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Name: Chyrane Semper

Form: Form 4- 5
Year 2014/2015
Subject: Social Studies
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GENERAL OBJECTIVES

On completion of this Section, students should:

1. Understand himself or herself as a social being, his or her relationships with his or her
family, community, nation or state, the Caribbean region and the wider world;

2. Appraise critically the prevailing societal attitudes, norms and values;

3. Use coherent and conscious processes as the principal means of arriving at decisions;



Specific Objectives

Content

1. explain and use
correctly concepts and
terms associated with
the family as listed in
content (1);

Explanation of the following concepts and terms associated with the family:
kinship, status, extended family, nuclear family, monogamy, polyandry,
polygyny, patriarchal, matriarchal, patrifocal, matrifocal, matrilineal,
patrilineal, bigamy, incest, marriage, legal separation, divorce, annulment,
alimony, sibling, inheritance.

2. describe the major
functions of the family;

The functions of the family in contemporary Caribbean society:
a. as a unit of procreation;
b. as a social unit for rearing children,
namely, the socialisation of the individual;
c. as an economic unit for satisfying basic needs;
d. as a social unit for satisfying emotional and psychological needs.

3. compare different
family types and
unions in the
Caribbean;




Differences in family types and unions in the Caribbean:
Types - nuclear, extended,
sibling households, single parent family;
Unions - visiting relationships, consensual or common law, monogamy, legal
marriage.
4. examine the roles,
relationships and
responsibilities of
adult and sibling
members of a
Caribbean family;


Roles, relationships and responsibilities of adult and sibling members of the
Caribbean family

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5.
explain the causes
and effects of the
changes in the roles of
family members in
Caribbean society;



Factors which contribute to the changing roles and responsibilities of
men and women in the Caribbean family:
a. status of women in society;
b. choice of employment;
c. available technology;
d. leisure activities;
e. educational opportunities.

Results of the changing roles and responsibilities of men and women in
the Caribbean family:
a. identity crisis;
b. marginalisation of the male;
c. role conflict;

d. development of self-esteem and confidence of women/independence of
women.





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.
1. explain and use correctly concepts and terms associated with the family
as listed in content (1);



a. Kinship: Relation that is close

b. Status: The social position or rank of a person

c. Extended Family: Several Generations that consist of Parents,
Grandmothers, cousins and siblings living together under the same roof.

d. Nuclear Family: Parents and own or adopted children generally living in the
same household

e. Monogamy: Marriage of one man to one woman

f. Polyandry: One woman having two or more husbands

g. Polygyny: One man having two or more wives

h. Patriarchal: Father/Male has dominant authority; he is head of the
household

i. Matriarchal: Mother/Female has dominant authority; she is head of the
household

j. Patrifocal: Focused or centred on the father

k. Matrifocal: Focused or centred on the mother

l. Matrilineal: The privileges and duties of descent follow the female line

m. Patrilineal: The privileges and duties of descent follow the male line

n. Bigamy: Marriage between two men or two women at the same time

o. Incest: Refers to a male or female who has an intimate relationship, with a
close relative

p. Marriage: Refers to the legal union of two people who are unfolding,
developing and looking for fulfilment in a life together.
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q. Legal Separation: The separation of the husband and wife who live apart for
a specific time period as ordered by the court of law

r. Divorce: A legal end to a legally contracted marriage

s. Annulment: A declaration by a religious or a church court that a marriage is
invalid

t. Alimony: An allowance that is due to a wife from her husbands estate upon
divorce.

u. Sibling: A brother or sister of the same parent(s)

v. Inheritance: Something you received from someone else at a predisposed
time




2. Describe the major functions of the family;

Functions

Activities

1. Economic/Financial
a. Engage in traditional sports.
b. Teach children how to spend
money wisely

2. Cultural
a. Engage in traditional sports
b. Take family to cultural
activities
3. Educational

a. Talk to children about the
value of education.
b. Practice educational
activities e.g. engage children
in Math games while at an
early age

4. Social
a. Teach children acceptable
behaviour by setting an
example.
b. Allow children to go out with
friends so that they can learn
the benefits of socialization

5. Protection
a. Teach children the value of
safety by showing them how
to lock the doors if left alone.
b. Teach children safety
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precautions
6. Biological /Reproduction

a. Teach children the biblical
values of having children
b. Teach them the process of
reproduction as a step-by-
step process.


