting will continue in the same
manner as at the motorway, with the only difference in the asphalt layer, which at the bridges
has a thickness of 8 cm. This would include an extension of the drainage system, building of
the structure and laying the pipes on the motorway, construction of sidewalks and fencing of
the bridges. At the end, testing of the new bridges in terms of load, weight load of the
structure and surface friction load on the bridge will be performed.
The systems for drainage of storm water that are collected on the motorway during rain are
set in the middle of the central reservation in the form of a network of canals, collection
sumps, pipes for conveying water and storm water culverts, through which without no

19

previous treatment water is discharged in the vicinity and in the beds of the rivers Kovanska
and Zuica. The following figures show the layout of the drainage systems on the motorway.

Figure 8 Systems of canals for drainage on the motorway
In the middle of the central reservation, cement canals with a width of 50 cm are built, which
collect water and brings it to a collective manhole on every hundred meters. Drainage
systems are currently in poor condition due to the dilapidation and irregular maintenance,
part of the manholes and pipes are clogged by debris from vegetation (leaves, grass and
soil) that flow in the canals, therefore there is flooding of the motorway during the heavy
rains.

Figure 9 Bridge on river Zuica

Figure 10 Bridge on river Kovanska

20

Figure 11 Underpass at the chainage km 1151+523.00
4.3.2 Project activities
The planned activities are extension with reconstruction of the existing carriageway of the
Motorway A1 (E75) Smokvica-Gevgelija, i.e. extension of the left carriageway of the section
Smokvica-Prdejci and right carriageway of the section Negorci-Gevgelija, with special
reference to the above mentioned existing structures on and around the motorway. The
reconstruction includes set of preparatory works that will ensure uninterrupted operations
and that in terms of protecting the environment and the occupational health and safety of the
workers and the traffic participants are of great importance.
4.3.2.1 Preparatory works
Marking and securing of the alignment-before the commencement of the civil works
envisaged in the main design, the first thing that needs to be done is marking and securing
of the alignments of the envisaged roads with all signs for traffic safety, adjustment of the
speed of to the road conditions and traffic diversion.
Clearing of the alignment of from roots, trees and shrubs-because the road extension will
take place in the central reservation through the middle of the motorway, clearing along the
green central reservation in length of 6.726 km will be made. Then, the protective fencing
and plants along the construction site will be removed. Because it is vegetation consisting of
plants, grass, stubs and oleanders along the central reservation, there is no need for using
heavy machinery for clearing the ground, except hand saws, trimmers and scythes, rakes
and other hand tools.
Demolition of existing structures along the section-this work includes excavation and
dismounting of traffic signs, gutters, concrete channels (in length of 318 m), man holes,
demolition of bricks, stone or concrete walls (in amount of 80 m
3
), demolition of the existing
carriageway constructions, removal of kerbs, demolition of fences, buildings, existing flat
culverts, pipe culverts and their entry and exit heads and/or any other obstacles that could in
any way impede the construction.

21

4.3.2.2 Substructure
Scraping of the existing asphalt-to provide comprehensive reconstruction and merging the
new with the existing carriageway lanes and correction of the damage that occured with the
continuous attrition and weathering, the surface layer of the asphalt along the project section
will be removed, with a thickness of 0-3 cm, 3-6 cm, >6 cm, determined by the construction
experts, with a total area of 15.428 m
2
.
Excavation of humus-this work encompasses the surface excavation of the humus
performed during the wide excavation of the alignment for the extension with the third lane in
total amount of 33.416 m
3
. Next, excavation of earth in a wide ditch in amount of 98.641 m
3

will be made and compression of the formed broad plateau. After that, the surface and the
substructure with an area of about 155.398 m
2
will be performed, with construction of
enhanced base from earth of about 68.642,5 m
3
. Once all of the construction works will be
completed, the central reservation will be restored and the excavated humus and soil will be
reused for filling the holes and damages in the project area and disposal of the waste
generated during earth works.
Subgrade-is a natural layer of soil on which the foundations of the embankments will be
placed. Works for construction of the subrage include compaction, possible excavation for
drying or suppression of the natural soil layer for gaining a thickness determined by the
design of about 30 cm. If the composition of the soil-subgrade is such that it prevents the
fulfillment of the criteria established with standards (saturated soil, mud, soil with organic
materials etc.) it will be necessary to prepare the subgrade which would be consistent with
the design criteria.
Embankment construction-for the embankment construction non-organic material with the
prescribed quality will be used. The embankments can contain organic rubble, roots, bushes,
or material that over time due to biochemical action, will change its mechanical and physical
characteristics. The material for the construction of an embankment can be obtained from
the cuts of the alignment or supply locations. The regulations controlling the quality of the
material used for embankment construction is given in the standards (MKS U.B1.010/79,
MKS U.B1.012/79, MKS U.B1.014/88 etc.). When examining the suitability of materials for
embankment construction, examinations will be made of every cut and supply location, as
well as when changing the material. The experiments should be done on a minimum of 2
samples for each type of material.
Nails near the structures-are constructed to eliminate deformations of the carriageway on
the joints between the embankment and the structure. The nail construction will be made in
one of the following manners: a) if the structure is finished before the embankment, then the
nail should be constructed in parallel b) If the structure is not finished and the embankment
is being constructed, then the nail should be constructed as near as possible to the structure
so that the subgrade could consolidate faster.
Level of the substructure-this works includes levelling of the substructure in the cuts,
embankments with rough and fine levelling and compacting. The works have to be
performed to the elevation envisaged in the design along the whole width of the level and in

22

accordance with the standards. The same applies to the materials for the construction of the
final layer of the embankment.
Planning and distribution of the rest of the humus-this position will utilize the humus
material that had been previously taken to a temporary landfill. The construction of the
grassing and vegetative protection will be made immediately after the completion of the
embankment or the cut. The humus should be placed, leveled and compacted on a
previously arranged surface with a specific thickness determined by the design.
Excavation-the excavation of the canals will be performed before the commencement of
embankment works. The excavation will be made precisely according to the design details.
All excavation surfaces at the bottom or at the slopes will be constructed smoothly with the
proper slopes as to avoid the retention of water or the erosion of earth. The entire excavated
material will be used for embankments or other individual works, or it will be transported in
landfills determined by the Municipality.
Draining of the body of the road-Reconstruction of drainage system for storm water will be
carried out in accordance with the details of the Detailed design. In order to follow the
existing drainage system for storm water, reconstruction and rehabilitation of the drainage
system in the central reservation will be made in the new situation along the section. The
system of drainage canals with a total length of 972 m will be restored, because the old
canals are closed and clogged from different types of waste and the surrounding vegetation
and allocation to the interior of the central reservation the moving of the carriageway will be
performed. The pipes for drainage of storm water will be reconditioned and new concrete
manholes will be constructed for conveying the water to the culverts along the motorway.
The drainage system will be constructed of materials with the same quality and features as
the already renovated drainage system where construction has been completed. The system
will be consisted of collecting canals that will go in the middle of the central reservation in
width of 50 cm. Around them, the earth will make natural filtration and the water will be able
to dive to the layer of crushed stone, which is with larger granulation of the grains, and will
serve as a filter material so the water can easily flow to the pickup polyethylene pipe, with an
average diameter of 250 mm, perforated on the upper side. In this way, the storm water will
be successfully collected and drained. The tube will be placed in the appropriate base canal
with a width of about 100-130 cm, which at the bottom will be placed in sand with thickness
of 5 cm. Imperforated half of the pipe will then be incorporated into the concrete MB-20 to
provide a solid structure to further protect the system from external influences such as
vibrations, various pests etc. The following figure shows the cross section of the motorway
drainage system.


23

Figure 12 Cross section of the motorway drainage system
4.3.2.3 Superstructure
Construction of sub-base layer of buffer-after completion of the construction works and
preparation of surface, the layer of crushed stone-feldspad with thickness of 35 cm will be
placed, with different grain size, which will serve as a basis for compaction in total amount of
40.000 m
3
which will prevent collapsing of the motorway.
Construction of a bitumen bearing layer-then, over the tampon layer a layer of bituminous
mixture, BNS 32 YA with thickness of 13 cm on an area of about 106.000 m
2
will be applied.
The modern top supportive bases made of bitumen granulated stone material, produced in
an asphalt base using Czech procedure, are defined with the standard MKS U.E9.021/86.
The production and implementation if the asphalt mixes BNS is done during favourable
climactic conditions, without rainfalls and when the surface temperature and the air
temperature (without wind) is above +5C. Standard stone aggregates, send, connective
substance-bitumen and filler are used as basic materials for the production of asphalt mixes
for BNS.
Construction of final layer of asphalt concrete-over the bituminous layer, after fine
compaction, asphalt layer in thickness of 6 cm will be layed, which will be further physicaly

24

processed against wethering during usage. The asphalt concrete
4
will be applied as final
wear courses on the carriageway constructions. The construction of asphalt concretes
includes: supply of standard stone pebbles, connective substance (bitumen), production,
transport and implementation of the asphalt concrete mix in the final layer of the carriageway
construction.
The following figure shows the schematic procedure of application of all layers of the
superstructure and bringing it to the final stage of the motorway.

Figure 13 Schematic view of the asphalting and the thickness of the layers
After completing the procedures for coating the road, the road will be marked, carriageway
lanes will be drawn and the protective metal or concrete embankments and fences will be
placed, on the places where it is required by the project, which would secure the road from
illegal crossing of the surrounding people or animals and protection from possible slidings
from the road vehicles moving at inappropriate speeds and/or during worsened road
conditions.
4.3.2.4 Temporary diversion including traffic management
The reconstruction and extension of the motorway A1 (E75) will be done in phases:
1. During the construction of the left carriageway of the motorway, the traffic will flow
continuously but with a reduced speed due to the presence of machinery. The
method for traffic redirection and signalisation and equipment is given on the
following figure.

4
The production and implementation are defined with MKS U.E4.014/90.

25

Figure 14 The method for traffic redirection and signalisation and equipment during construction of
the left carriageway
2. On the locations where the newly designed carriageway overlaps the existing one, the
existing road will be extended from the left and right side. If the existing road is
extended at the same time when the new carriageway is being built, the construction
site will encompass a part of the carriageway (about 1.2 m) and so the free driving
surface will be 6.5 m wide. The traffic here will be two way with a speed limit of 60
km/h. The maximal length of the site will be 0.5 km. The method for traffic redirection
and signalisation and equipment is given on the following figure.

Environmental Protection Report from realization of the Project-Extension with reconstruction of the existing carriageway, left carriageway of the Motorway A1 (E75), Smokvica-Gevgelija, section
Smokvica-Prdejci

26

Figure 15 The method for traffic redirection and signalisation and equipment on the locations where the newly designed carriageway overlaps
the existing one
Environmental Protection Report from realization of the Project-Extension with reconstruction of the existing carriageway,
left carriageway of the Motorway A1 (E75), Smokvica-Gevgelija, section Smokvica-Prdejci

27

3. When the new carriageway passes from the left to the right side, the construction
site encompasess half of the existing carriageway. On the free driving surface with
a width of 3.5 m the traffic will be one way and the other way will flow when the
one way is being stopped. The regulation will be manual. The allowed speed is 40
km/h. The length of the construction site is 200 m. The necessary signalisation
and equipment is given on the next figure.

Environmental Protection Report from realization of the Project-Extension with reconstruction of the existing carriageway, left carriageway of the Motorway A1 (E75), Smokvica-Gevgelija, section
Smokvica-Prdejci

28

Figure 16 The necessary signalisation and equipment on the places when the new carriageway passes from the left to the right side

29

4. After the construction of the new carriageway the existing road will be rehabilitated and
extended. The traffic, before the start of of the construction site, will be redirected along
the new carriageway. The new carriageway is with a width of 11.0 m or two driving lanes
and a stopping lane and a speed limit of 120 km/h. The traffic will flow in two directions
with a speed limit if 60 km/h. The method for traffic redirection and signalisation and
equipment is given on the next figure.

Figure 17 The method for traffic redirection and signalisation and equipment during reconstruction and
extension of the existing road

30

4.3.3 Equipment, means of transportation and machinery
For uninterrupted realization of the process of extension and reconstruction of the carriageway
lane on the section Smokvica-Prdejci, the foolowing mechanization is needed:
No Type of equipment
1. Finishers on caterpillars
2. Rollers with tires
3. Finishers on wheels
4. Vibratory roller for asphalt
5. Vibratory roller for earth
6. Rotary mixer
7. Milling of asphalt and concrete
The following figure shows some of the equipment and machinery that will be used for the
extension and reconstruction of the carriageway.

Figure 18 Some of the equipment and machinery that will be used for the extension and reconstruction of
the carriageway


31

4.4 Raw and auxiliary materials
For the construction of all envisaged activities, new materials will be needed.
In the Main project, which is the basis for the preparation of the Environmental Protection Report,
the type and quantity of the materials which will be used in the construction phase, the source for
supply and the location (as borrow pits, concrete base, facilities for crushing the aggregate, fuel
stations, water supply, asphalt, etc.), temporary storage and management of the project area etc.
are not precisely defined
5
.
Also, there is no data in the Main project related to the use of labor, accommodation of the
workers and working conditions, in particular the number of employees, location of camps for
workers, working days/shifts, hours, water for sanitation, waste water management, waste
management, etc. The need for labor will be determined based on the preliminary data for
construction/rehabilitation, assessment of the intensity of the work and the available labor in the
companies engaged.
The transport of the excavated material will be performed by road, using the existing roads. For
reconstruction of the existing carriageway, the same way of transport for the construction
materials will be used.
In the main project, also, the place for disposing of the waste material is not defined
6
.
All the above missing data in the Main project will be provided by the Contractor engaged to
carry out the construction works on the basis of a tender.
Some data available in the basic project related to the types of building materials, anticipated
amounts and supply are presented in the following table.

5
All the above data missing in Main project will be provided in the Detailed design, prepared by a contractor, engaged to carry out
construction work on the basis of activities defined in the tender documentation.
The final Design will define the type of materials, quantity, location of the borrow pits for materials, concrete and asphalt base, a way
of delivery and transportation etc. If there is a need for setting a concrete and asphalt base and also it is form borrow pits for materials
only for the project within the project area, in that case the Contractor will prepare appropriate documentation to protect the
environment upon which he will obtain pemit for working.
6
The

locations for disposal of the waste generated in the construction phase will be defined in the Final design.

32

Table 1 List of materials which will be used during the construction activities
Type of construction and
additional materials
Source Quantity Unit Storage area Remarks
Asphalt Asphalt base Not defined in this
phase
m
3
Not defined in this
phase
The data will be
provided by the
Contractor
7

Sand and gravel Provider -//- m
3
-//- -//-
Cement Provider -//- m
3
-//- -//-
Concrete Concrete
base
-//- m
3
-//- -//-
Metal Provider -//- m
3
-//- -//-
Plastic Provider
-//-
m
3
-//- -//-
Insulating materials Provider
-//-
m -//- -//-
Welding materials Provider
-//-
m -//- -//-
Electronic devices Provider
-//-
m -//- -//-
Paints and coatings Provider
-//-
m
3
-//- -//-
Oil Provider
-//-
m
3
-//- -//-
Water Provider
-//-
m
3
-//- -//-
Water supply will be made with bottled water and by using tanks to carry water to meet the
sanitary needs of workers.
The required amount of water depends on the workload and the weather conditions, and thats
why it cannot be accurately determines the consumption of drinking water and water for
sanitation needs. Also, water will be required for spraying the access roads and washing the
machines. The required amounts of technical water cannot be determined at this stage.
The working activities on the local road will be carried out only during the day so as not to use
electricity for lighting of the section.
The construction machinery will use diesel as fuel, in amounts that will depend on the dynamics
of the construction activities
As auxiliary materials for the extension and reconstruction of the section will be used:
Fuel;
Motor oil for the mechanization;
Lubricating oils for the mechanization etc.

7
Contractors will be obligated to prepare Project for executing of the works, which will define the quality, sources of supply of raw
materials, management etc.

33

The total amount of these auxiliary materials cannot be determined and will depend on the pace
and workload.
Other auxiliary materials that will be used during the extension and reconstruction are: pipes,
tires, spare parts for the machinery etc. Their volume cannot be accurately determined at this
stage.


34

5 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT AROUND THE PROJECT AREA
The planned project activities "Extension with reconstruction of the existing carriageway, left
carriageway of the Motorway A1 (E75), Smokvica-Gevgelija, section Smokvica-Prdejci" will be
performed at the location of the existing motorway section "Smokvica-Predejci". The motorway
section passes near the settlements Smokvica and Prdejci, and the closest housing facilities
and commercial buildings are located at about 100-150 m from the project area (motorway) in
the village Prdejci and at least 400 m in the village Smokvica.
Along the motorway alignment industrial buildings are registered, a quarry near the village
Prdejci, agricultural plantations, greenhouses and fallow land.
Near the project area there are no registered facilities that perform medical, social and
educational activities.
5.1 Geological characteristics of the terrain
The geology of the wider area generally is represented by:
Unbounded rocky masses
The part of the quarterly-alluvial sediments belongs to this group: sands and gravels, diverse
granulate with singles.
Half-bounded rocky masses
Clayey and dusty materials from the quarterly-alluvial sediments belong to this group. They are
characterized by lower representation in the narrower and the wider area.
Tied petrified rocky masses
The parent rocky masses that are from Triassic and Jurassic age belong to this group. These
are quarterly-alluvial sediments and have good physical and mechanical properties with good
bearing characteristics.
In most of the motorway route and beyond, parent rock mass are the diabases, which build up
the largest component of Paleorelief and alluvial sediments along the river Vardar. The
diabases are characterized by good physical and mechanical properties, and good bearing
characteristics.


35

Figure 19 Geological map of the wider area
5.2 Hydro-geological characteristics of the terrain
Represented lithological units, according to their hydrogeological function can be divided into:
hydrogeological collectors, hydrogeological conductors and hydrogeological insulators.
According to the hydrodynamic characteristics and the conditions that are dominant in this type
of aquifers area, a compact formations with free level of groundwater was developed.
Aquifer is formed in the terraces of river Vardar and it nourishes from the rainfall, and also has
direct transmissibility of river Vardar. As for the groundwater level, it ranges from 4.0 m to 10.0
m and has small fluctuations. According to yield, the ground belongs to the group of fields with
good yield.
Because of the unbounded lithological units registered with depths over 10 m and their
collection characteristics, hydrogeological parameters of the groundwater are with high values.

36

Hydro-geological collectors
Sands and gravels belong to this group , which have a coefficient of filtration from n x 10
-2
m/s to
n x 10
-5
m/s.
They developed well with free groundwater level and it is compact type.
Hydro-geological conductors
Clayey and dusty materials belong to this group, with a coefficient of filtration from n x 10
-5
m/s
to n x 10
-7
m/s.
Hydro-geological insulators
Dusts and clays belong to this group, which are featured with good density and plasticity and
firmly bound petrified rock masses-diabases and they are with waterproof barrier and have
insulating capabilities. The coefficient ranges from n x 10
-7
m/s to n x 10
-9
m/s.
With the construction activities, the hydraulic characteristics of the environment will not be
changed.

Figure 20 Hydro-geological map of the wider area


37

5.2.1 Categorization of the ground by engineering-geological features
Based on the characteristics presented in the field of geological engineering-geological and
hydro-geological characteristics of the terrain, it belongs to the following categories, according
to construction standards, G.N.200:
Part of the sandy-gravel materials with clay binder of Alluvial and Proluvial sediments,
they belong to category III, mining can be done manually or with easy machinery.
Part of tightly bound petrified rocky masses-diabases that are base of the ground,
belong to category VI and VII. Partitioning is performed by machines but only in surface
areas with explosives into the deeper parts.
5.3 Geomorphological characteristics
The field, geo-morphologically is a plane, which is part of Gevgelija field. On the north and on
the east is the plain of transitions and rocky masses from Triassic and Jurassic age. The terrain
is characterized by disaggregated morphology.
Most of the alluvial layers is located on the western peripheral parts on the valley of the rivers
Sermeninska, Kovanska, Zuica and Stara, which are characteristic for the tributaries of the right
bank of the river Vardar. On both sides of the river Vardar, in the lowest parts of the valley has a
large area covered with tiered storage material.
Tectonic units of the field is mostly associated with Alpine and Hercins orogenesis. The field
belongs to the Vardar geotectonic unit, where there are no registered tectonic appearances and
processes.
5.4 Pedological characteristics
The presence and distribution of the soil types in the area of the motorway corridor is given
according to "Soils of the Republic of Macedonia" (Filipovich 1997-2004). Along the river Vardar
alluvial soils are distributed in the middle part of the valley which extends to 100 m above the
sea level. The layers of this soil are well aligned. They are water permeable and have good
capacity for water permeability. Alluvial soils containing low concentration of humus (below 1%).
There are many types of alluvial soil depending on certain special features. Such variations are
alluvial fine sorted carbonates, shallow alluvial soil of gravel material, alluvial soil etc. The most
common are sorted fine alluvial soils, alluvial covered soil.
Anthropogenic soils are distributed in the agricultural area of the motorway, because their
genesis is exclusively associated with anthropogenic activities.
The rigosolites are soil that is formed by human intervention in vineyards and orchards.

