(1, 0)

(2, 1)
y
x
(a)
4
4
3
1
1
2
2 2 3 1
2
1
3
4
(1, 1)
(2, 2)
y
x
(b)
4
4
3
1
1
2
2 2 3 1
2
1
3
4
(2, 0)
(3, 1)
y
x
(d)
4
4
3
1
1
2
2 2 3 1
2
1
3
4
(1, 0)
(2, 1)
y
x
(c)
4
3
1
1
2
2 3 4 2 1
2
1
3
4
pg219 [R] G1 5-36058 / HCG / Cannon & Elich cr 11-27-95 MP1
4.3 Properties of Logarithmic Functions 219
with several values of c and draw graphs. Describe how the
graphs change as c changes. (b) For what integer values of
c do the graphs pass between P and Q?
56. P5, 4, Q5, 7 57. P5, 4, Q5, 7
Exercises 5859 Your Choice From the family of func-
tions f x ce
kx
, where c and k are nonzero constants,
choose c and k so that f satises the specied conditions.
58. The graphs of f and f
1
intersect in (a) QI (b) QIII.
(c) Is there an f such that the graphs intersect in QIV?
Explain.
59. (a) The graphs of f and y x 2 intersect in QIII and
QIV.
(b) The graphs of f and y x intersect in QIII.
Exercises 6061 (a) Find a formula for f. (b) If the
graphs of f and f
1
intersect, nd the point of intersection.
Use parametric mode.
60. f
1
x log
3
4 x 61. f
1
x
2
4x
8
Exercises 6264 Domains, Ranges, Graphs Function f
has an inverse. (a) Find the domain and range of f.
(b) Find a formula for f
1
and give its domain and range.
62. f x
1
1 3
x
63. f x
3
x
1 3
x
64. f x
3
x
1 3
x
65. If f x 2
0.5x
and gx Intx solve f

gx 8.
(Hint: Use dot mode in a decimal window.)
66. Repeat Exercise 65 for f

gx 4.
4. 3 PROPERTIES OF LOGARITHMIC FUNCTIONS
If one remembers . . . the useful concepts . . . as well as the countless
misconceptions and errors that rigorous mathematical development avoids
without touching, then mathematics begins to resemble not as much a nerve
as the thread that Ariadne used to guide her lover Theseus out of the
Labryinth in which he slew the dreaded Minotaur.
Hans C. von Baeyer
As dened in the preceding section, logarithms are exponents, so we would expect
logarithms to have properties analogous to those of exponents. The list of some of
the most important properties of both logarithms and exponents emphasizes the
parallels between them.
Exercises 6770 Graph to Formula Use the graph of
y log
2
x to help match the function with one of the graphs
a, b, c, or d. Think in terms of translations and reections.
67. f x 1 log
2
x 68. f x log
2
x
69. f x log
2
x 1 70. f x log
2
x
pg220 [V] G2 5-36058 / HCG / Cannon & Elich cr 11-27-95 MP1
220 Chapter 4 Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
Properties of logarithms and exponents
Logarithms Exponents
L1. log
b
uv log
b
u log
b
v E1. b
u
b
v
b
uv
L2. log
b
u
v

log
b
u log
b
v E2.
b
u
b
v
b
uv
L3. log
b
u
p
plog
b
u E3. b
u

p
b
up
L4. log
b
1 0 and log
b
b 1 E4. b
0
1 and b
1
b
Because logarithmic functions are dened only for positive numbers, L1, L2,
and L3 are valid only when both u and v are positive.
Use the following equivalence statement to change a logarithmic equation
to an exponential equation, and vice versa:
y log
b
x is equivalent to b
y
x. (1)
We outline a proof of logarithm property L1; proofs for properties L2 and L3
are similar and are left as exercises (see Exercises 43 and 44). In words, property
L1 states that the logarithm of a product is the sum of the logarithms.
log
b
u s and log
b
v t.
In terms of exponents
u b
s
and v b
t
.
Since the equation in property L1 involves uv, multiply the two exponential equa-
tions and apply exponent property E1 to get
uv b
s
b
t
b
st
.
Returning to logarithmic form,
log
b
uv s t.
Replacing s and t by log
b
u and log
b
v,
log
b
uv log
b
u log
b
v
The rst three logarithm properties involve logarithms of products, quotients,
and powers. We do not give similar formulas for sums and differences because
there are no simple ways to express log
b
u v and log
b
u v in terms of log
b
u
and log
b
v. Similarly, for exponents, we have for instance, b
2
b
3
b
5
, but there
is no simpler expression for b
2
b
3
.
EXAMPLE 1 Using logarithmproperties Use properties L1 through L4
to evaluate
(a) log
3
81 (b) log
10
0.001 (c) log
3

