Beruflich Dokumente
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I and T section beams are designed to have higher I values about one
axis and this position is used so that maximum moment occurs about this axis (can provide
higher moment of resistance).
6
Example 3.
An I beam is subjected to a negative bending (hogging BM). Calculate the position of the
NA and second moment of area about the major axis. Determine the maximum BM that
can be applied if the maximum tensile stress is not to exceed 16 N/mm
2
. Determine also
the maximum compressive stress.
1. Moment of area about BB, A y = M
a,
y =
A
M
a
y = (
40 200 200 40 40 120
260 40 200 140 200 40 20 40 120
x x x
x x x x x x
) = 158.5 mm from base BB
2. I
XX
=
3
5 . 158 120
3
x
-
3
5 . 118 80
3
x
+
3
5 . 121 200
3
x
-
3
5 . 81 160
3
x
= 20560 x 10
4
mm
4
3. Maximum tensile stress occurs at the top extreme fibre, i.e y
t
= 121.5 mm,
From SBT, M = f I / y
t
=
5 . 121
10 20560 16
4
x x
x 10
-6
kNm = 27.07 kNm.
4. Distance from NA to bottom extreme fibre (maximum compressive stress) is 158.5 mm,
5 . 121
t
f
=
5 . 158
m
f
, f
m
=
5 . 121
5 . 158 16x
= 20.87 N/mm
2
7
5. To calculate the moment of resistance of beam if the maximum allowable stress of the
beam is given as 16 N/mm
2
.
Maximum allowable stress occurs at the maximum extreme fibre distance from the NA, i.e
at the bottom flange, or y
max
= 158.5 mm
Moment of resistance of beam =
max
y
fI
=
5 . 158
10 20560 16
4
x x
x 10
-6
= 20.75 kNm
Maximum tensile stress occurs at the top extreme fibre,
f
t
=
5 . 158
5 . 121 16x
= 12.26 N/mm
2
BEAMS WITH TWO ALLOWABLE STRESSES
Refer to Example 3. If the tensile and compressive stresses of the beam are limited to 20
N/mm
2
and 30 N/mm
2
respectively, determine the maximum distributed load that the beam
can carry if the span of the beam is 4.0 m.
In this example, the allowable tensile and compressive stresses are not the same. The
moment of resistance of the beam occurs when ONE of these stresses is reached. This
stress is called the LIMITING STRESS.
Where f
ta
= Allowable tensile stress = 20 N/mm
2
and f
ca
= Allowable compressive stress = 30 N/mm
2
Two ways of analysis.
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Given f
ta
= 20 N/mm
2
and f
ca
= 30 N/mm
2
1. The Limiting Stress method.
Assume that the limiting stress is compressive, f
c
at the bottom extreme fibre = f
ca
= 30
N/mm
2
, f
t
=
5 . 158
30 5 . 121 x
= 23 N/mm
2
> f
ta
= 20 N/mm
2
(exceeds allowable tensile stress, beam will fail in tension)
TENSILE STRESS IS LIMITING, i.e f
fmax
= 20 N/mm
2
= f
ta
at y
t
= 121.5 mm
f
c
=
5 . 121
20 5 . 158 x
= 26.1 N/mm
2
< f
ca
= 30 N/mm
2
, O.K
(Both allowable stresses are not exceeded)
Moment of resistance, M =
t
ta
y
If
=
5 . 121
20 10 20560
4
x X
x 10
-6
= 33.8 kNm
2. Calculating moment method
For maximum compressive stress of 30 N/mm
2
, y
c
= 158.5 mm
Moment of resistance, M
c
=
c
ca
y
If
=
5 . 158
30 10 20560
4
x X
x 10
-6
= 38.9 kNm
For maximum tensile stress of 20 N/mm
2
, y
t
= 121.5 mm
Moment of resistance, M
t
=
t
ta
y
If
=
5 . 121
20 10 20560
4
x X
x 10
-6
= 33.8 kNm
To satisfy both conditions, bending moment must not exceed 33.8 kNm, i.e the tensile
stress is limiting.
M = wL
2
/ 8 , w = 8M/L
2
= 8 x 33.8 / 4
2
= 16.9 kN/m