LED count display on SEVEN segment LED using

8051 Microcontroller (AT89C51)

A project Report Submitted by:
BHIMANI PARTH


In fulfillment of Submissions
Of
PRACTICES IN INSTRUMENTATION & CONTROL
In
INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL
SEMESTER VI


Government Engineering College- Rajkot
Mavdi-Kankot Road, Kankot

APRIL 2014
Government Engineering College, Rajkot
Instrumentation And Control Engineering
2014

CERTIFIATE
Date:

This is to certify that Project entitled LED Count Display On SEVEN segment LED Using
8051 (AT89C1) Microcontroller has been carried out by PARTH BHIMANI

(Enrollment no: 110200117081)

under the guidance of Prashant Sir in the fulfillment of

submissions of PROCESS CONTROL of VI semester in Instrumentation And Control of Gujarat

Technical University during the academic semester 2014.













Prashant Sir
(Guide)








INTRODUCTION

AIM: This project has been designed to diplay the number of LEDs blinking on a
seven segment LED display.

WORKING:

In this project, The program is to blink various LEDs randomely. Now the same no.
of LEDs being blinked is numbered on seven segment LED display.

The Random output from microcontroller is given to LEDs hrough PORT 0. Now
same random HEX number output is also given on PORT 1 to be fed in form of
SEVEN segment LED format.

Thus ultimately it is the LED counter to be displayed on seven segment LED.









COMPONENT DESCRIPTION

MICROCONTROLLER - AT89C51:



The 8051 microcontroller generic part number actually includes a whole family of
microcontrollers that have numbers ranging from 8031 to 8751.

The block diagram of the 8051 shows all of the features unique to microcontrollers:
1. Internal ROM and RAM
2. I/O ports with programmable pins
3. Timers and counters
4. Serial data communication

The block diagram also shows the usual CPU components program counter, ALU, working
registers, and the clock circuits.

The 8051 architecture consists of these specific features:
1. 8 bit CPU with registers A and B
2. 16 bit PC &data pointer (DPTR)
3. 8 bit program status word (PSW)
4. 8 bit stack pointer(SP)
5. Internal ROM or EPROM (8751)of 0(8031)to 4k(8051)
6. Internal RAM of 128 bytes.
7. 4 register banks , each containing 8 registers
8. 80 bits of general purpose data memory
9. 32 input/output pins arranged as four 8 bit ports:P0-P3
10. Two 16 bit timer/counters:T0-T1
11. Two external and three internal interrupt sources
12. Oscillator and clock circuits

A pin out of the 8051 packaged in a 40 pin DIP is shown below.






Pin Diagram of 8051:















LED:


A light-emitting diode (LED) is a two-lead semiconductor light source that resembles a basic pn-
junction diode, except that an LED also emits light.
[7]
When an LED's anode lead has a voltage that
is more positive than its cathode lead by at least the LED's forward voltage drop, current
flows. Electrons are able to recombine with holes within the device, releasing energy in the form
of photons. This effect is called electroluminescence, and the color of the light (corresponding to the
energy of the photon) is determined by the energy band gap of the semiconductor.
An LED is often small in area (less than 1 mm
2
), and integrated optical components may be used to
shape its radiation pattern.
[8]

Appearing as practical electronic components in 1962,
[9]
the earliest LEDs emitted low-intensity
infrared light. Infrared LEDs are still frequently used as transmitting elements in remote-control
circuits, such as those in remote controls for a wide variety of consumer electronics. The first visible-
light LEDs were also of low intensity, and limited to red. Modern LEDs are available across
the visible,ultraviolet, and infrared wavelengths, with very high brightness.
Early LEDs were often used as indicator lamps for electronic devices, replacing small incandescent
bulbs. They were soon packaged into numeric readouts in the form of seven-segment displays, and
were commonly seen in digital clocks.
Recent developments in LEDs permit them to be used in environmental and task lighting. LEDs have
many advantages over incandescent light sources including lower energy consumption, longer
lifetime, improved physical robustness, smaller size, and faster switching. Light-emitting diodes are
now used in applications as diverse as aviation lighting, automotive headlamps, advertising,general
lighting, traffic signals, and camera flashes. However, LEDs powerful enough for room lighting are
still relatively expensive, and require more precise current and heat management than
compact fluorescent lamp sources of comparable output.
LEDs have allowed new text, video displays, and sensors to be developed, while their high switching
rates are also useful in advanced communications technology.




SEVEN SEGMENT LED:

A seven segment display is the most basic electronic display device that can display digits from 0-9.
They find wide application in devices that display numeric information like digital clocks, radio, microwave
ovens, electronic meters etc. The most common configuration has an array of eightLEDs arranged in a
special pattern to display these digits. They are laid out as a squared-off figure 8. Every LED is assigned
a name from 'a' to 'h' and is identified by its name. Seven LEDs 'a' to 'g' are used to display the numerals
while eighth LED 'h' is used to display the dot/decimal.

A seven segment is generally available in ten pin package. While eight pins correspond to the eight
LEDs, the remaining two pins (at middle) are common and internally shorted. These segments come in
two configurations, namely, Common cathode (CC) and Common anode (CA). In CC configuration, the
negative terminals of all LEDs are connected to the common pins. The common is connected to ground
and a particular LED glows when its corresponding pin is given high. In CA arrangement, the common pin
is given a high logic and the LED pins are given low to display a number. Find out more information about
a seven segment display and its working.


Pin Diagram: