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in
1
ECE-GATE 2014 Topic Test-Communication theory

Duration: 90 Minutes Maximum Marks: 50

Read the following papers instructions carefully:

1. There are a total of 33 questions carrying 50 marks. Questions are of multiple choice type or numerical
answer type. A multiple choice type question will have four choices for the answer with only one correct
choice. For numerical answer type questions, the answer is a number and no choices will be given. A
number as the answer should be entered by writing approximate value.

2. Q.1- Q.13 are of multiple choice type and carries 1 mark each. Q.14- Q.16 are of numerical answer type
and carries 1 mark each. Q.17- Q.24 are of multiple choice type and carries 2 marks each. Q.25- Q.29
are of numerical answer type and carries 2 marks each.Q.30-Q.31 include one pair of common data
questions which are of numerical answer type and carries 2 marks each and Q.32-Q.33 include one pair
of linked answer questions which are multiple choice type and carries 2 marks each. The answer to the
second question of the linked answer questions depends on the answer to the first question of the pair. If
the first question in the linked pair is wrongly answered or is not attempted then the answer to the second
question in the pair will not be evaluated.

3. Questions not attempted will result in zero mark. Wrong answers for multiple choice type questions will
result in NEGATIVE marks. For all 1 mark questions, 1/3 mark will be deducted for each wrong
answer. For all 2 marks questions, 2/3 mark will be deducted for each wrong answer. However, in the
case of the linked answer question pair, there will be negative marks only for wrong answer to the first
question and no negative marks for wrong answer to the second question. There is no negative
marking for questions of numerical answer type.

4. Objective questions must be answered on Objective Response Sheet (ORS) by marking (A, B, C, D)
using HB pencil against the question number on the left hand side of the ORS. For Numeric data
questions answer must be marked in form of numerical value only. Each question has only one correct
answer. In case you wish to change an answer, erase the old answer completely. More than one answer
marked against a question will be treated as a wrong answer.

5. Calculator is allowed. Charts, graph sheets or tables are NOT allowed in examination hall

6. Do the rough works in scribble pad provided/ In case of offline it can be done on paper itself?

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2
Q.1. Which of the following statement is not correct about envelop detector (Detection method of AM)
(A) It is an asynchronous detection method which used only diode, capacitor &resistor
(B) If RC time constant is low then there will be large amount of ripple and fluctuation at the output
(C) If RC time constant is high then there will be negative clipping or diagonal clipping at the output
(D) Output of envelop detector has only message signal without any DC component
Q.2. A 1 MHz sinusoidal carrier is amplitude modulated by a symmetrical square wave of period 100
micro sec then which of the following frequencies will be present at the output signal:
1. 1010 KHZ 2. 990 KHZ 3. 1020 KHZ 4.1030 KHZ
(A) 1, 2 & 3 only (B) 1, 2 & 4 only (C) 1, 3 & 4 only (D) 1, 2, 3 & 4
Q.3. Which of the following statement is not correct?
(A) A frequency modulated signal is produced when a modulating signal m(t) is integrated and
applied to a phase modulator
(B) For sinusoidally modulated FM carrier it is possible that for particular values of the modulation
index all the power lies in side frequencies and no power in the carrier
(C) When carrier to noise ratio is high an increase in transmission bandwidth decreases the figure of
merit of an FM system
(D) A phase modulator signal is produced when a modulating signal m(t) is differentiated and
applied to a frequency modulator
Q.4. The modulated carrier average power in an FM system is equal to the:
(A) Modulating signal power
(B) Unmodulated carrier power
(C) Difference between modulating signal power and unmodulated carrier power
(D) Sum of modulating signal power and unmodulated carrier power
Q.5. Which of the following statements are correct about FM?
1. Ideal value of bandwidth is infinite because FM spectrum consists of a carrier and infinite
number of side band components.
2. FM has better noise immunity in compare to AM due to Threshold effect in FM
3. It is impossible to differentiate between PM and FM by seeing modulated signal of PM&FM
(A) 1 & 2 only (B) 2 & 3 only (C) 1 & 3 only (D) 1, 2 & 3
Q.6. A composite signal is expressed as X
c
(t) = A
c
cos
c
t- A
m
cos (
c
-
m
)t +A
m
cos (
c
+
m
) t. Which
of the followings statements are true?
1. It is equation of NBFM signal
2. Bandwidth of this signal is 2w
m
same as in case of AM
3. Either envelop detector or discriminator method can be employed to retrieve the sinusoidal
component at
m
from x
c
(t)?
(A) 1 & 2 (B) 2 & 3 (C) 1 & 3 (D) 1, 2 & 3

