AIR corp

PRO ANNOUNCER MODEL 500 PH

SPEECH PROCESSOR
REVISION G
REFERENCE AND OPERATOR'S MANUAL
ADVANCED INSTRUMENT RESEARCH
CORPORATION
1845 West Hovey Avenue
Normal, IL 61761-4315 USA
Phone (309) 454-4900 - Fax (309) 452-0893
i Model 500 PH 07/08/94 - AMR
TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
DESCRIPTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
INSTALLATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
THEORY OF OPERATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
FRONT, REAR & TOP CHASSIS DIAGRAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
FRONT PANEL CONTROLS AND FEATURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
REAR PANEL CONTROLS AND FEATURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
EQUALIZER ADJUSTMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
LOW FREQUENCY SECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
MID-RANGE FREQUENCY SECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
HIGH FREQUENCY SECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
COMPRESSOR GAIN CONTROL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
EXPANDER RANGE CONTROL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
TYPICAL SET-UP AND OPERATION PROCEDURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
POWER-ON DEFAULTS, SETTING SW 101 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
MULTIPLE MICROPHONES / MULTIPLE PROCESSORS
USING DYNAMIC CONTROL COUPLING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
SYMMETRY CORRECTION, ENABLING/DISABLING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
EXTERNAL CONNECTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
AUDIO CONNECTOR XLR PIN-OUTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
SEND & RETURN 1/4 INCH TRS JACKS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
INPUT & OUTPUT CONNECTORS FOR UNBALANCED APPLICATIONS . . . . . . 12
DYNAMIC CONTROL COUPLING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
REMOTE CONTROL CONNECTOR DB-25F PIN-OUTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
WARRANTY INFORMATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
SPECIFICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
INPUT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
OUTPUTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
LINE SEND/RETURN EFFECTS LOOP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
DYNAMIC RANGE PROCESSOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
EQUALIZER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
ELECTRICAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
MECHANICAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
SPECIFICATION NOTES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
TABLE OF CONTENTS, CONTINUED
ii Model 500 PH 07/08/94 - AMR
BLOCK DIAGRAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
PHONE JACK ASSEMBLY DIAGRAMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
FRONT PANEL & MAIN PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD DIAGRAMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
TOP VIEW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
BOTTOM VIEW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
AUDIO PATH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
CONTROL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
LOGIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
FRONT PANEL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
POWER SUPPLY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
POWER MODULE, RFI BOARD, POWER TRANSFORMER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
PARTS LIST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
FRONT PANEL PC BOARD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
MAIN PC BOARD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
MAIN PC BOARD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
MAIN PC BOARD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
CHASSIS MOUNTED ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
1 Model 500 PH 07/08/94 - AMR
INTRODUCTION
Advanced Instrument Research Corporation, or AIR corp, was established by broadcast
consultant, James P. Loupas, and electronics designer and technical consultant, Michael
Morgan, ScD.
The Pro Announcer Model 500 PH Speech Processor was designed in Nashville,
Tennessee, a world-famous center for the music industry and the recording arts, providing
AIR corp access to some of the best minds (and ears) in the industry. No product passes
AIR corp's stringent development process without coming under the scrutiny of some of the
industry's toughest customers... and at AIR corp, we listen to them, frequently incorporating
their suggestions in the final product.
Through use of appropriate technology and economy of design, AIR corp products are
intended to solve problems which are present in specific applications, such as treatment of
spoken word prior to transcription or broadcast. We strive to make operation of our
equipment easy and intuitive, and assemble each unit with care and pride, and with
serviceability in mind.
Your AIR corp Pro Announcer Model 500 PH has several unique features which enhance
dependability and serviceability. Among them are:
* A durable Lexan graphics front overlay which will withstand years of use without
losing legibility,
* Two integrated printed circuit boards interconnected by a single ribbon cable,
* An RFI protected and internationally convertible power supply system,
* A heavy-duty steel and aluminum housing, with replaceable rack-mounting handles,
* A well-ventilated chassis which permits units to be stacked.
Except for the circuit boards themselves, there are few "proprietary" components which must
be ordered from AIR corp in the event of failure.
Technical assistance (warranty, repair, etc.) is available by calling (309) 454-4900 during our
normal business hours (8:00 am to 4:30 pm Central Time) or by submitting a request via
FAX to (309) 452-0893.
Thank you for choosing the Pro Announcer Model 500 PH for your speech processing
needs.