1
3
.
Solution
We indicate under the equals sign the property that gives the equality. Follow the
strategy.
(a) log
3
81 log
3
3
4

L
3
4log
3
3
L
4
41 4, hence log
3
81 4.
I think it was during that
semester in Berkeley, when
I was not quite fteen,
that I really switched into
being serious about
mathematics. As soon as I
saw what geometry was
about, it was immediately
clear to me how the whole
thing workedI mean
absolutely clear. I could
visualize the gures rather
well, and I didnt have
any problemwith
understanding what proofs
were supposed to be.
Andrew M. Gleason
Strategy: Rewrite each ar-
gument as a power of the
base: 81 3
4
,
0.001 10
3
,
1
3
3
12
,
then use logarithm proper-
ties as appropriate.
pg221 [R] G1 5-36058 / HCG / Cannon & Elich cr 11-7-95 QC
4.3 Properties of Logarithmic Functions 221
(b) log
10
0.001 log
10
10
3

L
3
3log
10
10
L
4
31 3,
hence log
10
0.001 3.
(c) log
3

1
3

L
2
log
3
1 log
3
3
L
4
0 log
3
3
12

L
3

1
2
log
3
3
L
4

1
2
,
hence log
3

1
3

1
2

EXAMPLE 2 Using logarithmproperties Simplify.
(a) log
5
10 log
5
2 (b) log
7
3 4log
7
2
Solution
(a) log
5
10 log
5
2 log
5

10
2
log
5
5 1
L
2
L
4
(b) log
7
3 4log
7
2 log
7
3 log
7
2
4
log
7
3 log
7
16
L
3
log
7
3 16 log
7
48
L
1
It is important to learn to use logarithm properties L1 through L3 going from
right to left, as well as left to right. For instance, in Example 2b we used property
L3 to write
4log
7
2 log
7
2
4
,
L
3
and then we used property L1 to combine logarithms and get
log
7
3 log
7
16 log
7
3 16 log
7
48.
L
1
We call log
7
48 a simplied form of log
7
3 4log
7
2. In a similar manner,
using L1 and L3 gives
log
7
48 log
7
3 2
4
log
7
3 log
7
2
4
log
7
3 4log
7
2.
L
1
L
3
Thus, log
7
48 can be written as a sum of logarithms, log
7
3 4log
7
2.
EXAMPLE 3 Combining logarithms Simplify.
log
b
x 4 log
b
x 1 log
b
5.
Solution
log
b
x 4 log
b
x 1 log
b
5 log
b
x log
b
x 1
4
log
b
5
L
3
log
b
xx 1
4
log
b
5
L
1
log
b
xx 1
4
5 L
2
Hence, log
b
x 4 log
b
x 1 log
b
5 log
b
xx 1
4
5

EXAMPLE 4 Numerical approximations In the next section we will show
that four-place decimal approximations to log
5
3 and log
5
6 are:
log
5
3 0.6826 log
5
6 1.1133.
Use these values along with logarithm properties L1 through L4 to get three-
decimal place approximations for (a) log
5
2 and (b) log
5
18.
pg222 [V] G2 5-36058 / HCG / Cannon & Elich kr 11-13-95 QC1
222 Chapter 4 Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
Solution
Follow the strategy.
(a) log
5
2 log
5

6
3
log
5
6 log
5
3
1.1133 0.6826
0.4307.
Therefore, log
5
2 0.431 to three decimal places.
(b) log
5
18 log
5
3 6 log
5
3 log
5
6
0.6826 1.1133
1.7959.
Hence, log
5
18 1.796.
EXAMPLE 5 Using properties to solve equations Solve
(a) log
4
x log
4
x 1
1
2
(b) log
4
x log
4
x 1
1
2
.
Solution
(a) Follow the strategy,
log
4
x log
4
x 1
L
2
log
4
x
x 1

so the given equation can be written as

log
4
x
x 1

1
2
,
x
x 1
4
12
, or
x
x 1
2.
Solving for x, we nd that x 2. Since log
4
2 and log
4
2 1 are both
dened, we know that 2 belongs to the replacement set for the original equation
and therefore 2 is the desired solution.
(b) As in part (a), the given equation can be written as
log
4
x
x 1

