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- Page 2 -
- Wooldridge, Jeffrey M. (2009), Introductory Econometrics: A Modern Approach 4
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Edition, South-
Western ed.

A good background reading for the lectures on labor markets, entrepreneurship and education is:
- Boserup, Esther (2007), Womans Role in Economic Development, Earthscan ed.

Another interesting background reference is:
- Folbre, Nancy (1986), Cleaning House: New Perspectives on Households and Economic
Development, Journal of Development Economics 22: 5-40.


Grading

The grading will be based on (a) class participation (10%) (b) a student presentation (25%, by group of 2
students) (c) a term paper (65%, individual).
- Presentation: youll have to choose a recent paper from the reading list among those marked with a
(P). Presentations will be at the end of each lecture, will last around 15 minutes and will be
followed by a general discussion. Papers from outside the reading list can be presented upon my
approval.
- Paper: 10-12 pages max. The paper should contain a clear research question, hypothesis, references
and a conclusion. The methodology is open, i.e. it can be a quantitative or qualitative work. More
guidelines can be found on the website.

The reading list below may be updated: see website for the more recent version

Abbreviations (name of journals)
AER: American Economic Review; EER: European Economic Review; EMA: Econometrica; JIE: Journal
of International Economics; JPE: Journal of Political Economy; JDE: Journal of Development
Economics. JEL: Journal of Economic Literature; NBER: National Bureau of Economic Research
(nber.org); QJE: Quarterly Journal of Economics, RESTAT: Review of Economics and Statistics; RES:
Review of Economic Studies



OUTLINE



LECTURE 1. INTRODUCTION: ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT
(September 23)

Required Readings:

Duflo, Esther (2012), Womens Empowerment and Economic Development, Womens
Empowerment and Economic Development, Journal of Economic Literature, Vol. 50, No. 4: 1051-79,
CEPR Discussion Paper No. 8734.

- Page 3 -

Sen, Amartya (1990), More than 100 Million Women are Missing, New York Review of Books, Dec 23.

Other Readings:

Bandiera, Oriana, and Ashwini Natraj (2013), Does Gender Inequality Hinder Development and
Economic Growth? Evidence and Policy Implications, World Bank Research Observer, 28: 2-21.




LECTURE 2. GENDER GAPS (September 30)

What are gender gaps? What are the mechanisms through which gender gaps emerge? Why are gender
gaps more pronounced in low income countries?

Required Readings:

Closing the Gap: Special Report on Women and Work, the Economist, November 2011.

Hausmann, Ricardo, Ina Ganguli and Martina Viarengo (2009), The Dynamics of the Gender Gap: How
do Countries Rank in terms of Making Marriage and Motherhood Compatible with Work?, Published in
the Global Gender Gap Report 2009, Geneva: World Economic Forum Publication.

Other Readings:

2012 World Development Report on Gender Equality and Development, Washington DC: World Bank
Publication.

Goldin, Claudia (1990), Understanding the Gender Gap, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Goldin, Claudia (2006), The Quiet Revolution That Transformed Women's Employment, Education, and
Family American Economic Review, Papers and Proceedings 96: 1-21.

Bertrand, Marianne, Claudia Goldin and Lawrence F. Katz (2010), Dynamics of the Gender Gap for
Young Professionals in the Financial and Corporate Sectors, American Economic Journal: Applied
Economics 2(3): 228-55.

Blau, Francine and Lawrence Kahn (2003), Understanding International Differences in the Gender Pay
Gap, Journal of Labor Economics 21(1): 106-44.

The Global Gender Gap Report 2012, World Economic Forum:
http://www.weforum.org/reports/global-gender-gap-report-2012

Gender and Development, World Bank: http://go.worldbank.org/6MGA8V2TN0

GenderStats, World Bank: http://go.worldbank.org/YMPEGXASH0




- Page 4 -

LECTURE 3. EVALUATION OF INTERVENTIONS AND POLICY IMPACT (October 7)

What is program evaluation? What are the techniques used to estimate the causal effect of policy
interventions?

