Heat Transfer Fluids

EQUIPMENT FOR SYSTEMS
USING DOWTHERM
HEAT TRANSFER FLUIDS
Includes heat transfer system
hardware and fabrication guidelines
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. Engineering /Consulting Firms ......................................................................... 3

II. Heaters and Vaporizers
Comparison of Steam and DOWTHERM Products ...................................... 4
Description, Operation, and Maintenance .............................................. 4
Manufacturers
Heaters and Vaporizers ............................................................... 4 5
Heat Exchangers ............................................................................. 5
Processing Equipment .................................................................... 5
Specialized Equipment .............................................................. 56
III. Pumps
Centrifugal Process Pumps ................................................................... 67
Canned Motor and Magnetically Coupled Pumps .................................. 7
Mechanical Seals ..................................................................................... 7
Packing ................................................................................................... 8
Expansion Joints ...................................................................................... 8
IV. Instruments
Instrumentation and Controls ............................................................... 10
Temperature Instruments and Controllers ............................................ 10
Flow Instruments and Controllers ......................................................... 10
Automatic Control Valves .................................................................... 10
Pressure Gauges and Controllers ........................................................... 11
Level Controllers and Switches ............................................................. 11
Level Gauges .......................................................................................... 11
V. Miscellaneous Equipment
Safety Valves .......................................................................................... 12
Traps ....................................................................................................... 12
Tanks and Jacketed Vessels ................................................................... 12
Purification Units .................................................................................. 12
Insulation ............................................................................................... 12
Filters ...................................................................................................... 13
VI. Piping Specifications
Pipe ......................................................................................................... 14
Pipe Fittings ........................................................................................... 14
Flanges and Gaskets ............................................................................... 15
Flange Bolts, Studs, and Nuts ................................................................ 15
Joint (Thread) Compounds ................................................................... 15
Bolt Lubricants ....................................................................................... 15
Pressure-Temperature Ratings for Flanges ....................................... 1617
Instrumentation Piping .......................................................................... 18
Gate Valves for Instrument Lines .......................................................... 18
Methods of Making Branch Connections ............................................. 18
Shutoff and Throttling Valves ............................................................... 18
Tight Shutoff Valves .................................................................... 18
Globe Valves ................................................................................ 19
Gate Valves .................................................................................. 19
Check Valves ................................................................................ 19
Valve Manufacturers .................................................................... 20
VII. Index to Suppliers ................................................................................. 21 23
INTRODUCTION
This brochure describes equipment
utilized in systems that employ
DOWTHERM* heat transfer fluids.
It also includes convenient lists
of equipment suppliers. These
suppliers represent a portion of
those who are capable of providing
high-temperature equipment.
Section VI of this brochure lists
piping specifications that have
been developed by The Dow
Chemical Company for use in
processes within our own production facilities.
References to a supplier or
product by name does not imply
approval or recommendation by
Dow of any supplier or product
to the exclusion of others that
may be suitable for the intended
purpose. Dow neither endorses
the suppliers or products
mentioned nor guarantees
their performance. It is the
users responsibility to select
suppliers and determine product
performance for users intended
application.
I. ENGINEERING/
CONSULTING FIRMS
The Dow Chemical Company is
not in a position to design equipment for customer use. We suggest
that you consult with competent
engineering companies, consultants, or equipment fabricators
experienced with systems utilizing
DOWTHERM fluids. A selective list
of experienced engineering firms
follows:
Sources for Engineering Services

ABB Lummus Heat Transfer
A Division of ABB Lummus Crest,
Incorporated
Bloomfield, New Jersey
American Econo-Therm Division
Petro-Chem Development
Company, Incorporated
Tulsa, Oklahoma
American Hydrotherm Corporation
New York, New York
American Schack Company,
Incorporated
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Artisan Industries, Incorporated
Waltham, Massachusetts
Bechtel Group, Incorporated
San Francisco, California
John Brown E & C, Incorporated
Stamford, Connecticut
Brown & Root, Inc.
A Subsidiary of Halliburton Company
Houston, Texas
BS&B Process Systems,
Incorporated
Houston, Texas
Dow Engineering Company
Houston, Texas
First Thermal Systems, Incorporated
Chattanooga, Tennessee
Fluor Daniel, Incorporated
A Subsidiary of Fluor Corporation
Irvine, California
Foster Wheeler USA Corporation
Clinton, New Jersey
Lockwood Greene Engineers,

Incorporated
Spartanburg, South Carolina
Michigan Science &
Engineering Associates
Ann Arbor, Michigan
The Ralph M. Parsons Corporation
Pasadena, California
New York, New York
PfaudlerU.S., Incorporated
Rochester, New York
Raytheon Engineers &
Constructors, Inc.
Denver, Colorado/Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania/Lexington, Massachusetts
Stone & Webster Engineering
Corporation
Boston, Massachusetts
Sverdrup Technology, Incorporated
Sverdrup Corporation
Tullahoma, Tennessee
Troubleshooting Consultants
These consultants provide services
on special problems, including
problems with mechanical seals,
heater and vaporizer scale-up, heat
exchangers, processing equipment,
and process pumps.
Michigan Science &
Engineering Associates
Ann Arbor, Michigan
Walter F. Seifert,
Consulting Engineer
Midland, Michigan
Heatec, Incorporated
An ASTEC Company
The International Boiler
Works Company
Miami Lakes, Florida
*Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company
II. HEATERS AND VAPORIZERS