2 Model 500 PH 07/08/94 - AMR
DESCRIPTION
The AIR corp Pro Announcer Model 500 PH is a dedicated Speech Processor for Radio on-
air use. The Model 500 PH incorporates the functions of a wide-range, low-distortion, low-
noise input; a three-band boost and cut equalizer section; a symmetry correction (all-pass
filter) network for waveform symmetry correction; and a compressor with interactive
expander and gate plus a side-chain sibilance control network (de-esser). Each of these
functions exhibits certain parameters, such as frequency breakpoints, ratio and slope, and
processor time constants, which are selected for best control and enhancement of spoken
words.
There are many unique and useful features which separate the Model 500 PH from older,
less versatile "microphone processors." The Model 500 PH can accept inputs at any
normally encountered level, from microphone feeds at 1 mV or less to line feeds up to +26
db. Inclusion of the "symmetry correction" circuitry allows higher average output power
levels for the processed speech prior to clipping than a simple peak limiter or compressor
can provide. The expander circuitry is designed specifically for spoken word, and is fully
interactive with the compressor to eliminate noise trailing.
A complete complement of remote functions is available through the rear-panel DB-25
connector, allowing the operator to monitor and change the status of the logic functions of
the device, thus enabling the instantaneous change of input level ranges, send/insert circuit,
sibilance control (de-esser) circuitry, and monitoring point of the vu meter. Finally, the Model
500 PH has both line-level and microphone-level outputs available for connection to external
feeds.
The AIR corp Model 500 PH incorporates those functions which the Radio Sound
Professional finds most necessary and useful in the processing of spoken word, without
adding obscure functions and controls of little use.
INSTALLATION
Ideally, we suggest leaving one rack space vacant between units. When this is not possible,
the multi-vent features of the Model 500 will normally provide adequate ventilation.
When multiple units are in a common rack, we recommend using one common power strip
(same phase, same 3rd pin ground) to minimize hum and ground loop problems.
The AIR corp Model 500 Input (Microphone In XLR) will accommodate any broadcast level
with pin #1 grounded on the XLR connector. The Line Out (Line Level Output) XLR has pin
#1 grounded. Please note that the Mic. Out (Microphone Level Output) XLR has an AC
ground (capacitive) on pin #1 assuming that any microphone input that is being fed also has
pin #1 grounded. Pin #2 is high and Pin # 3 is low on all input and output XLR connectors.
If a security cover is required, we suggest use of an Orban Model SC1 Security Cover for a
Single Rack Unit. This device can be ordered through most broadcast distributors. To
accommodate the security cover, it is necessary to replace the standard Model 500 rack
mounting brackets. (These brackets incorporate protruding handles which interfere with the
security cover.) A pair of replacement rack mounting brackets (without handles) is available
from AIR corp by ordering part number 382-9104-020.
3 Model 500 PH 07/08/94 - AMR
THEORY OF OPERATION
The AIR corp Pro Announcer Model 500 PH incorporates several interactive processing
functions to perform various operations upon spoken word. All of the Model 500 PH's
dynamic functions are the result of interactive analog computers which control a common
Voltage Controlled Amplifier (VCA).
The Model 500 PH Equalizer Sections are peaking "tone control" types, chosen for their
ease of operation, relatively wide response, and lack of obvious coloration. In addition, this
type of variable gain filter seems uniquely suited for tailoring microphone sound quality. The
center frequencies for the Model 500 PH equalizer were determined empirically using a wide
variety of microphones in a range of live situations. The center frequencies may be altered
by changing capacitor values in the filter sections. Please contact the factory for assistance.
A Symmetry Correction Network follows the equalizer. Symmetry Correction consists of an
All-Pass Filter Network sometimes referred to as a Phase Rotator and is used to correct
asymmetry in the electrical waveform as reproduced by a microphone. Asymmetry is
characteristic of most human voices, and usually causes some difficulty when the intent of
the processing is to increase the loudness of the on-air personality's voice. Critical listeners
may discern an alteration in "crispness" or "brightness" in the voice when Symmetry
Correction is in the signal path. This is the result of the all-pass filter network, and is a
normal side effect of passive symmetry correction. The Equalizer will easily correct this
effect. It may be desirable to disable Symmetry Correction when the Model 500 PH is used
with a lapel microphone. See SYMMETRY CORRECTION, ENABLING/DISABLING for
instructions.