1
2
,
x
x 1
4
12
, or
x
x 1
2.
In this case, when we solve for x we nd x 2. However, if we replace x with
2, the left side involves log
4
2 and log
4
2 1, neither of which is
dened. Since 2 is not in the replacement set for the original equation, it
cannot be the solution. The given equation has no solution.
Example 5 illustrates an important point. Properties L1, L2, and L3 are valid
for only positive values of all arguments; logarithmic functions are dened for only
positive arguments. We could check the domains at each step, but it is good enough
to check the nal result in the original equation.
EXAMPLE 6 A logarithmic equation Solve the equation
2 log
9
x 2 log
9
x 2 1.
Strategy Write each of 2
and 18 as a product, quo-
tient, power, etc. in terms of
the numbers 3 and 6, whose
logarithms we have: 2
6
3
,
18 3 6, then use the
properties of logarithms.
Strategy Combine the
terms on the left by using
property L2 to get a single
logarithm equal to a con-
stant, then express the result
in exponential form. Since
property L2 applies only to
positive numbers, check all
results in the original equa-
tion.
pg223 [R] G1 5-36058 / HCG / Cannon & Elich cr 11-7-95 QC
4.3 Properties of Logarithmic Functions 223
Solution
Divide through by 2 and write the left side in simpler form:
log
9
x log
9
x 2
1
2
, log
9
xx 2
1
2
.
In exponential form,
xx 2 9
12
, x
2
2x 3, or x
2
2x 3 0.
Solutions to the quadratic equation are 1 and 3. Since the domain of the original
equation is the set of positive numbers, 1 is a solution but 3 is not.
EXAMPLE 7 Logarithms and sums Find the solution set for
(a) log
2
8
x
8
x
x 1 (b) log
2
8
x
8
x
3x 1
(c) log
2
8
x
8
x
3x.
Solution
To simplify all three equations, begin with the expression 8
x
8
x
8
x
8
x
2 8
x
2 2
3

x
2 2
3x
2
3x1
from which log
2
8
x
8
x
log
2
2
3x1
3x 1. Since 8
x
8
x
is positive for
every x in R, log
2
8
x
8
x
3x 1 for every real number. In each case, replace
log
2
8
x
8
x
by 3x 1 and solve the resulting equation.
(a) 3x 1 x 1, so x 1; the solution set is 1.
(b) 3x 1 3x 1, which is an identity, so the solution set is R.
(c) 3x 1 3x, or 0 x 1. The solution set is the empty set.
EXAMPLE 8 Domains of logarithmic functions If
f x log
3
x
2
5x 6 and gx log
3
x 2 log
3
x 3, then nd the
domain of each function. Are functions f and g equal? Explain.
Solution
Follow the strategy. To nd the domain of function f , solve the inequality
x
2
5x 6 0, or x 2x 3 0.
The solution set is x x 2 or x 3, so the domain of f is , 2 3, .
For the function g, the strategy emphasizes that both x 2 and x 3. The
solution set is x x 3, so the domain of g is 3, .
Finally, since functions f and g have different domains, they cannot be equal.
However, f x gx for all x 3.
EXAMPLE 9 Finding an inverse function If f x lnx 1 2,
(a) Find a formula for f
1
. Graph f and f
1
on the same screen.
(b) Describe the graphs in terms of transformations of the natural exponential and
logarithmic functions.
Solution
(a) Using the algorithm from Section 2.7, we write y f x, interchange vari-
ables, and solve for y.
y lnx 1 2
x lny 1 2
lny 1 x 2
Strategy: There is no for-
mula to simplify the loga-
rithm of a sum, rewrite
8
x
8
x
as a power of 2 (the
base) and then simplify.
Strategy: The domain of
the log
3
function is the set of
positive real numbers. For f
this requires x
2
5x 6
0, and for g, both x 2 0
and x 3 0.
(2, 2)
y
x
f(x) = ln(x 1) + 2
f
1
(x) = e
x 2
+ 1
[ 5, 5] by [ 3.5, 3.5]
y = 2 log
3
x
y = 1 + log
2
x
(1.5, 1.6)
pg224 [V] G2 5-36058 / HCG / Cannon & Elich cr 11-27-95 MP1
224 Chapter 4 Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
By Equation (1), the last equation is equivalent to
e
x2
y 1, or y e
x2
1.
Thus the inverse function is given by
f
1
x e
x2
1.
The graphs of f and g are shown in Figure 20.
(b) The graph of f is the graph of the natural logarithmic function shifted 1 unit
right and 2 units up. The inverse of the natural logarithmic function is the
natural exponential function, so the graph of f
1
is the graph of the natural
exponential function shifted 2 units right and 1 unit up.
EXAMPLE 10 Finding an intersection of calculator graphs Find the
coordinates (one decimal place) of the point of intersection of the graphs of f x
1 log
2
x and gx 2 log
3
x.
Solution
Follow the strategy. We use the algorithm to nd formulas for f
1
and g
1
, inter-
changing x and y and then solving for y:
f: y 1 log
2
x, log
2
y x 1, y 2
x1
, and so f
1
x 2
x1
.
g: y 2 log
3
x, log
3
y 2 x, y 3
2x
, and so g
1
x 3
2x
.
We want to use parametric equations to graph the inverses of f
1
and of g
1
, thus
giving us the graphs of f and g. In parametric mode, enter X1 2