Comparison of Steam and
DOWTHERM Products
Systems designed for DOWTHERM
heat transfer fluids are, in general,
similar to systems that employ steam.
However, steam and DOWTHERM
fluids do display a number of differences that must be considered when
designing any particular system.
DOWTHERM fluids differ from steam
as follows:
1. Their vapors are heavier than air;
steam is lighter than air.
2. They are flammable or combustible.
3. They will not cause scaling, nor
are they corrosive toward standard
materials of construction.
4. They contract, rather than
expand, upon freezing.
5. They can usually be regenerated
after years of use.
6. As organic fluids, they have low
surface tension and viscosities;
therefore, systems must be tight
when these media are introduced.
Liquid heaters, in general, use forced

circulation. However, if DOWTHERM
fluid is used in the vapor state, the
hot liquid and vapor go to a separator
drum. The vapor from the separator
drum then goes to the heat user,
while the liquid is recycled.
Vaporizers should never be referred
to as boilers, since they may then be
confused with ordinary steam boilers.
Such confusion is highly undesirable
because many of the insurance and
local code restrictions under which
steam boilers operate are inapplicable
to vaporizers for DOWTHERM fluid.
Steam boilers have screwed fittings and
generally operate at much higher heat
fluxes than vaporizers for Dowtherm
fluids. Steam boilers should never be
converted to vaporizers for Dowtherm
fluids except under the guidance of the
manufacturer.
The capacities of vaporizers and
heaters range from a few thousand
Btu to over 150 million Btu per hour.
Higher-capacity units can be built;
however, multiple units may be
preferred because of their greater
operating flexibility.
liquid heaters are similarly controlled

by the exit temperature of the liquid.
The instruments which regulate fuel
flow may also be used to record the
temperature and pressure of the liquid,
or separate instruments may be
employed. It is important to measure
both temperature and pressure in
vapor systems. If the two do not correspond, it is an immediate indication
that a contaminant is present in the
system.
A temperature indicator should
be installed in the stack to give
an indication of unit efficiency and
to provide a warning of potential
operational problems.
Since heaters and vaporizers for
DOWTHERM heat transfer fluids
incorporate special design features,
they should be purchased only from
manufacturers who are experienced
in designing and constructing them.
Some manufacturers are listed in the
following section. Listed on pages 5
and 6 are manufacturers of heat
exchangers, processing equipment,
and specialized equipment.
Manufacturers of Heaters
and Vaporizers
The most important difference

between steam and DOWTHERM
heat transfer fluids is the lower vapor
pressure exhibited by the latter. For
example, while steam at 500F has a
pressure of 696 psig, DOWTHERM A
fluid operates at atmospheric pressure. Similar differences exist with
the other DOWTHERM fluids.
The thermal efficiencies of vaporizers

and heaters for DOWTHERM fluids are
between 65 and 90 percent (based
on the net heating value of the fuel).
Where high efficiencies are desired,
air preheaters must be used. In many
units, convection sections and
economizers, as well as gas-liquid
preheaters, have been employed to
increase heat efficiency.

Incorporated
Description, Operation,
and Maintenance
Vaporizers should be designed to ensure adequate circulation of medium

and to prevent stagnant liquid pockets.
A high circulation rate minimizes the
formation of higher-molecular-weight
degradation products. Heater tubes
must be tightly secured to headers and
vaporizer drums. Generally, the tubes
are both expanded and welded into
headers.

Incorporated
When a DOWTHERM heat transfer

fluid is used in the liquid state, the
unit for heating is called a heater;
when it is vaporized, the unit is
called a vaporizer.
Vaporizers use both natural and
forced circulation. Natural circulation vaporizers are subdivided into
4
liquid-tube and fire-tube types, the

latter are available as both vertical
and horizontal units.
Fuel burners on vaporizers are generally

controlled by fuel-throttling valves,
actuated either by the pressure or
temperature of the vapor. Burners on

Petro-Chem Development Company,
Incorporated
Tulsa, Oklahoma
New York, New York

BS&B Process Systems, Incorporated
Houston, Texas
The Bethlehem Corporation
Process Equipment Group
Easton, Pennsylvania
G. C. Broach Company
Tulsa, Oklahoma
Brown Fired Heater Division

Enercon Systems, Incorporated
Elyria, Ohio

Incorporated
Chromalox
Edwin L. Wiegand Industrial Division,
Emerson Electric Company

Elyria, Ohio

Clinton, New Jersey
Fulton Thermal Corporation
Pulaski, New York
An ASTEC Company
Hynes Electric Heating Company
Vaporizers
Subsidiary of INDEECO
St. Louis, Missouri
Cherry-Burrell Process
Equipment Division
A United Dominion Company
Louisville, Kentucky
DEC International
Engineered Products Group
Madison, Wisconsin
An ASTEC Company
The Duriron Company, Incorporated

Pump Division
Valve Division
Dayton, Ohio
Fisher Controls International,
Incorporated
Marshalltown, Iowa
Clinton, New Jersey
An ASTEC Company
INDEECO (Industrial Engineering
& Equipment Company)
St. Louis, Missouri
ITT Standard
Buffalo, New York
Invalco, Incorporated
Division of National Tank Company
Hutchinson, Kansas

and Equipment Company)
St. Louis, Missouri
Manning & Lewis Engineering

Company
Union, New Jersey

Company
Union, New Jersey
The International Boiler Works

Company
Miami Lakes, Florida
Rochester, New York
Marine & Petroleum

Manufacturing, Incorporated
Freeport, Texas

Company
Union, New Jersey
Incorporated
New York, New York
Riley Stoker Corporation
Worcester, Massachusetts
Struthers-Wells Corporation
Warren, Pennsylvania
SUPER-TROL Division
Elyria, Ohio
Thermoflux, Incorporated
Tulsa, Oklahoma
Wellman Thermal
Shelbyville, Indiana
Manufacturers of Heat Exchangers