38

5.5 Characteristics of the landscape
The project area is a landscape unit under strong anthropogenic influence. It is flat and fertile
area where are performed intensive agricultural activities. Characteristic feature of this
landscape unit is the presence of human settlements and commercial complexes.

Figure 21 Characteristics of the landscape

39

5.6 Existing Water Resources
The project area (motorway section Smokvica-Predejci) is located in the watershed of the lower
course of the river Vardar and it is situated along the river. The river Vardar is the most
important watercourse that drains surface and groundwater.

Figure 22 Water-economy areas in the Republic of Macedonia
Along the river Vardar, which is located in the distant surroundings of the motorway section
(least distance of 400 m), the project area includes rivers Zuica and Kovanska, which are
flowing into the river Vardar.

Environmental protection report from realization of the Project-Extension with reconstruction of the existing carriageway, left carriageway of the Motorway A1 (E75), Smokvica-
Gevgelija, section Smokvica-Prdejci

40

Figure 23 Rivers in the project area


41

River flow of the river Vardar varies throughout the year. The average existing water quality in
water measuring station (Gevgelia) is 170 m
3
/s, maximum is 2400 m
3
/s and the minimum is 14.4
m
3
/s. Yet this amount of water is the largest in the country.
The river Vardar, in the section from Udovo to Gevgelia has the characteristics of a typical
planar river. The average inclination of the riverbed in Smokvica is 1.19 , and in Gevgelija
Valley - 0.72 .
In terms of water quality, defined in accordance with the Regulation on the categorization of
streams, lakes, accumulations and groundwater ("Official Gazette of RM" no. 18/99), the river
Vardar from the estuary of river Crna to the border with Greece belongs in category II and III.
River Kovanska is a right tributary of the river Vardar, which spring is in the place called Flora
on Kozuf at an altitude of 1.700 m. From the start it is flowing on the northeast, then near Visoki
Kamen turns and runs to the southeast and is flowing into river Vardar near the village Prdejci
on an elevation of 53 m. It is 24 km long, with a catchment area of 62 km
2
and a relative decline
of 69 .

Figure 24 River Kovanska

42

Catchment area of the river Zuica is 27.53 km
2
, while the length of the basin is 10.71 km. The
source of the river is located at an altitude of 450 m, while downstream is flowing at an altitude
of 705 m, and the height of the bridge, which will be reconstructed is 63 m asl. The slope of the
flow is 30.52 , and the slope of the basin 59.94 .
The river Zuica receives a number of smaller rivers, which means that the catchment area of the
river has developed hydrological network.

Figure 25 River Zuica
Water quality of the rivers Kovanska and Zuica is not defined in the Regulation on
categorization of streams, lakes, accumulations and groundwater ("Official Gazette of RM" no.
18/99).
Near the village Smokvica there are rich sources of thermo-mineral water.
The City of Gevgelia is supplied with water from groundwater wells, with capturing of two sites,
from the well within the factory Zora and the wells near the motorway or river Vardar.
The wells for water supply of Gevgelia are not located near the project area.
In accordance with the Spatial Plan of the Republic of Macedonia, 2004 and the National Water
Strategy 2012-2040, adopted in 2012 in the wider environment of the project area construction
of hydropower plants Gjavato and Gevgelia is planned.


43

Figure 26 Existing and planned hydropowerplants
8

5.7 Climatic characteristics of the area
The wide openness of the Vardar Valley, and with it the Municipality of Gevgelia, towards the
Thessaloniki basin through the valley of Vardar, conditions strong influence of the
Mediterranean climate in this region. This influence is especially expressed in the valley up to
300 m asl and it is less changed in the hilly area to 600 m asl.
The average annual temperature in Gevgelija is 14.3C. The coldest month of the year is
January with an average temperature of 3.2C and the warmest is July with an average
temperature of 25.7C.
The average annual amount of rainfall is 745.2 mm
3
. The average humidity is 71-72 %, in winter
is 81-82 % and in summer it descends up to 56 %.
Fogs in the area of the municipality are rare occurrence. Fogs arise in the fall and winter
months, and are most expressed in December with 3.3 days.
Most expressed winds are Vardarec and Jug. Vardarec occurs from the north and Jug by
southeast direction.

8
Source: National Water Strategy

44

Figure 27 Climatic map of the Republic of Macedonia

Figure 28 Rose of winds

45

5.8 Existing road and communal infrastructure
The planned project activities will be carried out on the motorway E-75 or Corridor X that
represents the most frequent road in the Republic of Macedonia and it is an important factor for
the local economic development, especially on transit tourism, in which a central place occupies
Gevgelija and border crossing Bogorodica.

Figure 29 Road network of the Republic of Macedonia
Parallel with the projected section passes the international railway corridor Belgrade-Skopje-
Athens (Corridor X).

46

Figure 30 Railway corridors
Supply of electricity in Gevgelija is made with the electro energetic power system of Republic of
Macedonia and all the settlements are supplied with a stable voltage power grid.
In the widely environment of the project area there are above ground power lines Dubrovo-
Thessaloniki (400 kV) and Valandovo-Gevgelia (110 kV).

Figure 31 Electricity distribution networks and hydro/thermal power plants in the Republic of Macedonia
9

9
Source: Spatial Plan of the Republic of Macedonia.

47

South of the village Prdejci the route of the oil pipeline Skopje-Thessaloniki is passing. Also, in
the vicinity of the village Prdejci part of the irrigation system "South Vardar Valley" is passing,
that is used for irrigation of cultivable areas in the area of Prdejci-Negorci. In the vicinity of the
section the pipeline for water supply of village Smokvica is passing.
The motorway section at the village Prdejci intersects the network for water supply of the village
Prdejci, as well as the planned sewerage network. In the village Smokvica there is already built
water supply network, but no sewer network.
On the following maps the routes of these infrastructure facilities are shown.

Figure 32 System for irrigation South Vardar Valley


48

Figure 33 The route of the oil pipeline Skopje-Thessaloniki

The route of the oil pipeline

49

Figure 34 The route of the water supply and sewerage network at village Prdejci

50

5.9 Biodiversity
The project area, i.e. the motorway section Smokvica-Prdejci is located near the railway line. A
special feature of this biotope located between the road corridors is the frequent presence of a
specific type of natural vegetation dictated by anthropogenic influence. Some neophytes are
present with local plants, and some of ruderal plant communities are adapted exclusively for
development along the road.
These kind areas of the road corridor are: Geranio-Silybetum mariani Oberd. (1954
characteristic for the margins of roads and railways), Lolio-Plantaginetum commutatae H-ic
(1934) 1963 and Sclerochloetum durae Br-Bl 1931 (typical for rigid soils along the roads and
streets). Because it is not specific for the area, they dont have high relevance to the overall
biodiversity of the region.
Along the section thermophilic mixed evergreen and deciduous forests and shrublands
belonging to the sub-Mediterranean-European sub-region-Macedonian-Thracian area are
present. This is the dominant type of vegetation that determines the characteristics of the sub-
Mediterranean hilly forest landscape.

Figure 35 Existing vegetation along the section
The characteristic plant community is Coccifero-Carpinetum orientalis which implies dominance
of Carpinus orientalis. However, in the degraded zones Kermes oak is the dominant species

51

and it is characterized by pseudomaquis. The current dominance of Kermes oak over the
Carpinus orientalis is a secondary characteristic, created because of the anthropogenic
influence in the last period. People exploited deciduous trees (such as Carpinus orientalis, ash,
and white oak), resulting in an increased abundance of evergreen species, especially the
Kermes oak, Greek juniper and Phillyrea media.
Along the section is an agricultural land, including land under crops, vineyards, greenhouse
complexes, as well as meadows and fallows (uncultivated land).

Figure 36 Cultivated land
This area is rich with reptiles, but most common species are lizards and snakes (Coluber
caspius, Elaphe quatourlineata etc.). The most common amphibian is toad frog (Bufo viridis).
Also, types of orthopters and hemipterans are represented in this area. In this habitat, also the
butterflies (Rhopalocera) are present.
Rivers Kovanska and Zuica most of the year are dry and do not have diverse biodiversity.

Figure 37 River Kovanska

52

Figure 38 River Zuica
In the wider environment of the section, forests with natural poplar and willow, including large
solitary trees and shrubs are mainly restricted within the banks of the river Vardar and the
watercourses. Riparian forest is a habitat where numerous singing species are nesting, like
woodpecker, predators Falco subbuteo and Accipiter brevipes, while farther north, in the areas
of the municipalities of Negotino and Veles, there are a residence of Imperial Eagle Aquila
heliacal, and the territories are still preserved for nesting in this habitat.
In the southern part of the examined area, reeds and artificial sand pits can be found. At these
sites, in 2008, a large colony of Riparia riparia was established.
The most natural are the river habitats: areas of sand, gravel and mud, banks which are
exposed during the summer, but flooded in the rainy periods. Some old or temporary river beds
also hold water, and in summer attract many birds. Flat islands in the river offer opportunities for
nesting of common tern (especially Sterna hirundo and Sterna albifrons) and water birds such
as Charadrius dubius (medium Pescara) and Burhinus oedicnemus (Churulin), while the banks
and shallow water areas, offer abundant food conditions for these birds. Also cranes, storks,
cormorans, ducks, gulls and other waterfowl animals, here founds favorable habitat with food for
winter.
Grassland and fallows in the plains (at least in winter) show extraordinary wealth with melodic
species, such as Melanocorypha calandra, Galerida cristata, Miliaria calandra, Carduelis
cannabina and Saxicola torquata. Special guest in the winter in this dwelling, in presence of
bushes and hedges, is the rare species Lanius excubitor.
Because the Vardar valley is an important migration route for many species of birds, they can
be found in the motorway corridor. River Vardar is an important bio-corridor for migrating birds.

53

In Chapter 11, Appendix 3, species which are recorded in the area of the Vardar Valley is
attached, and which are of great importance of protecting and classified according to EU
Directive 409/79 on birds or included in the SPEC category 1 or 2 by BIRDLIFE International.
5.10 Cadastral data in the project scope
In the available documentation needed for the preparation of this document, there are no
cadastral data for the project scope.
The envisaged project activity, extension with reconstruction of the existing carriageway, left
carriageway of the Motorway A1 (E75), Smokvica-Gevgelija, section Smokvica-Prdejci will be
performed in the length of 6.72 km, starting from chainage 1145 km to 1151+073.20+799.61.
5.11 Description of the social environment in the project area
5.11.1 Socio-demographic profile
The Municipality of Gevgelija is located on the south part of Republic of Macedonia which is
bordering the Republic of Greece. Spread on 485 km2, it represents a port through which the
Macedonian section of road and rail traffic of the Pan-European Corridor 10 passes.
The centre of the Municipality of Gevgelija is located in the largest urban settlement, city of
Gevgelija. The city has received this status back in 1886, although in its near vicinity a small
urban settlement existed since ancient times.
After the WWII the population in this municipality is on the rise. The population data from the
last successful Census from 2002 are presented on the following Table.
Table 2 Demographic data of the project area
Project settlements 2002 female
Gevgelija
15685 8150
Negorci
2047 997
Prdejci
514 257
Smokvica
263 126
Municiaplity of Gevgelija
Population
22988 11568
Houseolds
7221
Appartments
9292

Source: State Statistical Offices website
Almost 2/3 (68.2%) of the population in the Municipality lives in the urban settlement (the city of
Gevgelija), while the remaining third of population inhabits the compact rural settlements located
in vicinity of river Vardar, as well as along the Corridors X traffic infrastructure.

54

According to the estimation of population that the State Statistical Office is producing annually
on the 31.12.2011 in the municipality of Gevgelija lived 22907 people, of which 11577 were
female. That is a slight decline in population compared to the last successfully realized Census
in 2002, and those before it. The migration rural-urban is draining the villages remote from the
urban areas, while the youth from Gevgelija migrates to Skopje for a better job opportunity.
Additionally, like in most parts of the country, the birth rate also declines, i.e. there are less new-
borns, imposing the decreasing trend line of population.
The following figure shows the gender composition of population in Municipality of Gevgelija, by
age groups of five years.
Graph 1 Gender constitution of the population in Municipality of Gevgelija

It is obvious that the decrease of the population in the municipality will initiate other social issues
and consequences. The most evident shall be those consequences in Education, whereas the
number of pupils is expected continuously to decline. The following table indicates the current
situation with pupils in the Municipality of Gevgelija.


55

Table 3 Number of pupils in Municipality of Gevgelija for 2011/12 school year
Gevgelija
2011/2012
total
students
female
Primary Schools 1074 518
High Schools 1897 946

5.11.2 Socio-economic profile
The rural settlements in the Project area have easy and quick access to the city of Gevgelija
which is used on a daily basis for economic communication with the city. Some of the rural
residents found their livelihood within the urban community.
The unemployment figures in the Municipality ranges 22-25% which is very low compared to the
national figures that ranges ca.31% of the total available workforce. But, disproportional is the
unemployment in the rural settlements of the municipality which ranges 37-40% of all
unemployed. This figure, on the national level is 32% of the total number of all unemployed. In
other words, the figures of unemployed that live in rural areas are higher than average national
figures.
Table 4 Unemployment in Gevgelija
Gevgelija total rural
rural
participation
31.12.2012 2765 1029 37,22%
31.12.2011 3028 1180 38,97%
31.12.2010 3414 1388 40,66%
31.12.2009 3725 1412 37,91%
31.12.2008 3459 1343 38,83%

Source: Website of Employment Agency of RM
The employed people are working mainly in service and food processing industries. Food
processing enterprises that conserve fruit and vegetable are active for decades. They export
their goods to domestic and foreign markets. Significant surface area is under hothouses, while
distribution and purchasing centres used for food processing often serve also for gross buy out
of the agricultural products and its export to foreign markets. The production of wine, winter
supplies (by traditional recipes), fruit juices, jam and other sweet deserts, as well as other food
products is realized in enterprises such: Vori, Diem-GP, VINOJUG, Rigo Impex, Kopanov,
Pascalin Company, Zora Sped, Pajdakov, Altra, Zhito Prom, Vipro etc.
The other production capacities located in the Municipality of Gevgelija are Konti Hidroplast,
Hartplast, Interkonstraksn, Tehnoplast, Gemma Plast - KM and 7th November (production of
plastic products), Mansard (production of construction materials), Dimbafens (fences), several
textile plants and other.

56

In the moment, the Municipality of Gevgelija is investing the Technological and Industrial
Development Zone.
Municipal Gevgelija currently is preparing the Technological Industrial Development Zone,
which is located in the project area, next to the motorway and village, Prdejci, on area of about
90 ha.
The dominant activities in the municipality are service activities. Accurate image of the activities
in which population of the municipality of Gevgelija realize its labour is given in the following
table where the number of active enterprises, by sector of activity, as of 31.12.2011 is stated.
Almost quarter of all active enterprises in the municipality carry out some kind of production
(agricultural, mechanical, etc.). Nearly one-third of all active enterprises carry out completely
commercial activities, while one in eight, belong to the transport sector. The last quarter of
companies active in the field of services include tourist facilities, civil, administrative and
communal services.
Table 5 Active enterprises in the Municipality of Gevgelija, by sector of activity
Municipality of Gevgelija (31.12.2011)
Total 1212
Agriculture, f orestry and f ishing 78
Mining and quarrying 0
Manuf acturing 177
Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply 1
Water supply, sewerage, waste management and remediation
activities
3
Construction 40
Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles 419
Transportation and storage 162
Accommodation and f ood service activities 9
Inf ormation and communication 8
Financial and insurance activities 4
Real estate activities 11
Prof essional, scientif ic and technical activities 76
Administrative and support service activities 8
Public administration and def ence; compulsory social security 4
Education 17
Human health and social work activities 46
Arts, entertainment and recreation 18
Other service activities 48
Activities of households as employers 0
Activities of extraterritorial organisations and bodies 0


57

Micro enterprises represent less than 60% of the total number of active legal business entities,
while about 40% are small enterprises. Medium and large represent enterprises are ca. 1% of
the Total number of all active enterprises (1212) in Gevgelija.
The favourable geographic and climatic conditions in the municipality allow increased
agricultural activity, while irrigation of the agricultural land is properly regulated on municipal and
micro level-among the users of the service. The last Census of Agriculture in 2007 shows that in
Gevgelija there are 2637 individual agricultural holdings that perform irrigation on total of 1590
(ha) used agricultural area, i.e. 92% of the total number of individual agricultural holdings, which
counts 2874 individual agricultural holdings.
The following table shows basic statistical condition of the agricultural activities in Municipality of
Gevgelija, in 2007.
Table 6 Agricultural statistics in the Municipality of Gevgelija
Number of individual
agricultural holdings:
2874 2480 Total area of utilised agricultural land
Industrial crops 10 2339 Utilised agricultural land, total
Cereals 1311 1499 Arable land, gardens and kitchen gardens
Fodder crops 468 37 Meadows
Vegetables 1333 42 Pastures
Flowers and decorative plants 112 144 Orchards
Orchards 299 617 Vineyards
Vineyards 1696 (ha)

Of these 2874 individual farm work 7004 people which is 30% of the total population of the
municipality. Compared with national terms, this percentage is higher because the national rate
of population active in agricultural activities is 23%. This feature outlines the municipality as
significant agricultural, i.e. agricultural activities have a stake in the source of livelihood. Most of
the active members of the individual agricultural holdings are occupied with cultivation of crops
and plantations (73%), while 1.2% of active members reared animals. The combined method of
engagement of members of individual agricultural holdings (growing crops and livestock) covers
23% of the agricultural labour force. Only 2.7% of the population that works on individual
agricultural holdings work only for other people.
5.11.3 Urban profile
The villages in the project area, Prdejci and Smokvica, are urbanized with all necessary
infrastructures utility: water, electricity, telephone and road network that is in quite utilized
condition.
Prdejcis sewerage network is in process of construction, while Smokvicas Project for sewerage
system is in process of creation.

58

At about 500 meters from the overpass near Prdejci, in direction towards Skopje, built under the
motorway passes pipeline that is part of the irrigation system South Vardar Valley. At about 50
m from the same bridge, but in the opposite direction, under the motorway is built oil pipeline
Thessaloniki-Skopje. Water infrastructure 150 under the motorway passes the approximate
distance of about 250 m from the overpass at Prdejci in direction towards Skopje.
5.11.4 Socio-cultural profile
The ethnic composition in Gevgelija is almost homogeneous, i.e. as Macedonians in the last
census (2002) are reported as 97% of the total population, while only 1.6% and 0.93% are
reported as Serbs, Vlachs and almost all are of Christian Orthodox confession.
The long period of population in these areas can be recognized in the archaeological site
Vardarski rid (Vardars Hill), and Lower-Vardars necropolis from the Iron Age. At these
locations, in many colours and varieties, are found archaeological objects and structures which
only reveal the cultural dynamics of the community. These testimonies of artistic, spiritual and
casual life of the settlement Vardarski Rid, as well as other five areas are displayed in the
permanent exhibition at the National Archaeological Museum in Gevgelija.
As important cultural events in the community Gevgelija can be considered the following events:
Children's Music Festival "Kalinka", International Art Colony "Apolonia" and other local cultural
events.


59

6 ENVIROMENTAL IMPACT ASSESMENT
The analysis of the impacts on the environment take into account any potential change, positive
or negative, on the biological, physicochemical and socio-economic aspects of the environment
(including health aspects of the population living and working in the project area), which may
result from the realization of the Project. The level of change determines the significance of a
change, which is assessed in terms of spatial extent, duration, probability and intensity. The
overall assessment mainly addresses changes that are considered significant.
The Environmental Protection Report presents details of the Projects potential impacts and
effects on the main receptors.
Quantitative assessment of significance is made where possible, with comparison made to
appropriate criteria. Where quantitative assessment of significance cannot be made, uncertainty
is reduced through assessment based on pre-defined qualitative criteria. This involves an
assessment of the importance or sensitivity of receptors in relation to the intensity anticipated
impact.
Assessment Process
During the assessment process for each medium and topic common framework comprising the
following steps:
collection of the baseline environmental data by research and survey;
consultation with the relevant stakeholders to identify key concerns and to obtain further
data where necessary;
identification of the resources and receptors;
prediction of the impacts;
evaluation of the intensity;
identification of the mitigation measures.


60

6.1 Emission
6.1.1 Air emissions
6.1.1.1 Construction phase
Project activities related to extension and rehabilitation of the original lane Smokvica-Prdejci
include a range of activities that are sources of air pollution and generally will arise from:
Cleaning of the existent vegetation along the construction site;
Remove the top layer of the asphalt;
Demolition of the existing structures (bridges, overpass, fences, etc.);
Construction activities for the new route, which include applying crushed stone layer and
asphalt;
Handling with material and waste;
Transport of materials and waste;
Erosion of materials caused by wind;
Labour camps etc.
Also the activities that will take place at the excavations site, asphalt base, waste disposal site
will be a source of emissions, but at this stage of preparation of project documentation, where
they will be located is not defined, for this reason emissions from these sources are not under
consideration in this Report.
Planned construction activities related to application of asphalt layers and use of vehicles and
other transport machinery will be sources of dust emissions, VOCs (Volatile Organic
Compounds),
,
SO
2
, etc.
Dust emission
During the construction phase the typical dust emission sources are activities related to site
preparation and removal of the vegetation, removal of the asphalt, demolition of the existing
objects, material handling, temporary waste disposal, movement of vehicles and equipment,
construction of new objects etc.
In the period when the existing object will be demolished, significant dust emissions are
expected.
The total amount of dust generated by the activity at this stage of preparation of the Report is
difficult to be estimated, as a result of lack of data in the Project documentation.
The amount of generated dust emissions will depend on applied measures, characteristics of
machinery and route of movement, period and duration of construction activities, meteorological
conditions and location where they will be performed.

61

Emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOC)
During applying the asphalt layer and as a result of combustion of fuel in the equipment and
machinery, emissions of volatile organic compounds (Volatile Organic Compounds-VOC) will be
generated. The amount of generated emissions of volatile organic compounds will depend on
the amount of used asphalt, usage of materials that contain volatile substances and type and
amount of used fuel.
Emissions of exhausted gases
Exhaust gases (CO, CO
2
, PM, NO
x
, VOC, SO
x
and heavy metals) in ambient air will be emitted
by internal combustion engines of construction machinery and transport vehicles involved in
construction work.
The rate of emissions depends on the number of used vehicles, strength of internal combustion
engines, quantity and quality of the fuel, engines condition, movement frequency, number of
working days and so on.
In order to determine the concentration of suspended particulate matter PM and CO
2
in ambient
air, as a basic condition before starting the planned project activities, for the purposes of this
Report, measurements were carried out on the most sensitive locations along the motorway
route (near the villages Prdejci and Smokvica).
The measurments was conducted with instruments DustTrak DRX (dust) and S (CO
2)
in
May 2013. The result of this measurements should be a base of data during conduction a
monitoring of the air quality for making comparison between the quality of the air in the baseline
condition and construction and operational phase of the project, i.e. whether and how much the
motorway solution will be participated in the air quality, along the route, which is under
consideration. The points of conducted measurements and the results obtained from the
measurements points are presented in the following figures:

62

Figure 39 Measurement points at villages Prdejci and Smokvica

Figure 40 Measurement point at village Smokvica Figure 41 Measurement point at village Prdejci
The following table shows measured concentrations of CO
2
and dust (PM):
Table 7 Measured concentration of CO
2
in ambient air
Measurement
point
Concentration of CO2 in ambient air Unit mg/m
3

Prdejci 537,3 mg/m
3

Smokvica 528,75 mg/m
3


63

Table 8 Measured concentration of dust (PM) in ambient air at measurement point at village Prdejci

PM1 PM2.5 RESP PM10 TOTAL
Avg 0.010 mg/m
3
0.010 mg/m
3
0.011 mg/m
3
0.017 mg/m
3
0.027 mg/m
3

Max 0.228 mg/m
3
0.228 mg/m
3
0.229 mg/m
3
0.356 mg/m
3
0.951 mg/m
3

Max Date 05/30/2013 05/30/2013 05/30/2013 05/30/2013 05/30/2013
Max Time 14:12:35 14:12:35 14:12:35 14:31:13 14:31:13
Min 0.000 mg/m
3
0.000 mg/m
3
0.000 mg/m
3
0.001 mg/m
3
0.001 mg/m
3

Min Date 05/30/2013 05/30/2013 05/30/2013 05/30/2013 05/30/2013
Min Time 14:30:25 14:30:52 14:30:52 14:30:25 14:30:25
TWA (8 hr) 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.002
TWA Start Date 05/30/2013 05/30/2013 05/30/2013 05/30/2013 05/30/2013
TWA Start Time 14:02:21 14:02:21 14:02:21 14:02:21 14:02:21
TWA End Time 14:32:21 14:32:21 14:32:21 14:32:21 14:32:21

Graph 2 Measured concentration of dust in ambient air at measurement point at village Prdejci


64

Table 9 Measured dust (PM) concentration in ambient air at measurement point at village Smokvica
Statistics
PM1 PM2.5 RESP PM10 TOTAL
Avg 0.007 mg/m
3
0.008 mg/m
3
0.008 mg/m
3
0.011 mg/m
3
0.014 mg/m
3

Max 0.465 mg/m
3
0.466 mg/m
3
0.468 mg/m
3
0.471 mg/m
3
0.487 mg/m
3

Max Date 05/30/2013 05/30/2013 05/30/2013 05/30/2013 05/30/2013
Max Time 14:55:50 14:55:50 14:55:50 14:55:50 14:55:50
Min 0.000 mg/m
3
0.000 mg/m
3
0.000 mg/m
3
0.000 mg/m
3
0.000 mg/m
3

Min Date 05/30/2013 05/30/2013 05/30/2013 05/30/2013 05/30/2013
Min Time 15:14:53 15:14:53 15:14:53 15:14:53 15:14:53
TWA (8 hr) 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.001 0.001
TWA Start Date 05/30/2013 05/30/2013 05/30/2013 05/30/2013 05/30/2013
TWA Start Time 14:46:16 14:46:16 14:46:16 14:46:16 14:46:16
TWA End Time 15:16:16 15:16:16 15:16:16 15:16:16 15:16:16
Graph 3 Measured concentration of dust (PM) in ambient at measurement point at village Smokvica

Conclusion: On the base of the performed measurements can be concluded that although the
measurement points are located on the motorway and near populated areas, the values of PM
10

65

in ambient air are within the maximum allowable concentrations for a period 24 hours (50
g/m3), in accordance with the Regulation on limit values for levels and types of pollutants in
ambient air and alert thresholds, terms of achieving the limit values, margins of tolerance limit
value, target values and long-term purposes (Official Gazette of the Republic of Macedonia" no.
55/05).
In the above mentioned Decree there are no maximum allowable concentrations for emissions
of CO
2
.
Applying the asphalt on the route will generate odor.
Impacts of air emissions
As a result of planned activities from which arising the above air emissions, disruption of air
quality in the project area and its immediate surroundings are expected.
Along the motorway route where the construction activities which will be performed, as a
sensitive receptors that may be affected by polluted air are: local inhabitancies, especially in
populated areas Prdejci and Smokvica, as closest villages, users of the motorway (travellers)
and the local roads, construction workers, farmers, agricultural land and plantations.
The potential impacts by the polluted air are associated with respirable inconvenience and
irritation in humans, visual disturbance (dust clouds), deposition of dust near the site in the form
of sediment, vegetation cover with dust and reduce the process of photosynthesis and etc.
Application of asphalt will generate odour which may cause nuisance to local residents,
construction workers and passengers.
Based on the anticipated activities and sensitive receptors impacts on air quality are assessed
as possible adverse, direct and indirect, cumulative, which may occur immediately and
reversible. Depending on the scope of action of the effects, they are assessed with local
occurrence and certain, but on the terms of duration as short. In terms of intensity they are
estimated with medium to high intensity. Also the impacts are assessed as residual, i.e. despite
the application of measures to reduce emissions there is a great possibility still to remain.
6.1.1.2 Operational phase
As a result of the existing route of the motorway, where for decades intensive traffic has been
conducting, which contributes to disruption of the air quality along the section, with the newly
activities additional impacts on the air quality are not expect.
6.2 Emissions on water and sewer
6.2.1 Construction phase
The performance of the planned construction activities includes a range of activities which are
potential sources of emissions that can affect the water.

66

Impaired water quality will come from increased concentration of suspended solids and other
pollutants that will come from clearing of the terrain and vegetation, construction activities,
handling and disposal of construction materials and waste near water bodies, unwanted spills of
fuels, oils, concrete, asphalt or direct discharge of water used for washout of the equipment
(concrete mixer), improper management of sanitary waste water generated by workers, etc.
Water pollution can occur in case of accidents and emergencies.
Pollution of water bodies may be directly or indirectly, by the transfer of pollutants through
contaminated soil or groundwater.
Impacts on water
Along the motorway route, where will be perform construction activities, such sensitive receptors
that may be affected by the project activities and disturbed water quality are: River Zuica,
Kovanska River, storm water, river Vardar as a recipient of the waters of these two rivers,
surrounding land and riparian and aquatic flora and fauna.
During the construction of the bridges on the rivers Zuica and Kovanska, some water retention
could occur if the piers are constructed within the stream bed. An indirect effect would be the
accumulation of sediments and larger objects upstream behind the piers, thus causing changes
in the stream flow and sedimentation patterns.
The intensity of the impact depends on the number and size of the piers inside the water bed
(more and wider piers have the greater water retention potential). Taking into account that piers
of modern bridges are narrow, usually they are not built in the stream bed, and that the effects
are limited to a small area behind the pier, the impact of bridges on the alteration of the water
flow is estimated to be low.
Construction activities may result in a change of the existing drainage network, as a result of
preventing or diverting water flows during demolition and construction of the planned structures,
bridges and underpass.
During the construction phase, it may come to disruption of water quality in rivers and storm
water from the project area as a result of the construction activities, especially activities that will
be performed directly in the river bed on the River Zuica and Kovanska River.
Releasing significant amounts of the sediment into water bodies directly or by means of storm
water, can lead to changes in the water flow and to affect plant and animal component in the
water and around them as well.
Pollutants that may be generated from the above sources can be introduced into surface and
groundwater and cause a direct impact on the physical and chemical characteristics of the water
and indirectly on organisms living in the water.
All the above mentioned activities can cause certain impacts on the water in environment in the
project.

67

During performance of the construction work in the case of negligence may occur damages of
the existing infrastructure networks (networks for water supply, irrigation, sewerage network, oil
pipeline), which can cause accidental conditions and disturbances of the quality of the surface
water, groundwater and soil.
Impacts on water from project activities are assessed as negative, direct and indirect,
cumulative, which may occur immediately or after a certain period with irreversible and
reversible effect. Depending on the scope of action of the effects, they are assessed with local
occurrence, with certain possibility of occurrence and with short to long duration. In terms of
intensity they are assessed with small to medium intensity. Also impacts are assessed as
residual, i.e. despite the application of measures to reduce emission there is a great possibility
still to remain.
In the operational phase of the motorway the sources of emission in the water are the same as
in the previous operation of the motorway.
Impacts on water
With construction of the new roadway lane will be reduced the green area, which has
represented the area for drainage of storm water, and will increase waterproof area covered by
asphalt, which will contribute to increasing the quantities of storm water to be drained from the
road. If the drainage structures are not performed properly or they are not maintained it can lead
to flooding or to cause erosion
10
.
Overburdening of the channels and culverts with waste, silt and vegetation can raise
development of undesirable microorganisms, water pollution and spread of odour. Blocking with
vegetation and other waste will reduce or block penetration potential of the culverts and cause
overflow or flooding.
Also at the newly built bridges there is a possibility to appear puddle, in case of insufficient
performed drainage network.
Impacts on water in the operational phase are assessed as negative, direct, cumulative, which
may occur immediately or after a certain period and reversible. Depending on the scope of
action of the effects, they are assessed with local occurrence and with long terms duration. In
terms of intensity they are assessed with small to medium intensity. At this stage the residual
effects are not expected.

10
In consultation with the local residents it is indicated that as a result of improper drainage of the storm water at Prdejci -Smokvica
appears flooding of the the road that is a common cause for accidents and erosion.

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6.3 Waste generation
The planned activity for extending and rehabilitation of the original lane will result with
generation the following types of waste: hazardous, non-hazardous, inert and biodegradable
waste.
Some waste fractions can be classified as hazardous waste in accordance with the Directive
91/689/EEC and Decision 94/904/EEC. Certain substances can be defined as an inert or
relatively non-hazardous waste on-site, but they can become dangerous depending on manner
of treatment or disposal.
The next table shows expected waste types during the phase of construction in accordance with
the List of wastes (Official Gazette of RM no. 100/05).
Table 10 List of wastes
No. Type of waste Number
from List
of wastes
Quantity of waste
per year in tons
or litre
Method of treatment of
waste (processing,
storage, transfer,
disposal, etc.)

Name of legal entity
dial with the waste and
sites where the waste
is disposed (landfill)

1 17 Construction and demolition wastes
Concrete, bricks, tiles and
ceramics
17 01
Concrete 17 01 01 Not defined in this
phase
Not defined in this phase Not defined in this phase
Bricks 17 01 02 -//- -//- -//-
Tiles and ceramics 17 01 03 -//- -//- -//-
Mixtures of, or separate
fractions of concrete, bricks,
tiles and ceramics
containing
dangerous substances
17 01 06* -//- -//- -//-
Mixture of concrete, bricks,
tiles and ceramics other
than those mentioned in 17
01 06
17 01 07 -//- -//- -//-
Wood, glass and plastic 17 02
Wood 17 02 01 -//- -//- -//-
Glass 17 02 02 -//- -//- -//-
Plastic 17 02 03 -//- -//- -//-
Glass, plastic and wood
containing or contaminated
17 02 04* -//- -//- -//-

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from List
of wastes
Quantity of waste
per year in tons
or litre
waste (processing,
storage, transfer,
disposal, etc.)


with dangerous substances
Bituminous mixtures, coal
tar and tarred products
17 03
Bituminous mixtures
containing coal tar
17 03 01* -//- -//- -//-
Bituminous mixtures
containing other than those
mentioned in 17 03 01
17 03 02 -//- -//- -//-
Coal tar and tarred products 17 03 03* -//- -//- -//-
Insulation materials and
asbestos-containing
construction materials
17 06* -//- -//- -//-
Metals (including their
alloys)
17 04 -//- -//- -//-
Soil (including excavated
soil from contaminated
sites), stones and
dredging spoil
17 05

Soil and stones containing
17 05 03* -//- -//- -//-
Soil and stones other than
those mentioned in 17 05 03
17 05 04 -//- -//- -//-
Dredging spoil containing
17 05 05* -//- -//- -//-
Dredging spoil other than
those mentioned 17 05 05
17 05 06 -//- -//- -//-
Track ballast containing
17 05 07* -//- -//- -//-
Track ballast other than
those mentioned in 17 05 07
17 05 08 -//- -//- -//-
Insulation materials and
asbestos-containing
construction material
17 06 -//- -//- -//-
Gypsum-based
construction material
17 08 -//- -//- -//-
Other construction and
demolition waste
17 09 -//- -//- -//-
2 12 Wastes from shaping and physical and mechanical surface, treatment of metals and plastics
Welding wastes 12 01 13 -//- -//- -//-

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from List
of wastes
Quantity of waste
per year in tons
or litre
waste (processing,
storage, transfer,
disposal, etc.)


3 13 Waste oils and liquid fuels
Waste hydraulic oils 13 01 -//- -//- -//-
Waste engine, gear and
lubricating oils
13 02 -//- -//- -//-
Wastes of liquid fuels 13 07 -//- -//- -//-
4 15-Waste packaging; absorbents, wiping cloths, filter materials and protective clothing not otherwise specified
Packaging (including
separately collected
municipal packaging
waste)
15 01 -//- -//- -//-
Absorbents, filter
materials, wiping cloths
and protective clothing
15 02 -//- -//- -//-
5 20-Municipal wastes (household waste and similar commercial, industrial and institutional wastes) including
separately collected fractions
Separately collected
fractions (except 15 01)
20 01 -//- -//- -//-
Garden and park wastes 20 02 -//- -//- -//-
Impacts of waste
Inadequate management and handling with the generated waste can cause significant impacts
on the water, soil, biodiversity, people, etc.
Great amount of inert material, which will be dug and temporarily postpone on the project
location will cause a change of scenery.
Impacts that may be caused by the waste are assessed as negative, direct and indirect,
cumulative, which may occur immediately or after a certain period, with reversible or irreversible
effect. Depending on the scope of action of the effects, they are assessed with local occurrence,
and in terms of duration as short to long term. In terms of intensity they are assessed with small
to medium intensity. With implementation of the measures the residual effects are not expected.
6.3.2 Operational phase
With the newly project activities or by extending the road with an additional line in the
operational phase of the motorway will increase the amount of waste that will be generated as a
result of regular maintenance or reconstruction of the road. The amount of generated waste can
not be determined at this stage, neither the intensity of the impact.

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6.4 Emission on soil
The performance of planned construction activities includes a range of activities that are
potential sources of emissions that can affect the soil. Sources of emissions that can disturb the
quality of soil are emissions of waste water, waste, emissions generated by inadequate
materials handling, unwanted spills, air emissions retained as sediment, etc.
The pollution of soil can be directly or indirectly, with transfer of pollutants through contaminated
water.
Impacts on soil
Construction activities can disrupt the geological characteristics of the soil, as a result of the
performance of heavy construction activities (demolition of buildings and building new ones,
using heavy machinery and vehicles, transportation of materials, delay surplus excavated
material, construction waste (debris) etc.), whereby it can lead to soil compaction, and
disruption of the natural quality and reduce its fertility.
Activities for clearing and construction can result in loss of soil through erosion caused by water
or wind.
Implementation of the project activities can cause soil pollution in case of improper wastewater
management, waste, unwanted leaks, material handling etc., as well as in the case of accidents
and emergencies.
Pollution of the soil can affect water bodies in the project area (surface and groundwater) and
the surrounding fertile land.
It should be taken into consideration that the construction work will take place in the green belt
between the two pavements, not to usurp fertile agricultural land, which reduces the potential for
significant impacts on surrounding soils (except in case of accidents and emergencies).
The impacts on soil are assessed as possible adverse, direct and indirect, cumulative, which
may occur immediately or after a certain period, with reversible or irreversible effect. Depending
on the scope of action of the effects, they are assessed as local occurrence, and in terms of
duration as short to long term. In terms of intensity they are evaluated with small to medium
intensity. With implementation of the measures the residual effects are not expected.
With the newly project activities additional effects on the soil quality in the operational phase of
the motorway are not expected.