7. Religious
a. Teach children the value of
having a relationship with
God.
b. Take children to different
religious activities such as
church or functions.


8. Passing on Status
a. Show children the value of
keeping th e family name
b. Take them to different
attractions so they become
familiar with the passing on
of status.

9. Emotional

a. Teach children that it is okay
to let your emotions show.
b. Observe them on different
scenarios to see how they
react.






























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3. Compare different family types and unions in the Caribbean;



Differences in family types and unions in the Caribbean:

Types - nuclear, extended, sibling households, single parent family;

Unions - visiting relationships, consensual or common law, monogamy, legal
marriage.



Family Types

Definitions

Nuclear

Parents and own or adopted children
generally living in the same household

Extended

A family group that consists of parents,
children, and other close relatives, often
living in close proximity
Sibling household

A sibling household consists of children
living by themselves due to the death of
their parents or as a result of their
parents abandoning them

Single parent family

One parent whether male or female
living together with their child/children.



Family unions

Definitions

Visiting Relationship
A relationship shared between 2
persons that joins for intimacy at their
spouse's house but not living with each

Common-law relationship

Two unmarried persons living together
as though married.

Monogamy

Marriage of one man to one woman

Legal Marriage

The legal union of two people who are
unfolding, developing and looking for
fulfilment in a life together.







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4. Examine the roles, relationships and responsibilities of adult and sibling
members of a Caribbean family;


What are the roles, relationships and responsibilities of adult and sibling
members of the Caribbean family ?
















































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5. Explain the causes and effects of the changes in the roles of family members in
Caribbean society;


Answer

Factors which contribute to the changing roles and responsibilities of men and
women in the Caribbean family:

a. status of women in society;
b. choice of employment;
c. available technology;
d. leisure activities;
e. educational opportunities.


Effects that contribute to the changing roles and responsibilities of men and
women in the Caribbean Family are:

a. Identity Crisis
b. Marginalization of the male
c. Role conflict
d. Development of self-esteem and confidence




Finish number five w/h
detailed explanation of
the causes and effects.
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Specific Objectives

Content
6. formulate strategies
for dealing with
contemporary social
issues that influence
Caribbean family life;

Contemporary social issues which influence Caribbean family life teenage
pregnancy, street children, alternative life styles, substance abuse, juvenile
delinquency, sexually transmitted diseases, child abuse, poverty, desertion,
suicide, incest, domestic violence, trafficking in persons, care and concern of
the aged and those with special needs.

7. examine the
characteristics of
effective parenting

Characteristics of a good parent: Problem solving skills, communication skills,
socialising skills, disciplinary skills, knowledge of good nutrition, showing of
love/warmth, money management skills.

8.
describe the
requirements for
cohesion in groups and
institutions;

Requirements for group cohesion
Leadership, control, cooperation, authority, commitment and loyalty.

9 . explain and use
correctly terms and
concepts associated
with social groups and
institutions as listed in
content (11);


Explanation of the following terms and concepts associated with social
groups:
a. primary; secondary; formal; informal; peer; interest; voluntary and
involuntary membership; culture; institution; social contro;, folkways;
norms; mores and laws;
b. examples of primary, secondary, formal and informal groups found in the
Caribbean.

10.
outline the
characteristics of
primary, secondary,
formal and informal
groups;


Characteristics of social groups:
a. structure;
b. common goals;
c. voluntary or involuntary membership;
d. marks of identity;
e. common needs, interest and values;
f. specific ways of interacting determined by rules and regulations;
g. established patterns of behaviour;
h. cooperation to achieve group goals;
i. sanctions.