Incorporated
New York, New York
SUPER-TROL Division
Elyria, Ohio
Manufacturers of Processing
Equipment
Incorporated
Tulsa, Oklahoma
Blaw Knox Food & Chemical
Equipment Company, Incorporated
Buffalo, New York
Tulsa, Oklahoma
Elyria, Ohio
BS&B Process Systems, Incorporated
Houston, Texas
Equipment Division
New York, New York
Rochester, New York
SUPER-TROL Division
Elyria, Ohio
Manufacturers of
Specialized Equipment
Incorporated
(Pyrolysis heaters, coking heaters,
visbreaker heaters, VCM heaters, EDC
heaters)
New York, New York
(Electric and fired heat transfer fluid
systems)
Incorporated
(Recuperators)
Ametek, Incorporated
Thermox Instruments Division
(Combustion air analyzers)
Hynes Electric Heating Company

Subsidiary of INDEECO
St. Louis, Missouri
(Vaporizers)

(Thin film evaporators, heat exchangers, and reactors)

& Equipment Company)
St. Louis, Missouri
(Process heaters, electric heaters,
electric heat transfer fluid systems)
The Bethlehem Corporation

Process Equipment Group
Easton, Pennsylvania
(Indirect heat transfer-dryers)
Blaw Knox Food & Chemical
Equipment Company, Incorporated
Buffalo, New York
(Dryers, flakers, evaporators, reactors)
Tulsa, Oklahoma
(Waste heat recovery boilers)
Elyria, Ohio
(Gas-fired fluid heaters)
Equipment Division
(Turba-film evaporators and semicontinuous deodorizers)
Clark-Reliance Corporation
Cleveland, Ohio
(Level gauges, water columns)
Crosby Valve & Gage Company
A Moorco Company
Wrentham, Massachusetts
(JOS/JBS pressure relief valves)
DEC International
Engineered Products Group
Madison, Wisconsin
(Plate- or panel-type coils)
Dickow Pump Company
Marietta, Georgia
(Pumps that require no cooling water
to 750F)
Incorporated
Marshalltown, Iowa
(Cavitation and noise control trim
for control valves, rotary valves)
An ASTEC Company
(Process heaters, jacketed vessels)
Hutchinson, Kansas
(Oil/water analyzers and monitors,
flow instruments and controllers)
The Kontro Company, Incorporated
Orange, Massachusetts
(Magnet drive centrifugal pumps for
heat transfer fluid systems)
Manning & Lewis
Engineering Company
Union, New Jersey
(Scraped-surface heat exchangers)
Masoneilan North America
Dresser Valve and Controls Division,
Dresser Industries, Incorporated
Houston, Texas
(Steam and air regulating valves)
Rochester, New York
(Corrosion-resistant glass-lined
reactors and mixing systems)
Spirax Sarco
Allentown, Pennsylvania
(Vapor-operated non-electric pumps)
(Electric heaters, heat recovery
equipment)
SUPER-TROL Division
Elyria, Ohio
(Circulating fluid heat transfer
systems)
Henry Vogt Machine Company
(Heat recovery steam generators)
Worcester Controls
Marlborough, Massachusetts
(Block valves, throttling and fugitive
emission valves)
Yarway Corporation
Blue Bell, Pennsylvania
(Combination valves: pressure reduction and de-superheating. Also
centrifugal pump protection valves)
III. PUMPS
Centrifugal Process Pumps
Heavy-duty, centrifugal process
pumps constructed of cast steel and
designed for operation at high
temperatures are recommended for
DOWTHERM heat transfer media.
Pumps should be equipped with a
good water-cooled stuffing box and
preferably a hard alloy or plated shaft
sleeve. In high-temperature operation (usually above 350F or 175C),
pumps should be equipped with
water-cooled bearings and have
centerline construction rather than
foot mountings. Such construction
allows expansion in all directions,
thus alleviating possible stress on the
shaft and resultant misalignment,
bearing wear, seal failure, and so on.
It is also important that no stress be
transmitted to the pump from the
piping due to change in the temperature of the system.
It is advisable to protect pumps
against freeze-ups. Pumps using
mechanical seals should be rotated by
hand before power-starting to make
sure seal parts are not frozen in the
medium.
Gear pumps with hardened steel
gears and greater-than-normal
clearances can be used with
DOWTHERM heat transfer media at
lower temperatures. Reciprocating
pumps are not recommended because
DOWTHERM fluids have limited
lubricating properties; metal-to-metal
contact may cause seizing.
Lantern rings are not normally
recommended for use with packed
pumps unless the pumps are operated
with a vacuum on the suction side.
When a lantern ring is used, it is best
connected to a source of cold
medium at atmospheric pressure.
Sufficient static liquid head to prevent cavitation should be maintained
at all times on the suction side of
centrifugal pumps.
Manufacturers of Centrifugal
Process Pumps
Pumps commonly used in systems
utilizing high-temperature
DOWTHERM fluids are manufactured by the following companies:
Buffalo Pumps
An AMPCO-Pittsburgh Company
North Tonawanda, New York
BW/IP International, Incorporated
Pump Division
(Byron Jackson/United Pumps)
Long Beach, California
Dean Pump Division
MET-PRO Corporation
Indianapolis, Indiana
Pump Division
Dayton, Ohio
Goulds Pumps, Incorporated
Seneca Falls, New York
Ingersoll-Dresser Pump Company
Huntington Park, California
Sundstrand Fluid Handling
Division of Milton Roy Company
Subsidiary of Sundstrand Corporation
Arvada, Colorado
Union Pump Company
Battle Creek, Michigan
Yarway Corporation
Canned Motor and