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6.5 Noise, vibration and non-ionizing radiation
6.5.1 Noise
During performance of the construction activities will be used different type of machines and
equipments that will generate noise as a result of performance of construction activities,
transportation of construction material and waste, transport of workers etc.
The intensity of generated noise will depend on the type of vehicles and equipment, their
maintenance, location where the equipment will be placed during the work, number of
equipment to be used in one place at the same time and distance of the places from sensitive
receptors.
A list of machines that are commonly used in the construction of motorway and the noise levels
at reference distance of 15 m from the source is shown in the next table. Values in the table are
based on data from references
11
.
Table 11 Noise levels from construction equipment
Noise during construction Level of noise (dB) 15 m from
the source
Source of noise during
construction
Level of noise (dB) 15m from
the source
Compressor 81 Drill (impact) 101
Digger 80 Drill (sonic) 96
Compactor 82 Generator 81
Concrete mixing 85 Rock drill 98
Pump for concrete 82 Roller 74
Vibrator for concrete 76 Saw 76
Crane 88 Shaking machine 83
Mobile crane 83 Scrap machine 89
Bulldozer 85 Shovel 82
Pneumatic gun 85 Track loader 85
Pneumatic drill 88 Track 88
Pneumatic toll 85 Pump 76
Because the different equipment will be used in various stages of construction period, USEPA
suggests the following values in stages:
Table 12 Noise levels from the construction site (15 m from the source)
Construction phase Noise with all equipment Noise with minimum equipment
Cleaning of the project area 84 84

11
Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment, FTA-VA-90-1003-06, May, 2006 [2] Railroad Noise Emission Standards, US EPA
http://www.nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPURL.cgi?Dockey=20016M33.txt

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Excavation 89 79
Construction 87 75
Final performances 89 75
Where:
L
eq
(ref)-Equivalent noise of level on the reference distance from the source
D
ref-
Reference distance from the noise source
D-Distance from the source
G-Factor on the ground
Taking into account the higher values of previous table and ignoring the field factor, the worst
case scenario of noise propagation around construction sites has been set up according to
which the next diagram has been constructed:

Figure 42 Intensity of the noise reduction according to the distance from the source
According to the figure above can be concluded that noise level at a distance of 100 m of the
source is approximately 73 dB(A), while at distant of 400 m is within the limits below 60 dB(A) in
the active period. Approximately distance of the inhabited place to the alignment is present in
the following table.
Table 13 Distance of the inhabited place from source of noise
Location Approximate distance
from inhabited place to the alignment (m)
Smokvica Next to the motoway (activities will be conducted at the distance of 400-500 m from
the settlements)
Prdejci Next to the motoway (distance of house buildings at least 100 m)
Noise levels generated by the construction phase of the project are predicted to be above the
National limit values at most sensitive receivers in the surrounding area. Most of the work will be
performed outside of populated areas with no sensitive receptors, but in close vicinity of some
inhabited places.
The planned project activities will be carried out in the existing motoway, where has already
conducted traffic in two roadway. There is no previous data on the noise level in the

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environment along the motoway. In order to be determined the level of noise at locations where
the future project activities will be performed, one-time measurements of the noise level of the
most sensitive locations are carried out (May 2013), using a device Extech. Measurements refer
to the day period (07-19 h). The results of the measurements are presented in the following
table.
Table 14 Equivalent noise levels and maximum values measured at village Prdejci and near village
Smokvica
Close to chainage Description of the site of measurement LAeq
dB(A)
1151+306.5 Village Prdejci 73.0
1144+280 Village Smokvica 70.7

Figure 43 Measurement points of noise levels at Prdejci and Smokvica
The project area belongs to the area of III degree of protection against noise, in accordance with
the Rules of the locations of the measurement stations and mesuring stations (Official Gazette"
no. 120/08).
The noise level in the environment, in accordance with Article 3 of the Regulation on limit values
of noise level in the environment (Official Gazette" no. 147/08), the area of the third degree, the
limit values for the basic indicators noise in the environment caused by various sources should
not be higher than:
Ld-60 dB(A) Le-60 dB(A) Ln-55 dB(A)

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According to Article 6 of the Regulation on limit values of noise level in the environment, in
areas outside of urban locations for areas exposed to intense road traffic limits are:
Ld-60 dB(A) Le-55 dB(A) Ln-50 dB(A)
Based on the measured values of noise can be concluded that the noise level of the
measurement locations exceed the maximum limits, defined in the sub law framework.
Impacts of increased levels of noise
The performance of construction activities will contribute to increase the existing level of noise.
The most exposed receptors to increased noise levels will be residents from nearby villages
along the motorway: village Smokvica and village Prdejci and existing fauna in the project area.
Noise affects nervous and hormonal systems, which can increase the risk of cardiovascular
disease and damage to cognitive function.
The impacts of the noise in the construction phase are assessed as negative, direct, cumulative,
which may occur immediately and reversible. Depending on the scope of action of the effects,
they are assessed with local occurrence and certain option for appearance, and in terms of
duration as short. In terms of intensity they are assessed with medium to high intensity. Also
impacts are assessed as residual, i.e. beside implemented measures to reduce emissions there
is a possibility to occur.
The motorway has already existed for decades and it is a source of increased noise level in the
environment. The construction of the new line will increased the noise levels that may occur
during periods of peak (when simultaneously in the three line will move vehicles), but on the
other hand with the reconstruction of the road and the possibility to reduce noise from the
source, it gives great probability the existing noise levels to be reduced. Also newly built line in
the future will be used for rapid movement of the vehicles, so the line that is closer to the
settlements will be less loaded, or the distance of 4-8 m from the source will increase that will
contributes to reducing the level of noise.
The impact of noise during the operational phase, compared with the existing condition is
evaluated as positive impact.
6.5.2 Vibration
6.5.2.1 Construction and operational phase
In the constructive phase will be appeared seismic effects as a result of construction activities
and means of transport.

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In the construction phase vibrations will be with greatest effect because the ground is uneven
and construction machinery are very weighs and will cause vibration. In the operational phase
the movement of heavy goods vehicles causing vibrations.
Impacts caused by vibration
Effects of vibration generated during the construction of the route and the time of its use,
especially are important near inhabited areas (for risk group of people-receptors). No fewer
impacts from vibration have sensitive and specific animal life forms, which can leave their
houses.
Effects of vibration can be assessed as negative, direct, cumulative, which may occur
immediately and reversible. Depending on the scope of action the impacts are assessed with
local occurrence and with possibility of occurrence, and in terms of duration as long. In terms of
intensity they are assessed with small intensity.
6.5.1 Non-ionizing radiation
As a result of the planned project activities the ionizing radiation is not expected.
6.6 Biodiversity (flora, fauna and habitats)
The planned project activities for rehabilitation and expansion of the route can result in distortion
of the structure and function of wild species and their habitats. Emissions to water, air and soil
may endanger biodiversity.
Impacts on the biodiversity
The performance of the construction activities may cause a change in the types of habitats, loss
of nesting sites and other habitats, through removal of the bushy, disruption of watercourses,
creating barriers that will impede animals movement, visual disorders, anxiety disorders and
hearing as result of increased levels of noise and vibration, etc.
In addition, deposition and possible erosion that may occur during construction activities and run
off during construction activities for reconstruction of bridges on the rivers Zuica and Kovanska
can lead to disruption of river ecosystems, water and riverbed to be contaminated by improper
handling of waste and as a result of spills of hazardous substances in incidental conditions,
increased concentration of suspended solids as a result of construction activities, etc.
As was described in the chapter on biodiversity, it is estimated that species and habitats, along
the motorway, have no high conservation value, hence, it can be assumed that there is no need
for specific assessment of sensitivity. Also river ecosystem of rivers Kovanska and Zuica are not
sensitive ecosystems due to the fact that large parts of the year are dry.

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The construction activities may constitute an obstacle to the movement of fauna species present
in the vicinity of the route.
Workers involved in the project activities can hunt animals near construction sites.
The construction activities adversely will affect the breeding and migrating birds. Also,
construction activities can have an impact on nesting and resting populations of birds.
Impacts on the biodiversity are assessed as negative, direct and indirect, which may occur
immediately or after a certain period, cumulative, reversible or irreversible effect. Depending on
the scope of action of the effects, they are assessed with local occurrence and certain possibility
for appearance, and in terms of duration as short to long term. In terms of intensity they are
evaluated with small intensity. With implementation proper measures the residual effects are not
expected.
With the newly project activities additional impacts on biodiversity are not expected.
6.7 Socio-demographic impacts
6.7.1 Land Acquisition
Physical limited activities of the project does not provide activities that will lead to changes
directly related to the settlement, which would change the way of life of the local population, and
thus to create significant demographic changes and impacts.
This project does not anticipate impact on land or privately owned buildings. This project aims to
expand the road direction which has 2 lanes instead of 3. The expansion will take place only in
the inner part between the two travel directions, which means it would not acquire land from
citizens, legal entities or the State.
6.7.2 People and Livestock Health and Safety Impact
Construction activities associated with this project will result in a temporary disruption of normal
lifestyle of the local population through:
a) Increased noise and vibration
Construction activities include increased noise levels which can disturb normal life in the project
area, having in mind the distance of the villages from the project location. The use of heavy
machinery in the decommissioning of the underpass and the bridges, as well as the use of
machinery for construction of new facilities during the construction phase, will produce
additional noise and vibration that can be felt in local neighbourhoods and will disrupt the
established daily life, creating thus, a higher level of anxiety.

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This impact can be assessed as negative that directly arises from project activities and it will
appear with beginning of the construction activities. It is likely to occur and would be temporary,
with short-term and local range. Its intensity will be small and mitigation measures are required.
b) Increased number of traffic accidents
The reduced flow of regular traffic due to construction activities, as well as additional presence
of heavy machinery that will transport materials/ ebris, will create conditions to potential
increase of the number of accidents at the projects site. Therefore the Contractor, before
beginning of any construction activity, must create Plan for Traffic Management during
construction activities, make it available to the public and local communities, and regularly
report to the Investor on the progress of the construction activities.
This impact can be characterized as negative, direct, and it will likely to appear with begging of
construction activities. It has short term and local character. Its intensity will be small and
mitigation measures are required.
c) Creation of active construction sites
Construction activities include demolition of bridges and underpass used for passage of
livestock and people to the local fields and pastures. The availability of passage from one to
other side of the motorway may be temporarily restricted or disabled, so either affected parties
will have to seek alternative crossings, or the constructor will have to make adequate passage
that would not obstruct construction activities and endanger the safety of humans and livestock
when passing near the construction sites. Access of people and livestock to the construction
sites could endanger their own health and safety and the health and safety of workers involved
in the construction process. Therefore, mitigation measures must include creation of an
appropriate Plan for Organization of Construction Site, with special attention given to the
protection of construction sites from unauthorized access of people and livestock.
The impact on the health and safety of people and livestock can be assessed as negative,
direct, possible to happen, but with a small intensity. It will be short, of local range and
temporary.
6.8 Socio-economic impacts
6.8.1 Impact on Business and Agricultural Activities
Construction activities associated with this project will result in a temporary disruption of normal
lifestyle of the local population through the following impacts:
Disruption of routine economic activities and economic practices in local businesses or
agricultural activities,

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Hindered access of local people to their jobs or locations of economic activity.
The time for delivery of the products to the final destination will increase which entails increased
financial costs calculated in fuel and depreciation of vehicles transporting goods across the
project area, but also loss of value of agricultural products being transported. Then, the time
required to access to the agricultural farmland will increase, whereas the most affected will be
those who regularly use the motorway for transport to agricultural areas that are at a distance
from their place of residence.
This impact is negative, direct, and appears delayed. It is irreversible, short-term, but will
certainly appear with low intensity, if the mitigation measures are properly followed: well-
organized flow of vehicles through construction sites, as defined in the Plan for Traffic
Management during construction activities, as well as establishing conditions in the contract
with the Contractor for hiring percentage of the required manpower for the construction work on
the project from local settlements along the project area.
The positive socio-economic impacts are expected after the implementation of civil works and
after commissioning of the section that will be reconstructed. The increased speed and safety of
transportation, as well as the immediate vicinity of the planned Technological Industrial
Development Zone Gevgelija and its access to quality infrastructure will induce positive
economic impact on the local community, from the perspective of micro (local communities) and
meso (municipal) level.
6.8.2 Impact on tourism
During the construction phase, there will be an increase in time needed for access to the tourist
destinations which can lead to annoyance for the tourists who pass through the project area.
But, it would not cause serious social impacts.
Improving road infrastructure will bring positive momentum to the tourists passing through the
project area. Due to the proximity of the border with Greece, the project area needs to be
exploited economically with development of location and facilities for rest /stop /refuelling just
after the border. Also, a proper ways needs to be found out how tourists who pass through the
project area to be directed to the local archaeological and accommodation facilities, and the
Project area is a very suitable place for such promotion.

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6.9 Infrastructural impacts
6.9.1 Impact on local residents
Construction activities associated with this project will result in a temporary disruption of
ordinary lifestyle of the local residents, hindering access to their homes due to increased
exploitation of local road by vehicles that use the local road instead of the motorway. The impact
must be mitigated by appropriate measures that can reduce the increased level of anxiety by
the population.
This effect can be characterized as negative, direct and reverse, with low intensity. Mitigation
measures must be implemented in form of meetings with local residents, Investor and
Contractor, whereas the appropriate safety measures, the Plan for traffic management and the
timeline of planned construction activities will be presented.
6.9.2 Impact on local road infrastructure
Construction activities associated with this project will result in a temporary increase in traffic on
local road which can suffer degradation of quality. Local residents can be challenged for this
state, thus it is recommended to implement mitigation measures, especially on those parts
where damages of the local road will be evident. These damages must be repaired promptly, as
soon as they occur.
This impact will be negative, indirect and may occur delayed. The same is local, reversible, and
can be of variable intensity.
6.9.3 Impact on water supply, sewerage system, irrigation system and other
infrastructure objects
Construction activities of this section of the motorway should be implemented in an area where
the irrigation system is widespread on both sides of the motorway. Additionally, the intake
system of fresh water to villages passes under the motorway, so the Contractor must carefully
access to these installations. The Contractor must timely provide the necessary data and
documents from all relevant institutions that have set these installations in order to prevent
incidents that can damage the particular installation causing delay in water supply to fields or
homes and thus causing major economic damage. It is required to be taken into account the
position of the Thessaloniki-Skopje pipeline, which runs adjacent to the route. Possible damage
to the pipeline can cause adverse effects on the media of environment and human health. Any

81

damage caused to the infrastructure the Contractor must fairly compensate, including damages
suffered due to interruption of irrigation.
6.10 Socio-cultural impacts
This project is not expected to create significant socio-cultural impacts since the activities are
concentrated around existing motorway and not spreading spatially. Within the project area is
not registered cultural heritage
12
.
6.10.1 Labour impacts
During construction activities some problems with the health and safety of workers might occur.
Accidents that may cause injury when handling the machinery, dust and fumes can cause
respiratory and eye infections, continuous exposure to noise can lead to deafness etc.
Measures to mitigate these impacts must, above all, follow national regulations. Then,
Occupational Health and Safety Plan, with a strong emphasis on personal protective equipment,
must be fully implemented.

7 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION PROGRAM
To mitigate the identified impacts were proposed measures that should eliminate or mitigate the
impacts. The measures at the same time may change some parts of the project
design/solutions.

12
If it is encounter cultural heritage of any kind it will be handled in accordance with the Law on Protection of Cultural Heritage
(Official Gazette of RM no. 20/04 and 115/07).


82

In order to harmonize the measures, was prepared environmental management program that
will ensure that the proposed mitigation measures are implemented.
The Report includes a monitoring plan to assess the level of project implementation and effects
of the implementation of measures to mitigate the impacts.
7.1 Mitigation measures for impacts on air
The measures which will be undertaken for avoiding or mitigation of the impacts on the air
include:
The Contractor will implement Site Management Plan;
Residents/sensitive receptors will be informed about the construction activities and
working hours;
Water spraying of the area for reducing the emissions of dust;
Water spraying of the roads used for transport of the materials;
Stockpiles will be fenced, covered or stabilize their surfaces in order to prevent the
dispersion by the wind;
During the trucks loading, transfer and unloading of the materials have to has the
smallest dispersion of the material in order to avoid creation of a cloud of dust, and if it
is possible to be set up the system for humidification;
Burning of debris from ground clearance will not be permitted.
Contractor will implement Waste Management Plan and Soil Management Plan.
Implementation of Traffic Management Plan, which will include:
- Stabilize vehicle speeds on unpaved road areas (<20-40 km/h) to minimize wheel
generated dust;
- When travelling off site, the trucks will be covered in order to prevent dispersion of the
dust during the transport;
- Install truck cleaning stations at site exit points to ensure that dust and mud is removed
from vehicle chassis and wheels prior to travelling along the public road network;
- Vehicles and construction machinery will be required to be properly maintained and to
comply with relevant emission standards;
- Construction truck traffic will be optimized so as to get a minimum number of trucks
carrying the maximum volume of materials;
- The truck routes will be planned to avoid peak traffic hours or routes with heavy traffic.

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In order to be determined the air quality in the operational phase along the route, the monitoring
of the ambient air is recommended.
7.2 Mitigation measures for impacts on waters and sewer
With the aim to reduce or avoid impacts on water are recommended the following measures:
Demolition and construction of the bridge on the rivers to be realized in dry season,
during low flow or when the river is dried up;
During construction activities which are carried in the river bed, to minimize the
possibility of entering waste and sediments (muddy water) in the water flow;
The bridges to be designed and constructed in a manner that will ensure minimal
intervention and influence in the waterbed;
If during the excavation has stumble upon contact with groundwater, such sites will be
immediately closed to prevent major changes in the groundwater level and water flow in
the area;
Application of good practices and experiences during designing to be avoid the
occurrence of flooded areas, upstream of the bridges and along the surface of the route,
i.e. to be made assessment whether the existing drainage systems have sufficient
capacity to accept new quantities of storm water;
Control of drainage system and manholes in order to avoid possible floods or accidents
during construction;
Application of the asphalt and concrete to be done in dry periods to prevent leakage of
asphalt or concrete with their washing;
During performance of the construction works is recommended covering of the drainage
systems in order to prevent them from clogging;
Waste water produced in construction camps must not be discharged into watercourses
or channels near the project area. On the areas determined for construction activities will
be set up mobile toilets, which will be properly handled by an authorized company. The
mobile toilets should be placed at a distance more than 100 m from the drainage
infrastructure or surface water flow;
Protection of the river and its coastal vegetation in the project area, without regulation
and removal of the vegetation in order to develop self-purifying power of rivers;

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During designing and implementation of construction activities to be taken into
consideration the existing networks for water supply, waste water collection and irrigation
systems, as well the pipeline and to take appropriate measures for its protection.
It is also recommended implementation of Soil Management Plan, Waste Management Plan,
Hazardous Materials Management Plan and Spill Prevention and Emergency and Response
Plan.
To reduce or avoid impacts on the water in the operational phase are recommended the
following measures:
Channels and ducts should not be covered with waste, sludge and vegetation.
7.3 Mitigation measures for reduce the impact of waste
With aim to mitigate the impacts which can be caused by the generated waste in the
construction phase, it is required before starting with the construction work to be prepared
Waste Management Plan, in which will be highlighted the problems relating to: location and
storage, transportation and disposal of the waste.
Although the project activity refers the existing motorway, where the traffic is progressing and
already is applied measures for waste management, however for integrated environmental
protection is recommended implementation of the following measures:
Preparation of the Waste Management Plans (which among other things should include
locations for placing containers along the route);
Regular cleaning and maintenance of drainage systems;
Signing contracts with companies for waste management along the entire section.
7.4 Mitigation Measures for impacts on soil
For reduction of the impacts on soil the following measures are recommended:
Implementation of good construction practices;
Appropriate strengthening of slopes with geotextiles;
Implementation of measures which will arise from the Soil Management Plan, Hazardous
Materials Management Plan and Spill Prevention, Traffic Management Plan;

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During the designing and implementation of the construction activities to be taken into
consideration the existing networks for water supply, waste water collection and irrigation
systems, as well as pipeline and to take appropriate measures for its protection.
To reduce or avoid possible impacts on the soil in the operational phase, beside existing
measures that are implemented in the existing section, it is recommended regular monitoring of
the flow of storm water, waste management and maintenance of the vegetation.
7.5 Mitigation measures for reduction of the noise, vibration, non - ionizing radiation
To reduce or avoid impacts from increased noise level are recommended the following
measures:
Preparation and implementation of the Traffic Management Plan on site
13;

All construction equipment shall meet the requirements of Directive no. 2000/14/EC of
EU for noise emission in the environment created by outdoor equipment;
Construction works to be performed in the period from 07:00 to 19:00 h;
Avoid the coincidence of noisy plant working at the same time close together adjacent to
sensitive receivers;
The equipment shall be provided with suitable devices to damp noise that reduces
sound levels and will regularly be maintained;
Where using pneumatic equipment, select silenced compressors or use quieter hydraulic
equipment;
Good management practice will be introduced to distribute heavy noise equipment along
the route so as to avoid the cumulative effects of noise;
Establish designated access route/s to the site and inform drivers of these routes,
parking lots and acceptable delivery times;
Regular maintenance of roads (and inspections) to minimize the impact of sounds when
trucks pass on the irregular surfaces of roads;
Limit the speed of vehicles in critical areas (in and outside of the construction site).

13
In the Traffic Plan would be established limits of the speed for construction vehicles and machinery on site and transportation
routes to be used and organize traffic to avoid residential areas as much as possible.
.