3
Q.7. If Frequency modulated signal with
0
( ) cos ( )
t
FM c c f
X t A t k m t dt e
| |
= +
|
\ .
}
is applied to an Ideal
envelop detector then output at envelop detector will be :
(A) 0 (B) A
c
(C) m(t) (D) m(t)+ D.C signal
Q.8. Which of the following statement is not correct about RF amplifier in case of Super Hetro dyne
receiver (SHR)?
(A) Image channel rejection in SHR comes from RF amplifier only
(B) RF amplifier is also known as Pre-selector
(C) RF amplifier is compulsory in both AM and FM receiver
(D) RF amplifier is generally a Class-A amplifier
Q.9. A source produces 26 symbols with equal probability then what is the average value of information
produced by this source?
(A) 4 bits/symbols (B) 6 bits/symbols (C) 8 bits/symbols (D) between 4 and 6 bits/symbols
Q.10. Which one of the following signal pairs can represent a BPSK signal?

c c
(A) Acos 2 f t &Asin2 f t t t

c c
(B) Acos 2 f t & Asin2 f t t t

c c
(C) Acos 2 f t & Acos 2 f t t t

c c
(D) Acos 2 f t &2Asin2 f t t t

Q.11. QPSK system is superior to BPSK system because:
(A) Its bandwidth is higher than that of BPSK
(B) Interchannel interference in QPSK system is less that in BPSK system
(C) Bandwidth of QPSK is half of bandwidth of BPSK system
(D) In QPSK system inter symbol interference is improved
Q.12. In Time division multiple access system a traffic system on the receiver side must receive the traffic
burst addressed to it .For this
(A) Transmitting frame acquisition is required
(B) Proper synchronization of the timing of transmit frame is required
(C) Frame efficiency should be higher
(D) Synchronization is necessary to overcome the perturbation of satellite
Q.13. Which of the following has maximum probability of error?
(A) ASK (B) BPSK (C) BFSK (D) MSK
Q. 14. What is total power saving in percentage when carrier and one of the side bands are suppressed in an
AM wave modulated to a depth of 50%:
(A) 66.67% (B) 94.44% (C) 83.33% (D) 100%
Q.15. A single tone amplitude modulated signal at a modulation depth of 100% transmits a total power of
15 W then power in carrier component in watt is:
(A) 5W (B) 10W (C) 12 W (D) 15W
Q.16. A carrier wave of frequency 100 MHz is frequency modulated by a sinusoidal wave of amplitude of
20 Volt and frequency 100 KHz. If frequency sensitivity of modulator is 25 KHz/volt then the
bandwidth of FM signal in MHz is:
(A) 2.1 KHz (B) 2.1MHz (C) 1.2 KHz (D) 1.2MHz

4
100%
AM
DSB-SC
Sampler
5 KHz
LPF
(2.5 KHz)
S
2 S
3
4KHz
2KHz
Non-Linear
System
BPF v (t)
0
v (t)
1
v (t)
2
Q.17. If value of x
AM
(t) = [A + m(t)] cos w
c
t then value of output y(t) will be :

AM
x (t)
1
y (t)
2
y (t)
LPF y(t)
(w
c
)

cos w
c
t
A.
m(t)
2
B.
A m(t)
2
+
C. m(t) D. 0
Q.18. For the given block-diagram, shown in figure, what are freq
n
available at S
2
& S
3
respectively ??