Magnetically Coupled Pumps
These types of pumps are seeing
increased use in DOWTHERM fluid
applications. The rotating parts of
the pump are contained in a thin
welded can rather than using a
mechanical seal or packing. This
helps to eliminate the leak path
associated with packing and mechanical seals, and their respective
maintenance. The tradeoff in using
this equipment is that canned and
magnetically coupled pumps are less
efficient than mechanical sealed
pumps. Because of the vulnerability
of the thin can pump housing, leak
detection equipment and secondary

can containment should be considered. Many manufacturers will
provide this extra protection at
additional cost. In specifying these
pumps, care must be taken to
consider all conditions, from cold
startup to maximum operating
conditions and back down to ambient
temperature. Anticipated temperature swings and higher than normal
temperatures or pressures should also
be taken into consideration.
Manufacturers of Canned Motor

or Magnetically Coupled Pumps
Buffalo Pumps, Incorporated
An AMPCO-Pittsburgh Company
North Tonawanda, New York
BW/IP International, Incorporated
Pump Division
(Byron Jackson/United Pumps)
Chempump Division
Crane Company
Warington, Pennsylvania
Dean Pump Division
MET-PRO Corporation
Indianapolis, Indiana
Dickow Pump Company
Marietta, Georgia
Pump Division
Dayton, Ohio
The Kontro Company, Incorporated
Orange, Massachusetts
Sundstrand Fluid Handling
Division of Milton Roy Company
Subsidiary of Sundstrand Corporation
Arvada, Colorado
Yarway Corporation
Mechanical Seals
Many pumps in service with
DOWTHERM heat transfer fluid have
mechanical seals. Mechanical seals
have wide acceptance for service
with DOWTHERM fluid because of
their superior performance over
packing. Industrial experience
indicates that the metal bellows

seal is preferred over other types.
Mechanical seals, as opposed to
packing, can ensure essentially zero
leakage. This is especially important
for liquid service in poorly ventilated
areas because of the distinctive odor
of the media. Major causes of poor
seal performance include improper
installation, excessive temperature at
the faces, face distortion, and system
contamination. When seals are
installed, strict cleanliness must be
observed. Fingerprints on the seal
face can cause temporary leaks, and
microscopic dust particles can cause
the seal to leak permanently. Ideally,
work should be done with clean
hands, clean equipment, and in a
clean area. Some seal manufacturers
will, upon request, supervise the
installation of their seals.
The design of the pump and of the
mechanical seal is important. The
pump should have a water-cooled
stuffing box, and the seal should have
the proper face surfaces and secondary seals to withstand system operating temperatures. Some seal vendors
recommend water cooling on the seal
gland itself. It is also recommended
that a small stream of fluid from the
discharge of the pump be filtered and
then put into the stuffing box at the
seal surfaces to flush any abrasive
particles away from the seal. This
side stream is often cooled to give
additional cooling at the seal face.
A mechanical seal is a precisionmachined piece of equipment and
should be handled with a great deal
of care and regard for cleanliness
while it is being installed in the pump.
After the seal is properly in place, the
pump should be installed to prevent
any strain from the piping and/or
motor alignment. The most common cause of such strain is thermal
expansion. This can be alleviated by
including expansion loops, joints, or
flexibly supported piping as long as
these items are subject to a rigorous
maintenance schedule.
A mechanically sealed pump

should be manually operated prior
to startup to ensure a flooded
stuffing box and faces that are free
to rotate. This means that both the
suction and discharge valves should
be opened and the shaft rotated by
hand. To prevent seal problems,
the valve on the discharge line
should be closed when the pump is
started. (The valve on the suction
line should be open.) The pump is
started, then the discharge valve is
opened. For complete instructions,
consult the manufacturer. Proper
maintenance of such a pump
requires that the same degree of
care be taken in its repair as was
taken in its origi-nal design and
installation.
Manufacturers of
Mechanical Seals
BW/IP International Incorporated
Seal Division
(Metal bellows seal Types BXRH,
BXH, BRC)
A. W. Chesterton Company
Stoneham, Massachusetts
(Chesterton Style 123, 153, and
155 cartridge seals)
John Crane Incorporated
Morton Grove, Illinois
(John Crane Types 8 and 9, and
Types 315 and 715 seals)
Durametallic Corporation
Kalamazoo, Michigan
(PBR metal bellows DURASEAL)
EG&G Sealol
Industrial Sealing Division
Cranston, Rhode Island
(Metal bellows seals)
Incorporated
Marshalltown, Iowa
(ENVIRO-SEAL bellows for
control valves)
Worcester Controls
(TEFLON, PEEK, metal)
Packing
Aluminum packing and flexible
graphite packing are used for pump
stuffing boxes. To ensure proper
instal-lation, a good hardened shaft
or shaft sleeve with a Brinell
hardness of 600 or greater, a good
stuffing box, careful packing or
installation, and careful take-up
of the packing gland are of prime
importance.
Considerable care is required with
metallic foil packing. It is relatively
inflexible and, if handled improperly, may bind in the box. The rings
should therefore be die-cut to the
size of the stuffing box and each
one carefully tamped in place
before the next is added. Because
packing material is always being
improved, it is suggested that the
pump manufacturer be contacted
periodically regarding possible new
materials. Use flexible graphite
packing for valves.
Lubricants should never be used on
packing for stuffing boxes. Lubricants
are soluble in DOWTHERM fluid and
have much lower thermal stabilities.
As a result, they will act as contaminants and may cause difficulty by
decomposing in the system. Stuffing
box and bearing fluid cooling are
recommended.
Manufacturers of Packing
Packing made by the following
manufacturers is presently utilized
in systems using DOWTHERM fluids:
JM Clipper Corporation
Denver, Colorado
(J-M 395 aluminum)
(Styles 100 and 124aluminum)
Durametallic Corporation
Kalamazoo, Michigan
(D-10 aluminum)
Flexitallic, Incorporated
Pennsauken, New Jersey
(FLEXICARB flexible graphite
packing)