The interactive Compressor/Expander has a fixed compression ratio, fixed expander slope,
and fixed, program-dependent attack time for both sections. The compressor and expander
release times are program-dependent and complementary to eliminate undesirable
processing artifacts such as noise rush-up and "pumping" of the signal level. The range of
expander attenuation, or maximum amount of gain reduction in the absence of spoken word,
is adjustable. (Internal controls for compression ratio and release time are factory adjusted
and sealed. Field adjustment is not recommended.)
The De-Esser (sibilance control) circuitry is part of the compressor control circuit. The
Model 500 PH De-Esser does not affect the high-frequency content of the processed signal,
but rather causes more compressor gain reduction in the presence of high-frequency energy
in the signal. The De-Esser circuitry may be left active under normal conditions.
The Send Switch controls an insert point for an Effects Loop which facilitates the use of an
outboard, line-level device such as a Harmonizer. This circuit interrupts the normal audio
path, sends the equalized audio signal to the outboard unit, and inserts the audio returning
from the outboard device into the compressor.
5 Model 500 PH 07/08/94 - AMR
FRONT PANEL CONTROLS AND FEATURES
(LEFT TO RIGHT)
Please refer to the FRONT, REAR & TOP CHASSIS DIAGRAM for the position of the following
front panel controls and features.
INPUT Select Switches - Select from four audio level ranges with momentary Up and Down
push-button switches. LED's indicate the selected range: 0 db (+4 dBm nominal), -10 dB,
-30 dB, and -50 dB. These ranges satisfy any requirements encountered in today's studio
environments.
INPUT Adjust Control - Permits approximately 10 dB of input gain adjustment to the
equalizer input.
INPUT CLIP Indicator (Red LED) - Warns of input stage overload.
EQUALIZER Controls - Provide approximately 20 dB of boost and cut at the following
center frequencies:
Low Frequency Approximately 140 Hz
Mid-Range Approximately 2.5 kHz
High Frequency Approximately 5.0 kHz
The shape of the equalizer networks is designed to minimize the buildup of hiss and low
frequency room noise while maximizing the effect on voices.
EQUALIZER Clip Indicator (Red LED) - Warns of Equalizer overload.
Line Send Switch - Controls an insert point for any line-level device such as a Harmonizer.
The 1/4 inch TRS Line Send Jack on the rear panel sends equalized audio to the outboard
device, while the 1/4 inch TRS Line Return Jack interrupts the normal audio path and inserts
the output of the outboard device into the compressor. The Send and Return Jacks are
balanced circuits using tip/ring/sleeve (TRS) or "stereo" plugs for external connections. See
EXTERNAL CONNECTIONS for wiring instructions.
Depressing the Send Switch activates the Line Return switching and inserts the line return
signal into the audio path.
The "In" (Green) LED above the Send Switch indicates that the Line Send circuit has been
activated.
COMPRESSOR Gain Control - Allows approximately 20 dB of level adjustment at the
compressor input thus increasing or decreasing the amount of compression.
DS Switch (De-Esser On/Off) - Activates the de-esser (sibilance control) circuit which is in
the compressor side chain. The de-esser only functions when the "sss" component reaches
a pre-set threshold. This circuit contributes no high-end deterioration for normal material.
The "In" (Green) LED above the DS Switch indicates activation of the De-Esser circuit.
6 Model 500 PH 07/08/94 - AMR
GAIN REDUCTION Meter Array - Dynamically indicates the amount of gain reduction
(compression or downward expansion) being directed to the Voltage Controlled Amplifier
(VCA). In addition, it shows the amount of expansion occurring in absence of signal.
The "< Comp." and the "Exp. >" LED's indicate whether the compressor or expander is
performing the gain reduction at any given moment to facilitate adjustment.
EXPANDER Range Control - Adjusts the amount of downward expansion thus controlling
ambient room noise and reducing circuit noise. No more than 20 dB of expansion is
recommended for normal applications. Adjustment of the expander range control for more
than 30 dB automatically changes the expander into a gate for use in special applications.
vu Meter Array - Displays either Input or Output Level as selected. Input reads the level at
the input of the compressor -- following the Send Circuit. Output reads the level at the
output of the compressor -- prior to the line driver stage. A meter indication of "0" is
equivalent to a +4 dBm (600 ohm) line output. The microphone level output is -50 dB below
the line level output.
vu Select Switch - Toggles the function of the vu Meter between Input and Output. This
switch is located above the vu Meter Array. The green "< Input" and "Output >" LED's below
the meter indicate the current function of the vu Meter Array.
