Sie sind auf Seite 1von 27

Surname

Name

American Academy Larnaca

Year 7 Advanced Physics

Instructions
Use black ink or ball-point pen
Write your name at the top of this page
Answer all questions in the spaces provided
there may be more space than you need
Information
The total mark for this paper is 80
The marks for each question are shown in square brackets
use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question
Questions labelled with an asterisk (*) are ones where the quality
of your written communication will be assessed
you should take particular care with your spelling, punctuation and grammar, as
well as the clarity of expression, on these questions
The list of data, formulae and relationships is printed at the end of this paper
Candidates may use a scientific calculator
Advice
Read each question carefully before you start to answer it
Keep an eye on the time
Try to answer every question
Check your answers if you have time at the end

Semester 2
Unit 5
Topic 3
Test 2
Physics from Creation to Collapse
Simple Harmonic Motion
Tuesday 25 February 2014
Time: 1 hour 30 min
You must have:
Scientific calculator
Ruler

Total Marks
1.

A mass is hung from a vertical spring and set into vertical oscillation.
The time period will


A Decrease as energy is lost from the system

B Decrease as the amplitude decreases

C Stay constant provided the spring obeys Hookes law

D Increase as the amplitude decreases
(Total for Question 1 = 1 mark)
2.

When a large number of people walk across the bridge simultaneously the bridge may be
set into oscillation.

This is an example of


A Free oscillation

B Forced oscillation

C Natural oscillation

D Normal oscillation
(Total for Question 2 = 1 mark)
3.

A particle of mass m oscillates in a straight line with simple harmonic motion of constant
amplitude. The total energy of the particle is E. What is the total energy of another particle
of mass 3m, oscillating with simple harmonic motion of the same amplitude but double the
frequency?


A E

B 3E

C 4E

D 12 E
(Total for Question 3 = 1 mark)
4.

A mass on the end of a spring undergoes vertical simple harmonic motion. At which
point(s) is the magnitude of the resultant force on the mass a maximum


A at the centre of the oscillation

B only at the top of the oscillation

C only at the bottom of the oscillation

D at both the top and bottom of the oscillation
(Total for Question 4 = 1 mark)


(Turn over)

5.

When a mass M attached to a spring X, as shown in Figure 1, is displaced downwards and
released it oscillates with time period T. An identical spring is connected in series and the
same mass M is attached, as shown in Figure 2.

What is the new time period?





A 2 T


B
2


C

2



D

2

(Total for Question 5 = 1 mark)
6. An object performs simple harmonic motion with a natural frequency of 0.5 Hz.
It is first released from a negative displacement of 4 cm at t = 0.


At what moment t will the object have a positive displacement of +1.5 cm for the first time?


A t = 0.122 sec

B t = 0.377 sec

C t = 0.622 sec

D t = 2.0 sec
[Total for Question 3 = 1 mark]
4 cm 0 1.5 cm

7. The graph below shows the relationship between displacement and acceleration for
the same object as in question 6 performing simple harmonic motion with a
frequency of 0.5 Hz.


Which row gives the correct value of the gradient and of point S on the graph?

Gradient Value S

A

7.1

B 0.13

C 2 2.5

D
2
0.39

(Total for Question 7 = 1 mark)
8.


For an object undergoing simple harmonic motion select the graph that represents the
variation of potential energy with displacement.



A

B

C

D
Total for Question 8 = 1 mark)
x / m
a / m s
2

0.04
0.04
S
9.

An object is hung from a vertical spring and undergoes undamped simple harmonic motion.
It is correct to say that there no changes in the

A Elastic potential energy of the oscillating system

B Kinetic energy of the oscillating system

C Total energy of the oscillating system

D All of the above


(Total for Question 9 = 1 mark)
10.

Which of the following descriptions cannot apply to the oscillations of a system
undergoing resonance?


A Free

B Driven

C Forced

D Damped

(Total for Question 10 = 1 mark)














11. Define simple harmonic motion (s.h.m.).
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
(2)

On graph (i), the curve labelled A shows how the displacement x of a body executing simple
harmonic motion varies with time t.
On graph (ii), the curve labelled B shows how the acceleration a of this body varies over the
same time interval.