Required Readings:

Ashraf, Nava, Erica Field and Jean Lee (2010), Household Bargaining and Excess Fertility: An
Experimental Study in Zambia Mimeo, Harvard Business School.

Field E. (2005), Fertility Responses to Land Titling: The Role of Ownership Security and the Distribution
of Household Assets Mimeo, Harvard University.

Other Readings:

Imbens, Guido W., and Jeffrey M. Wooldridge (2009), Recent Developments in the Econometrics of
Program Evaluation, Journal of Economic Literature 47(1): 5-86.

Carrell, Scott E., Marianne E. Page, and James E. West (2010), Sex and Science: How Professor Gender
Perpetuates the Gender Gap, Quarterly Journal of Economics 125(3): 1101-44.

Goldin, Claudia and Cecilia Rouse (2000), Orchestrating Impartiality: The Impact of Blind Auditions on
Female Musicians, American Economic Review 90(4): 715-41.




LECTURE 4. HOUSEHOLD FORMATION AND MARRIAGE MARKETS (October 14)

What are the factors that affect household formation? What is the process by which households are
formed? What is the role of transfers such as bride-prices and dowries?

Required Readings:

Fafchamps, Marcel and Agnes R. Quisumbing (2008), Household Formation and Marriage Markets in
Rural Areas published in: T. Paul Schultz and John A. Strauss (eds.) Handbook of Development
Economics, Elsevier, Edition 1, 4(5): 3188-247.

Becker, Gary S. (1981), A Treatise on the Family, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, Chapters
2-3.

Other Readings:

Quisumbing, Agnes R. (2003), Household Decisions, Gender, and Development: A Synthesis of Recent
Research, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC.

Boulier, Brian L. and Mark R. Rosenzweig (1984), Schooling, Search, and Spouse Selection: Testing
Economic Theories of Marriage and Household Behavior, Journal of Political Economy 92(4): 71232.


- Page 5 -
Jacoby, Hanan G. (1995), The Economics of Polygyny in Sub-Saharan Africa: Female Productivity and
the Demand for Wives in Cote dIvoire, Journal of Political Economy 103(5): 93871.

Botticini, Maristella and Aloysius Siow (2003). Why Dowries? American Economic Review 93(4): 1385
98.

Isen, Adam and Betsey Stevenson (2010), Womens Education and Family Behavior: Trends in Marriage,
Divorce and Fertility NBER Chapters, in: Demography and the Economy, pages 107-140. Cambridge,
MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.

-(P) Fafchamps, Marcel, Agnes R. Quisumbing (2005), Marriage, Bequest, and Assortative Matching in
Rural Ethiopia, Economic Development and Cultural Change 53(2): 34780.




LECTURE 5. INTRA-HOUSEHOLD ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES (October 21)

How are resources allocated within the household? Is the evidence consistent with a Pareto efficient
allocation? Does the identity of the income earner have an effect on the use of resources?

Required Readings:

Bohnet, Iris and Fiona Greig (2009), Exploring Gendered Behavior in the Field with Experiments: Why
Public goods are Provided by Women in a Nairobi Slum, Journal of Economic Behavior and
Organization 70(1): 1-9.

Udry, Christopher (1996), Gender, Agricultural Production, and the Theory of the Household, Journal
of Political Economy 104(5): 1010-45.


Other Readings:

Duflo, Esther (2003), Grandmothers and Granddaughters: Old Age Pension and Intra-Household
Allocation in South Africa, World Bank Economic Review 17(1): 1-25.

Duflo, Esther, and Christopher Udry (2004), Intra-Household Resource Allocation in Cote dIvoire:
Social Norms, Separate Accounts, and Consumption Choices NBER Working Paper No. 10498.
Strauss, John A., and Duncan Thomas (1995), Human Resources: Empirical Modeling of Household and
Family Decisions, in Thirukodikaval Nilakanta Srinivasan and Jere Behrman (eds.) Handbook of
Development Economics, Amsterdam: North Holland, 3A: 1885-2023.