OUTPUT Gain Control - Adjusts the operating gain of the VCA (Voltage Controlled Amplifier).
This allows the Model 500 PH output level to be trimmed to match the requirement of the
following unit in the audio chain. The Output Gain Control simultaneously adjusts mic., line,
and headphone output levels.
Headphones Jack - Provides a buffered output for use with stereo headphones. This
allows adjustment of the Model 500 PH by monitoring the processed signal just before
the output line-driver stage. This is a 1/4 inch TRS (stereo) headphone jack wired to provide
a mono signal to stereo headphones.
7 Model 500 PH 07/08/94 - AMR
REAR PANEL CONTROLS AND FEATURES
(LEFT TO RIGHT)
Please refer to the FRONT, REAR & TOP CHASSIS DIAGRAM for the position of the following
rear panel controls and features.
Power On/Off Switch - Connects the ac mains to the power transformer primary.
Power Entry Module consisting of:
Mains Select Switch - Configures the primary windings of the power transformer for
either 110-120 Vac or 220-240 Vac operation.
Fuse Holder - Accepts 3 AG type 5 X 20 mm fuses. See SPECIFICATIONS,
ELECTRICAL for recommended fuse ratings.
Mains Input Connector - Provides the unit with ac power through international
electrical appliance cords.
Mic. Out (Microphone Level Output XLR) - Provides 150 ohm balanced output at -50 dB
relative to the line output level as indicated on the vu Meter Array. See EXTERNAL
CONNECTIONS for pin-out information.
Line Out (Line Level Output XLR) - Provides a low-impedance, servo-balanced, line-driver
output at the level indicated on the vu Meter Array. See EXTERNAL CONNECTIONS for pin-
outs.
Line Return 1/4 inch TRS Jack - Returns audio from the output of an outboard device. See
EXTERNAL CONNECTIONS for pin-out information.
Line Send 1/4 inch TRS Jack - Sends audio to the input of an outboard device. See
EXTERNAL CONNECTIONS for pin-outs.
Remote Control Connector - Provides control inputs and indicator outputs via a DB-25F
connector for all of the on-board logic functions of the Model 500 PH, such as Input Level
Select, Send On/Off, DS On/Off, and vu Meter Input/Output. See EXTERNAL
CONNECTIONS for pin-out information.
Phantom Power (+48 Vdc) Switch - Applies voltage from the internal +48 Vdc supply to the
microphone input connector for parallel powering of condenser microphones.
Input (Microphone In XLR) - Accepts balanced or unbalanced inputs from microphone level
to line level. See EXTERNAL CONNECTIONS for pin-out information.
8 Model 500 PH 07/08/94 - AMR
OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
Operation of the Model 500 PH is quite simple; and, although the functions of the controls
are mostly self-evident, a quick run-through of each of the adjustable dynamic parameters
and its audible effect is appropriate.
EQUALIZER ADJUSTMENTS
The Model 500 PH equalizer filter characteristics are designed to: permit matching of the
live voice with other program material; give voices a unique sound; and give voices the
power and "edge" required to talk over music. Through proper use of equalization,
intelligibility can be improved and a pleasing yet substantial sound can be achieved.
LOW FREQUENCY SECTION The low frequency control, when boosting, has the
effect of adding more richness and bass to a thin or weak vocal announcement.
Overuse of the low frequency boost tends to muddle the speech and lowers
intelligibility, particularly if the signal is somewhat lacking in high frequencies, as is
the case when the microphone is severely off-axis. When cutting, the low frequency
control reduces the muffled sound of some microphones.
MID-RANGE FREQUENCY SECTION The mid-range frequency control, when
boosting, may add some apparent loudness to the voice, but at the expense of
fidelity. Mid-range frequency cutting is necessary with some microphones which are
overly bright in the mid-range.
HIGH FREQUENCY SECTION The high frequency control, when boosting, restores
intelligibility to the performer's voice. When cutting, the high frequency attenuation is
helpful in removing "tinny" sounds. Overuse of high frequency boost results in an
obnoxiously bright and thin quality in the voice. Moderate use of a combination of
high frequency boost and low frequency boost, however, can add significantly to the
"presence" of an announcer's voice.
