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1250

JOB No. 99304

900

1700

450

BASIC CRITERIA
Route of Pipe Line
Pipe Nominal Diameter

3500 NB

Pipe OD

3556 mm

Design Pressure

6 kgf/cm

Average height of ground above top of pipe

1250 mm

Pipe Material

4.1 '

IS 3589 : FE 410

Thickness of Cement Mortar (Internal & External)


Allowable stress (50% of yield point)
Modulus of Elasticity of Steel, E
Poisson's Ratio for steel, n

250006625.xls.ms_office

140 ''
2

0 mm
1200 kgf/cm2

1.7E+04 psi

2.1E+06 kgf/cm3

3.0E+07 psi

0.3

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JOB No. 99304


A. CALCULATION FOR INTERNAL PRESSURE
As per ANSI B31.1
Estimation of Thickness due to Internal Pressure

t=

tm
(1-m)

tm =

PD0
2(SE+PY)

+A

Where :
tm = Thickness without Mill Tolerance
t = Thickness after Mill Tolerance
6 kgf/cm2

P= Internal Pressure,
D0= Outside Diameter

3556 mm
1200 kgf/cm2

S= Allowable stress
A= Corrosion Allowance

0 mm

E= Joint Efficiency
Y= Factor
m= Mill Tolerance

80%

for ERW Pipe

0.4

for ERW Pipe

10.0%

Calculated Thickness without Mill Tolerance, tm =

11.08 mm

Calculated Thickness with Mill Tolerance, t =

12.32 mm

Nearest Available Plate Thickness

14 mm

Pipe thickness Adopted

14 mm

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Refer 4.4 AWWA M-11

As per Cl 11.2 of IS3589

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JOB No. 99304


B. CHECK FOR EXTERNAL PRESSURE
Step 1
As per IS 2825 (Clause 3.3.3.2)
Estimation of Thickness under External Pressure
Maximum Allowable vacuum
tm = 1.03*D0/100*(PK)0.33
P= 1/K(t*100/(1.03*Do))3

for

L/D0>

0.056 kgf/cm2 0.794

14.4/(PK)0.166
psi

Where :
t = Thickness after Mill Tolerance

14.0 mm
1 kgf/cm2

P= Minimum Internal Pressure,


D0= Outside Diameter
K=

3556 mm

Elastic Modulus of Steel at Design Temp

1 mm

Elastic Modulus of Steel at Room Temp

A= Corrosion Allowance

0 mm

Step 2
As per Sl. No. 1 of Table XIII of Roark (4th Edition)
External Collapsing Pressure
p'=

tsy
R(1+(4sy/E)(R/t)2)

0.250 kgf/cm2 3.549

psi

Where :
t = wall thickness

14 mm

R= Radius of pipe

1778.0 mm
1200 kgf/cm2

sy= compressive yield point

2.1E+06 kgf/cm2

E= Modulus of elasticity

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JOB No. 99304


Step 3
As per Table XVI item Q of Roark (4th Ed) & equation 4-2 of AWWA M-11, 2nd Ed 1987.
Collapse resistance (Pc) of Un-reinforced steel pipe against uniform radially acting external pressure

Pc=

2Et3

0.288 kgf/cm2 4.102

(1-n2)D3

psi

Where :
2.1E+06 kgf/cm2

E= Modulus of Elasticity
n= Poisson's Ratio

0.3

t = Pipe Wall thickness

14 mm

D= Neutral Axis Diameter

3528 mm

Stewart's formula is more conservative than above as it also accounts for wall thickness variation out of
roundness and other manufacturing tolerances.
Collapsing Pressure
Pc= 50200000 (t/D)3

0.221 kgf/cm2

3 psi

Where :
t = Pipe Wall thickness

0.5512 inch

D= Neutral Axis Diameter


t/D=

138.9 inch

0.00397 <0.023

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JOB No. 99304


C. CHECK AGAINST BUCKLING
As per equation 6-7 of AWWA M-11, 2nd ed 1987
Pipe embedded in soil may collapse or buckle from elastic instability resulting from external forces due to
earth load and/or internal vacuum.
Allowable Buckling Pressure
qa= 1/F(32RwB'E'(EI/D3))