Lundberg, Shelly and Robert A. Pollak (1996), Bargaining and Distribution in Marriage Journal of
Economic Perspectives 10(4):139-58.

-(P) Anderson, Siwan and Jean-Marie Baland. (2002), The Economics of Roscas and Intra-Household
Resource Allocation, Quarterly Journal of Economics 117(3): 963-95.

-(P) Ashraf, Nava (2009), Spousal Control and Intra-Household Decision Making: An Experimental
Study in the Philippines, American Economic Review 99(4): 1245-77.


- Page 6 -
-(P) Alesina, Alberto, Paola Giuliano, and Nathan Nunn. (2013) On the Origin of Gender Roles: Women
and the Plough, Quarterly Journal of Economics 128, no. 2: 469-530.




LECTURE 6. THE ROLE AND GLOBAL PLAN OF ACTION OF INTERNATIONAL
ORGANIZATIONS (October 28)

Guest Speaker: Nicolette Moodie, Human Rights and Gender Liaison Officer of the Gender and Rights
Unit, Programme Division at the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)




LECTURE 7. EDUCATION (November 4)

What are the private returns and social externalities associated with womens education? What are the
consequences of parents investment decisions on womens life chances? What is the impact of
interventions?

Required Readings:

Hanushek, Eric (2008), Schooling, Gender Equity, and Economic Outcomes, Chapter 2 in Tembon,
Mercy and Lucia Fort (eds.), Girls Education in the 21st Century: Gender Equality, Empowerment and
Economic Growth, Washington DC: World Bank Publication.

Duncan, Thomas (1994), Like Father, Like Son, or, Like Mother, Like Daughter: Parental Education and
Child Health, Journal of Human Resources 29(4): 950-88.

Schultz, Paul T. (2004), School Subsidies for the Poor: Evaluating the Mexican Progresa Poverty
Program, Journal of Development Economics 74:199-250.

Other Readings:

Tembon, Mercy and Lucia Fort (eds.) (2008), Girls Education in the 21
st
Century: Gender Equality,
Empowerment and Economic Growth, Washington DC: World Bank Publication.

Kremer, Michael, Edward Miguel and Rebecca Thornton (2009), Incentives to Learn, Review of
Economics and Statistics 91(3): 437-56.

Banerjee, Abhijit V., Shawn Cole, Esther Duflo and Leigh Linden (2007), Remedying Education:
Evidence from Two Randomized Experiments in India, Quarterly Journal of Economics 122(3): 1235-64.

Jayachandran, Seema and Adriana Lleras-Muney (2009), Life Expectancy and Human Capital
Investments: Evidence from Maternal Mortality Declines, Quarterly Journal of Economics 124(1): 399-
422.

-(P) Jensen, Robert and Emily Oster (2009), The Power of TV: Cable Television and Womens Status in
India, Quarterly Journal of Economics 124(3): 105794.

- Page 7 -

LECTURE 8. HEALTH (November 11)

Have the Millennium Development Goals that call for specific health improvements (i.e., reducing child
deaths, reducing maternal mortality, slowing the spread of HIV/AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis) by 2015
been met? What is the evidence on private health behavior and supply of health care in developing
countries? What is the effect of policy interventions to improve womens health?

During the lecture we will also have a guest speaker who is going to share with us the field experience of
her team in designing and implementing health policies and interventions in developing countries and in
complex humanitarian emergencies:

Guest Speaker: Luisa Cremonese, Senior Coordinator for Community Development of the Gender Equality
and Children Section at the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)


Required Readings:

Qian, Nancy (2008), Missing Women and the Price of Tea in China, Quarterly Journal of Economics
123(3): 1251-85.