COMPRESSOR GAIN CONTROL
After proper setup, use of large amounts of compressor gain results in a denser, louder
voice signal. Use of more than 7 to 10 dB of indicated gain reduction during compression
will create a very "loud" output. Additionally, with larger amounts of compressor gain, the
expander should be used to reduce noise rush-up during compressor release.
EXPANDER RANGE CONTROL
The Expander attenuates noise occurring between utterances of spoken word. The
Expander Range Control interacts with the Compressor to "isolate" the processed signal.
This has the effect of audibly moving the processed voice nearer the listener and
attenuating room noise and reverberations as more range (attenuation occurring between
utterances) is added. With large amounts of compressor gain, the primary use of the
expander is to avoid noise rush-up during compressor release. In most cases, the Expander
Range Control should be adjusted to produce the same amount of gain reduction in the
Expander Mode as is produced in the Compression Mode.
9 Model 500 PH 07/08/94 - AMR
TYPICAL SET-UP AND OPERATION PROCEDURE
After connecting the Model 500 PH to its appropriate source and destination, perform the
following set-up procedure using the on-air talent in a normal announce situation:
Choose the correct INPUT Level Range with the INPUT Select Switches. For most
microphones, the -30 dB input range is correct. If the INPUT CLIP Indicator lights at peak
audio levels, then switch up-range (-10, 0, etc.).
Trim the INPUT Level Adjust for a reliable, -15 dB indication on the vu Meter Array when
assigned to INPUT. If you are unable to obtain a nominal -15 dB indication, you may wish to
switch the INPUT Select downrange (-30, -50, etc.).
Set Low, Mid, and High EQUALIZER controls to 0 (12 o'clock position);
Adjust the COMPRESSOR Gain control for 5 to 7 dB of gain reduction on peaks. Later add
more or less gain (compression) to suit. Make sure the "< Comp." LED is illuminated while
making this adjustment.
Select DS (De-Esser) if required. The De-Esser (sibilance control) may be left on
permanently without causing problems in most circumstances.
Adjust the OUTPUT Gain as required.
Adjust the Low Frequency EQUALIZER control to eliminate "muffling", or to add bass texture
to the voice as required.
Adjust the High Frequency EQUALIZER control to restore normal brightness to the
processed voice.
Adjust the Mid-Range EQUALIZER control to restore a normal vocal tone. This will help the
announcer talk over music.
Set the EXPANDER Range control with only a "room noise" input (no signal from the on-air
talent) to produce 5 to 7 dB of gain reduction. Make sure the "> Exp." LED is illuminated
when making this adjustment. Increasing Expander Range (counter-clockwise rotation of
the pot) has the effect of moving the on-air personality audibly closer to the listener and/or
attenuating room noise. NOTE: Range settings greater than approximately 20 dB may
become noticeable and objectionable to the on-air personality, and adjustment of the
expander range control for more than 30 dB automatically changes the expander into a gate
for use in special applications.
While Monitoring the Processed Signal, reset the INPUT Level Adjust, if required, to
eliminate choppiness or pumping of the spoken word by the expander.
Guidelines:
* Don't over equalize.
* Avoid over processing.
Microphones act differently when processed. Tonal quality may change drastically when
compression (power) is added.
10 Model 500 PH 07/08/94 - AMR
POWER-ON DEFAULTS, SETTING SW 101
The Power-On Default Switches program the flip-flops in the digital control section to
configure the Model 500 PH's logic upon power-up. These DIP switches set the default
values for Audio Input Level, Line Send, De-Esser, and vu Meter function. This feature re-
establishes the desired default settings in the event of a momentary power interruption.
To gain access to the Power-On Default Switches, Switch Bank SW 101, remove the top
cover by loosening the capture screws and pushing the top cover toward the rear of the unit.
This exposes the top of the printed circuit board. SW 101, is the 14-pin DIP package directly
behind the front panel Low and Mid-Frequency Equalizer Controls (pots).
SELECTION SWITCH POSITION X = EITHER POSITION
* FACTORY SETTING 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
0 Input Level ON OFF ON OFF X X X
-10 Input Level OFF ON ON OFF X X X
-30 Input Level * ON OFF OFF ON X X X
-50 Input Level OFF ON OFF ON X X X
Line Send - On X X X X ON X X
Line Send - Off * X X X X OFF X X
De-Esser - On * X X X X X ON X
De-Esser - Off X X X X X OFF X
vu Meter - Input X X X X X X ON
vu Meter - Output * X X X X X X OFF
MULTIPLE MICROPHONES / MULTIPLE PROCESSORS
USING DYNAMIC CONTROL COUPLING
The Model 500 provides the best close-coupled, downward expander performance in the
audio industry - with maximum microphone isolation and minimum unwanted room noise.