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6. Be able to formulate strategies for dealing with contemporary social issues
that influence Caribbean family life.


a. Street Children

Children or adolescence living without family living in abandoned buildings or sleeping on
the streets.

Causes

Abandonment by parents after divorce or separation
Physical, emotional or sexual abuse can cause some children to run away from
home.
Poverty pushes children in the streets in order to make a living
Some children resort to the street mainly older ones in search of fulfilment which
may be a reaction to authoritative parents.

Activities of Street Children

Begging for money
Stealing
Prostitution
Selling illegal drugs
Substance abuse
Becoming sexually active

Solutions


Introduction of family planning programmes
Governments should address poverty and unemployment
Religious, moral and family life education must become compulsory
Universal education especially for the poor and disadvantage must be pursued by
the provision of books, meals, uniforms and transport.
Foster homes be provided for abandoned homes.


b. Child Abuse/Poverty

Any act or inaction on the part of a parent, guardian or adult which leads to
physical, emotional damage under the age of 18.


Persons who may abuse children

Family friend
Baby sitter
Parent
Teachers
Siblings
Symptoms of Abuse

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Sexual: overly knowledgeable in sex for their age

Signs of STDS, suicidal, insecure child, lack of trust, starting to wet again

Physical Abuse:

Unexplained injuries, fear of medical help, self-destructive tendencies, fear
or physical contact.

Neglect

Constant hunger, poor personal hygiene, constant tiredness , poor state of
clothing

Emotional

Development lags, sudden speech disorders, self-desperation, overreaction to
mistake


c. Incest

Sexual relations between persons closely related

Causes

Lack of attention and love
Parents depending on individuals for their assistance
Poor supervision

Effects

Poor self-esteem
Broken family relationships
Pregnancy


d. Poverty

A situation where individuals do not have the basic requirements for a reasonably
good quality of life.


Causes

Loss of employment
Drug abuse
Mental illness




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Effects

Broken homes
Helplessness
Increase government spending
Family conflict
Human trafficking
Crime increase
Prostitution
Homelessness
Increase social interest
Unemployment
Low production
Increase in deplorable living conditions


e. Desertions:

The voluntary abandonment by a spouse or parent without consent and in
breach of obligations to the family.

Causes:
The male partner feels of failure
Continues extra marital relation
Inability to provide financial support for the family
One partner making life intolerable for the other
Refusal to engage in sexual activity without reason
When partners realize they married a wrong person

Effects:
Single parent homes
Increase in divorce rate
Street children
Abuse


f. Sexually Transmitted Disease


Causes:
Rape
Drug Abuse
Blood Transfer
Infected Needles
HIV affected mothers passing on affection

Effects

Increase death Rates
Increase discrimination
Declining economic activity within the country


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g. Teenage Pregnancy

A pregnancy that occurs in a young woman below the age of 20.


Causes

Rape
Sexual Abuse
Low self-esteem
Peer pressure
Lack of knowledge

Effects

Health problems
Social and emotional problems
Depression
Abortion
Delay in education

Solution

Abstain
Use protection
Make a list of the pros and cons on being a pregnant teenager
Decided if that is the right path to a successful career.


h. Alternative Lifestyle

A way of living chosen by the individual that is not considered the norm.

Causes

Peer pressure
Unknown identity

Effects

Social misunderstanding
Unequal treatment
Legal troubles
Social change


i. Substance abuse

The excessive use of a substance usually alcohol or drugs or the over use of
medication prescribed by doctors that contain traces of alcohol or drugs.


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Causes:

Stress
Depression
Sickness
Peer-pressure


Effects

Delayed education
Health Problems
Possible death

Solution

Abstain
Regular appointments with a psychiatrist
Programmes with Rehab centres


Domestic violence

Any incident or violent behaviour whether sexual, physical, verbal between adults
who are or have been intimate with each other or family members regardless of
gender.