Add to either graph a curve labelled C showing how the velocity of this body varies over the
same time interval.
Which pair of curves illustrates the definition of simple harmonic motion?
...............................................................................................................................................
(3)

(Total for Question 11 = 5 marks)
x
x
A
B
t
t
Graph (i)
Graph (ii)
12. An archer is carrying out some target practice with his bow and arrow.

He attaches an apple to a spring hung from a fixed support and sets the apple into vertical
oscillations. The apple performs simple harmonic motion.

(a) Describe the conditions required for a spring to perform simple harmonic motion.
(2)





(b) The apple has mass of 0.1948 kg and causes a static extension of 9 cm when attached
to the spring. Calculate the springs constant.
(2)







k=.......................


(Turn over)


(c) The diagram shows the apple on the spring. A and B are the positions of maximum
displacement and O is the equilibrium position of the apple. The distance AB is 16 cm.

Sketch a graph to show how the displacement of the apple varies with time.
Include units and numerical values on both axes.
(4)

(d) Calculate the maximum velocity of the apple as it oscillates.
(3)



(e) The archer fires an arrow towards the apple as it is oscillating.
Explain at which position of the apple the archer has the best chance of scoring a direct hit.
(2)





*(f) Over time the amplitude of the apples oscillation will decrease to zero.
Explain how the principle of conservation of energy applies to this situation.
(3)










(Total for Question 12 = 16 marks)



(Turn over)


13. Figure 4 shows how the kinetic energy, Ek, of an oscillating mass varies with time when it
moves with simple harmonic motion.


(a) Determine the frequency of the oscillations of the mass.
(2)



f=.
(b) Sketch, on Figure 4, a graph showing how the potential energy of the mass varies
with time during the first second.
(2)





(Turn over)




(c) Figure 5 shows a ride called a jungle swing.

The harness in which three riders are strapped is supported by 4 steel cables. An advert for the
ride states that the riders will be released from a height of 45 m above the ground and will then
swing with a period of 14.0 s. It states that they will be 1.0 m above the ground at the lowest
point and that they will travel at speeds of up to 120 km per hour.

Treating the ride as a simple pendulum, show that the distance between the pivot and the centre
of mass of the riders is about 49 m.
(2)




Explain why the ride cannot actually be treated as a simple pendulum
(1)



(d) The riders and their harness have a total mass of 280 kg.
Calculate the tension in each cable at the lowest point of the ride, assuming that the riders
pass through this point at a speed of 120kmh
1
. Assume that the cables have negligible
mass and are vertical at this point in the ride.
(4)




Tension in each cable = ..................................
(e) Show that the maximum speed stated in the advert is an exaggerated claim.
Assume that the riders are released from rest and neglect any effects of air resistance.
(4)





(f) The riders lose 50% of the energy of the oscillation during each half oscillation. After
one swing, the speed of the riders as they pass the lowest point is 20ms
1
. Calculate the
speed of the riders when they pass the lowest point, travelling in the same direction after
two further complete oscillations.
(3)








speed of riders = .................................
(Total for Question 13 = 18 marks)
14. A mass is hung on a spring as shown in the diagram. When the mass is pulled down and
released, it oscillates at the natural frequency of the system.

When the top of the spring is forced to move up and down at this natural frequency, resonance
occurs.

The system below is set up to observe what happens to the oscillations of the mass as the
frequency f of the vibration generator is varied.

(a) State what you would observe as f gets close to the resonant frequency.
(1)











(Turn over)





(b) As f is varied, the amplitude of oscillation A of the mass is recorded. The results are shown
on the graph.


(i) Use the graph to estimate the resonant frequency. (1)

Resonant frequency = ................... Hz
(ii) Describe how you would improve the experiment to obtain a more accurate value for the
resonant frequency.
(2)





(iii) Suggest why it would be better to use an ultrasound position sensor and data logger to
record the position of the mass.
(2)




(Total for Question 14 = 6 marks)
15. A diving board oscillates with simple harmonic motion of frequency 5.0 Hz.