86

For effectively reduction of the noise that will be generated during the operational phase, during
the designing and construction phase of the route should be applied appropriate measures that
will contribute for reduction of the noise from the source, and also vibration.
These measures include:
Vertical and horizontal positioning of the road;
Covering with so-called "quiet asphalt";
Traffic management.
Proper positioning of the road and choice of appropriate materials in its construction for getting
so-called "quiet asphalt" pose one of the main measures to reduce noise at source.
By placing the asphalt with impurity of rubber can be achieved lower noise level of 3-8 dB (A) or
50-80% compared with normal asphalt. This measure will contribute to reduce the vibrations in
the operational phase.
Also the use of stone matrix asphalt with (Stone-matrix asphalt SMA) is one of the alternatives
that contribute for construction of quiet asphalt".
The two layer asphalt can result in a reduction of the noise level by 3 to 4 dB (A) at a speed of
50 km/h and 5.5 dBA at a speed of 100 km/h, compared with ordinary asphalt
14
.
To reduce the level of vibration in the construction phase are recommended the following
measures:
Installing insulation of mechanical equipment for protection against vibration;
Limiting the hours of operation for certain pieces of equipment or operations on sensitive
locations;
Avoiding traffic routes for transfer of materials in the vicinity of the settlements.
To reduce noise in the operational phase are recommended traffic control and adjustment of
road signs near the villages Smokvica and Prdejci, with aim to achieve constant speed and
reduce the need for braking or acceleration, will contribute to reducing the level of noise.
In the operational phase monitoring of the noise level is recommended in order to be identified
the level of noise, and in accordance with the obtain results, if it is required to be apply the
additional measures to protect the population from the village Prdejci, as the closest recipient of
noise along the route. As the most appropriate measure for protection of houses is replacement
of existing windows and doors with new ones, for the nearest object to the motorway, which will
provide sound insulation.

14
NSW Roads and Traffic Authority (RTA), 2005).
14


87

7.6 Mitigation measures for impacts on biodiversity
To reduce the impacts on biodiversity are recommended:
Implementation of the measures for protection of the air, water, soil, waste management
and noise;
Burning of the vegetation is not allowed, because of the protection of the habitats, floral
and animal species;
Demolition and construction of the bridges to be made in the period when the rivers
Zuica and Kovanska are dried or has the smallest water level;
Removing the shrubs and trees should be done in winter, outside the breeding period of
the birds.
Also it is recommended implementation of the Waste Management Plan, Hazardous Materials
Management Plan and Spill Prevention, Emergency and Response Plan.
Despite with the new predicted activities for extending and rehabilitation of the route are not
expect additional impacts on the biodiversity, flora and fauna, than existing one, however the
integrated approach to managing vegetation along the route recommended:
Preparation and implementation of Plan for management of vegetation along the route;
Avoid the use of herbicides that fall under or are listed under:
The World Health Organization Recommended Classification of Pesticides by
Hazard Classes 1a and 1b.
Annexes A and B of the Stockholm Convention, except under the conditions noted in
the convention
15
.
It should be used only herbicides that are labelled in accordance with international
standards and norms should be used, such as the FAO Revised Guidelines for Good
Labelling Practice for Pesticides.
7.7 Measures for mitigation of social impacts
Measures for mitigation the impacts in the social environment should include activities that will
be implemented in the construction phase:
Developing a Plan for organization of the construction site;

15
FAO (2002).

88

Developing a Traffic Management Plan during construction activities, available to local
communities and public;
Hiring a small percentage of local labour workforces for construction activities in the
project area;
Renovation of the local roads that are damaged as a result of project activities;
Take appropriate measures to protect existing infrastructure (irrigation, water supply,
sewerage system, oil pipeline) or applying compensation measures in case of possible
damage or accident;
Implementation of Occupational Health and Safety Plan.
Social Impacts
Construction Phase
Impacts Mitigation Measures
People and Livestock Health and
Safety Impact (Creation of active
construction sites)
Developing a Plan for organization of the construction site, making it
available to the local communities, as well as regular reporting to the
Investor on undertaken activities
Residual Impacts No residual impacts are expected

People and Livestock Health and
Safety Impact (Increased number of
traffic accidents)
Developing a Traffic Management Plan, making it available to the local
communities, as well as regular reporting to the Investor on undertaken
activities

Impact on Business and
Agricultural Activities
Hiring a small percentage of local labour workforces for construction
activities in the project area.

Impact on local road infrastructure Renovation of the local roads that are damaged as a result of project
activities
Residual Impacts Residual impact will remain after implementation of the measures

Impact on irrigation, water supply,
sewerage system infrastructure
Take appropriate measures to protect existing infrastructure (irrigation,
water supply, sewerage system, oil pipeline) or applying compensation
measures in case of possible damage or accident.

Labour Impacts Compliance with national legislation and Implementation of Occupational
Health and Safety Plan

89

7.8 Risk management (occurrence of a disaster, accident or emergency)
7.8.1 Construction Phase
Accidents and damages are unplanned events that may be caused by negligence, when the
control of activities is left out or during the natural disasters, which may result in adverse
impacts on human health and environment.
Accidents and damages that may occur as a result of construction activities may affect the
quality of surface waters, groundwater, soil and ambient air, biodiversity and the most important
health and safety of people.
The risk of accidents and damages can be caused by:
During the construction activities and risk of injury to workers, especially during the
demolition of existing structures (bridges, fences, underpass etc.)
Increased frequency of transport vehicles on roads and divert traffic;
Increased dust emissions;
Transport of materials and the presence of materials on site that may be explosive,
flammable, corrosive and infectious;
Improper handling and storage of materials and waste;
Possibility of intentional and unwanted leaks that can cause fires, pollution of surface
and ground water, soil, risk to human health and property and so on.
Possibility of erosion, especially during construction activities for reconstruction of
bridges;
Construction works for which negligence or deficiency of data can cause damage to
material goods (this is especially considering existing water supply networks, irrigation,
sewerage network, pipeline);
To prevent these risks, before the start of construction activities, it is necessary to develop
appropriate plans and procedures as part of the technical documentation for the realization of
the activities, which will include a range of measures and activities to prevent or reduce risks
arising from this type of activity.
In the phase of preparation of Final Design of the project to be taken into consideration the
positions of the existing infrastructure systems to provide protection measures in order to avoid
any possible damage that can cause accidents.
Before the construction phase of the project the Contractor will be responsible to develop and
implement Management Plan for the site that will include:
Site Clearing Plan, marking, fencing, etc;

90

Plan for usage of the raw materials and defining locations that will be used as disposal,
as well as locations for asphalt and concrete base;
Plan for organizing of labor and construction camps;
Traffic Management Plan, which should include (location of access roads for heavy
vehicles and construction machinery, number and specification of machinery, speed,
etc.)
Fire Protection Plan;
Emergency and Response Plan;
Plan for Health and Safety at Work.
Also as part of the technical documentation of the project the Contractor need to prepare:
Soil Managment Plan, which will include appropriate measures to prevent erosion;
Waste Management Plan;
Hazardous Materials Management Plan and Spill Prevention.
Management Plan for soil should contain measures and techniques for managing the erosion,
before the start of the construction phase.
Erosion Control Techniques includes:
Use of materials such as filter fences, sandbags, etc.;
Removal of soil, excavated sand to be used in the reconstruction of bridges;
Divert runoff from the site;
Control runoff through drainage and drainage stable setting;
Limit traffic on predefined routes;
Performing the construction works in periods of low monthly rainfall.
Among the other measures the Hazardous Materials Management Plan and Spill Prevention
should include measures and procedures for management with contaminated soil, which
includes:
Identification of possible forms of contamination that may occur during the project (use of
asphalt, concrete, fuels, oils, etc.);
Procedures for proper storage of hazardous materials shall be in accordance with
relevant standards;
Prevention of contamination of soil during construction;
Identification, investigation and management with unforeseen contamination.

91

In order to prevent impacts from possible leaks are recommended:
Hazardous substances to be stored properly to minimize the risk of environmental
impact;
Storage of chemicals to be in accordance with Macedonian standards and MSDS
(Material Safety Data Sheets) requirements. MSDS requirements will be kept on site and
be available to employees and contractors;
Smaller quantities of chemicals, fuels and oils are stored in locked containers on site;
Ensure equipment to prevent spills near the construction site for immediate cleaning;
Do not allow any refueling, storage, servicing and maintenance of equipment at a
distance of 100 m from drainage systems, water flows or other sensitive environmental
resources. If these activities have to be carried out on site, would be taken all
precautions to prevent their leakage or spill and leak into the soil or near water courses;
Smaller quantities of chemicals, fuels and oils are stored in locked containers on site;
Near the construction site to be ensured equipment for prevention of spills for immediate
cleaning;
Do not allow any refueling, storage, servicing and maintenance of equipment at a
distance of 100 m from drainage systems, waterways or other sensitive environmental
resources. If these activities are to be carried out of the construction will take all
precautions to prevent their leakage or spill and leak into the soil or near water courses;
Do not allow washing of mixers with concrete containing cement or alkaline residues
from cement;
To undertake regular preventive maintenance of vehicles and construction machinery to
reduce the leakage of oils, motor oils and fuels;
The waste to be collected and sealed in waterproof containers and stored at appropriate
places to prevent any leakage causing environmental damage to soil, surface water or
groundwater;
Preparation and implementation of procedures for remediation of the contaminated soil,
which may occur in the case of transport;
To provide a system for collecting wastewater generated during construction;
Monitoring of the implementation of the measures.
Waste Management Plan should include:
Identifying the appropriate place for disposal of generated waste;

92

Identification and classification of different types of waste that can be generated on
construction sites (due to the materials used and waste generated in different sections),
in accordance with the List of Wastes ("Official Gazette of the RM" no. 100/05);
Establishing procedures for waste management;
The collection and transportation of the waste to be performed by an authorized
company;
To prepare comprehensive reports for all types of waste generated, which will be
available for inspection and will include information on: the quantity and composition of
waste, origin, place of delay and method of transport;
Monitoring of the the implementation of the measures.
The reasons for risk of accidents, damages, etc. during the operational phase is nearly identical
to the reasons for risk during construction phase.
In order to avoid these phenomena, if the company that manages the public roads, Public
Enterprise for National Roads, has not prepared the documentation for risk management, it is
recommend making the following plans, which will include measures to protect the environment
and improve health and human security:
Emergency and Response Plan.

93

No Description of the measures Aim of the measures expressed through reduction
of the impacts on the environment
Time framework for
implementation of the Plan
for improvement in the
period of 5 years
AIR
CONSTRUCTION PHASE
1 The Contractor will implement Site Management Plan;
Residents/sensitive receptors will be informed about the construction activities
and working hours;
Water spraying of the area for reducing the emissions of dust;
Water spraying of the road for transport of the materials;
Stockpiles will be fenced, covered or stabilize their surfaces in order to prevent the
dispersion by the wind;
During the trucks loading, transfer and unloading of the materials have to has the
smallest dispersion of the material in order to avoid creation of a cloud of dust,
and if it is possible to be set up the system for humidification;
Burning of debris from ground clearance will not be permitted.
Contractor will implement Waste Management Plan, Soil Management Plan and
Traffic Management Plan.
Reducing dust emissions, exhaust gases and volatile
organic compounds, in order to protect air quality from
pollution and comply with the requirements and
obligations defined in:
Law on Construction (Official Gazette of the
Republic of Macedonia no. 130/09, 124/10,
18/11, 36/11, 54/11, 13/12, 144/12);
Law on Public Roads (Official Gazette of the
Republic of Macedonia no. 84/08, 52/09,114/09
and 124/10);
Law on ambient air quality (Official Gazette of
the Republic of Macedonia no. 92/07, 35/10,
47/11, 59/12, 100/12, 4/13);
Decree on limit values for levels and types of
pollutants in ambient air and alert thresholds,
terms of achieving the limit values, margins of
tolerance limit value, target values and long-term
goals (Official Gazette of the Republic of
Macedonia no. 55/05);
Law on nature protection (Official Gazette of the
84/07,35/10, 47/11, 148/11, 59/12, 13/13);
Law on environment (Official Gazzete of the
Republic of Macedonia no. 53/05, 81/05, 24/07,
159/08, 83/09, 48/10, 124/10 51/11, 164/12);
Law on waters (Official Gazzete of the Republic
of Macedonia no. 87/08, 6/09, 161/09, 83/10,
51/11, 44/12, 23/13);
Before starting of the
construction activities and
continuously during
construction activities

94

Time framework for
period of 5 years
Law on waste management (Official Gazzete of
the Republic of Macedonia no. 68/04, 71/04,
107/07, 102/08, 143/08, 124/10, 09/11, 51/11,
123/12, 9/13).
No complaints on air quality by neighbouring sensitive
receptors-residents, bystanders or workers in the
nearby industrial zones.
WATER AND SEWEGE
CONSTRUCTION PHASE
1 Demolition and construction of the bridge on the rivers to be realized in dry
season, during low flow or when the river is dried up;
During construction activities which are carried in the river bed, to minimize the
possibility of entering waste and sediments (muddy water) in the water flow;
The bridges to be designed and constructed in a manner that will ensure minimal
If during the excavation has stumble upon contact with groundwater, such sites
will be immediately closed to prevent major changes in the groundwater level and
water flow in the area;
Application of good practices and experiences during designing to be avoid the
occurrence of flooded areas, upstream of the bridges and along the surface of the
route, i.e. to be made assessment whether the existing drainage systems have
sufficient capacity to accept new quantities of storm water;
Control of drainage system and manholes in order to avoid possible floods or
accidents during construction;
Application of the asphalt and concrete to be done in dry periods to prevent
leakage of asphalt or concrete with their washing;
During performance of the construction works is recommended covering of the
drainage systems in order to prevent them from clogging;
Waste water produced in construction camps must not be discharged into
watercourses or channels near the project area. On the areas determined for
To avoid or minimize impacts on hydrology, water
quality and aquatic habitats, also to avoid the impact of
flooding and the risk of accidents and crashes.
The performance of the project and water quality to
comply with the requirements and obligations defined
in:
18/11, 36/11, 54/11, 13/12, 144/12);
Republic of Macedonia no. 84/08,
52/09,114/09 and 124/10);
Law on waters (Official Gazzete of the
161/09, 83/10, 51/11, 44/12, 23/13);
Decree on waters classification (Official
Gazzete of the Republic of Macedonia no.
18/99);
Decree on categorization of watercourses,
lakes, accumulations and groundwaters
(Official Gazzete of the Republic of
continuously during

95

Time framework for
period of 5 years
construction activities will be set up mobile toilets, which will be properly handled
by an authorized company. The mobile toilets should be placed at a distance
more than 100 m from the drainage infrastructure or surface water flow;
Protection of the river and its coastal vegetation in the project area, without
regulation and removal of the vegetation in order to develop self-purifying power
of rivers;
During designing and implementation of construction activities to be taken into
consideration the existing networks for water supply, waste water collection and
irrigation systems, as well the pipeline and to take appropriate measures for its
protection.
It is also recommended implementation of Soil Management Plan, Waste Management
Plan, Hazardous Materials Management Plan and Spill Prevention and
24/07, 159/08, 83/09, 48/10, 124/10 51/11,
164/12);
Law on nature protection (Official Gazzete
of the Republic of Macedoniano. 67/04,
14/06, 84/07,35/10, 47/11, 148/11, 59/12,
13/13);
Law on waste management (Official
68/04, 71/04, 107/07, 102/08, 143/08,
124/10, 09/11, 51/11, 123/12, 9/13);
Law on ambient air quality (Official Gazette
of the Republic of Macedonia no. 92/07,
35/10, 47/11, 59/12, 100/12, 4/13).
OPERATIONAL PHASE
1 Regular control and maintenance of drainage structures (channels, manholes and
ducts) for treatment of water in order to prevent covering with waste or sediments;
Channels and ducts should not be covered with waste, sludge and vegetation.

To avoid or minimize impacts on water quality and
aquatic habitats, to avoid the impact of floods in order
to achieve the requirements and obligations defined in:
52/09,114/09 and 124/10);
161/09, 83/10, 51/11, 44/12, 23/13);
Decree on waters classification (Official
18/99);
Decree on categorization of watercourses,
Continuously during
operational phase

96

Time framework for
period of 5 years
lakes, accumulations and groundwaters
24/07, 159/08, 83/09, 48/10, 124/10 51/11,
164/12);
14/06, 84/07,35/10, 47/11, 148/11, 59/12,
13/13);
35/10, 47/11, 59/12, 100/12, 4/13);
68/04, 71/04, 107/07, 102/08, 143/08,
124/10, 09/11, 51/11, 123/12, 9/13).
WASTE
CONSTRUCTION PHASE
1 Preparation and implementation of Waste Management Plan. The correct approach to the way of the waste
management and protection of the media and state of
the environment and human health in order to achieve
the requirements and obligations defined in:
18/11, 36/11, 54/11, 13/12, 144/12);
52/09,114/09 and 124/10);
continuously during

97

Time framework for
period of 5 years
68/04, 71/04, 107/07, 102/08, 143/08,
124/10, 09/11, 51/11, 123/12, 9/13);
Law on management of packaging and
packaging waste (Official Gazzete of the
Republic of Macedonia no. 161/09, 17/11
and 47/11);
Law on waste management from electrical
and electronic equipment and waste
electrical and electronic equipment (Official
6/12);
Rulebook on the manner and conditions of
waste storage and the conditions to be met
by the sites that carried waste storage
(Official Gazette of the Republic of
Regulation on the procedures and manner of
collection, transportation, processing,
storage, treatment and disposal of waste
oils, the method of keeping records and
submitting data (Official Gazette of the
Republic of Macedonia no. 156/07);
24/07, 159/08, 83/09, 48/10, 124/10 51/11,
164/12);
14/06, 84/07,35/10, 47/11, 148/11, 59/12,

98

Time framework for
period of 5 years
13/13);
161/09, 83/10, 51/11, 44/12, 23/13);
35/10, 47/11, 59/12, 100/12, 4/13).
OPERATIONAL PHASE
1 Preparation of the Waste Management Plans (which among other information
should include locations for placing containers along the route);
Regular cleaning and maintenance of drainage systems;
Signing contracts with companies for waste management along the entire section.

The correct approach to the way of the waste
management and protection of the media and state of
the environment and human health in order to achieve
the requirements and obligations defined in:
52/09,114/09 and 124/10);
68/04, 71/04, 107/07, 102/08, 143/08,
124/10, 09/11, 51/11, 123/12, 9/13);
161/09, 83/10, 51/11, 44/12, 23/13);
35/10, 47/11, 59/12, 100/12, 4/13);
24/07, 159/08, 83/09, 48/10, 124/10 51/11,
164/12);
Continuously during
operational phase

99

Time framework for
period of 5 years
14/06, 84/07,35/10, 47/11, 148/11, 59/12,
13/13).
SOIL
CONSTRUCTION PHASE
1 Implementation of good construction practices;
Implementation of measures which will arise from the Soil Management Plan,
Hazardous Materials Management Plan and Spill Prevention, Traffic Management
Plan;
During the designing and implementation of the construction activities to be taken
into consideration the existing networks for water supply, waste water collection
and irrigation systems, as well as pipeline and to take appropriate measures for its
protection.

Protection of geology and soil, erosion, contamination,
avoiding accidents and emergencies, protection of
water in order to achieve the requirements and
52/09,114/09 and 124/10);
68/04, 71/04, 107/07, 102/08, 143/08,
124/10, 09/11, 51/11, 123/12, 9/13);
161/09, 83/10, 51/11, 44/12, 23/13);
35/10, 47/11, 59/12, 100/12, 4/13);
24/07, 159/08, 83/09, 48/10, 124/10 51/11,
164/12);
14/06, 84/07,35/10, 47/11, 148/11, 59/12,
13/13);
continuously during

100

Time framework for
period of 5 years
68/04, 71/04, 107/07, 102/08, 143/08,
124/10, 09/11, 51/11, 123/12, 9/13).
OPERATIONAL PHASE
1 Regular monitoring of the flow of storm water, waste management and maintenance of
the vegetation.
Protection of geology and soil, erosion, contamination,
avoiding accidents and emergencies, protection of
water in order to achieve the requirements and
52/09,114/09 and 124/10);
161/09, 83/10, 51/11, 44/12, 23/13);
35/10, 47/11, 59/12, 100/12, 4/13);
24/07, 159/08, 83/09, 48/10, 124/10 51/11,
164/12);
14/06, 84/07,35/10, 47/11, 148/11, 59/12,
13/13);
68/04, 71/04, 107/07, 102/08, 143/08,
124/10, 09/11, 51/11, 123/12, 9/13).
Continuously during
operational phase

101

Time framework for
period of 5 years
NOISE
CONSTRUCTION PHASE
1 Preparation and implementation of the Traffic Management Plan on site
16;

All construction equipment shall meet the requirements of Directive no.
2000/14/EC of EU for noise emission in the environment created by outdoor
equipment;
Construction works to be performed in the period from 07:00 to 19:00 h;
Avoid the coincidence of noisy plant working at the same time close together
adjacent to sensitive receivers;
The equipment shall be provided with suitable devices to damp noise that reduces
sound levels and will regularly be maintained;
Where using pneumatic equipment, select silenced compressors or use quieter
hydraulic equipment;
Good management practice will be introduced to distribute heavy noise equipment
along the route so as to avoid the cumulative effects of noise;
Establish designated access route/s to the site and inform drivers of these routes,
parking lots and acceptable delivery times;
Regular maintenance of roads (and inspections) to minimize the impact of sounds
when trucks pass on the irregular surfaces of roads;
Limit the speed of vehicles in critical areas (in and outside of the construction
site);
Application of so-called "quiet asphalt".
Compliance with the limit values for noise and
environmental protection, as defined in:
18/11, 36/11, 54/11, 13/12, 144/12);
52/09,114/09 and 124/10);
Law on noise protection in the environment
Macedonia no. 79/07, 124/10, 47/11);
Rulebook on the limit values of
environmental noise levels (Official Gazette
of the Republic of Macedonia no. 147/08);
Decision on determination of the cases in
which and conditions under which the peace
of citizens is considered disturbed by harmful
noise (Official Gazette of the Republic of
24/07, 159/08, 83/09, 48/10, 124/10 51/11,
164/12);
14/06, 84/07,35/10, 47/11, 148/11, 59/12,
continuously during

16
In the Traffic Plan would be established limits of the speed for construction vehicles and machinery on site and transportation routes to be used and organize traffic to avoid
residential areas as much as possible.