0.753541 kgf/cm2

10.7 psi

where
F= Design Factor

3 for h/D <2


2.5 for h/D >=2

D= Diameter of Pipe

140 inch

Rw= Water Bouyancy factor

0.736

1-0.33(hw/h)
h= height of ground surface above top of pipe
hw= height of water surface above top of pipe
h/D=

49.213 inch
39.37 inch

0hwh

0.3515

B'= Empirical coefficient of elastic support

0.1644

0.150+0.041(h/D)

for 0h/D5

0.150+0.014(h/D)

for 5h/D80

E= Modulus of Elasticity

3E+07 for Steel

E'= Modulus of Soil

1750 psi

I= Moment of inertia of X-section of Pipe wall

0.014 in4/lin in

=t3/12
t= thickness of pipe

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0.5512 inch

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JOB No. 99304


Compared to above, the total external pressure on the pipe is
Pt= gw hw + Rw Wc/D + Pi
gw = Specific weight of water

0.0361 lb/in

h= ht. of ground surface above top of pipe

49.213 inch

hw= ht. of water surface above top of pipe

39.37 inch

Rw= Water Bouyancy factor

0.736

0hwh

1-0.33(hw/h)
D= Diameter of Pipe

140 inch

Wc= Weight of Conduit

68.751 lb/lin in

Pi= 100% Vacuum

14.2 psi

Vehicle Load

3 psi

Total Load, Pt (Considering Internal Vacuum) =


Total Load, Pt (Considering Wheel Load) =

Case I
Case II

15.983 psi

1.124 kgf/cm2

4.783 psi

0.336 kgf/cm2

for Case I (Internal Vacuum):

Pipe Chosen is liable to fail under Buckling

for Case II (Wheel Load):

Pipe Chosen is Safe

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JOB No. 99304


D. CHECK AGAINST HORIZONTAL DEFLECTION
As per equation 6-1 of AWWA M-11, 2nd ed 1987
Pipe deformation: Sprangler's formula
Marston ditch conduit formula
W= Cd w Bd2

(1)

For a flexible pipe, equation (1) is revised to


Wc= Cd w Bd2 (Bc/Bd)

when the trench width is less than 2D

(2a)

Wc= Hc w Bc

when the trench width is more than 2D

(2b)

where
Wc= dead load on the conduit

5980.7 lb/ft

using (2b)

w= unit weight of fill material

125 lb/ft

Cd = Load Coefficient based on Hc/Bd

0.5 (Fig 8.3 of AWWA M-11 1st ed)

Bc= Pipe OD

11.667 ft

Bd= width of ditch at top of pipe

14.62 ft

Hc = Height of fill

4.10 ft

equations 2(a) or 2(b) are the probable minimum loading. The actual load in a given case will be
intermediate of the two
W = (WC+WL)/12

918.39 lb/lin in

WL= Live load

5040 lb/lin ft

Considering Truck Load

1.276 in

0.91%

Sprangler's formula for horizontal deflection


Horizontal Deflection of Pipe
Dx = Dl (KWr3)/(EI+0.061E'r3)