Incorporated
Marshalltown, Iowa
(ENVIRO-SEAL packing systems
for fugitive emissions control)
UCAR Carbon Company,
Incorporated
Cleveland, Ohio
(GRAFOIL flexible graphite
packing Grade GT2)
Worcester Controls
(TEFLON, graphite)
Expansion Joints
The following measures should be
considered to relieve stress in piping
due to high-temperature expansion.
1. Steel pipe expansion loops or
steel pipe U bends
2. Bellows-type expansion joints
3. High-temperature flexible
metal hose
These items should only be used if
they are subject to a rigorous maintenance schedule. Steel pipe U bends
or loops are the most common means
of relieving stress.
There are many successful applications using stainless steel alloy
expansion joints in industrial heat
transfer systems when these items are
subject to a rigorous maintenance
schedule. However, on occasion,
austenitic stainless steel bellows joints
have failed due to contamination of
the fluid with inorganic chloride
ions. This contamination has
resulted in stress-corrosion cracking.
Failure has also occurred from
improper installation. If experience
indicates stress-corrosion cracking to
be a problem, a steel pipe loop or U
bend should be utilized. If that is not
feasible, a bellows-type expansion
joint made of an alloy such as
Inconel 600 or Monel 400 should be
used. If a bellows expansion joint is
considered, the recommendation of
the manufacturer should be obtained.
Figure 1 illustrates the piping arrangement of a pump for DOWTHERM fluid.
Figure 1 Piping of Pump for DOWTHERM Heat Transfer Fluid
1. Support discharge line to relieve pump of

thermal and mechanical strains, providing
adjustment for gasket replacement.
2. Drain or sample valve.
3. Shutoff valve.
4. Check valve.
5. Pressure gauge.
10. Needle valve.

11. Filter.
12. Cooler.
13. Flow indicator.
14. Temperature indicator. (Normal
operation, 250F, maximum.)
6. Vent and drain plugs in casing.
15. Mechanical seal coolant (DOWTHERM

medium) and flush-through stuffing box.
7. Coupling guard.
16. Bearing cooling (normally water).
8. Lubrication and vent.
17. Drain.
9. Stuffing box coolant (normally water).
18. At least two pipe diameters to

straighten out flow.
19. Flexible connection or expansion joints

to prevent thermal strains in piping
from being transmitted to pump. These
expansion bellows must be restrained to
prevent thrust from the fluid pressure on
the pump casing.
20. If reduction is necessary on the suction,
an eccentric reducer should be used with
the top side horizontal.
21. Allow space all around for servicing
gland or seal, coupling, and motor.
IV. INSTRUMENTS
Instrumentation
and Controls
In general, industrial type instruments and automatic controls are
entirely satisfactory for use with
DOWTHERM heat transfer fluid
providing the following recommendations are observed. Copper or
copper alloys should not be used
with DOWTHERM fluid in pressure
vessels operating above 400F. If
copper is required for processing
reasons, only knowledgeable
equipment vendors should be
contacted.
Temperature Instruments
and Controllers
Industrial-type temperature instruments such as bimetallic thermometers; remote bulb, capillary or
potentiometer-type temperature
indicators; recorders and/or controllers are entirely satisfactory for
measuring the temperature of a
medium in either the liquid or
vapor state. However, the instrument must have a suitable range
and the sensing element (bulb or
thermocouple) must be installed in
a suitable thermowell.
Flow Instruments
and Controllers
The flow of DOWTHERM fluid,
either liquid or vapor phase, can be
measured satisfactorily by using a
conventional orifice installed in a
suitable meter run. The differential
measuring device may be a diaphragm- or bellows-type device
that operates a conventional
indicator, recording pen, or transmitter for remote recording or
indication. The vapor phase should
be treated similarly to steam.
Variable area-type metering devices
are also satisfactory, provided they
are of all-steel construction with
ANSI flanged connections and are
suitable for the high temperatures
involved. Glass metering or indicating tubes must not be used.
Suppliers for Flow Instruments

and Controllers
Hutchinson, Kansas
Generally, control valves should

not be depended upon for positive
shutoff. Such valves are generally
designed with line contact between
the plug and the seat and may not
exert enough pressure on the stem
to seal against scale or other solids.
Control valves are usually installed
with a bypass around them. The
bypass includes manually operated
shutoff valves that will provide
tight shutoff when necessary.
The following companies have
furnished automatic control valves
for service with DOWTHERM fluids.
Manufacturers of Automatic
Control Valves
BS&B Process Systems,
Incorporated
Houston, Texas
Conbraco Industries, Incorporated
Monroe, North Carolina
The Duriron Company,
Incorporated
Valve Division
Dayton, Ohio
Micro Motion
Boulder, Colorado

Incorporated
Marshalltown, Iowa
Automatic Control Valves
The Foxboro Company

Foxboro, Massachusetts
Air-operated diaphragm control

valves with steel bodies and
stainless steel trim are generally
used with DOWTHERM fluids.
Flexible graphite, mica graphite, or
aluminum can be used for packing.
The use of a valve positioner is
recommended for precise control.
Kitz Corporation of America