Occasionally, studio "room geometry" creates very high standing waves and a "comb filter
effect" best characterized as the "hollow room effect". To deal with this condition, AIR corp
provides the Dynamic Control Coupler, a simple, inexpensive technique to virtually eliminate
multi-microphone problems. This can be especially important for news-talk, TV, interview
and morning shows that use multiple microphones.
Implementation: AIR corp recommends use of identical microphones and centrally located
Model 500 processors. Best performance can be expected when all Model 500 units are
plugged into a common power strip. Simply add jumpers from unit to unit. (See EXTERNAL
CONNECTIONS, Dynamic Control Coupling and Remote Control Connector DB-25F Pin-Outs.)
This couples the Dynamic Control side-chains thus permitting all units to communicate with
each other.
11 Model 500 PH 07/08/94 - AMR
Interconnected Model 500 processors should be identically adjusted with particular attention
to the amount of dynamic compression as indicated on the compression meter. The unit that
has the loudest announcer, thus the greatest amount of compression, will dominate the
system. This feature, for example, can be used to allow the host to "shout down"
participants. If all units are set in this manner, there will be no perceptible side effects
except that the "comb filter" effect will be gone.
SYMMETRY CORRECTION, ENABLING/DISABLING
See THEORY OF OPERATION for an explanation of the Symmetry Correction (All-Pass
Filter) Network. To gain access to the On/Off jumpers, remove the top cover by loosening
the capture screws and pushing the top cover toward the rear of the unit. This exposes the
top of the printed circuit board.
Jumper Blocks, J106 and J107, are located directly behind the front-panel, Low-Frequency
Control (pot). Symmetry Correction is Enabled (In) when the jumper is on J107. The
Factory Setting for the Model 500 PH is Enabled. Symmetry Correction is Disabled (Out)
when the jumper is on J106. A Jumper Table is located on the front edge of the main
printed circuit board.
EXTERNAL CONNECTIONS
AUDIO CONNECTOR XLR PIN-OUTS
All 3-pin XLR connectors on the AIR corp Model 500 are in accordance with the ANSI
Standard S4.48-1992. Mating XLR connectors should be wired as follows:
PIN CONNECTION
1 Screen or Shield (0 Vdc)
2 Positive Polarity
3 Negative Polarity
LINE SEND & RETURN 1/4 INCH TRS JACKS
The Line Send and Return Jacks on the Model 500 PH are balanced circuits using 1/4 inch
TRS (Tip/Ring/Sleeve) or "stereo" plugs for external connections.
If a balanced outboard device is to be used, the external TRS phone plugs should be wired
as follows:
PIN CONNECTION
Tip Positive Polarity
Ring Negative Polarity
Sleeve Screen or Shield (0 Vdc)
If an unbalanced outboard device is to be used, wire the TRS plugs in such a manner as to
12 Model 500 PH 07/08/94 - AMR
unbalance the audio signal at its source using a two conductor cable with a shield. Please
observe the following detailed instructions:
If feeding the unbalanced input of an outboard device from the Model 500 PH Line
Send Output (source), connect the 1/4 inch TRS plug so that the tip carries the audio
signal (positive polarity). Unbalance the audio signal at the Model 500 PH Line Send
Output (source) by shorting the ring to the sleeve and connecting both the second
conductor and the shield to the sleeve connection in the source plug. You may wish
to leave the shield disconnected (floating) at the input of the outboard device.
When feeding the Model 500 PH Line Return from an unbalanced outboard device
(source), connect the audio signal (positive polarity) to the tip of the 1/4 inch TRS
plug used to connect the Model 500 PH. Unbalance the audio signal at the output of
the outboard device (source) by connecting both the second conductor and shield to
the common ground point at the outboard device. Connect the second conductor
(wire coming from the source's common ground point) to the ring of the 1/4 inch TRS
plug used to connect the Model 500 PH. You wish to float the shield by not
connecting the shield to the sleeve in the 1/4 inch TRS plug used to feed the Model
500 PH Line Return from an unbalanced source.
INPUT & OUTPUT CONNECTORS FOR UNBALANCED APPLICATIONS
We recommend connecting the microphone directly to the Model 500 and feeding the
microphone level output to the console microphone input. Should you choose to connect the
microphone to the console and insert the Model 500 into the console unbalanced patch
points, the following should be observed carefully.