32.4 mm
where
Dl = Deflection Lag Factor

1.5

K = Bedding Constant

0.1

r = radius of pipe

70 in

t= pipe wall thickness

0.5512 in

E = Modulus of Elasticity

3E+07 psi
0.014 in4/lin in

I = Moment of Inertia
E' = Modulus of Soil

1750 psi

Pipe Chosen is safe under Horizontal Deflection

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JOB No. 99304


E. CHECK AGAINST COMBINED LATERAL STRESS
Bending moment in pipe shell (Considering lateral support is available)
M=

Kb W r E I
E I+0.061 E'r3 - 2Kq Pe r3

1.70E-04

r= Radius of Pipe

kg cm

177.8 cm

W= Weight of Conduit

12.28 kg/cm

Kb= Bedding Coefficient

0.235

Kq= Coefficient

0.103

for q =30o

2.1E+06 kgf/cm2

E = Modulus of Elasticity

0.2287 cm4/lin cm

I = Moment of Inertia

28.123 kgf/cm2

E' = Modulus of Soil

1 kgf/cm2

Pe= External Uniform Pressure


Compressive Stress

0.0005 kgf/cm2

sc = M/z

0.3267 cm3/lin cm

z = Section Modulus
Longitudinal Stress

127 kgf/cm2

sp = Pe D/2t
Total Stress

127.33 kgf/cm2

s = sc + sp
As total stress is less than the Allowable, hence safe

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JOB No. 99304


F. CHECK AGAINST COMBINED INT PR & EXTERNAL LOAD

st =

Kb W r E t
2(E I+0.061 E'r3 + 2Kq Pe r3)

0.003

kgf/cm2

r= radius of Pipe

177.8 cm

W= Weight of Conduit

12.277 kg/cm

Kb= Bedding Coefficient

0.235

Kq= Coefficient

0.103

for q =30o

2.1E+06 kgf/cm2

E = Modulus of Elasticity

0.2287 cm4/lin cm

I = Moment of Inertia

28.123 kgf/cm2

E' = Modulus of Soil

6 kgf/cm3

P = Internal Pressure
Longitudinal Stress

762 kgf/cm2

sp = P D/2t
Total Stress

762.00 kgf/cm2

s = st + sp
As total stress is less than the Allowable, hence safe

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JOB No. 99304

Stiffener Rings
From Morley's Correlation, Spacing of Stiffeners
S= D(2E/Pcr)(t/D)5/2

6869.5 cm

where
0.2114 kgf/cm2

Pcr= Pressure
1.65E (t/D)3

2.1E+06 kgf/cm2

E= Modulus of elasticity
D= Diameter

355.6 cm

t= wall thickness

1.4 cm

Generally, spacings of rings based on Morley's correlations are too large


From Stephenson's Correlation, Stiffener spacing
S=

D[0.7(D/t)2]
3

[1+.091(E'/E)(D/t) +Pi(D /Et )]

[t/D]1.5 [1+.091(E'/E)+0.325Pi/E]
1227.2 cm

where
6 kgf/cm2

Pi= internal Pressure

2.1E+06 kgf/cm2

E= Modulus of elasticity

28.123 kgf/cm2

E'= Modulus of Soil


D= Diameter

355.6 cm

t= wall thickness

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1.4 cm

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JOB No. 99304


Method 1
yh2= [0.7(s1/sa)(Dt)3/2] - [t2S]

388.09 cm3

where:
438 kgf/cm2

s1= sa - PiD/2t

1200 kgf/cm2

sa= allowable stress in compression

6 kgf/cm2

Pi= internal Pressure


D= Diameter

355.6 cm

t= wall thickness

1.4 cm

S= Spacing of reinforcement ring

1250 cm

y= width of stiffener

2.0 cm

h= height of stiffener

13.9 cm

Assumed

Method 2

p=

s1[1 + 0.091(E'/E)(D/t)3 + Pi/E (D/t)3]

[0.7 p D2 S]

yh =

0.6575 kgf/cm2

0.7 (D/t)2

[s1 (1 + 0.091 (D/t) (E'/E) + 0.325 (p/E)]

- t2 S

69826 cm3

where:
438 kgf/cm2

s1= sa - PiD/2t

1200 kgf/cm2

sa= Allowable Stress in Compression

2.1E+06 kgf/cm2

E= Modulus of Elasticity

28.123 kgf/cm2

E'= Modulus of Elasticity for Soil

6 kgf/cm2

Pi= Internal Pressure


D= Diameter

355.6 cm

t= Wall Thickness

1.4 cm

S= Spacing of Reinforcement Ring

1250 cm

y= Width of Stiffener

12 cm

h= Height of Stiffener

76.282 cm

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Assumed

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Table 3 (IS 3589:1991)


14.223418

from

to

thickness

168.3

406.6

406.6

559.0

559.0

914.0

914.0

1219.0

1219.0

1620.0

10

1620.0

2032.0

10

12

12

14

14

16

16

18

18

20

20

22

22

25

25

28

28

32

32

36

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