Subsidiary of Kitz
Corporation of Japan
Houston, Texas
Richard Klinger, Incorporated
Sidney, Ohio
Dresser Valve & Controls Division
Houston, Texas
Yarway Corporation
10
Pressure Gauges
and Controllers
Conventional Bourdon- or diaphragmtype pressure gauges and switches
are suitable provided that all parts
in contact with DOWTHERM fluid
are of ferrous construction. All
gauges and switches should be
equipped with a loop to seal the
Bourdon element or the diaphragm
from high-temperature liquid or
vapor.
Bourdon-type units are suitable
for indoor installations where
temperatures are sufficiently high
to prevent freezing of medium
in the tube. For outside and lowtemperature installations, the
diaphragm type is recommended
because of the ease with which the
diaphragm housing can be heated.
The freezing point of the fluid plus
the aforementioned considerations
will dictate which type of control is
necessary.
Manufacturers of
Gauges or Controllers
Ametek, Incorporated
U.S. Gauge Division
Sellersville, Pennsylvania
Dwyer Instruments, Incorporated
Michigan City, Indiana
Incorporated
Marshalltown, Iowa
Level Controllers
and Switches
Two general types of level controllers are used: differential pressure
(DP) cells or float-type controllers.
When DP cells are used, the vapor
leg is back-filled with the working
fluid.
Float or displacer type controllers
and switches have movement
generated by means of a torque
tube, permanent magnet, or
electrical inductance and by
operating a pneumatic pilot or
electrical contact. No packing
gland of any type should be used.
The float chamber should be of
steel with ANSI flanged connections and designed to permit
removal of the float for periodic
inspection and cleaning.
Considerable care should be used
in selecting units that are to be
operated over a wide range of
temperatures. DOWTHERM fluids
have rather high coefficients of
expansion; consequently, a float
that is buoyant at low temperatures
may sink at high temperatures. It is
suggested that the float be of such
buoyancy and shape to float high in
the liquid at low temperatures and,
as the density of the liquid decreases, to become considerably
more immersed.
Manufacturers of
Level Controllers
Cleveland, Ohio
Dwyer Instruments, Incorporated
Michigan City, Indiana
Incorporated
Marshalltown, Iowa
The Foxboro Company
Hutchinson, Kansas
Magnetrol International
Downers Grove, Illinois
Dresser Valve & Controls Division
Houston, Texas
Yarway Corporation
Level Gauges
A magnetic-type level gauge with
a spiral-wound gasket of metal and
graphite, or a flexible graphite
gasket, is recommended. Gaskets
should not be made of rubber due
to the high temperatures at which
units are operated. Level gauges are
available from Clark-Reliance
Corporation, Cleveland, Ohio.
The Foxboro Company

Dresser Valve and Controls Division
Houston, Texas
11
V. MISCELLANEOUS
EQUIPMENT
Many manufacturers of miscellaneous
equipment are familiar with
DOWTHERM fluids. These manufacturers will be in a position to
recommend the product best suited
for your application, based on good
operating experience. If you have
questions regarding the use of any
equipment in a system utilizing
DOWTHERM fluids, contact your
Dow Thermal Fluids technical
representative or call 1-800-4474369 and ask for DOWTHERM heat
transfer fluids.
Safety Valves
Safety or relief valves have been
specially designed and rated for
service with DOWTHERM fluids.
Manufacturers of Safety
or Relief Valves
Conbraco Industries, Incorporated
Monroe, North Carolina
Crosby Valve & Gage Company
A Moorco Company
Wrentham, Massachusetts
Industrial Valve Operation
Alexandria, Louisiana
Hutchinson, Kansas
Teledyne Farris Engineering
Palisades Park, New Jersey
When safety valves are ordered, be
certain to specify that they are for
service with DOWTHERM fluid.
12
Traps
Purification Units
Systems using DOWTHERM fluid in

vapor form may require specially
designed condensate traps. When
traps are to be used, the manufacturer should be informed that they
are for service with DOWTHERM
fluid. This is necessary because the
mechanical traps used with steam
normally operate with a pressure
difference greater than those used
in a system with DOWTHERM fluids.
Solid contaminants and highboiling materials may be removed

from DOWTHERM A, DOWTHERM J,
DOWTHERM LF, and DOWTHERM Q
heat transfer fluids by simple
vaporization. Figure 2 shows a
purification unit for manual operation; units for automatic operation
are also available.
Manufacturers of Traps
Two types of insulation, closed-cell

and open-cell, are currently used
for high-temperature applications
(up to 800F) with DOWTHERM
fluids.
Armstrong International,
Incorporated
Three Rivers, Michigan
Cleveland, Ohio
Spirax Sarco
Allentown, Pennsylvania
Yarway Corporation
Tanks and Jacketed Vessels

Tanks and jacketed vessels for
DOWTHERM fluid are of welded
construction. They should conform
to local regulatory codes and
ASME codes where applicable.
Surge (expansion) tanks should be
capable of withstanding elevated
pressures.
Storage tanks should be provided
with a fill connection so that drums
and/or bulk medium can be conveniently emptied.
Insulation
Closed-cell insulation is recommended where there is a possibility

it may come in contact with a heat
transfer fluid, especially at elevated
temperatures. When organic fluids
come into contact with open-cell
insulation, they may oxidize and
heat the insulation to above the
fluids autoignition temperature.
Open-cell insulation can be used
for long runs of pipe where there
are no fittings, make-and-break
joints, or other potential sources of
fluid leakage and insulation contamination. For covering flanges or
other connections that may leak,
the closed-cell material should be
considered. Both can be used on
the same pipe, but a metal stop ring
or collar designed to stop the flow
of any leakage to the open-cell
material should be employed. The
insulation should be covered by
weatherproof jacketing and mastic,
or a protective metal jacket.
In all cases, the insulation manufacturer should be consulted for
application and installation details.
Manufacturers of Insulation
Acceptable calcium silicate base
(asbestos-free) insulation can be
obtained from the following companies:
Owens-Corning Fiberglas
Toledo, Ohio
(KAYLO calcium silicate-base
insulation, Fiberglas SSL-II pipe
insulation with DOUBLESURE
Closure System)
Schuller International, Inc.
Mechanical Insulation Division
Denver, Colorado
(THERMO-12 Gold calcium
silicate-base insulation and
MICRO-LOK fiberglass insulation)
The only known acceptable closedcell material is FOAMGLAS
cellular glass insulation, made by
the Pittsburgh Corning Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Flexible graphite insulation is