Typical Unbalanced Source Model 500 Mic Input
(Console Patch Point) (XLR Input Connector)
Hi Pin 2
Lo Pin 3
These unbalanced connections are best performed in close proximity to the unbalanced
sources when the devices share the same 115/230 Vac Phase and Common Ground.
Typical Unbalanced Input Model 500 Line Output
(Console Patch Point Return) (XLR Output Connector)
Hi Pin 2
Lo Pin 3
Note: In the Model 500, the Output Pin 3 may be grounded to accomplish this task with no
fear of damaging components.
13 Model 500 PH 07/08/94 - AMR
DYNAMIC CONTROL COUPLING
Both the Dynamic Control Coupling terminal (pin 25) and Logic Ground terminal (pin 12, 13,
or 14) must be interconnected with the corresponding terminals on all AIR corp Model 500
units that are to be control coupled. See EXTERNAL CONNECTIONS, Remote Control
Connector DB-25F Pin-Outs.
REMOTE CONTROL CONNECTOR DB-25F PIN-OUTS
The remote connector on the Model 500 PH features comparator outputs and Schmitt trigger
inputs. All functions are stated relative to Logic Ground at pins 12, 13, and 14.
PIN FUNCTION ACTION
1 0 Input Level LED Sink Goes to -14 V when "on"
2 -10 Input Level LED Sink Goes to -14 V when "on"
3 -30 Input Level LED Sink Goes to -14 V when "on"
4 -50 Input Level LED Sink Goes to -14 V when "on"
5 Line Send "On" LED Sink Goes to -14 V when "on"
6 De-Esser "On" LED Sink Goes to -14 V when "on"
7 Input Level - Toggle Up Take momentarily to Logic Ground
8 Input Level - Toggle Down Take momentarily to Logic Ground
9 Line Send - Toggle On/Off Take momentarily to Logic Ground
10 De-Esser - Toggle On/Off Take momentarily to Logic Ground
11 vu Meter - Toggle Input/Output Take momentarily to Logic Ground
12, 13, 14 Logic Ground * Logic Ground
15 Logic +14 Vdc Powers Remote LED Indicators
16 Logic -14 Vdc Available for external relays, etc.
25 Dynamic Control Coupling * Interconnects units for multi-microphone
applications. *
* Both the Dynamic Control Coupling terminal and the Logic Ground terminal must be
interconnected with the corresponding terminals on the various Model 500 PH Pro
Announcers.
14 Model 500 PH 07/20/92 - AMR
WARRANTY INFORMATION
AIR corp warrants its products to be free from defects in workmanship for a period of one
year after purchase.
Should an AIR corp product fail during the warranty period, return the unit to the dealer from
which it was originally purchased, or ship the unit, along with proof of purchase date, to AIR
corp.
AIR corp will repair or replace the unit at its sole discretion.
AIR corp's warranty will not be voided if the user modifies an AIR corp product using
generally accepted technical procedures, however, broken wire, broken PC board circuit
traces, burned areas and broken components resulting from improper procedures are not
covered under warranty. Charges for non-warranty repairs or customer-requested
modifications will be billed at the current hourly bench rate. Contact the factory for details.
AIR corp's liability is limited to repair or replacement of its product. AIR corp is not
responsible for damages resulting from the use of its product, from incorrect or unsafe
installation, or for damages to equipment caused by war, fire, flood or other man-made or
natural calamities.