A. 2 KHz & 0 KHz B. 2 KHz & 2.5 KHz
C. 6 KHz & 0 KHz D. 2 KHz & 2 KHz
Q.19. For given arrangement, if
v
1
(t) = 10 cos (2000 t t) + 4 sin (200 tt) and v
2
(t) = v
1
(t) + 0.1 v
1
2
(t)
Here Band Pass Filter used has pass band from (800 - 1200)Hz and gain is unity

Here output v
0
will have frequencies
A. 900, 1000 & 1100 Hz B. 900 & 1000 Hz
C. 1100 Hz D. 900 & 1100 Hz
Q.20. Consider a sampled signal y(t) = 5 10
6
x(t) o(t nT
s
) here

n =
T
s
= 5 sec. If x(t) is a band limited signal having freq
n
100 kHz, and y(t) is passed through an ideal
low pass filter with a cut off freq
n
of
50 kHz, then output of filter is
(a) x(t) o(t) (b) o(t) (c) 5 10
6
x(t) (d) x(t)
Q.21. An ON-OFF binary system us the pulse waveforms:
sin 0
( )
0 0
t
A t T
s t T
t T
t | |
s s
|
=
\ .
s s

Let A = 0.2 m volt and T = 2 sec. If Additive white noise with a P.S.D
15 0
10 / Hz
2
N
W = is
added to the signal. Determine Probability of error.
1
( ) 10 ( ) 10 ( )2 10 ( ) 5
2
a Q b Q c Q d Q

5
t
1
S(t)
+2
O
-2
2
Q.22 Zero mean white Gaussian noise with a one sided Power Spectral Density (P.S.D) of 8 W/kHz is
passed through an ideal low pass filter with a cut-off frequency of 2 kHz and a pass band gain of 1to
produce noise output n(t): Auto-correlation function of noise n (t) as a function of is
(a) Rectangular (b) Sinc function
(c) Triangular (d) Sinc
2
function.
Q.23. An arbitrary signal m(t) has zero average value and it is band limited to 3.2 KHz. If it is sampled at
rate of 8 k, samples/sec and samples are passed through an ideal Band Pass Filter with centre
frequency of 32 kHz & band width of 6.4 KHz then output of band pass filter is:
(a) AM DSB with full carrier (b) AM DSB with suppressed carrier
(c) AM SSB with carrier (d) A sequence of exponentially decaying sine-wave.
Q.24. 12, signals each band limited to 5 kHz are to be transmitted over a single channel by FDM.
(If AM-SSB, modulation guard band of 1 kHz is used, then the band width of Multiplexed signal is)
(a) 51 kHz (b) 61 kHz (c) 71 kHz (d) 81 kHz
Q.25. For the given block, diagram shown in figure what is the value of carrier frequency in MHz at the
output of FM, transmitter:

where n
1
and n
2
are multipliers
It is given that f
1
equal to 200 KHz, f
LO
= 10.8 MHz n
1
= 64 and n
2
= 48
Q.26. For given signal S(t) shown below what is the slope of matched filter output during interval 1 s t s 2
is:

Q.27. If variance ox
2
of d(n) = x(n) x(n 1) is one tenth of variance ox
2
of a stationary zero-mean
discrete time signal x(n), then normalized Auto correlation function
2
( )
1
XX
x
R k
at k
o
= is:
Q.28. In AM, receiver, operating with a sinusoidal modulating signal and 50% modulation has an o/p SNR
of 30 dB. What is the numerical value of carrier to noise ratio.
Q.29. An envelope detector has a source resistance R
S
= 75 ohm and a load resistance R
L
= 10 k if
C
= 2
10
5
Rad/sec,
m
= 2 10
3
Rad/sec then suitable value of C in micro farad is:
Common data for questions (30 31)
If a signal x(t) has band width of 100 kHz.
y(t) = x(t/2) is convolved with x(t).
ie. Z(t) = x(t) y(t)
30. Maximum frequency of z(t) will be:
31. Sampling Frequency of z (t) is:

6
Data for linked questions (32 33)
If base band signal m(t) in frequency translated signal v(t) = m(t) cos(2 f
c
t)is recovered by
multiplying waveform cos(2 f
c
t + u) to v(t). If m(t) is band limited to 10 kHz, then to recover m (t)
by 90% of maximum possible value.
32. Value of max
m
allowable phaseu must be.
(a) cos
1
(0.9) (b) cos
1
(1.8) (c) sin
1
(0.8) (d) sin
1
(0.7)
33. Value of Minimum frequency f
c
must be.
(a) 5 kHz (b) 10 kHz (c) 15 kHz (d) 20 kHz.