available from UCAR Carbon
Company, Incorporated, Cleveland, Ohio (GRAFOIL Grade
GHM flexible graphite insulation).
Filters
If solid particles such as scale or
hard insoluble carbonaceous
materials are present in the
pumped fluid, they may cause:
The following filter manufacturers

can be contacted for possible
solutions to the problem. To make a
recommendation, filter manufacturers typically need to know the
operating temperature, type of
fluid, pressure, type of material to
be removed, amount of material to
be removed, and typical particle
size.
Manufacturers of Filters
1. Erosion of piping or equipment

at high velocity.
Cuno, Incorporated
Meriden, Connecticut
2. Scouring of mechanical seals

in pumps.
Memcor Power Generation Division

Memtec America Corporation
Timonium, Maryland
3. Scouring of rotating pump shafts

and/or bearings.
4. Plugging of instrument lines and
drains on piping systems.
An investigation should be made
to determine whether filtering will
remove these solid contaminants.
Pall Process Filtration Company

A Division of Pall Corporation
East Hills, New York
Parker Hannifin Corporation
Commercial Filters Division
Lebanon, Indiana
Figure 2 Typical System for Purifying DOWTHERM Heat Transfer Fluids by Vaporization
Relief
Air- or Water-Cooled
Condenser
Purified DOWTHERM Fluid
(Return to System)
DOWTHERM Fluid
to Be Purified
In
Sight Gauge
(Optional)
Hot DOWTHERM Fluid

for Heating
Drain
Drain
(Residue)
Condensate or Hot Liquid

DOWTHERM Fluid
(Return to System)
13
VI. PIPING SPECIFICATIONS

The following piping specifications
have been developed by The Dow
Chemical Company for use in
processes within our own production facilities. They are the product
of extensive Dow experience in the
design and operation of heat
transfer systems, as well as in the
development of heat transfer fluids
for a broad range of applications
and process conditions. These
specifications are suitable for most
applications. However, particular
processes may require special
hardware or fabrication. Consult
with component suppliers and
system engineers to ensure the
suitability of these specifications
for your process.
The specifications in this bulletin
are rated for service at 150 psig at
750F. This rating applies to
systems utilizing DOWTHERM A,
DOWTHERM G, DOWTHERM HT,
DOWTHERM LF, DOWTHERM J,
and DOWTHERM Q organic heat
transfer fluids. For complete
product information and engineering properties for these DOWTHERM
fluids, call 1-800-447-4369. Note:
For systems operating in a temperature range of -100F to 500F,
other types of flanges and gaskets
may be acceptable. Please consult
our liter-ature for cryogenic applications, form numbers 176-01457
and 176-01458, or call 1-800-4474369 for additional information.
General Specification
Notes and Special
Instructions
Dow recommends that the piping
in the following specifications be
welded and/or flanged. This
includes the first block valve off
the line in instrument piping, as
well as all vent and drain valves.
14
When welding, all butt welds

should be tig-root with a shielded
metal arc cover. Also, random
radiograph welds should comply
with ANSI B31.3, paragraph
341.5.1, subparagraphs (b), (c),
and (d).
The preferred flange surface finish
for use with spiral gaskets is 125 to
250 rms. As an alternative to
purchasing special flanges, machine
standard flanges to meet surface
finish requirements.
Do not use aluminum paint on
valves or fittings in the heat
transfer system.
Pipe
Standard schedule 40 seamless steel
pipe is recommended for all lines
that are welded. Where screwed
fittings are desired, pipe sizes 11/2"
or smaller in diameter should be
composed of schedule 80 pipe.
Tapered thread connections are
satisfactory for pipes 11/2" or less in
diameter, provided the threads are
cut true to gauge with a sharp,
clean die. The threads should be
washed with a good solvent, and a
pipe thread sealant should be used
in assembly.
All larger-size connections should
be welded wherever possible;
smaller lines may be bent to avoid
the use of fittings.
Under no circumstances should a
pipe joint sealant be relied upon to
make a good joint out of a poor
one.
1
/2" through 1": ASTM A-106

GR B, extra-strong seamless steel
pipe.
11/2" and larger: ASTM A-106
GR B, standard-weight seamless
steel pipe.
Pipe Fittings
Tubing 3/8" x .049" minimum:
Soft annealed seamless carbon steel
mechanical tubing, ASTM A-519
GR 1020 or GR 1025, maximum
hardness RB 72, hot finished,
pickled and oiled, suitable for
bending and flaring.
Tubing 1" x .095" minimum:
Elbows, Tees 3/8" through 1":
Carbon steel Parker CPI, Swagelok,
or Gyrolock tube fittings and
adapters, or silver solder joints.
Elbows, Tees, Reducers 1/2"
through 1": 3,000-lb socket
welding forged steel fittings,
ASTM A-105, ANSI B16.11.
Elbows, Tees, Crosses, Reducers
11/2" and up: Standard weight
seamless steel welding fittings,
ASTM A-234 GR WPB, ANSI
B16.9
Pipe Caps 1/2" through 1":

3,000-lb socket welding forged steel
cap, ASTM A-105, ANSI B16.11.
Raised face, blind 1/2" and up:

300-lb raised face blind flange,
Flange Bolts, Studs,

and Nuts
Pipe Caps 11/2" and up:

Standard-weight seamless steel
welding cap, ASTM A-234 GR
WPB, ANSI B16.9.
For spiral-wound gasket with

carbon steel outer compression
gage ring, 316 stainless steel and
graphite windings and 316 stainless
steel inner ring, i.d. same as SCH
5S pipe.
ASTM A-193 GR B7 liquid

quenched and tempered alloy steel
stud bolts with ASTM A-194 GR
2H heavy hex huts.
Couplings 1/2" through 1":