Gertler, Paul (2004), Do Conditional Cash Transfers Improve Child Health? Evidence from
PROGRESAs Controlled Randomized Experiment, American Economic Review 94(2): 33641.


Other Readings:

Arnold, Fred, Sunita Kishor and T.K. Roy (2002), Sex-Selective Abortions in India, Population and
Development Review 28(4): 759-85.

Dupas, Pascaline (2011), Health Behavior in Developing Countries, Annual Review of Economics 3:
425-49.

Canning, David (2006), The Economics of HIV/AIDS in Low-Income Countries: The Case for
Prevention, Journal of Economic Perspectives 20(3): 12142.

Banerjee, Abhijit, Angus Deaton and Esther Duflo (2004), Wealth, Health, and Health Services in Rural
Rajasthan, American Economic Review 94(2): 326330.

-(P) Jensen, Robert (2010), Economic Opportunities and Gender Differences in Human Capital:
Experimental Evidence for India NBER Working Paper No. 16021.

Oster, Emily (2005), Hepatitis B and the Case of the Missing Women, Journal of Political Economy
113(6): 1163-216.

Jayachandran, Seema and Iliana Kuziemko (2011), Why do Mothers Breastfeed Girls Less than Boys?
Evidence and Implications for Child Health in India, Quarterly Journal of Economics 126(3): 1485-538.

Edlund, Lena and Chulhee Lee (2009), Son Preference, Sex Selection and Economic Development:
Theory and Evidence from South Korea, Columbia University Discussion Papers No. 0910-04.


- Page 8 -

LECTURE 9. TERM PAPER

Individual meetings with students are going to be scheduled, abstract and outline should be presented




LECTURE 10. LABOR MARKETS AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP (November 25)

What are the challenges facing women in developing countries? What constrains the entrepreneurial
choices of poor women? What are the financial services available to low-income households? What is the
evidence on microfinance programs as a tool to promote womens business activity and reduce poverty?

Required Readings:

Field, Erica, Seema Jayachandran and Rohini Pande. (2010), Do Traditional Institutions Constrain
Female Entrepreneurship? A Field Experiment on Business Training in India, American Economic
Review: Papers and Proceedings 125-9.

Morduch, Jonathan (1999), The Microfinance Promise, Journal of Economic Literature 37(4): 1569-614.

Other Readings:

-(P) de Mel, Suresh, David McKenzie and Chris Woodruff (2009), Are Women More Credit Constrained?
Experimental Evidence on Gender and Microenterprise Returns, American Economic Journal-Applied
Economics 1(3):1-32.

Blau, Francine, Marianne Ferber and Anne Winkler (2010), The Economics of Women, Men, and Work,
6th edition Prentice-Hall, Chapter 12.


Other Readings:

Fernandez, Raquel, Alessandra Fogli and Claudia Olivetti (2004), Mothers and Sons: Preference
Formation and Female Labor Force Dynamics, Quarterly Journal of Economics 119(4): 1217-48.

Feigenberg, Benjamin, Erica Field and Rohini Pande (2010), Building Social Capital Through
Microfinance, NBER Working Paper No. 16018.

Field, Erica, Rohini Pande, John Papp and Natalia Rigol (2011), Debt Structure, Entrepreneurship, and
Risk: Evidence from Microfinance Mimeo, Harvard University.

Dupas, Pascaline and Jonathan Robinson (2013), Savings Constraints and Microenterprise Development:
Evidence from a Field Experiment in Kenya, AEJ: Applied Economics 5(1): 163-92, NBER Working
Paper No. 14693.


Croppenstedt, Andre Markus, Goldstein and Nina Rosas (2013) Gender and Agriculture: Inefficiencies,
Segregation, and Low Productivity Traps, World Bank Research Observer 28: 79-109.

- Page 9 -

International Labour Organization (ILO) (2012), Global Employment Trends for Women, Geneva: ILO
Publications.




LECTURE 11. POLITICAL PARTICIPATION (December 2)

How does the access to political participation vary across countries? What reforms to electoral systems
may be designed to progress towards equal gender representation?