102

Time framework for
period of 5 years
13/13);
No complaints about increased noise level from the
local inhabitances.
OPERATIONAL PHASE
1 Adjustment of road signs near the villages Smokvica and Prdejci, with aim to
achieve constant speed and reduce the need for braking or acceleration,
If it is required is recommended implementation of additional measures to protect
the population from the village Prdejci, i.e. replacement of existing windows and
doors with new ones, for the nearest object to the motorway.
Compliance with the limit values for noise and
environmental protection, as defined in:
52/09,114/09 and 124/10);
Macedonia no. 79/07, 124/10, 47/11);
Decision on determination of the cases in
which and conditions under which the peace
of citizens is considered disturbed by harmful
noise (Official Gazette of the Republic of
24/07, 159/08, 83/09, 48/10, 124/10 51/11,
164/12);
14/06, 84/07,35/10, 47/11, 148/11, 59/12,
13/13).
No complaints about increased noise level from the
local inhabitances.
Continuously during
operational phase

103

Time framework for
period of 5 years
VIBRATION
CONSTRUCTION PHASE
1 Installing insulation of mechanical equipment for protection against vibration;
Limiting the hours of operation for certain pieces of equipment or operations on
sensitive locations;
Avoiding traffic routes for transfer of materials in the vicinity of the settlements.

Meeting the limits values defined in EU legislation. Continuously during
BIODIVERSITY
CONSTRUCTION PHASE
1 Implementation of the measures for protection of the air, water, soil, waste
management and noise;
Burning of the vegetation is not allowed, because of the protection of the habitats,
floral and animal species;
Demolition and construction of the bridges to be made in the period when the
rivers Zuica and Kovanska are dried or has the smallest water level;
Removing the shrubs and trees should be done in winter, outside the breeding
period of the birds.
Also it is recommended implementation of the Waste Management Plan, Hazardous
Materials Management Plan and Spill Prevention, Emergency and Response Plan.
Preservation and protection of the biodiversity by
achieving quality of the media and conditions,
requirements and obligations defined in:
18/11, 36/11, 54/11, 13/12, 144/12);
52/09,114/09 and 124/10);
14/06, 84/07, 35/10, 47/11, 148/11, 59/12,
13/13);
24/07, 159/08, 83/09, 48/10, 124/10 51/11,
164/12);
35/10, 47/11, 59/12, 100/12, 4/13);
continuously during

104

Time framework for
period of 5 years
Decree on limit values for levels and types of
pollutants in ambient air and alert thresholds,
terms of achieving the limit values, margins
of tolerance limit value, target values and
long-term goals (Official Gazette of the
Republic of Macedonia no. 55/05);
Macedonia no. 79/07, 124/10, 47/11);
68/04, 71/04, 107/07, 102/08, 143/08,
124/10, 09/11, 51/11, 123/12, 9/13).
OPERATIONAL PHASE
1 Despite with the new predicted activities for extending and rehabilitation of the route are
not expect additional impacts on the biodiversity, flora and fauna, than existing one,
however the integrated approach to managing vegetation along the route
recommended:
Preparation and implementation of Plan for management of vegetation along the
route;
Avoid the use of herbicides that fall under or are listed under:
The World Health Organization Recommended Classification of Pesticides by
Hazard Classes 1a and 1b.
Annexes A and B of the Stockholm Convention, except under the conditions
noted in the convention
17
.
Preservation and protection of the biodiversity by
achieving quality of the media and conditions,
requirements and obligations defined in:
Law on public roads (Official Gazzete of the
52/09,114/09 and 124/10);
14/06, 84/07,35/10, 47/11, 148/11, 59/12,
13/13);
Law on Environment (Official Gazzete of the
Continuously during
operational phase

17
FAO (2002)

105

Time framework for
period of 5 years
It should be used only herbicides that are labelled in accordance with
international standards and norms should be used, such as the FAO Revised
Guidelines for Good Labelling Practice for Pesticides.
24/07, 159/08, 48/10, 124/10, 51/11, 123/12,
164/12).

RISK MANAGEMENT (OCCURRENCE OF DISASTERS, ACCIDENTS OR EMERGENCIES)
CONSTRUCTION PHASE
1 Before the construction phase of the project the Contractor will be obliged to develop
and implement Site Management Plan, that will include:
Site Clearing Plan, marking, fencing, etc.
Plan for usage of the raw materials i.e. defining locations that will be used as
borrow pits and for disposal, as well as locations for asphalt and concrete
base;
Traffic Management Plan ;
Plan for Health and Safety at Work;
Soil Managment Plan, which will include appropriate measures to prevent
erosion;
Hazardous Materials Management Plan and Spill Prevention.

Reduce the possibility of risk or accident during the
construction activities and keeping the quality of
environment and human health, by fulfillment of legal
requirements defined in:
Law on construction (Official Gazzete of the
Republic of Macedonia no.130/09, 124/10,
18/11, 36/11, 54/11, 13/12, 144/12);
52/09,114/09 and 124/10);
Law for traffic security of the roads (Official
54/07,86/08,98/08,64/09 and 161/09);
Law on fire protection (Official Gazzete of
the Republic of Macedonia no. 67/04,
81/07);
Law on protection and rescue (Official
36/04, 49/04, 86/08, 124/10, 18/11, 93/12);
Law on Occupational Health and Safety
Macedonia no. 92/07, 136/11, 23/13, 25/13);
Rulebook on minimal requirements for
occupational health and safety on working
place (Official Gazzete of the Republic of
continuously during

106

Time framework for
period of 5 years
Law for Transport of Hazardous Materials
and amendments (Official Gazzete of the
17/2011, 54/2011,13/13);
Law for Health Protection (Official Gazzete
77/08, 67/09, 88/10, 44/11, 53/11 145/12,
10/13);
14/06, 84/07,35/10, 47/11, 148/11, 59/12,
13/13);
Law on Environment (Official Gazette no.
53/05, 81/05, 24/07, 159/08, 48/10, 124/10,
51/11, 123/12, 164/12)
Law on Ambient Air Quality (Official
Gazette no 92/07, 35/10, 47/11, 59/12,
100/12, 4/13);
161/09, 83/10, 51/11, 44/12, 23/13).
OPERATIONAL PHASE
Plan for management of the vegetation along the motorway;

52/09,114/09 and 124/10);
Law for traffic security of the roads (Official
54/07, 86/08, 98/08, 64/09 and161/09);
Law on Environment (Official Gazzete of the
operationa phase and
continuously during
operational phase

107

Time framework for
period of 5 years
24/07, 159/08, 48/10, 124/10, 51/11, 123/12,
164/12)
Law on nature (Official Gazzete of the
84/07,35/10, 47/11, 148/11, 59/12, 13/13);
161/09, 83/10, 51/11, 44/12, 23/13);
Law on Ambient Air Quality (Official
67/04, 92/07, 35/10, 47/11, 59/12, 100/12,
4/13);
Law on fire protection (Official Gazzete of
81/07);
Law for Health Protection (Official Gazzete
77/08, 67/09, 88/10, 44/11, 53/11 145/12/
10/13);
Law on protection and rescue (Official
36/04, 49/04, 86/08, 124/10, 18/11, 93/12).
SOCIAL IMPACTS
1 Implementation of Site Management Plan. Minimization of the potential construction sites
accidents, in compliance with:
Republic of Macedonia no.130/09, 124/10,
18/11, 36/11, 54/11, 13/12, 144/12);
Law on Road Traffic Safety (Official
continuously during

108

Time framework for
period of 5 years
54/00, 86/08, 98/08, 64/09, 161/09, 15/08,
128/08 and 114/12).
2 Developing a Traffic Management Plan, making it available to the local
communities, as well as regular reporting to the Investor on undertaken activities
Minimization of the potential and unnecessary traffic
jams as well as traffic accidents in state of limited
regime of traffic, in compliance with:
18/11, 36/11, 54/11, 13/12, 144/12);
Law on Public Roads (Official Gazzete of
52/2009, 114/2009, 124/10, 23/11, 53/11,
44/12, 168/12), and
Gazzete of the Republic of Macedoniano.
54/00, 86/08, 98/08, 64/09, 161/09, 15/08,
128/08 and 114/12).
continuously during

3 Hiring a small percentage of local labour workforces for construction activities in
the project area.
Minimization of potential socio-economic impacts on
settlements in project area
4 Renovation of the local roads that are damaged as a result of project activities. Avoiding the degradation and lasting damages of the
local road that connects the settlements in the project
area, in compliance with:
18/11, 36/11, 54/11, 13/12, 144/12);
Law on Public Roads (Official Gazzete of
52/2009, 114/2009, 124/10, 23/11, 53/11,
44/12, 168/12), and
Continuously during

109

Time framework for
period of 5 years
54/00, 86/08, 98/08, 64/09, 161/09, 15/08,
128/08 and 114/12).
5 Take appropriate measures to protect existing infrastructure (irrigation, water
supply, sewerage system, oil pipeline) or applying compensation measures in
case of possible damage or accident.
Avoiding the potential negative economic
consequences that can arise if certain infrastructure is
damaged (water supply, sewage, irrigation system,
pipeline), in compliance with Law on Registration of
underground and overhead infrastructure facilities and
associated installations (Official Gazzete of the
Republic of Macedonia no. 06/12), and Law on Waters
(Official Gazzete of the Republic of Macedonia no.
87/08, 06/09, 161/09, 83/10, 51/11, 44/12, 23/13)
continuously during

6 Compliance with national legislation and Implementation of Occupational Health
and Safety Plan.
Protection of the workers and protection of
environment during the construction works on this
project, in compliance with the Law for Occupational
Health and Safety (Official Gazzete of the Republic of
Macedonia no. 53/2013).
continuously during


110

8 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN
This Environmental Management Plan (EMP) sets out the environmental impacts that
may arise by the implementation of the project activities, measures for avoiding or
mitigation the adverse impacts and clear commitments by the Client to manage these
issues. It is a written description of proposed measures to be implemented to help
achieve and maintain acceptable levels of the environmental impacts identified in the
Environmental Protection Report and a simple tool which can help the requirements of
relevant legislation and best environmental management practice to be met.
The purpose of EMP is to identify all potential adverse impacts to the environmental
media, arise by the implementation of the Project activities- extension with rehabilitation
of existing road, left carriageway of the motorway A1 (E75) Smokvica - Gevgelija,
section Smokvica-Prdejci and propose mitigation measures together with corrective
action if an undesirable impact or unforeseen level of impact occurs, as well as
monitoring on the implementation of the proposed measures.
The aims of the EMP are to:
Provide practical and achievable plans for management of environmental and social
issues which will be in compliance with National and EU requirements;
Produce an integrated planning framework, which provides comprehensive
monitoring and control of construction and operational possible adverse impacts;
Provide commitment by the relevant authorities for future implementation of the
mitigation measures in line with the defined time schedule and proper monitoring on
the mentioned.
Provide the community with relevant information for the stage of project management
in an environmentally acceptable manner.
The impacts and measures are elaborated in the construction and operation phase.
The construction phase covers preparation of the project site/area for construction
activities, as well.
Environmental and Social Monitoring plan aims to assess the level of project
implementation and effects of the implementation of environmental mitigation measures.

111

8.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN-EMP
Impact Proposed mitigation measures Target Measure
Cost
Responsible
institution/s
Time of
implementation
AIR
Construction phase
18

The construction activities will
generate:
Dust emission,
Emissions of volatile
organic, compounds
(VOC),
Exhausted emission,
Odor.
These emissions may cause
potential adverse impacts on
the ambient air quality and other
environmental media and
population in the closest
surrounding along the motorway
(especially the villages
Smokvica and Prdejci)
The measures which will be undertaken for
avoiding or mitigation of the impacts on the air
include:
The Contractor will implement Site
Management Plan;
Residents/sensitive receptors will be
informed about the construction activities
and working hours;
Water spraying of the area for reducing
the emissions of dust;
Water spraying of the roads used for
transport of the materials;
Stockpiles will be fenced, covered or
stabilize their surfaces in order to prevent
the dispersion by the wind;
During the trucks loading, transfer and
unloading of the materials have to has
the smallest dispersion of the material in
order to avoid creation of a cloud of dust,
and if it is possible to be set up the
system for humidification;
Burning of debris from ground clearance
will not be permitted;
Contractor will implement Waste
Management Plan, Soil Management
Plan and Traffic Management Plan.
-To minimize air pollution
caused by dust and vehicle
emissions,
-Maintenance of air quality
within acceptable and legal
limits,
-No complaints received
from nearby sensitive
receptors-inhabitants.
Included in
the
construction
costs
Contractor/
Supervision/
controlled by the
Public Enterprise
for State Roads
Prior starting of the
and continuously
during construction
activities

18
Construction Phase will cover, preparation of the project site/area for construction activities, as well.

112

Cost
Responsible
institution/s
Time of
implementation
WATER AND SEWEGE
Construction phase
Disturbance of the water quality
will come from increased
concentration of suspended
solids and other pollutants that
will be generated from clearing
of the terrain and vegetation,
construction activities, handling
and disposal of construction
materials and waste near water
bodies, unwanted spills of fuels,
oils, concrete, asphalt or direct
discharge of water used for
washout of the equipment
(concrete mixer), improper
management of sanitary waste
water generated by workers,
etc.
During the construction phase,
it may come to disruption of the
water quality in rivers and storm
water from the project area as a
result of construction activities,
especially activities that will be
performed directly in the river
bed on the River Zuica and
Kovanska River.
Construction activities may
change the existing drainage
network, as a result of
Demolition and construction of the bridges on
the rivers to be realized in dry season, during
low flow or when the river is dried up;
During construction activities which are
carried out in the river bed, to minimize the
possibility of entering waste and sediments
(muddy water) in the water flow;
The bridges to be designed and constructed
in a manner that will ensure minimal
If during the excavation has stumble upon
contact with groundwater, such sites will be
immediately closed to prevent major changes
in the groundwater level and water flow in the
area;
Application of good practices and
experiences during designing to be avoid the
occurrence of flooded areas, upstream of the
bridges and along the surface of the route,
i.e. to be made assessment whether the
existing drainage systems have sufficient
capacity to accept new quantities of storm
water;
Control of drainage system and manholes in
order to avoid possible floods or accidents
during construction;
Application of the asphalt and concrete to be
done in dry periods to prevent leakage of
asphalt or concrete with their washing;
-To be avoided and
minimize the impacts of the
hydrology, water quality,
aquatic habitat and avoid
possibility of occurrence of
flood.
-Water quality and water
meet national and EU
legislative limits.

Included in the
construction
costs

Contractor/Supe
rvision/
controlled by the
Public
Enterprise for
State Roads

Public
Enterprise for
State Roads

and continuously
during construction
activities

113

Cost
Responsible
institution/s
Time of
implementation
preventing or diverting water
flows during demolition and
construction of the planned
structures, bridges and
underpass.
Sensitive receptors that may be
affected by the project activities
and disturbed water quality are:
River Zuica, Kovanska River,
storm water, river Vardar as a
recipient of the waters of these
two rivers, surrounding land and
riparian and aquatic flora and
fauna.
During performance of the construction works
is recommended covering of the drainage
systems in order to prevent them from
clogging;
Waste water produced in construction camps
must not be discharged into watercourses or
channels near the project area. On the areas
determined for construction activities will be
set up mobile toilets, which will be properly
handled by an authorized company. The
mobile toilets should be placed at a distance
more than 100 m from the drainage
infrastructure or surface water flow;
Protection of the rivers and its coastal
vegetation in the project area, without
regulation and removal of the vegetation in
order to develop self-purifying power of
rivers;
During designing and implementation of
construction activities to be taken into
consideration the existing networks for water
supply, waste water collection and irrigation
systems, as well the pipeline and to take
appropriate measures for its protection.
It is also recommended implementation of Soil
Management Plan, Waste Management Plan,
Hazardous Materials Management Plan and Spill
Prevention and Emergency and Response Plan.
Operational phase

114

Cost
Responsible
institution/s
Time of
implementation
If the drainage
structures are not
performed properly or
they are not
maintained it can lead
to flooding or to
cause erosion;
Overburdening of the
channels and culverts
with waste, silt and
vegetation can raise
development of
undesirable
microorganisms,
water pollution and
spread of odour;
Blocking with
vegetation and other
waste will reduce or
block penetration
potential of the
culverts and cause
overflow or flooding.
Regular control and maintenance of drainage
structures (channels, manholes and ducts)
for treatment of water in order to prevent
covering with waste or sediments;
Channels and ducts should not be covered
with waste, sludge and vegetation.
To be avoided and
minimize the impacts of the
hydrology, water quality,
aquatic habitat and avoid
possibility of occurrence of
flood.
Water quality and water
meet national and EU
legislative limit.
Included in the
operational
costs
Public
Enterprise for
State Roads

Immediately with
starting of operation
phase and during
operational phase

Cost
Responsible
institution/s
Time of
implementation
WASTE
Construction phase

115

Cost
Responsible
institution/s
Time of
implementation
As a result of the Project
activities different type of waste
will be generate:
Non-hazardous
waste,
Hazardous waste,
Inert waste and
Biodegradable waste
Preparation of Waste Management Plan prior to
commencement of construction activities.
Correct approach for waste
management and
protection of the media and
state of the environment
and human health
Included in the
construction
costs
Contractor/Supe
rvision/controlle
d by the
Public
Enterprise for
State Roads
and continuously
during construction
activities
Operational phase
Vehicles, passenger and
maintenance of the motorway
will be source of waste
generation.
Inadequate management and
handling with the generated
waste can cause significant
impacts on the water, soil,
biodiversity, people, etc.

Preparation of the Waste Management
Plans (which among other things should
include locations for placing containers
along the route);
Regular cleaning and maintenance of
drainage systems;
Signing contracts with companies for
waste management along the entire
section.
Protection of the
environment

Included in the
operational
costs
Public
Enterprise for
State Roads

Immediately with
starting of operational
phase and during
operational phase

Cost
Responsible
institution/s
Time of
implementation
SOIL
Construction phase
initiate erosion of land, some
contamination of soil by
occasional spills from vehicles
Implementation of good construction practices;
Implementation of measures which will arise from the
Soil Management Plan, Hazardous Materials
Protection of
geology and soil
from erosion and
contamination.
Included in
construction
costs
Contractor/
Supervision/
controlled by the
Public
Prior construction
phase and during
construction phase

116

and construction equipment and
improper material, waste and
wastewater management.

Management Plan and Spill Prevention, Traffic
Management Plan;
During the designing and implementation of the
construction activities to be taken into consideration the
existing networks for water supply, waste water
collection and irrigation systems, as well as pipeline and
to take appropriate measures for its protection.

Enterprise for
State Roads
Operational phase
Motorway traffic can initiate
some contamination of soil by
occasional spills, accidents and
emergencies, improper waste
and wastewater management.