(T 1), Y1 T for
f , X2 3

(2 T) , Y2 T for g.
A calculator graph is shown in Figure 21. Tracing and zooming as necessary,
we nd that the intersection point is approximately (1.5, 1.6).
EXAMPLE 11 Answering medical questions The concentration Ct of
a drug in the bloodstream (in mg/cm
3
) is given by Ct 0.03te
0.01t
, where t is the
number of minutes after injection. (a) In how many minutes after injection will the
concentration reach 0.5 mg/cm
3
? (b) At what time will the concentration be the
greatest?
Solution
(a) We want a graph of Y .03Xe

(.01X), but we must nd a reasonable window rst.

If we evaluate the function at several values of x, we can get a feeling for how
large the y-values are and when the concentration seems to be increasing and
decreasing. Some typical values are listed in the table:
Strategy: At this point, we
cannot graph y log
b
x di-
rectly, but we can graph its
inverse. Find formulas for
f
1
and g
1
and then graph
their inverses parametrically,
because f is the inverse of
f
1
.
FIGURE 20
FIGURE 21
[0, 160] by [0, 1.5]
(100, 1.10)
C(t) = 0.03te
0.01t
pg225 [R] G1 5-36058 / HCG / Cannon & Elich cr 11-14-95 QC2
4.3 Properties of Logarithmic Functions 225
x 5 10 20 40 80 120 160
y 0.14 0.27 0.49 0.80 1.08 1.08 0.97
From the table, it looks as if a 0, 160 0, 1.5 window should show us
the information we need. A calculator graph is shown in Figure 22. We trace
to nd when y is 0.5 and nd that x is between 20 and 21, which means that
the concentration will reach 0.5 mg/cm
3
in just over 20 minutes.
(b) We could zoom in to locate the highest point on the curve more precisely, but
the coordinates we read as we trace near the high point indicate that the
concentration is not changing very rapidly there. The high point appears to be
near (100, 1.10), so we conclude that after 100 minutes, the maximumconcen-
tration will be about 1.10 mg/cm
3
.
EXERCISES 4. 3
Check Your Understanding
Exercises 15 True or False. Give reasons.
1. log
5
2 3
1
2
log
5
2 log
5
3.
2. The graph of y 2
x
and y log
2
x 2 intersect
at (0, 1).
3. The graph of y log
4
4x is the same as the graph of
y 1 log
4
x.
4. The graph of y log
2
4x can be drawn by translating
the graph of y log
2
x up 2 units.
5. For every real number x, log
2
2x 1 log
2
x.
Exercises 610 Fill in the blank so that the resulting
statement will be true.
6. The domain of f x log
2
x 2 log
2
1 x is
.
7. The sum of all the prime numbers between log
2
0.5 and
log
2
256 is .
8. If f x log
4
x then f
1
x .
9. The graphs of y 3
x
and y log
3
x intersect in
Quadrant .
10. The integers between log
2
1 and log
2
128 are .
Develop Mastery
Exercises 12 Logarithm to Exponent (a) Express the
equation in exponential form. (b) Use the properties of log-
arithms to nd a simpler expression for k.
1. (a) k log
3
33 (b) k log
5
5
3
25
2. (a) k log
e
e
2
e (b) k log
e