7
R
+
s(t)
ECE-GATE 2014 Topic Test-Communication theory-solution:

1. (D) Envelop Detector
( ) s t A.Mwave

Graph on time domain

Always keep time constant
c
1
RC
f
> . If t is very low then large amount of ripple will be
Formed.
If t is very high then if capacitor will not discharge properly and diagonal clipping problem
will be present. If
m
1
RC
f
< Asynchronous
Output of envelop detector = ( ) m t D.C signal +
2. (B)
c m
f , f out put
c m e m e m
f f , f 2f , f 3f This will arise when all harmonics are presents.
Square, Triangular & Saw tooth will have only odd harmonic. So message signal will have frequency
m, m
f 3f &
m
5f
So modulated signal will have
c m m m c m
f f , f 3f , f 5f

c
m
c m
c m
c m
f 1MHz
f 10KHz
f f 1010KHz
f f 990KHz
f _ 3f 1030KHz
=
=
+ =
=
=

c m
f 3f 970Hz =
3. (C)
4. (B) ( ) ( )
t
c 0 c f
s t A C t k m t dt
| |
= e +
|
\ .
}

Signal for AM
2
a
t c
m
P P 1
2
| |
= +
|
\ .

2
c
t
A
P
2
= = Unmodulated carrier power.

8
R.F Mixer I.F Detector m(t)
L.O
104+10.7=114.7Hz
10.7MHz
91.1, 104, 98, 100...
91.1+10.7=101.8Hz
(Local oscillator)
5. (C) Capture effect
It remove weak signal & catch only strong signals amplitude
Noise is unwanted thing which has fixed amplitude and contain infinite no of frequency.
Signal to Noise is very small then there will be clocking of sound when to known as
threshold effect
6. (A) Narrow band detection cant be done by envelop detector. Because Envelop contains
Amplitude where as F.M. contain frequency.
7. (B) ( )
c Q c I
x t x cos t x sin t = e e
Envelop =
2 2
Q I
x x +
( ) ( )
c c
x t A cos t = e +u

c c c c
x(t) A cos cos A sin t sin = e u e u

c I
x A cos = u

Q c
x A sin = u

2 2 2
c c
c
Envelop A cos A sin
A
= u+ u
=

So Envelop of F.M is always constant and is equal to amplitude of un-modulated carrier.
8. (C)

= Image frequency rejection.
s i
s i
f f
f f
=
A.M: ( )
s
f 1000KHz say =

{ }
i s i
f f 2I.F f 1000 2 455 1910 I.F 455 = + = + = =

( ) ( )
( )
2
2
1910 1000
1910 1000
1.386 For A.M
1000 1910 1910000
=
For F.M: Let
s i s
f 100MHz, IF 10.7MHz, f f 2IF 100 21.4 121.4 = = = + = + =
121.4 100
0.39
100 121.4
= =
Image frequency rejection is very small in case of F.M without R.F. and is very high in A.M without R.F. So
R.F amplifier is optional in A.M where as it is necessary in F.M

9
9. (D) For equally probable signal

2
2
2
H log M
log26
log 26 4.7
log
=
= =

10. (C) For BPSK
( )
1 c
S t Acos t 1 = e +

( )
c
c
Acos t 1 or zero
= Acos t
= e + t
e

For BPSK Two units are 0 & 1.
For QPSK Four units are 00, 01, 10, 11
8 array P.S.K 000, 001, 010, 011, 100, 101, 110, 111

N
M 2 = For M array PSK
if ( ) N 1, M 2 0,1 = =

( )
( )
N 2, M 4 00, 01,10,11
N 3, M 8 000, 001, 111
= =
= =

B. W for M-array P.S.K =
b
2f
N
| |
|
\ .

For BPSK 2f
b

b
b
2f
QPSK
2
2f
8......
3

11. (C)
12. (B)
13. (A) ( )
b
e
0
E 1
P min erfc
2 N
= BPSK
( )
b
e
0
0.25E 1
P min erfc
2 N
= ASK
( )
b
e
0
0.5E 1
P min erfc
2 N
= Orthogonal FSK

( )
( )
b
e
0
s
e
0
0.6E 1
P min erfc Non orthogonal FSK
2 N
E 1
P min exp DPSK
2 N
=
| |
=
|
\ .

