The major disadvantages of industrialization was the change in farming methods,

culture of the farm town, and potential industrial collapse when the community has a
single industry.
Thanks to industrialization, farmers left the fields in favor of a steady pay check. This
gave rise to bigger farms which required newer technology to grow product faster and be
able to weed easier. Thus, the hybrid seeds that have less nutritional value and
pesticides which destroyed things other than weeds, like birds.
The culture of the farm town also went away. Farm towns were places where
communities of people came together to help each other out in hard times. The towns
were small, the schools were small and children had a harder time slipping through the
cracks because everybody knew everybody else. One could argue that this was not
always a good thing.
Then there is the problem when the factory closes, creating too many families where the
bread winner no longer had a pay check. Think about the steel towns in Pennsylvania
or the iron mines in Northern Minnesota, or more recently, the Motor City of Detroit
without the car industry. Without a back up industry, families move; often leaving their
now worthless home behind, creating ghost towns and micro depressions within those
areas.
There were many advantages to industrialization, and one shouldn't minimize them, but
it did change many things for the worse.
The exploitation of natural resources started to emerge in the 19th century as natural
resource extraction developed. During the 20th century, energy consumption rapidly increased.
Today, about 80% of the worlds energy consumption is sustained by the extraction of fossil
fuels, which consists of oil, coal and gas. Another non-renewable resource that is exploited by
humans are Subsoil minerals such as precious metals that are mainly used in the production of
industrial commodities. Intensive agriculture is an example of a mode of production that hinders
many aspects of the natural environment, for example the degradation of forests in a terrestrial
ecosystem and water pollution in an aquatic ecosystem. As the world population rises
and economic growth occurs, the depletion of natural resourcesinfluenced by the unsustainable
extraction of raw materials becomes an increasing concern.
The Holocene extinction, sometimes called the Sixth Extinction, is a name proposed to
describe the extinction event of species that has occurred during the
present Holocene epoch (since around 10,000 BC) mainly due to human activity. The large
number of extinctions span numerous families
of plants and animals including mammals, birds, amphibians, reptiles and arthropods. Although
875 extinctions occurring between 1500 and 2009 have been documented by the International
Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, the vast majority are undocumented.
According to the species-area theory and based on upper-bound estimating, the present rate of
extinction may be up to 140,000 species per year.
[2]

The Holocene extinction includes the disappearance of large mammals known as megafauna,
starting between 9,000 and 13,000 years ago, the end of the last Ice Age. This may have been
due to the extinction of the mammoth that had maintained grasslands that became birch forests
without the mammoths. The new forest and the resulting forest fires may have induced climate
change. Such disappearances might be the result of the proliferation of modern humans which
led to climate change. These extinctions, occurring near the PleistoceneHolocene boundary,
are sometimes referred to as the Quaternary extinction event. The Holocene extinction continues
into the 21st century.
Oil depletion is the decline in oil production of a well, oil field, or geographic area. The Hubbert
peak theory makes predictions of production rates based on prior discovery rates and anticipated
production rates. Hubbert curves predict that the production curves of non-renewing resources
approximate a bell curve. Thus, according to this theory, when the peak of production is passed,
production rates enter an exponential decline.
A 2010 study published in the journal Energy Policy by researchers from Oxford
University predicted that demand would surpass supply by 2015, unless constrained by strong
recession pressures caused by reduced supply or government intervention.
The United States Energy Information Administration predicted in 2006 that world consumption of
oil will increase to 98.3 million barrels per day (15,630,000 m
3
/d) (mbd) in 2015 and 118 million
barrels per day in 2030. With 2009 world oil consumption at 84.4 mbd, reaching the projected
2015 level of consumption would represent an average annual increase between 2009 and 2015
of 2.7% per year.
Greenhouse gas (sometimes abbreviated GHG) is a gas in an atmosphere
that absorbs and emits radiation within the thermal infrared range. This process is the
fundamental cause of the greenhouse effect. The primary greenhouse gases in the Earth's
atmosphere are water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone. Greenhouse
gases greatly affect the temperature of the Earth; without them, Earth's surface would average
about 33 C colder, which is about 59 F below the present average of 14 C (57 F).
Since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution (taken as the year 1750), the burning of fossil
fuels and extensive clearing of native forests has contributed to a 40% increase in the
atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide, from 280 to 392.6 parts per million (ppm) in
2012. This increase has occurred despite the uptake of a large portion of the emissions by
various natural "sinks" involved in the carbon cycle. Anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO
2) emissions (i.e., emissions produced by human activities) come from combustion of carbon-
based fuels, principallywood, coal, oil, and natural gas. Under ongoing greenhouse gas
emissions, available Earth System Models project that the Earth's surface temperature could
exceed historical analogs as early as 2047 affecting most ecosystems on Earth and the
livelihoods of over 3 billion people worldwide. Greenhouse gases also trigger

ocean bio-
geochemical changes with broad ramifications in marine systems.
In the Solar System, the atmospheres of Venus, Mars, and Titan also contain gases that cause a
greenhouse effect, though Titan's atmosphere has an anti-greenhouse effect which reduces the
warming.

Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies
(e.g. lakes, rivers, oceans, aquifers and groundwater). Water pollution occurs
when pollutants are directly or indirectly discharged into water bodies without
adequate treatment to remove harmful compounds.
Water pollution affects plants and organisms living in these bodies of water. In almost all cases
the effect is damaging not only to individual species and populations, but also to the
natural biological communities.
Currently the "international development community" (World Bank, Organisation for Economic
Co-Operation and Development (OECD), many United Nations departments, and some other
organisations)endorses development policies like water purification or primary education and Co-
Operation amongst third world communities. There are members of the Economic communities
who don't believe in recognising that contemporary industrialisation policies as being adequate to
the global south (Third World countries) or beneficial in the longer term, with the perception that it
could only create inefficient local industries unable to compete in the free-trade dominated
political order which it has created.
The relationship between economic growth, employment and poverty reduction is complex.
Higher productivity is argued to be leading to lower employment (see jobless recovery). There
are differences across sectors, whereby manufacturing is less able than the tertiary sector to
accommodate both increased productivity and employment opportunities; over 40% of the
world's employees are "working poor" whose incomes fail to keep themselves and their families
above the $2 a daypoverty line. There is also a phenomenon of deindustrialisation, such as in the
former USSR countries' transition to market economies, and the agriculture sector often is the
key sector in absorbing the resultant unemployment.


The Third World
A similar state-led developing programme was pursued in virtually all the Third World countries
during the Cold War, including the socialist ones, but especially in Sub-Saharan Africa after
the decolonisation period.

The primary scope of those projects was to achieve self-
sufficiency through the local production of previously imported goods, the mechanisation of
agriculture and the spread of education and health care. However, all those experiences failed
bitterly due to a lack of realism: most countries did not have a pre-industrial bourgeoisie able to
carry on a capitalistic development or even a stable and peaceful state. Those aborted
experiences left huge debts toward western countries and fuelled public corruption.