(a) State the maximum downward acceleration of the man while oscillating on the diving
board.
(1)
Acceleration = .......................
(b) Explain your answer.
(2)






(c) Calculate the maximum amplitude with which the end of the board can vibrate in
order that the man does not lose contact with the board during the oscillation.
(4)




Amplitude = ...........................
(Total for Question 15 = 7 marks)


16. A box P moves on the x-axis with simple harmonic motion about the origin O as
centre. When P is a distance 0.04 m from O, its speed is 0.2 m s
1
and the magnitude
of its acceleration is 1 m s
2
.



(a) Calculate the period of the motion
(3)



Period = ....................
(b) The amplitude of the motion.
(3)




Amplitude = ......................
(c) The total time during one complete oscillation for which the distance OP is
greater than

(where A is the amplitude of the motion).


(4)











Time = ..............................

(Total for Question 16 = 10 marks)

(Turn over)


17. This question is about the sport of bungee jumping. A girl of mass 70 kg jumps from a
bridge 100 m above a river. Attached to her ankles is an elastic rope that extends as she falls and
brings her to momentary halt 10 m above the water surface.

*(a) Describe the energy transfers which occurs from the time the girl jumps until she first
comes to rest.
(3)








(b) After the first bounce of a bungee jump, the jumper oscillates on the end of the rope.
These oscillations have an initial amplitude of 4.0 m and a period of 5.0 s.

Verify, with a suitable calculation, that the rope is never slack during these
oscillations.
(3)






(c) Briefly describe the oscillations experienced by the jumper.
(2)





(Total for Question 17 = 8 marks)
List of data, formulae and relationships
Acceleration of free fall g = 9.81 m s
2
(close to Earths surface)
Boltzmann constant k = 1.38 10
23
J K
1

Coulombs law constant k = 1 / 4
0
= 8.99 10
9
N m
2
C
2

Electronvolt 1 eV = 1.60 10
19
J
Gravitational constant G = 6.67 10
11
N m
2
kg
2

Gravitational field strength g = 9.81 N kg
1
(close to Earths surface)
Permittivity of free space
0
= 8.85 10
12
F m
1

Planck constant h = 6.63 10
34
J s
Proton mass m
p
= 1.67 10
27
kg
Speed of light in a vacuum c = 3.00 10
8
m s
1

Stefan-Boltzmann constant = 5.67 10
8
W m
2
K
4

Unified atomic mass unit u = 1.66 10
27
kg
Unit 1
Mechanics
Kinematic equations of motion v = u + a t
s = u t +
1
/
2
a t
2

v
2
= u
2
+ 2 a s
Forces F = m a
g = F / m
W = m g
Work and energy W = F s
E
k
=
1
/
2
m v
2

E
grav
= m g h
Materials
Stokes law F = 6 r v
Hookes law F = k x
Density = m / V
Pressure p = F / A
Young modulus E = / Where
Stress = F / A
Strain = x / x
Elastic strain energy E
el
=
1
/
2
F x
Unit 2

Waves
Wave speed v = f
Refractive index
1

2
= sin i / sin r = v
1
/ v
2


Electricity
Potential difference V = W / Q
Resistance R = V / I
Electrical power P = V I
P = I
2
R
P = V
2
/ R
Energy W = V I t
Efficiency % efficiency =
useful energy output
energy input
100

% efficiency =
useful power output
power input
100
Resistivity R = L / A
Current I = Q / t
I = n q v A
Resistors in series R = R
1
+ R
2
+ R
3

Resistors in parallel
1
R
=
1
R
1
+
1
R
2
+
1
R
3


Quantum physics
Photon model E = h f
Einsteins photoelectric equation h f =
1
/2 m v
max
2



Unit 4

Mechanics
Momentum p = m v
Kinetic energy of non-relativistic particle E
K
= p
2
/ 2 m
Motion in a circle v = r
T = 2 /
F = m a = m v
2
/ r
a = v
2
/ r
a = r
2