e
e 3

Exercises 35 Combining Logarithms Simplify. See
Example 2.
3. (a) log
3
6 log
3
2 (b) log
7
2 3 log
7
3
4. (a) 2 log
3
2
1
2
log
3
4 (b) 3 log
5
2
1
4
log
5
16
5. (a) log
10
50 2 log
10
5 (b)
2
3
log
2
27 3 log
2
4
Exercises 68 Using Logarithm Properties Use proper-
ties of logarithms to write the expression as a sum or differ-
ence.
6. (a) log
3
2x
3
(b) log
4
16
x
4

7. (a) log
5
x x
2
4 (b) log
5
25x x
2
1
8. (a) log
2
8x
2
x
2
1

(b) log
3
9xx 1
Exercises 910 Using Logarithm Properties Simplify.
9. (a) 2 log
3
x log
3
x 2
(b) log
5
3 log
5
x log
5
x
10. (a)
1
2
log
3
x
2
2 log
3
x log
3
4
(b)
3
2
log
5
x
2
log
5
3 2 log
5
x
Exercises 1114 If log
10
2 u and log
10
3 v, express in
terms of u and v.
11. (a) log
10
5, (b) log
10

1
5

12. (a) log

10
30, (b) log
10
1.5
13. (a) log
10
3
18, (b) log
10
24
14. (a) log
10
16
27
, (b) log
10
80
FIGURE 22
pg226 [V] G2 5-36058 / HCG / Cannon & Elich kr 11-13-95 QC1
226 Chapter 4 Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
Exercises 1518 If log
b
5 u and log
b
45 v, express in
terms of u and v.
15. (a) log
b
9, (b) log
b
3
16. (a) log
b
15, (b) log
b
1.8
17. (a) log
b
25, (b) log
b
135
18. (a) log
b
1
3
, (b) log
b
1.8
Exercises 1926 Roots of Logarithmic Equations
Solve. Check to see that your solutions are in the domain of
the original equation. See Examples 5 and 6.
19. log
3
x 1 log
3
x 1
20. 2 log
2
x log
2
32 1
21. log
4
2x 3 log
4
x 2
22. log
3
2x 3 log
3
x log
3
5
23. log
2
x log
2
x 2 3
24. log
4
3x 2 log
4
2x log
4
3
25. log
3
x 8 log
3
x 2
26. log
5
4x log
5
2x 1 0
Exercises 2728 Domain Determine the domain of the
function.
27. (a) f x log
3
x 3 5
(b) f x log
5
x
2
2x
28. (a) gx log
7
4x x
2

(b) gx log
4
x 3 log
4
2 x
29. For what values of x is log
5
x
2
3x 4 equal to
log
5
x 4 log
5
x 1?
30. (a) For what values of x is log
3
x
2
equal to 2 log
3
x?
(b) For what values of x is log
3
x
2
equal to
2 log
3
x?
(c) For what values of x is log
3
x
2
equal to
2 log
3
x ?
Exercises 3134 Points of Intersection Draw graphs of
f and g on the same screen. Find the coordinates ( 2 decimal
places) of the point of intersection.
31. f x 2 ln x, gx 2 e
x
32. f x 2 ln x, gx e
0.5x
33. f x 2 ln x, gx 3 ln x
34. f x 2 ln x, gx 3 ln x
Exercises 3536 Intercept Points Find the coordinates
( 2 decimal places) of the x-intercept points of the graph of
f algebraically. Check graphically.
35. f x 0.5 lnx 1
36. f x 2 ln x ln4 x
Exercises 3740 Graphs and Zeros Draw graphs of f
and g separately. Use graphs to nd the zero(s) of (a) f
the zero(s) of (a) f (b) g. Explain why f and g do not have the
same zeros.
37. f x lnx 2 lnx 4,
gx lnx 2x 4
38. f x lnx 3 lnx 1,
gx lnx 3x 1
39. f x lnx
2
3 ln2x 1,
gx ln
x
2
3
2x 1
40. f x lnx
2
5 ln2x 3,
gx ln
x
2
5
2x 3
Exercises 4142 Compare Graphs Draw graphs of f
and g separately. (a) Explain why the graphs are not iden-
tical. (b) For what values of x do the graphs coincide?
41. f x ln x
2
, gx 2 ln x
42. f x ln2x 3x 3,
gx ln2x 3 lnx 3
43. Prove the validity of logarithm property L2.
44. Prove the validity of logarithm property L3.
45. If a 8 and b 16, show that log
2
ab is not equal to
log
2
alog
2
b.
46. If a 16 and b 8, show that log
2

a
b
is not equal to
log
2
a
log
2
b
.
47. If c 4 and n 3, show that log
2
c
n
is not equal to
log
2
c
n
.
Exercises 4850 Find the solution set. See Example 7.
48. (a) log
2
2
x
2
x
x 1
(b) log
3
3
x
3
x
1
49. (a) log
3
3
x
3
x
x
(b) log
3
3
x
3
x
3
x
x 1
50. (a) log
4
4
x
4
x
2x
(b) log
2
4
x
4
x
x
51. Show that log
3
3 2 log
3
3 2.
52. Show that log
5
6 5 log
5
6 5.
53. Show that for any positive number k,
log
b
k 1 k log
b
k 1 k.
Exercises 5455 Given that function f has an inverse, nd
an equation that describes f
1
. What is the domain of f ?
(Hint: Use the algorithm in Section 2.7.)
54. f x log
2
x
2
1 x
55. f x log
3
x
2
1 x
pg227 [R] G1 5-36058 / HCG / Cannon & Elich cr 11-27-95 MP1
4.4 Computations with Logarithmic and Exponential Functions 227
Exercises 5657 Maximum Value (a) For what val-
ue(s) of x is y equal to 36 (one decimal place)? (b) What
value of x will give a maximum value of y? What is the
maximum value? (Hint: The window 0, 300 0, 60
should give you a start.)
56. y 4 xe
0.01x
57. y 6 x 3
0.01x
58. Maximum Concentration The concentration C of a
drug in the bloodstream at t minutes after injection is
given by
C 0.036te
0.015t
mgcm
3
.
(a) In how many minutes will the concentration reach
0.6 mg/cm
3
?
(b) How many minutes after injection will the concen-
tration be the greatest? What is the maximum con-
centration? See Example 11.
59. True or False Draw graphs to support your answer.
Assume that L is a line.
(a) If L and the graph of y ln x intersect at two
points, then the slope of L must be positive.
(b) If L and the graph of y e
x
intersect at two
points, then the slope of L must be positive.
60. Explore For what integer values (positive and nega-
tive) of c will the graphs of y 1
x
c
and y ln x
intersect at (a) exactly one point? (b) two points?
4. 4 COMPUTATIONS WITH LOGARITHMIC
AND EXPONENTIAL FUNCTIONS
Galileos observation that all bodies accelerate equally in the Earths gravity is
counterintuitive precisely because it is usually wrong. Everybody knows that a
lump of coal falls faster than a feather. Galileos genius was in spotting that
the differences which occur in reality are an incidental complication caused by
air resistance, and are irrelevant to the properties of gravity as such.
P. W. C. Davies
Because logarithms are exponents, evaluation in exact form is possible only in
special cases. We can, for example, evaluate log
3
(93) in exact form because 93
is a power of the base 3:
93 3
52
, so log
3
93
5
2
.
More generally, we need assistance to approximate logarithms. This section
covers the use of calculators to evaluate logarithmic and exponential functions
to any base. All scientic calculators are programmed to evaluate the natural
61. Explore For what integer values (positive and nega-
tive) of c will the graphs of y cx 3 and y 2
x
6
intersect at (a) exactly one point? (b) two points?
62. Explore What is the smallest prime number c for
which the graph of y cx 5 will intersect the graph
of y 3
x
5 at exactly two points?
63. Your Choice Give a formula for a linear function f
(with nonzero slope) that satises the specied condi-
tions.
(a) The graphs of f and y ln x intersect in Quadrant I
and Quadrant IV.
(b) The graphs of f and y e
x
intersect in Quadrant I
and Quadrant II.
64. Your Choice From the family of functions f x
c lnkx, where c and k are nonzero constants, select c
and k so that f satises the specied condition.
(a) The graph of f intersects the graph of y 2x 4
at two points.
(b) The graphs of f and of y x 4 intersect in QII.
Exercises 6566 Is It a Function? Explain what you
observe when you graph the equation.
65. y lnx
2
2x 3
66. y lnx 3 ln2 x