15 Model 500 PH 02/09/95 - JCF
SPECIFICATIONS, MODEL 500 PH
INPUT
Input type Differentially Balanced, Transfomerless Low-Noise
Amplifier
Input connector 3-pin XLR female
Input impedance 13.6 kOhm with Phantom Power "On"
20 kOhm with Phantom Power "Off"
Input CMRR >40 dB (50 Hz-20 kHz)
EIN @ 50 dB gain -127 dB typical with 150 Ohm source
Input level range Nominally, -50 to +4 dB, selectable in four steps
Input adjustment range 10 dB from indicated input level
Maximum input level +26 dB
Ref .775 Vrms
(15.5 Vrms)
OUTPUTS
Output type Servo-Balanced, Transformerless Line-Driver Output
plus a Resistive Balanced Attenuator for Microphone
Level Output
Output connectors 3-pin XLR male
Microphone output impedance 150 Ohm 10%
Microphone output level -50 dB referenced to 0 vu, nominal
-30 dB, maximum
Line output impedance 100 Ohm balanced, 50 Ohm unbalanced
Line output level +4 dBm into 600 Ohms, nominal
+26 dBm into 600 Ohms, maximum
Line output residual
noise and hum -80 dB
Ref .775 Vrms
typical (20 Hz to 20 kHz)
Usable dynamic range >100 dB
Quiescent distortion .02% THD @ 1 kHz, typical
@ unity gain .05% SMPTE IMD, typical
SPECIFICATIONS, MODEL 500 PH, CONTINUED
16 Model 500 PH 02/09/95 - JCF
LINE SEND/RETURN EFFECTS LOOP
Output Type Servo-Balanced, Transformerless Line Driver
Output Connector 1/4 inch TRS (Tip/Ring/Sleeve) Jack
Output Source Impedance 100 Ohm Balanced, 50 Ohm Unbalanced
Maximum Output Level +24 dBm into 600 ohms
Input Type Balanced, Differential, Ground-Sensing Op-Amp
Input Connector 1/4 inch TRS (Tip/Ring/Sleeve) Jack
Input Impedance 100 kOhm Balanced, 50 kOhm Unbalanced
Maximum Input Level +24 dB
Ref .775 Vrms
(12.2 Vrms)
DYNAMIC RANGE PROCESSOR
Processor Type Feedforward Compressor with interactive expander
and side-chain equalized de-esser
Compressor attack time 10 ms typical, program dependent
Compression ratio Nominally 4:1
Compressor release time 20 dB/second typical, program dependent
Compressor threshold -10 vu, nominally -6 dB
Ref .775 Vrms
Expander attack time 10 ms typical, program dependent
Expander slope 1:2 at Range Setting greater than 30 dB
2:3 at Range Setting less than 30 dB
Expander release time 20 dB/second typical, program dependent (tracks
compressor release)
De-esser side-chain breakpoint Typically 2 kHz (75 :s)
SPECIFICATIONS, MODEL 500 PH, CONTINUED
17 Model 500 PH 02/09/95 - JCF
EQUALIZER
Equalizer type First-Order Variable Boost and Cut Series
Bandpass Sections with a two-pole, all-pass
follower for reducing waveform asymmetry
Range of boost or cut 20 dB, typical
Low Frequency Equalizer f
c
Nominally 140 Hz
Mid-Range Equalizer f
c
Nominally 2.5 kHz
High Frequency Equalizer f
c
Nominally 5.0 kHz
ELECTRICAL
Mains input 115/230 Vac 50/60 Hz 10%
Mains connector IEC appliance input connector per IEC 320
RFI protected with printed circuit board LC network
Power consumption 15 VA maximum
Fuse rating Use a 5 X 20 mm fuse of the type specified below:
115 Vac 50 & 60 Hz - GDA 1/4 Amp Fast-Acting
230 Vac 50 & 60 Hz - GDC 1/16 Amp Time-Lag
- WARNING - Replace Fuse with Same TYPE and RATING Only.
Power Transformer Designed and certified to meet VDE & IEC safety
requirements
Phantom (parallel) micro-
phone power supply output Nominally +48 Vdc @ 6 mA dc
characteristics
MECHANICAL
The Model 500 PH is housed in a steel enclosure. A rack mounting kit is included for
installation into standard, 19" equipment racks.
Dimensions 1.75 Inches High, 16.75 Inches Wide, 8.25 Inches Deep
(4.45 cm High x 42.55 cm Wide x 20.95 cm Deep)
Shipping Weight Approximately 9 Pounds (4.08 kg)
SPECIFICATIONS, MODEL 500 PH, CONTINUED
18 Model 500 PH 07/08/94 - AMR
SPECIFICATION NOTES
0 dB and 0 dB
Ref .775 Vrms
refers to O vu at 0.775 Volts rms.
0 dBm refers to 0 vu at a power level of 1 mW into 600 Ohms.
Noise measurements are made using an rms-responding meter in a 20 kHz corrected noise
bandwidth.
CMRR = Common Mode Rejection Ratio
EIN = Equivalent Input Noise
Specifications are subject to change without notice.
Copyright 1994
Advanced Instrument Research
Corporation
All Rights Reserved