Fields
Coulombs Law F = k Q
1
Q
2
/ r
2
where k = 1 / 4
0

Electric Field E = F / Q
E = k Q / r
2

E = V / d
Capacitance C = Q / V
Energy stored in capacitor W =
1
/
2
Q V
Capacitor discharge Q = Q
0
e
t / R C

In a magnetic field F = B I l sin
F = B q v sin
r = p / B Q
Faradays and Lenzs Laws = d(N ) / dt

Particle physics
Mass-Energy E = c
2
m
de Broglie wavelength = h / p













1. C
2. B
3. D
4. D
5. B
6. C
7. D
8. A
9. C
10. A
11. Simple harmonic motion
Acceleration/force is proportional to displacement from equilibrium (1)
but in the opposite direction / towards equilibrium point /mean point (1) 2
Graph
Sine curve (1)
-ve [consequent] (1)
A and B / (i) and (ii) / a & x [beware a v x] (1) 3
[5]
12.
(a)
- obeys Hookes law or similar
- able to provide restoring force
(b)
F = mg ( 1 mark)
kx=mg k = (0.1948*9.81)/0.09 k = 21.2 N/m (2 mark)
(c)
- sinusoidal graph (starting point not important) & units m or cm and s
- at least 1.5 cycles
- Amplitude marked as 8 cm or A/B marked
- T= 0.60 s (use of equation)
(d)
- use of =2f
- use of v
max
= A
- v = 0.84 m/s
(e)


(f)

Examiners report:
This question was poorly answered, with few candidates gaining full marks. Many
candidates started their response by stating the principle of conservation of energy, so
scoring the first mark. Many also understood that the damping effect meant energy
dissipation and so could score the second mark. However, it proved difficult to award the
third marking point, as although many candidates understood that viscous drag must be
present to lead to the damping they failed to mention work had to be done to overcome
this force.
Some quoted the principle of conservation of energy without explaining how it applied to
the damping and others discussed the interchange between KE and PE without referring to
damping.
Many candidates said that energy was lost, which is unacceptable at this level.
Candidates should understand that the principle of conservation of energy demands that
all energy must be accounted for, and that work done against resistive forces leads to a
transfer of energy out of the oscillating system.






13.

angle is larger than 5 or 6 degrees










14
(a) The amplitude of the oscillation increases (accept maximum amplitude)
(b) (i) Maximum correctly read to 3 s.f. from properly dran curve (1) around 1.60 Hz
(b)(ii)
- Take more readings (1)
- At the turning point or around the resonant frequency
(b)(iii) Any two:
- more accurate
- reduces random error
- reduces percentage uncertainty or reduces uncertainty
- allows many more readings to be taken in a given time

15
(a) g
(b)
- maximum downward force equals W or similar
- According to N2 a=g
(c)
-Apply N2: W-N = ma
- N=0
- a=g
2
A=g
- A= 9.81/(25)
2
A=0.0099m



16.
(a)
- Use of a =
2
x
- Correct substitution: 1 =
2
x 0.04
- T=1.3 s
(b)
- Use of v
2
=
2
(A
2
-x
2
)
- Correct sub: 0.2
2
=5
2
(A
2
-0.04
2
)
- A = 0.057 m
(c)
(c) Using cos x a t

1
cos
2
a a t ecf their
5
3
t



15
t



4
4
15
T t

or 0.84s








17.
(a)
- GPE KE + Heat (due to air resistance) (1)
- As the elastic rope extends GPE KE + Heat (work done against air resistance) + Elastic potential
all four correct (1)
- After the equilibrium point GPE + KE Heat (work done against air resistance) + Elastic all four
correct (1)
- if no reference to heat energy then max 2 marks
(b)
- Calculation of a
max
(=
2
A) [6.32 m s
2
] (1)
- Comparison with g 9.81 m s
1
(1)
- Deduction (1)

(c)
- motion is damped shm or reference to damping
- so amplitude decreases or energy is dissipated to heat

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen