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Maoke, John Mark O.

BSAM – III

Mathematical Statistics – Final Exam

1. What are the median, and mode, respectively, for the density function
1
𝑓(𝑥) = , −∞ < 𝑥 < ∞ ?
𝜋(1 + 𝑥 2 )
Solution:

Median:
M

 f ( x)dx  0
0
M
1
  (1  x
0
2
)
dx  0

M
1 1
  (1  x
0
2
)
dx  0

M
1 1
tan ( x) 0 Therefore, median = 0
 0

tan 1 ( M )  0
M  tan(0)
M 0
Mode:

d
f ( x)  0
dx
d  1 
 2 
0
dx   (1  x ) 
 (2 x)
0 Hence, Mode = 0.
 (1  x 2 ) 2
2

(2 x)
0
 (1  x 2 ) 2
2 x  0
x  0,

John Mark Maoke


 3x 2 
 , for 0  x  2 
2. A continuous random variable X has density f ( x)   8  . What is the
0, otherwise 
 
probability that X is greater than its 75th percentile?

Solution:
First, we will get the 75th percentile of f ( x)
P75
3
0.75   8 x dx
2
then,
0
2
3
P ( X  P75 )   8 x dx
P75
3  x3 
2

0.75    p75
8 3 0
2
3
P ( X  1.82)   8 x dx
2
0.75   P753  03 
1
1.82
8
2
P 3 3  x3 
0.75  75 P ( X  1.82)   
8 8 3  1.82
8(0.75)  P753
3   2  1.82  
3 3

P75  6
3 P ( X  1.82)    
8  3 3 

3
P753  3 6 3
P ( X  1.82)  (0.657144)
P75  1.82 8
P ( X  1.82)  0.25

John Mark Maoke


3. A discrete random variable X has probability density function of the form
𝑐(8 − 𝑥) 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 0,1,2,3,4,5
𝑓(𝑥) = { }
0 𝑂𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
a. Find the constant c.

Solution:

Since f ( x)  0, then c  0.

since  f ( x)  1.
x

f (0)  f (1)  f (2)  f (3)  f (4)  f (5)  1


c  8  7  6  5  4  3  1
33c  1
1
c
33
b. Find P(X>2).

Solution:

P  X  2   P(3)  P(4)  P(5)


5 4 3
P  X  2   
33 33 33
12
P  X  2 
33
c. Find the expected value E(X) for the random variable X.
Solution:
5
E( X )   X f ( X )
x 0

E ( X )  0 f (0)  1 f (1)  2 f (2)  3 f (3)  4 f (4)  5 f (5)


7 12 15 16 15
E( X )  0     
33 33 33 33 33
65
E( X )   1.97
33

John Mark Maoke


4. A box is to be constructed so that the height is 10 inches and its base is X inches by X inches. If X
has a uniform distribution function over the interval [2, 8], then what is the expected value of
the box in cubic inches?

Solution:

The density function of X is given by


1 
 from 2  x  8
f ( x)   6 
0 otherwise 
The volume of the box is 10x 2 and the expected value of the volume is
8
1
E (10 x 2 )   10 x 2  dx
2
6
8
5 2
3 2
E (10 x 2 )  x dx

8
5  x3 
E (10 x )   
2

3 3  2

E (10 x 2 ) 
9
8  2 
5 3 3

5
E (10 x 2 )  (504)
9
E (10 x )  280 cubic inches
2

John Mark Maoke


5. Let X be a random variable of the population with mean E(X) =  and variance  2 . Find the
1 n
expected value and variance of the sample mean x   xi .
n i 1

Expected value
Solution:

1 n
x  xi
n i 1
1 n 
E ( x )  E   xi 
 n i 1 
1
E ( x )  [ E ( x1 )  E ( x2 )   E ( xi )] xi are identically distributed,
n
1
E ( x )  (     ...   ) which means they have the same mean 
n
1
E ( x )  (n ) since there are n number of  ' s
n
E(x )  

Variance

Solution:

1 n
x  xi
n i 1
1 n 
Var ( x )  Var   xi 
 n i 1 
1 1 1 
Var ( x )  Var  ( x1 )  ( x2 )   ( xi ) 
n n n 
1
Var ( x )  2 [Var ( x1 )  Var ( x2 )   Var ( xi )] xi are identically distributed,
n
1
Var ( x )  2 ( 2   2  ...   2 ) which means they have the same variance  2
n
1
Var ( x )  2 (n 2 ) since there are n number of  2 ' s
n
1
Var ( x )   2
n

John Mark Maoke

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