Regular monitoring of the flow of storm water, waste
management and maintenance of the vegetation.
Protection of
geology, soil,
erosion, water
contamination
and avoiding
accidents and
emergencies.
Included in
operational
costs
Public
Enterprise for
State Roads
Immediately with
starting of operational
phase and during
operational phase

Cost
Responsible
institution/s
Time of
implementation
NOISE
Construction phase
initiate increased noise of
activities, machinery and
vehicles.
Increased noise level may
cause potential impact on
environment and population in
the closest settlement along the
Preparation and implementation of the Traffic
Management Plan on site
19;

All construction equipment shall meet the requirements
of Directive no. 2000/14/EC of EU for noise emission in
the environment created by outdoor equipment;
Construction works to be performed in the period from
07:00 to 19:00 h;
Avoid the coincidence of noisy plant working at the same
Noise level meet
national and EU
legislative limits

Included in
construction
costs
Contractor/
Supervision/
controlled by the
Public
Enterprise for
State Roads

Prior construction
phase and during
construction phase

19
In the Traffic Plan would be established limits of the speed for construction vehicles and machinery on site and transportation routes to be used and organize traffic to avoid
residential areas as much as possible.
.

117

Cost
Responsible
institution/s
Time of
implementation
section Negorci-Gevgelija
(especially villages Smokvica
and Prdejci).

time close together adjacent to sensitive receivers;
The equipment shall be provided with suitable devices to
damp noise that reduces sound levels and will regularly
be maintained;
Where using pneumatic equipment, select silenced
compressors or use quieter hydraulic equipment;
Good management practice will be introduced to
distribute heavy noise equipment along the route so as
to avoid the cumulative effects of noise;
Establish designated access route/s to the site and
inform drivers of these routes, parking lots and
acceptable delivery times;
Regular maintenance of roads (and inspections) to
minimize the impact of sounds when trucks pass on the
irregular surfaces of roads;
Limit the speed of vehicles in critical areas (in and
outside of the construction site);
Application of so-called "quiet asphalt".
Operational phase
The motorway traffic in
operational phase will generate
noise which can caused
adverse impact on the
inhabitants from villages
Smokvica and Prdejci,
especially Prdejci , as a closest
settlement of the motorway.

Adjustment of road signs near the villages Smokvica
and Prdejci, with aim to achieve constant speed and
reduce the need for braking or acceleration,
If it is required is recommended implementation of
additional measures to protect the population from
the village Prdejci, i.e. replacement of existing
windows and doors with new ones, for the nearest
object to the motorway.
Noise level meet
national and EU
legislative limits

Included in
operational
costs
If there is a
need for
implementatio
n of additional
measures
(replacing of
the windows
and doors) the
cost will be
determined
Public
Enterprise for
State Roads
After first month of
operation and
performed monitoring
of the noise level

118

Cost
Responsible
institution/s
Time of
implementation
additionally

Cost
Responsible
institution/s
Time of
implementation
Vibration
Construction phase
initiate increased vibration as a
result of activities, machinery
and vehicles.
Increased vibration level may
cause potential impact on
environment and population in
the closest settlement along the
section.

Installing insulation of mechanical equipment for
protection against vibration;
Limiting the hours of operation for certain pieces of
equipment or operations on sensitive locations;
Avoiding traffic routes for transfer of materials in the
vicinity of the settlements.

Vibration level
meet EU
legislative limits

Included in
construction
costs
Contractor/
Supervision/
controlled by the
Public
Enterprise for
State Roads
During construction
phase, if there will be
some complaints by the
affected citizens will by
submitted


119

Cost
Responsible
institution/s
Time of
implementation
Biodiversity
Construction phase
The planned project activities
can result in distortion of the
structure and function of wild
species and their habitats.
Emissions to water, air and soil
may endanger biodiversity.

Implementation of the measures for protection of the air,
water, soil, waste management and noise;
Burning of the vegetation is not allowed, because of the
protection of the habitats, floral and animal species;
Demolition and construction of the bridges to be made in
the period when the rivers Zuica and Kovanska are dried
or has the smallest water level;
Removing the shrubs and trees should be done in winter,
outside the breeding period of the birds;
it is recommended implementation of the Waste
Management Plan, Hazardous Materials Management
Plan and Spill Prevention, Emergency and Response
Plan.
Preservation
and protection of
the biodiversity
by achieving
quality of the
media and
environmental
conditions

Included in the
construction
costs
Contractor/
Supervision/
controlled by the
Public
Enterprise for
State Roads
Immediately with starting
of construction phase
Operational phase
Improper maintenance of the
motorway (which includes
management of the vegetation)
will cause adverse impact of the
biodiversity.
Despite with the new predicted activities for extending and
rehabilitation of the route are not expect additional impacts on
the biodiversity, flora and fauna, than existing one, however
the integrated approach to managing vegetation along the
route recommended:
Preparation and implementation of Plan for
management of vegetation along the route;
Avoid the use of herbicides that fall under or are listed
under:
The World Health Organization Recommended
Classification of Pesticides by Hazard Classes 1a and
Protection of
biodiversity
Included in
operational
costs
Public
Enterprise for
State

of operational phase and
during operational phase

120

Cost
Responsible
institution/s
Time of
implementation
1b.
Annexes A and B of the Stockholm Convention, except
under the conditions noted in the convention
20
.
It should be used only herbicides that are labelled in
accordance with international standards and norms should be
used, such as the FAO Revised Guidelines for Good Labelling
Practice for Pesticides.

Cost
Responsible
institution/s
Time of
implementation
RISK MANAGEMENT (OCCURRENCE OF DISASTERS, ACCIDENTS OR EMERGENCIES)
Construction phase
The risk of accidents and
damages can be caused by:
During the construction
activities and risk of
injury to workers,
especially during the
demolition of existing
structures (bridges,
fences, underpass etc.)
Increased frequency of
transport vehicles on
roads and divert traffic;
Increased dust
emissions;
Transport of materials
and the presence of
Before the construction phase of the project the Contractor will
be obliged to develop and implement Site Management Plan,
that will include:
Site Clearing Plan, marking, fencing, etc.
Plan for usage of the raw materials i.e. defining
locations that will be used as borrow pits and for
disposal, as well as locations for asphalt and
concrete base;
Traffic Management Plan ;
Plan for Health and Safety at Work;
Soil Managment Plan, which will include appropriate
measures to prevent erosion;
Reduce the
possibility of risk
or accident
during the
construction
activities and
keeping the
quality of
environment and
human health
Included in the
construction
costs
Contractor
/Investor
controlled by the
Public
Enterprise for
State Roads
Prior construction phase
and during construction
phase

20
FAO (2002).

121

Cost
Responsible
institution/s
Time of
implementation
materials on site that
may be explosive,
flammable, corrosive,
and infectious.
Improper handling and
storage of materials and
waste;
Possibility of intentional
and unwanted leaks that
can cause fires, pollution
of surface and ground
water, soil, risk to human
health and property and
so on.
Possibility of erosion,
especially during
construction activities for
reconstruction of
bridges;
Construction works for
which negligence or
deficiency of data can
cause damage to
material goods (this is
especially considering
existing water supply
networks, irrigation,
sewerage network,
pipeline).
Hazardous Materials Management Plan and Spill
Prevention.

Operational phase
The reasons for risk of
accidents, damages, etc. during
the operational phase are nearly
Proper implementation of the documentation for management
of:
Protect the
environment and
improve health
Included in the
operational
activities
Public
Enterprise for
State Roads
of operation phase and
during operational phase

122

Cost
Responsible
institution/s
Time of
implementation
identical to the reasons for risk
during construction phase.

Plan for management of the vegetation along the
motorway;
and human
security.

Cost
Responsible
institution/s
Time of
implementation
Social Impacts
Construction phase
People and Livestock Health
and Safety Impact (Creation of
active construction sites)
Developing a Plan for organization of the construction site,
making it available to the local communities, as well as regular
reporting to the Investor on undertaken activities.
Minimization of
the potential
construction
sites accidents
/ Public
Enterprise for
State Roads/
Contractor
People and Livestock Health
and Safety Impact (Increased
number of traffic accidents)
Developing a Traffic Management Plan, making it available to
the local communities, as well as regular reporting to the
Investor on undertaken activities.
Minimization of
the potential and
unnecessary
traffic jams as
well as traffic
accidents in
state of limited
regime of traffic.
Contractor and
Supervisor
controlled by
Public
Enterprise for
National Roads/
Traffic
Inspectorate
Impact on Business and
Agricultural Activities
Hiring a small percentage of local labour workforces for
construction activities in the project area.
Minimization of
potential socio-
economic
impacts on
settlements in
project area
Contractor/
Public
Enterprise for
National Roads

Impact on irrigation, water
supply, sewerage system
Take appropriate measures to protect existing infrastructure
(irrigation, water supply, sewerage system, pipeline) or
Avoiding the
potential
Contractor /
Supervisor/
of, and during the

123

Cost
Responsible
institution/s
Time of
implementation
infrastructure applying compensation measures in case of possible damage
or accident.
negative
economic
consequences
that can arise if
certain
infrastructure is
damaged (water
supply, sewage,
irrigation
system, pipeline)
Public
Enterprise for
National Roads
construction phase
Labour Impacts Compliance with national legislation and Implementation of
Occupational Health and Safety Plan
Protection of the
workers and
protection of
environment
during the
construction
works on this
project.
Included in the
construction
costs
Contractor/
Investor in
cooperation with
Supervision
institutions

of, and during the
construction phase

Community Health, Safety and Security
Construction phase
Increased Community safety
and security threat
All illegal approach to the construction site must be disabled
with proper securing of the construction site with visible sign
for construction site.
Minimization of
possible
accidents
regarding
disrespect of
legal
signalization and
level crossings
Included in the
construction
costs
Contractor Immediately with starting
of, and during the
construction phase
Economic loss due to the
construction accidents
The process of handling, storage and transport of flammable
materials must met rigorous national standards and must be
incorporated into contract with contractors. Damages caused
by such accidents must be fairly compensated by the
Minimization and
prevention of
possible
incidents and
Additional cost
estimation
must be
conducted that
Contractor Immediately with starting
of, and during the
construction phase

124

Cost
Responsible
institution/s
Time of
implementation
contractor. economic
consequences
that might
arouse from it.
must be
implemented
in Hazardous
Materials and
Spill
Prevention
Management
Plan and
Emergency
and Response
Plan
Labour issues and Working Conditions
Construction phase
Engagement of unskilled and
low qualified personal by the
Contractor
In order to prevent accidents during the construction phase,
the constructor must certify that his personal has attended
necessary training in Occupational Health and Safety and
possess necessary qualification, experience, knowledge and
technical skills. For engaged personal that doesnt possess
certification for passed training in Occupational Health and
Safety training must be organized.
Minimizing the
risks and
consequences
of impacts
caused by noise
at the work
place
10 per
worker taking
training
Contractor and
supervision
of, and during the
construction phase
Stress caused by noise
related working environment
Occupational Health and Safety Plan must be developed and
completely implemented. Use of personal protective
equipment (PPE) is required. Other mitigation measures must
arise from/ and be in compliance with national law and EU
Directives 89/656/EEC, 2003/10/EC and 2002/44/EC.
Minimizing the
risks and
consequences
of impacts
caused by noise
at the work
place
150 per work
place
Contractor and
supervision
phase
Stress and personal security
caused by climate conditions
of working environment
Mitigation measures regarding this impact must be in
compliance with local labour law and EU Directives regarding
workplace conditions and personal protection 89/654/EEC,
89/656/EEC, 89/686/EEC and 2009/104/EC. Contractor must
create Occupational Health and Safety Plan with implemented
Minimizing the
risks and
consequences
of impacts
caused by
The price is
included in the
construction
costs and
maintenance
Contractor and
supervision
phase

125

Cost
Responsible
institution/s
Time of
implementation
employees grievance mechanism. climate
conditions at
work place
of equipment
(35 per work
place)
Stress caused by exhaust
gasses related working
environment
Mitigation measure can and must be implemented. Use of
personal protective equipment (PPE) is required. Other
mitigation measures must arise from and be in compliance
with national law and EU Directives 90/396/EEC, 89/654/EEC,
89/656/EEC, 89/686/EEC and 2009/104/EC.
Minimizing the
risks and
consequences
of impacts
caused by
chemical
reagents
The price is
included in the
construction
costs and
maintenance
of equipment
(35 per work
place)
Contractor and
supervision
phase


126

8.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN
Receptor/Parameter
to be monitored
Where is the
parameter to be
monitored?
How is the parameter
to be monitored?
When is the
parameter to be
monitored frequency
of measurement)?
Why is the
parameter to be
monitored?
Cost
(Euro)
Responsibility
AIR
Construction phase
Ambient air quality (PM, CO,
CO2, NOx, PAH, SO2)
In the near vicinity of
the construction site,
especially on the
areas with sensitive
residential receptors
vilages Smokvica
and Prdejci
Visual monitoring of
the emission of dust

Air quality
measurement
monitoring of (PM, CO,
CO2, NOx, PAH, SO2)
will be implemented at
sensitive receptors
(inhabited places)
Visual monitoring-
every day, during
preparation on site
and construction
activities.
Every month during
delivery of the
materials and
construction.
Meeting air quality
standards and
minimizing impacts to
sensitive residential
receptors
~ 200
(per
sample)

Contractor controlled by the
Supervisor, the Municipal
Environmental Inspection and
State environmental Inspectorate
Operational phase
Ambient air quality (PM, CO,
CO2, NOx, PAH, SO2)
Areas with sensitive
residential receptors
(village Smokvica
and village Prdejci)
Air quality
measurement
monitoring of (PM, CO,
CO2, NOx, PAH, SO2)
Ones per year Meeting air quality
standards and
minimizing impacts to
sensitive residential
receptors
~ 200
(per
sample)
Public enterprises for national
roads controlled by the Ministry of
Environment and Physical
Planning,
State environmental
Inspectorate/Municipal
Environmental Inspection
EMISSION IN WATER AND SEWAGE
Construction phase

127

Receptor/Parameter
to be monitored
Where is the
parameter to be
monitored?
to be monitored?
When is the
parameter to be
monitored frequency
of measurement)?
Why is the
parameter to be
monitored?
Cost
(Euro)
Responsibility
Surface water quality Kovanska River, river
Zuica and storm
water from drenage
systems
Physical and chemical
analysis of the surface
water quality (flow,
turbidity, pH,
conductivity, BOD,
COD, suspended
particles, oils and
lubration)

Once, before starting
with construction
activities and during
construction activities,
which includes
activities at or near
near water bodies.
It is recommended
conducting chemical
analysis every month
or more frequently, if
there are indications of
possible
contamination.
To minimize the risk of
surface water pollution
and disruption of the
flow of water.
For avoidance of the
potential risks to
human health.
To minimize damage
to riparian and aquatic
vegetation.
To minimize damage
to riparian and aquatic
fauna.
Additionally
will be
determined
(~300 per
sample)
State environmental Inspectorate.
Ground water quality Location where there
is indication for
leakage or incidental
spills.

analysis of the ground
water quality
If there is indication for
possible contamination
of certain location
To determine possible
contamination and to
take measures for
protection
Additionally
will be
determined
Operational phase
Surface water quality Kovanska River, river
Zuica and storm
water from drenage
systems before
discharging into
recipient

analysis of the surface
water quality (flow,
turbidity, pH,
conductivity, BOD,
COD, suspended
particles, oils and
lubration).

Two times in the first
year and then if it is
required
In order to determine
the residual effects of
the construction phase
and monitoring of the
efficansy of the
measures
implemented to
protect the water.
(~300
per sample)
Planning,
State environmental
Ground water quality If there is indication Physical and chemical Quarterly in the first In order to determine Additionally Public enterprises for national

128

Receptor/Parameter
to be monitored
Where is the
parameter to be
monitored?
to be monitored?
When is the
parameter to be
monitored frequency
of measurement)?
Why is the
parameter to be
monitored?
Cost
(Euro)
Responsibility
for possible
contamination of
certain location
caused in the
construction phase
analysis of the ground
water quality
year and then annually
or as needed
the residual effects of
will be
determined
Planning, State environmental
WASTE
Construction phase
Waste menagement Along the project
area
Visual assessment
Review the
documentation for
waste management
Daily during
construction phase
Proper approach to
the manner of the
waste management
and fullfilment of the
legal obligations
Contractor
costs
Operational phase
Waste menagement Along the project
area Smokvica-
Prdejci
Visual assessment
Review the
documentation for
waste management
Continuously during
operational phase.
To ensure that
generated waste is
effectively managed.
Protection of the
environment.
Operational
costs
SOIL
Construction phase
Condition and quality of the
soil
Construction site, the
upper layer of soil,
and stocks location
where is possible
erosion.

All places places to
store chemicals and
Visual contol of
location

Visual monitoring is
required every day
during preparation of
the project site and
construction phase.
Every day during
preparation on site
and construction
Minimizing erosive
process.
Avoiding
contamination of soil
(surface and
groundwater)

Contractor
costs
and State environmental
Inspectorate


129

Receptor/Parameter
to be monitored
Where is the
parameter to be
monitored?
to be monitored?
When is the
parameter to be
monitored frequency
of measurement)?
Why is the
parameter to be
monitored?
Cost
(Euro)
Responsibility
waste. phase
Regular laboratory
analysis in a case of
accident.

Operational phase
Condition and quality of the
soil
Along the route
Smokvica and Prdejci
Visual inspection of the
route and drainage
systems
Daily

Laboratory analysis in a
case of accident
Avoiding
contamination of soil
(surface and
groundwater)

Operational
costs
BIODIVERSITY
Construction phase
Flora and fauna Construction sites,
sites for storage of
waste and chemicals
Visual assessment of
impacts on flora and
fauna.
Daily

Reducing the impact
on wildlife
Contractor
costs
Operational phase
Flora and fauna Along the route
Monitoring of the
manner for vegetation
management and
condition with the
wildlife
Continously Reducing the impact
on wildlife
Operational
costs
NOISE
Construction phase
Noise level in the environment At villages Smokvica
and Prdejci
Measurement of noise
levels
If there are complaints
from the population.
To determine the level
of noise in the
~ 35 (per
sample)

130

Receptor/Parameter
to be monitored
Where is the
parameter to be
monitored?
to be monitored?
When is the
parameter to be
monitored frequency
of measurement)?
Why is the
parameter to be
monitored?
Cost
(Euro)
Responsibility
When activities will be
conducted near the
villages
environment and to
take appropriate
measures for
reduction
Operational phase

Noise level in the environment At villages Smokvica
and Prdejci
Measurement of noise
levels
If there are complaints
from the population.
Once per year

To determine the
noise level and
whether there is a
need for additional
measures to reduce
the noise level at the
population in the
village Prdejci
~ 35 (per
sample)

VIBRATION
Construction phase
Vibration level On the construction
site
Measurements of
vibration level at
sensitive receptors

If any compliance by
resident appear.

To minimize vibration
level during
construction and
satisfied vibration
limit value.

500 per
used
machine
Contractor and Supervisor
controlled by the Municipal
RISKS
Construction and operational phase
Conditions that suggest the
possibility of occurrence or
occurrence of risks,
accidents, crashes
Along the route
Visual examination
Conditions that suggest
possible accidents and
crashes
Recorded accidents
During review noted
Measured parameters
that indicate the
disturbance of the
media and
Environmental
protection, health and
safety of people
Unable to
determine
Supervisor, Public enterprises for
national roads, Ministry of
Planning,

131

Receptor/Parameter
to be monitored
Where is the
parameter to be
monitored?
to be monitored?
When is the
parameter to be
monitored frequency
of measurement)?
Why is the
parameter to be
monitored?
Cost
(Euro)
Responsibility
and crashes
Pollution of the situation
and the environment
environmental
conditions
Statistics data
After complaints from
the population.
State environmental
Environmental Inspection.
Social domain
Construction phase
Land Acquisition
(Land Acquisition Documents)
Office and on site Review of
documentation and
progress of Land
Acquisition
Once.
Before official start of
To avoid delays in
time frame of
Calculatd
in the
Project
roads in cooperation with
Municipality of Gegelija
Stakeholders Engagement
(Creation of Stakeholder
Engagement Activity Report for
at least two (2) meetings with
local residents from the project
area.)

Creation of Grievance
mechanisms (Community and
Workers)
Office and on site Review of
Stakeholders
Engagement Activity
Report
The number and types
of stakeholder
engagement activities
should be monitored
and reported:
-how many public
meetings were held,
-how many people
attended,
-what issues were
discussed,
-what were the
comments /grievances
about,
-how will they be
Once.
construction activities.

Interested residents
must be informed on
the planned activities
and implementation
of mitigation
measures in order to
avoid further possible
delays in realization
of this project.

Contractor
costs

Constructor Supervisor; and
roads.

132

Receptor/Parameter
to be monitored
Where is the
parameter to be
monitored?
to be monitored?
When is the
parameter to be
monitored frequency
of measurement)?
Why is the
parameter to be
monitored?
Cost
(Euro)
Responsibility
addressed, etc.