Causes

Abuse of power
Anger problems






















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7. Be able to examine the characteristics of effective parenting

Characteristics of a good parent: Problem solving skills, communication skills, socialising
skills, disciplinary skills, knowledge of good nutrition, showing of love/warmth, money
management skills.














































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8. Describe the requirements for cohesion in groups and institutions;

Requirements for group cohesion include the following:

Leadership,
control,
cooperation,
authority,
commitment
And loyalty.




Leadership

The ability of a company's management to make sound decisions and inspire
others to perform well. Effective leaders are able to set and achieve
challenging goals, to take swift and decisive action even in difficult
situations, to outperform their competition, to take calculated risks and to
persevere in the face of failure. Strong communication skills, self-confidence,
the ability to manage others and a willingness to embrace change also
characterize good leaders.

Control

Controlling is one of the managerial functions
like planning, organizing, staffing and directing. It is an important function
because it helps to check the errors and to take the corrective action so that
deviation from standards are minimized and stated goals of the organization
are achieved in a desired manner.

Co-operation, commitment, and loyalty

Principles that have been derived from values of their own, or the ideas or
philosophy promoted by a leader, group or organization.













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9. Explain and use correctly terms and concepts associated with social groups
and institutions as listed in content (11);

Social Group

A number of individuals who share a common bond or relationship and have
a particular goal or purpose.

Question

Why do people join Social groups?

Answer

To satisfy needs for:
Belonging and identity
Physical companionship
Emotional security
Leadership and decision making opportunities
Statuses and importance


Categories of Social Groups

Size- large, small, medium (primary)
Structure: simple, complex
Membership: two persons over 20
Formalization: informal, formal
Purpose:

Types of Groups

Primary: Family, class
Secondary: school, political party
Formal: school, church, youth clubs
Informal: boys playing cricket, gangs
Peer groups: boys playing cricket on the field
Involuntary groups: Military groups
Negative/Dysfunctional groups: gangs. Guerrilla groups
Interest groups: E.A.G (Environmental Awareness Group)
Formal/Voluntary Group:





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Definitions of Social Groups







Terms that are associated with Social Groups and their definitions.

Culture: The customs, arts and technology of a people or nation at a given
time

Social Control: A mechanism used to regulate individuals, groups and
organizational behaviour, and is useful to prevent chaos.

Norms: Ways of behaving shared by most members of a groups, class or
culture.

Term Definition

Primary group
Small groups characterized by intimacy,
face-to-face contact and a relative degree
of permanence.

Secondary group
Secondary groups are much larger than
primary groups this leads to less
interaction among members and less
intimacy than in smaller primary
groups.
Informal groups Groups with no written rules regarding
behaviour of members however, they do
know how to react in given situations.
Peer groups Groups formed by people of the same
age and of similar social status who
share a close bond.
Formal groups Have rules regarding the behaviour of
members that govern the interaction
among members.
Voluntary groups Are groups formed to provide some sort
of service to the community.
Involuntary groups Members are forced to belong
Dysfunctional Groups Groups that are involved in criminal
activities.
Interest groups

An organized collection of people who
attempt to influence government policy.
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Mores: Norms which are established practices or behaviour patterns of
society.

Folkways: Traditional patterns of behaviour in society that are learned and
practiced from childhood.

Laws: Institutionalized norms

Institution: Are widely shared beliefs, social-norms and procedures that
satisfy basic needs. They can also be seen as living arrangements in which
individuals, groups or organizations resolve central problems of living.

































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10. Outline the characteristics of primary, secondary, formal and informal
groups;



Characteristics of social groups:

a. structure; large or small
b. common goals;
c. voluntary or involuntary membership;
d. marks of identity;
e. common needs, interest and values;
f. specific ways of interacting determined by rules and regulations;
g. established patterns of behaviour;
h. cooperation to achieve group goals; Purpose
i. Sanctions.