Required Readings:

Beaman, Lori, Esther Duflo, Rohini Pande and Petia Topalova (2010), Political Reservation and
Substantive Representation Mimeo, Harvard Kennedy School.

Alesina, Alberto and Paula Giuliano (2011), Family Ties and Political Participation, Journal of the
European Economic Association 9(5): 817-39.


Other Readings:

-(P) Edlund, Lenaand and Rohini Pande (2002), Why Have Women Become Left Wing? The Political
Gender Gap and the Decline in Marriage, Quarterly Journal of Economics 117(3): 917-961.

Anzia, Sarah F. and Christopher Berry (2011), The Jackie (and Jill) Robinson Effect: Why Do
Congresswomen Outperform Congressmen?, American Journal of Political Science 55(3): 478-93.

Krook, Moona Lena (2007), Candidate Gender Quotas: A Framework for Analysis, European Journal
of Political Research 46: 36794.

Krook, Mona Lena (2009), Quotas for Women in Politics: Gender and Candidate Selection Reform
Worldwide, Oxford: Oxford University Press.




LECTURE 12. LEADERSHIP (December 9)

Why are women still underrepresented in leadership positions in politics and business across the world?
What are the barriers to female leadership? How should public policy respond?

Required Readings:

Beaman, Lori, Raghabendra Chattopadhyay, Esther Duflo, Rohini Pande and Petia Topalova (2009),
Powerful Women: Does Exposure Reduce Bias?, Quarterly Journal of Economics 124(4): 1449-96.

Matsa, David A. and Amalia R. Miller (2011), Chipping Away at the Glass Ceiling: Gender Spillovers in
Corporate Leadership, American Economic Review: Papers and Proceedings 101(3): 635-39.

- Page 10 -

Other Readings:

Bertrand, Marianne, Dolly Chugh and Sendhil Mullainathan (2005), Implicit Discrimination, American
Economic Review 95(2): 94-8.

Ban, Radu and Vijayendra Rao (2008), Tokenism or Agency? The Impact of Womens Reservations on
Village Democracies in South India, Economic Development and Cultural Change 56: 501-30.

Ahern, Kenneth and Amy K. Dittmar (2010), The Changing of the Boards: The Value Effect of a
Massive Exogenous Shock Mimeo, University of Michigan.

Eagly Alice H., and Linda L. Carli (2007), Through the Labyrinth: The Truth about How Women
Become Leaders, Cambridge, MA: Harvard Business School Press.

-(P) Clots-Figueras, Irma (2012), Are Female Leaders Good for Education? Evidence from India,
American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 4(1): 212-44.




LECTURE 13. MIGRATION (December 16)

What are the determinants of female migration? What is the international evidence on the brain drain vs.
brain gain? Are there gender differences in migrants remitting behavior?

Required Readings:

Docquier, Frdric, B. Linsday Lowell and Abdeslam Marfouk (2009), A Gendered Assessment of Highly
Skilled Emigration, Population and Development Review 35(2): 297321.

Lauby, Jennifer, and Oded Stark (1988), Individual Migration as a Family Strategy: Young Women in the
Philippines, Population Studies 42(3): 47386.

Other Readings:

-(P) de la Brire, Bndicte, Alain de Janvry, Sylvie Lambert and Elisabeth Sadoulet (2002), The Roles of
Destination, Gender, and Household Composition in Explaining Remittances: An Analysis for the
Dominican Sierra, Journal of Development Economics 68(2): 30928.

Rosenzweig, Mark R. and Oded Stark (1989), Consumption Smoothing, Migration, and Marriage:
Evidence from Rural India, Journal of Political Economy 97(4): 90526.

Koettl Johannes (2009), Human Trafficking, Modern Day Slavery, and Economic Exploitation, Social
Protection and Labor Discussion Papers Series, Washington DC: World Bank Publication.