Document (Paper)
Review
Once, prior starting of

To avoid possible
social conflicts.
Labour issues and Working
Conditions
(Review of submitted
necessary certificates
regarding current Health
condition, qualifications skills,
and Occupational health and
safety from the workers that
need to be engaged on this
project)
Office Document review Once.
To avoid possible
incidents.
Cost
calculated
in the
activity
roads in cooperation with
Supervision and institutiions.

Traffic
Monitoring activities stated in
the Traffic Management Plan
Office
On site
Stated in the Plan Quarterly Control of realization
of the plan

Constructor and Supervisor
controlled by Public enterprises
for national roads, Traffic
Inspectorate.


133

9 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
The project envisages extension with reconstruction of the existing carriageway, left
carriageway of the motorway A1 (E75) Smokvica-Gevgelija, section Smokvica-Prdejci.
Accordingly, one more lane of the already existing five lanes motorway will be constructed, in
order to get full motorway with six lanes in both directions (three lanes in direction).
With the construction of this section, the connectivity between Macedonia and Greece will be
greatly improved and finally, the completion of the motorway A1 (Pan European Corridor 10) in
the Republic of Macedonia will be enabled, on level of complete Motorway with 6 lanes, parallel
with finalizing of the project for construction of the section Demir Kapija-Smokvica. All of this will
contribute to improving of the economy, the economic development will be accelerated, safety
and, in general, the quality of the life of the people, not only in this part of the country, but also
wider.
The land on which the extension of the section is planned is state owned, which means that the
planned extension will not usurp fertile agricultural land, because the extension will be carried
out in the green area between the two carriageways, for which there is a projected space.
Based on the analysed activities was noted that project activities in the construction phase will
be a source of dust emissions, exhaust gases, volatile organic compounds, noise, vibration,
waste, etc. These issues, if are not handled properly can cause negative effects on the media
and the conditions in the environment and the health and safety of people.
During the performance of the activities can occur accidents and damages which can cause
contamination of the environment and can also affect the safety and security of people and
material goods.
Based on the presence of sensitive receptors along the route as most affected would be villages
Smokvica and Prdejci, users of the the motorway and local roads, rivers Kovanaska and Zuica,
local agricultural land, biodiversity and recorded material goods.
Planned project activities related to expanding the rehabilitation of the original lane, left carriage
way of the motorway A1 (E75) Smokvica-Gevgelija, section Smokvica-Prdejci, in the
construction phase will cause negative, direct, cumulative effects that may occur immediately or
after a certain period. Depending on the scope of action, the effects are assessed as local with
the opportunity for occurrence, and in terms of the duration from short-term to long-term. In
terms of intensity they are evaluated from low to high intensity.
In the operational phase will remain the same impacts on the environmental media and human
health which are present for decades, as a result of the design of the motorway and the
surrounding environment.


134

Construction of the new lane will reduce the green area that until now was used as area for
drainage of storm water and will increase waterproof area covered with the asphalt, which will
contribute to increase the quantity of storm water that have to be drained from the road. If
drainage structures are not performed and maintained properly can lead to flooding or can
cause erosion.
The motorway is a source of increased noise level in the environment. Construction of the new
lane will mean increased noise levels that may occur during periods of peaks (when in the same
time on the three lanes will drive vehicles), but on the other side, the reconstruction of the road
and the ability to reduce noise from the source, gives great possibility the existing noise levels
be reduced. Also the new lane in the future will be used for the rapid movement vehicles, so that
the lane that is closer to the settlements will be less loaded, that will increase the distance of 4-8
meters from the source that contributes to reducing the level of noise.
From the socio-economic aspect envisaged project activities in the operational phase will result
in traffic relief, increased safety during driving etc.
To mitigate the identified impacts, were proposed measures that should eliminate or mitigate
them. Measures at the same time may change some parts of the design/solutions.
Program and Plan for environmental management was prepared in order to harmonize the
measures, which will ensure that the proposed mitigation measures/mitigations are
implemented.
Environmental Protection Report includes a Monitoring Plan for assessment the level of project
implementation and effects of the implementation of measures to mitigate the impacts.
Conclusion:
Envisaged project activities related to extension with reconstruction of the existing
carriageway, left carriageway of the motorway A1 (E75) Smokvica-Gevgelija section
Smokvica-Prdejci in the construction phase will cause negative impacts that may occur
immediately or after certain period and reversible. Depending on the scope of action, the
effects are assessed as local with the opportunity for occurrence, and in terms of the
duration from short-term to long-term. In terms of intensity they are evaluated from low to
high intensity.
In the operational phase of the motorway, the sources of emissions are the same as in
the previous operation of the motorway.
To mitigate the identified impacts, are proposed measures that should eliminate or
mitigate them.


135

Recommendation:
During the design phase and implementation of construction activities to be taken into
consideration existing networks for water supply, waste water collection and irrigation, as
well as pipeline and to take appropriate measures to protect them.


136

10 ANNEXES

ANNEX 1
CERTIFICATE FROM THE CENTRAL REGISTER


137


138


139


140


141


142

ANNEX 2

LAYOUTS 1:1000

143


144


145


146


147

ANNEX 3
LIST OF BIRDS AND THEIR LEVEL OF DANGER AND PROTECTION


148

SPECIES PRESENCE CONSERVATION
Gevgelija

C
O
D
E

R
e
c
o
r
d
e
d

i
n

w
i
d
e
r

a
r
e
a

2
0
0
2
-
2
0
0
8

R
e
c
o
r
d
e
d

F
e
b
r
'
0
9

S
e
a
s
o
n
a
l

s
t
a
t
u
s

i
n

r
e
g
i
o
n

H
a
b
i
t
a
t

E
U

W
i
l
d
b
i
r
d

D
i
r
e
c
t
i
v
e

4
0
9
/
7
9

S
P
E
C

c
a
t
e
g
o
r
y

E
u
r
o
p
e
a
n

T
h
r
e
a
t

s
t
a
t
u
s

B
E
R
N

C
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n

B
O
N
N

C
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n

Tachybaptus ruficollis 00070 W R S III
Phalacrocorax carbo 00720 X X W R I S III
Phalacrocorax pygmeus 00820 X X W R I 1 S II II
Ixobrychus minutus 00980 BM Re I 3 (H) II II
Nycticorax nycticorax 01040 X M W I 3 H II
Ardeola ralloides 01080 X M W,S I 3 (D) II
Egretta garzetta 01190 X MW W,S I S II
Egretta alba 01210 X X W S,M I S II
Ardea cinerea 01220 X X MW S,M S III
Ardea purpurea 01240 X M Re I 3 (D) II II
Ciconia nigra 01310 X M S I 2 R II II
Ciconia ciconia 01340 X B S I 2 H II II
Plegadis falcinellus 01360 M R I 3 (D) II II
Anser albifrons 01590 X W M S III
Tadorna tadorna 01730 X MW M S II
Anas Penelope 01790 M Ri S III
Anas crecca 01840 M Ri (S) III
Anas platyrhynchos 01860 X X BMW Ri (S) III
Anas querquedula 01910 M Ri II/1 3 (D) III II
Pernis apivorus 02310 M A I (S) II II
Milvus migrans 02380 Ba W I 3 (VU) II II

149

Gevgelija

C
O
D
E

R
e
c
o
r
d
e
d

i
n

w
i
d
e
r

a
r
e
a

2
0
0
2
-
2
0
0
8

R
e
c
o
r
d
e
d

F
e
b
r
'
0
9

S
e
a
s
o
n
a
l

s
t
a
t
u
s

i
n

r
e
g
i
o
n

H
a
b
i
t
a
t

E
U

W
i
l
d
b
i
r
d

D
i
r
e
c
t
i
v
e

4
0
9
/
7
9

S
P
E
C

c
a
t
e
g
o
r
y

E
u
r
o
p
e
a
n

T
h
r
e
a
t

s
t
a
t
u
s

B
E
R
N

C
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n

B
O
N
N

C
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n

Neophron percnopterus 02470 X M R,A I 3* EN II II
Circaetus gallicus 02560 X Ba W,H I 3 (R) II II
Circus aeruginosus 02600 X X Ba?M Re I S II
Circus cyaneus 02610 X X MW M I 3 H II II
Circus macrourus 02620 M M I 1 (EN) II II
Circus pygargus 02630 X M M I S II II
Accipiter gentilis 02670 X M A S II
Accipiter nisus 02690 X X MW A S II
Accipiter brevipes 02730 X B W I 2 (VU) II II
Buteo buteo 02870 X X BMW M S II
Buteo rufinus 02880 X X R R,M I 3 (VU) II II
Aquila pomarina 02920 X Ba W,Ri I 2 (D) II II
Aquila heliaca 02950 X Ba M,W I 1 R II II
Hieraaetus pennatus 02980 X Ba M,W,H I 3 (R) II II
Pandion haliaetus 03010 M Ri I 3 R II II
Falco naumanni 03030 X BaM M I 1 H II II
Falco tinnunculus 03040 X X R M,H 3 D II II
Falco vespertinus 03070 M M,H I 3 (VU) II II
Falco columbarius 03090 W M,H I (S) II
Falco subbuteo 03100 X BM W (S) II
Falco eleonorae 03110 E W I 2 D II II

150

Gevgelija

C
O
D
E

R
e
c
o
r
d
e
d

i
n

w
i
d
e
r

a
r
e
a

2
0
0
2
-
2
0
0
8

R
e
c
o
r
d
e
d

F
e
b
r
'
0
9

S
e
a
s
o
n
a
l

s
t
a
t
u
s

i
n

r
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g
i
o
n

H
a
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t
a
t

E
U

W
i
l
d
b
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d

D
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e

4
0
9
/
7
9

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y

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r
o
p
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a
n

T
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e
a
t

s
t
a
t
u
s

B
E
R
N

C
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n

B
O
N
N

C
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n

Falco biarmicus 03140 Ra? R,M I 3 VU II II
Falco cherrug 03160 X Ra? Ri,M 1 EN II
Falco peregrinus 03200 Ra? R,A I S II II
Perdix perdix 03670 X R II/1 3 VU III
Coturnix coturnix 03700 BM M II/2 3 (H) III II
Rallus aquaticus 04070 B? Re (S) III
Porzana parva 04100 B? Re I (S) II II
Gallinula chloropus 04240 R Ri,Re S III
Fulica atra 04290 R Ri,Re (S) III
Haematopus ostralegus 04500 X Ba? Ri (S) III
Burhinus oedicnemus 04590 X B? S,M I 3 (VU) II II
Charadrius dubius 04690 X B S (S) II
Vanellus vanellus 04930 B?MW S,M 2 VU III
Calidris minuta 05010 M S (S) II
Calidris alpine 05120 M S 3 (H) II II
Philomachus pugnax 05170 M S I&II/2 2 (D) III II
Gallinago gallinago 05190 M S 3 (D) III
Tringa ochropus 05530 X X MW S S II
Tringa glareola 05540 M S I 3 H II II
Actitis hypoleucos 05560 X MW S 3 (D) III
Larus ridibundus 05820 X X MW Ri (S) III

151

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Larus cachinans 05927 X X MW Ri S
Sterna hirundo 06150 X B Ri I S II
Sterna albifrons 06240 X B Ri I 3 D II II
Chlidonias hybrida 06260 M Ri I 3 H II
Chlidonias niger 06270 M Ri I 3 (H) II II
Chlidonias leucopterus 06280 M Ri (S) II
Columba livia 06650 X Ra R,U (S) III
Columba oenas 06680 X Ra W II/2 S III
Columba palumbus 06700 X R W II/1&III/1 S
Streptopelia decaocto 06840 X X R U S III
Streptopelia turtur 06870 X B W,H II/2 3 D III
Cuculus canorus 07240 X B W,H S III
Tyto alba 07350 R? U 3 (D) II
Otus scops 07390 X B W 2 (H) II
Bubo bubo 07440 R R I 3 (H) II
Athene noctua 07570 X X R U 3 (D) II
Caprimulgus europaeus 07780 X Ba W,H I 2 (H) II
Apus apus 07950 Ba A (S) III
Apus melba 07980 M A S II
Alcedo atthis 08310 X R Ri I 3 H II
Merops apiaster 08400 X B Ri,H 3 (H) II II

152

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Coracias garrulous 08410 X B I 2 VU II II
Upupa epops 08460 X B W,H 3 (D) II
Picus viridis 08560 X R W 2 (H) II
Dendrocopos syriacus 08780 X R W,U I (S) II
Dendrocopos medius 08830 X R W I (S) II
Dendrocopos minor 08870 R W (S) II
Melanocorypha calandra 09610 X BMW M I 3 (D) II
Calandrella brachydactyla 09680 M M I 3 D II
Galerida cristata 09720 X X R M,A 3 (H) III
Alauda arvensis 09760 X W M II/2 3 (H) III
Riparia riparia 09810 X B Ri,S 3 (H) II
Hirundo rustica 09920 X B A 3 H II
Hirundo daurica 09950 X Ba A (S) II
Delichon urbica 10010 X Ba A 3 (D) II
Anthus campestris 10050 B? M I 3 (D) II
Anthus trivialis 10090 M H,W S II
Anthus pratensis 10110 W M (S) II
Anthus cervinus 10120 M S (S) II
Anthus spinoletta 10141 W S (S) II
Motacilla flava 10170 X B M (S) II
Motacilla cinerea 10190 X W S S II

153

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Motacilla alba 10200 X X BMW S S II
Troglodytes troglodytes 10660 X R H,W S II
Prunella modularis 10840 X W H S II
Erithacus rubecula 10990 X X W H,W S II II
Luscinia megarhynchos 11040 X B H,W (S) II II
Phoenicurus ochruros 11210 X W U S II
Phoenicurus phoenicurus 11220 M W 2 (H) II II
Saxicola rubetra 11370 X M M (S) II II
Saxicola torquata 11390 X X BMW H (S) II II
Oenanthe oenanthe 11460 M M 3 (D) II
Oenanthe hispanica 11480 Ba R 2 (H) II II
Monticola solitarius 11660 X R R 3 (H) II II
Turdus merula 11870 X R W,H II/2 S III II
Turdus pilaris 11980 W M II/2 (S) III II
Turdus philomelos 12000 X W W II/2 S III II
Cettia cetti 12200 X X R W,H S II
Acrocephalus schoenobaenus 12430 B? Re S II II
Acrocephalus scirpaceus 12510 B Re S II II
Acrocephalus arundinaceus 12530 X B Re (S) II
Hippolais pallida 12550 X B W,H 3 (H) II II
Hippolais olivetorum 12580 Ba W,H I (S) II II

154

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Hippolais icterina 12590 M W,H (S) II II
Sylvia cantillans 12650 X B W,H (S) II II
Sylvia melanocephala 12670 Ba H (S) II II
Sylvia hortensis 12720 X Ba H 3 H II II
Sylvia curruca 12740 M H S II
Sylvia communis 12750 X B H S II II
Sylvia borin 12760 M W,H S II II
Sylvia atricapilla 12770 X W W S II II
Phylloscopus orientalis 13070 M W 2 D II II
Phylloscopus sibilatrix 13080 M W 2 D II II
Phylloscopus collybita 13110 X MW W S II
Phylloscopus trochilus 13120 X M W,H S II
Muscicapa striata 13350 M A 3 H II II
Ficedula parva 13430 M W I (S) II
Ficedula semitorquata 13470 M W I 2 D II II
Ficedula albicollis 13480 M W I S II II
Ficedula hypoleuca 13490 M W S II II
Panurus biarmicus 13640 ? Re (S) II
Aegithalos caudatus 14370 R W S II
Parus lugubris 14410 R W (S) II
Parus caeruleus 14620 R W S II

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Parus major 14640 X X R W S II
Sitta europaea 14790 B? W S II
Sitta neumayer 14810 Ba R (S) II
Remiz pendulinus 14900 X B W (S) II
Oriolus oriolus 15080 X B W S II
Lanius collurio 15150 X B H I 3 (H) II
Lanius minor 15190 X B W I 2 (D) II
Lanius excubitor 15200 X X W M 3 (H) II
Lanius senator 15230 X B H 2 (D) II
Garrulus glandarius 15390 X R W S
Pica pica 15490 X X R A S
Corvus monedula 15600 X X R A II/2 (S)
Corvus frugilegus 15630 X W M,F (S)
Corvus corone 15673 X X R A S
Corvus corax 15720 X X R A S III
Sturnus vulgaris 15820 X X BMW A 3 D
Sturnus roseus 15840 X E A S II
Passer domesticus 15910 X X R A 3 D
Passer hispanoliensis 15920 X X R A (S) III
Passer montanus 15980 R A 3 (D) III
Fringilla coelebs 16360 X X BMW W S III

156

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Carduelis chloris 16490 X R W S II
Carduelis carduelis 16530 X X R W,H,F S II
Carduelis spinus 16540 W W S II
Carduelis cannabina 16600 X BMW M,H 2 D II
Emberiza cirlus 18580 X R H,W S II
Emberiza schoeniclus 18770 X X W Re S II
Emberiza melanocephala 18810 X H,M 2 (H) II
Miliaria calandra 18820 X X (D) III

* status is being revised

157

Table for explanation:
Seasonal status:
B Breeding
R Living and breeding
M Migration (migratory)
W Wintering
S Residence by summer
E Wandering
In a nearby area
? Status is not a reliable

SPEC: Species from European protection interest for which the criteria are determined by BIRDLIFE
INTERNATIONAL (Tucker et al 1994). The following categories of protection are different:
SPEC category 1 species occur in Europe, are of global conservation interest because their status in the world are
classified as globally threatened, dependent care or insufficient data
SPEC category 2 species whose global populations are concentrated in Europe, which have an unfavorable status of
protection in Europe
SPEC Category 3 species whose global populations are concentrated in Europe, but have an unfavorable status of
protection in Europe
No-SPEC (not listed) species, whose global populations are concentrated in Europe, but have a favorable protection
status in Europe

European status of threat:
Identified by BIRDLIFE INTERNATIONAL (2004)
CR = Critically Endangered,
EN = endangered, VU = vulnerable,
D = declining, R = rare, H = impoverished,
L = localized, DD = insufficient data
S = safety, NE = unassessed
() = Provisional status


158

ANNEX 4
CONSULTATION WITH STAKEHOLDERS

159


160


161


162

11 STATEMENT
With this statement we are applying for approving of the Environmental Protection Report in
accordance with Article 24 of the Law on Environment and appropriate regulations and under
the moral, material and criminal responsibility, we certify that the information given in this
application are true, valid and complete.
Applicant of the Environmental Protection Report:
Signed by: Public Enterprise for National Roads
(In the name of the organization)
Date: 6/13/2013
Name of signatory: Aleksandar Stojanov
Position in the organization: Assistant Director of Investments
Stamp and signature:

Autor of the Environmental Protection Report: Menka Spirovska
Signature: __________________________________
Position: Manager of the Company for environmental consulting "DEKONS-EMA"
Stamp:


163

12 REFERENCES
Spatial Plan of the Republic of Macedonia, 2004;
National Transport Strategy, Ministry of Transport and Communications, 2005;
National Water Strategy 2012-2014;
Sustainable Development Strategy of Gevgelija 2006-2011;
Rural Development Strategy of Gevgelija 2008-2013;
Action Plan for Social Protection Gevgelija, 2006;
IFC Guide for Environment, tollpays and roads;
IFC General Guide to Environmental, Health and Safety
Filipovski, G. Soils in the Republic of Macedonia;
Ornithological assessment of the Vardar Valley near Gevgelia, Ben Hellman 2009;
MEPP (2003) Study of the biodiversity in the Republic of Macedonia (First National
Report, Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning, Skopje);
MEPP (2008) Development of National Emerald Network in Macedonia, Report. Ministry
of Environment and Physical Planning, Skopje;
Annual reports from the State Statistical Office;
Annual Report from the processed data for the quality of environment, Ministry of
Environment and Physical Planning 2010;
National and international legislation;
Regions in the Republic of Macedonia, 2012 State Statistical Office;
Annual Statistics Database, 2012-State Statistical Office;
State Statistical Office - Census of Agriculture 2007;
Registered students in high schools and universities in the country in the 2011/2012 (first
cycle);
http://www.stat.gov.mk/pdf/2012/2.1.12.24.pdf.

Annex 1 - EPR Smokvica - Prdejci - ENG - FINAL

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Environmental Protection Report from realization of the Project-Extension with reconstruction of the existing carriageway, left

carriageway of the Motorway A1 (E75), Smokvica-Gevgelija, section Smokvica-Prdejci

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