Social group

Characteristics

Primary

Examples:
Family
Class
Close-knit
Small in size
Intimate relations
Usually long lasting
Feelings of strong personal
identity within group

Secondary

Examples:
Work
School
Sports team
Small or large
Usually short-term
Mostly impersonal
Generally informal


Formal

Examples:
School
Church
Youth Clubs
Groups are designated by an
organization as a means to an
end
Have rules regarding members
behaviour

Informal

Examples:
Boys playing cricket
Gangs
Important for their own sake
No written rules about behaviour
They know how to react in a given
situation
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Specific Objectives

Content

11.describe factors which assist in the
preparation for parenthood


Preparation for parenthood physical,
economic, emotional and psychological
readiness.


12 describe the characteristics of
institutions;
Characteristics of institutions.
Institutions as:

a. A social norm: i. made up of norms,
mores and values;
ii. endures over time;
iii. can be modified;
iv. influences the working of society;
v. forms the basis for the development of
organisations.

b. An organisation:
i. hierarchical structure;
ii. specific function;
iii. written rules;
iv. fixed sanctions;
v. endure over time;
vi. symbols;
vii. Rituals.



13. assess the reasons for laws to protect
the family in social situations as listed in
content

Laws related to:
a. inheritance
b. child care
c. legal separation
d. divorce
e. domestic violence



14.Evaluate the characteristics of a good
parent.


Characteristics of a good parent:
Problem solving skills, communication
skills, socialising skills, disciplinary
skills, knowledge of good nutrition,
showing of love/warmth, money
management

15. evaluate the functions of institutions
in society;




Functions of institutions.
a. economic
b. educational
c. recreational
d. religious
e. political

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11. Describe factors which assist in the preparation for parenthood.

Why do parents need to be physically prepared in order to care for children?
Imagine, an unhealthy, lazy, and unfit mother with a dishevelled appearance trying
to dish-out discipline to her 6 year old for her messy room. The toddler upon
seeing her mothers appearance added to her usual lackadaisical behaviour around
the house was simply following in her mothers footsteps and was quite oblivious to
what she had done to deserve such a scolding from her mother. After her mothers
rant, she innocently looked up at her mother and said What have I done wrong? I
was just trying to be like you.
Upon this early age of development parents need to understand that young
children normally between the ages of 2-8, often look upon their parents like
superheroes and would want to follow their example. Be careful to note it may not
just be the example of the parent that has a toll on parenting methods. The parent
to, if not physically up to par to what we would deem to be physically healthy, may
have problems dealing with over-active, happy children. Children take a lot of
energy, and if parents cannot keep up to that physical health that it takes to take
care of children, they may reach an I dont care stage which in they would just
leave their children to happily roam and gallivant around the place .As a result,
The world would just be populated with a child that has no significant benefit to
society.

Why do parents need to be economically prepared for parenthood?
The average cost of raising a child to the age of 18 is averaged over a million
dollars. In order for children to have a comfortable way of living and some of lifes
pleasures and enjoyments, parents often supply them with gifts or presents. Not to
spoil their child but to allow them a free and happy childhood.
Imagine, a parent who has three children roughly of the ages 7, 14 and 2.Naturally
the 2 year old being the less developed physically would be a dependent while the
other children can stand on their own. Including the cost of basic needs (food,
clothes, entertainment etc.), and General education Primary, Secondary and
tertiary education and also pocket money. The estimated cost would be at least 3
million dollars. These children deserve a chance at a comfortable life so parents
need to be economically stable to do so.

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Why do parents need to be emotionally prepared for parenthood?
During different stages in a childs life they would often go through emotional
turmoil usually between the teenage years. A parent needs to be able to handle
their emotions well so during these stages they can sympathize or empathize with
their children.


Why do parents need to be psychologically prepared for parenthood?






















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12. What are the characteristics of institutions?


Definition

Institutions are arrangements by which individuals, groups or organizations
resolve central problems of living.

Characteristics of institutions
Satisfy basic need such as the need to be loved, companionship etc.
Have a body of rules that govern the behaviours of members of their
relations with other institutions