Ask has highest whereas BPSK has lowest probability error

10
BPSK superior to FSK by 3dB. In case of orthogonal F.S.K.
PSK it superior to non orthogonal FSK by around 2dB.
PSK is superior to ASK by 6 dB.
F.S.K is superior to ASK by around 3 to 4dB
14. Ans=99.44%

2
a
t c
m
P P 1
2
| |
= +
|
\ .
The power is only valid when message is sinusoidal signal

a
m 0.5 =

{ }
t c c
2
' a c
t c a
1 9
P P 1 P
8 8
m P
1
P P m
4
4 16
| |
= + =
|
\ .
| |
= = =
|
\ .

c
'
c
t t
c
t
9
P
P
P P 16 17
8
% Saving 100 94.44%
9P
P 18
8
= = = =
15. Ans=10 Watt
2
a
t c
m
P P 1
2
| |
= +
|
\ .

16. Ans=1.2 MHz

m
B.W 2 f 2f = A +

f m
f k .A A =

f
k = Amplitude Sensitivity

f
W k .Am A =
W 2 f Hertz = t
eg. : 10 rad / s. volt t
5Hz / volt
f 25KHz 20 500KHz A = =

m
f 100KHz =
B.W 1200KHz = 1.2MHz
17. (A)
2
1 c
c
y ( ) [A m( )]cos t
A + m(t)
(1 cos 2 t)
2
t t = +
| |
= +
|
\ .

2
A + m(t)
y (t)
2
| |
=
|
\ .

18. (D) DSB-SC, will generate 4 2 KHz ie. 2KHz & 6KHz
sampler will sample only 2 KHz & after passing through LPF output will be 2KHz.
19. (A) v
2
(t) = 10 cos(2000 tt) + 4 sin(200 tt)

11
+ 0.1 cos
2
(2000 tt) + 16 sin
2
(400 tt)
+ 40 [sin (2200 tt)+cos (1800 tt)]
Capacitor will block DC signal
m(t)
y(t)
2
=

20. (D)
21. (B)
22. (B)
23. (A)
24. (B)
B.W of Multiplexed = 125 + 1= 61 KHz
25. Ans=96 MHz
f
2
= 20064 = 12.8 MHz
f
3
= 12.8 10.8 = 2 MHz
Carrier freq
n
= 248 = 96 MHz
26. Ans=8
Just take energy of this given signal
27. Ans=0.95
d(n) = x(n) x(n 1)
{ } ( )
2
2 2
( ) ( ) ( 1) 2 ( ) ( 1) d n x n x n x n x n = +
Mean square value -
| |
2 2 2
( ) ( ) ( 1) 2 ( ) ( 1) E d n E x n E x n E x n x n ( ( ( = +

2 2 2 2 2
2 2
2
2 (1) .1
0.1 2 2 (1)
(1) 1.90
0.95
2
d x x XX d x
x x XX
XX
x
R
R
R
o o o o o
o o
o
= + =
=
= =

28. Ans=4000
29. Ans=0.01 Micro Farad
30. Ans=300 KHz &31.Ans=600 KHz.
x(t) has freq
n
of 100 KHz
y(t) = x(t/2) has freq
n
of 200 KHz
z(t) = y(t) y(t) will have freq
n
of 100 + 200 = 300 KHz
Sampling freq
n
of z(t) = 600 KHz
32. (A)
33. (B)
y(t) = m(t). cos (2t f
C
t). cos (2t f
c
t + u)=
( )
[cos(4 ) cos ]
2
c
m t
f t t u u + +
After passing LPF:
1
( )
( ) cos
2
m t
v t u =

1
( ) ( )
cos 0.9 cos 0.9 cos (0.9)
2 2
m t m t
u u u

= = =

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