3,000-lb socket welding forged steel
coupling, ASTM A-105, ANSI
B16.11.
Couplings 1/2" through 1":
3,000-lb forged steel Sockolet
fitting.
Couplings: 11/2" and up:
Standard-weight steel Weldolet
fitting, ASTM A-105.
Unions 1/2" through 1":
3,000-lb socket welding Nicholson
(Flexitallic) union, carbon steel
body, stainless steel-graphite/mica
gasket, AAR dimensions;
Nicholson 3000-SUA-W.
Flanges and Gaskets

Where make-and-break joints are
necessary, use ANSI 1/16-inch
raised-face flanges. Flanges within a
finish of 125 to 250 microinches
are generally used. Flange surfaces
must be free from nicks, dents, and
scratches, as these may cause the
joint to leak.
Spiral-wound, stainless steel and
flexible graphite gaskets are generally used with DOWTHERM fluid on
300-lb flanges. Any time a joint is
taken apart and put back together,
the gasket must be replaced with a
new one.
The temperature and pressure
ratings for ANSI flanges are given
in Tables 1 and 2, pages 16 and 17.
The rating used should match the
temperature and pressure setting of
the safety valve.
Raised face 1/2" and up: 300-lb.
raised face welding neck flange,
ASTM A-105, ANSI B16.5, bore
to match pipe.
Gasket sealants are sometimes

employed to improve the sealing
characteristics in a flanged connection. Where used, care should be
taken to avoid contaminating the
inside of the pipeline with the
sealant.
Joint (Thread) Compounds

Tubing: Solders melting at or
above 1,100F.
NPT Tube Fitting: Permatex No. 2
thread compound.
Bolt Lubricants
Manufacturers of Gaskets
(CRANE-FOIL gaskets)
Flexitallic, Incorporated
Pennsauken, New Jersey
(Spiral-wound stainless steel, and
FLEXICARB flexible graphite
gaskets; GRAFOIL gaskets and
gasket materials)
Furon Company
FlexSeal Division
Houston, Texas
(FlexSeal metallic and nonmetallic static seals)
Lamons Gasket Company
Houston, Texas
(SPIRALSEAL spiral-wound
gaskets)
MOLY-LIT or FEL PRO C-100
Manufacturers of Pipe Joint

Sealants/Lubricants
Permatex Industrial Corporation
Newington, Connecticut
(Pipe joint compound, thread
sealant with TEFLON, -60 to 350F)
The Swagelok Companies
Solon, Ohio
(SILVER GOOP)
Incorporated
Cleveland, Ohio
(GRAFOIL Grade GTS Thread
Sealant Paste)
Marine & Petroleum

Manufacturing, Incorporated
Freeport, Texas
(GRAPHONIC Gaskets)
Rochester, New York
(Complete line of multi-purpose
gaskets)
Incorporated
Cleveland, Ohio
(GRAFOIL Grades GHR and
GHE gasket laminate material)
15
Table 1 Pressure-Temperature Ratings for ANSI 150 Pound Flanges1,2

Pressures are in psig Class 150
Material
Group No.
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.7
1.9
Carbon Steel
Temp.
F
1.10
1.13
1.14
2.1
2.2
Alloy Steels
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
Austenitic Steels
1/2 Cr- 1Cr

1/2 Mo 1/2Mo
CNi- Cr- 11/4 Cr- 21/4 Cr- 5Cr1/2Mo Mo 1/2Mo 1Mo 1/2Mo
Carbon Steel
2.3
9 Cr1Mo
Type
304
Type
316
Type
304L
Type
316L
Type
321
Types
347,
348
Type
309
Type
310
-20 to 100
200
300
285
260
230
290
260
230
265
250
230
235
215
210
265
260
230
290
260
230
290
260
230
290
260
230
290
260
230
290
260
230
275
235
205
275
240
215
230
195
175
275
235
210
275
245
225
260
230
220
260
230
220
400
500
600
200
170
140
200
170
140
200
170
140
200
170
140
200
170
140
200
170
140
200
170
140
200
170
140
200
170
140
200
170
140
180
170
140
195
170
140
160
145
140
190
170
140
200
170
140
200
170
140
200
170
140
650
700
750
125
110
95
125
110
95
125
110
95
125
110
95
125
110
95
125
110
95
125
110
95
125
110
95
125
110
95
125
110
95
125
110
95
125
110
95
125
110
95
125
110
95
125
110
95
125
110
95
125
110
95
800
850
900
80
65
50
80
65
50
80
65
50
80
65
50
80
65
50
80
65
50
80
65
50
80
65
50
80
65
50
80
65
50
80
65
50
80
65
50
80
65
80
65
50
80
65
50
80
65
50
80
65
50
950
1000
35
20
35
20
35
20
35
20
35
20
35
20
35
20
35
20
35
20
35
20
35
20
35
20
35
20
35
20
35
20
35
20
1Ratings
based on all flange facings other than ring joints, with provision that gasket material and dimensions conform to ASME Unfired Pressure Vessel Code
recommendations which are generally accepted as standard in the trade.
2Table
extracted from American Standard Steel Pipe Flanges Fittings (ASME/ANSI B16.5-1988) with permission of the publisher, The American Society
of Mechanical Engineers, United Engineering Center, 345 E. 47th St., New York, New York 10017.
16
Table 2 Pressure-Temperature Ratings for ANSI 300 Pound Flanges1,2

Pressures are in psig Class 300
Material
Group No.
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.7
1.9
Carbon Steel
Temp.
F
1.10
1.13
1.14
2.1
2.2
Alloy Steels
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
Austenitic Steels
1/2Cr- 1Cr
1/2Mo 1/2Mo
CNi-Cr- 11/4 Cr- 21/4 Cr- 5Cr1/2Mo Mo 1/2Mo 1Mo 1/2Mo
Carbon Steel
2.3
9Cr1Mo
Type
304
Type
316
Type
304L
Type
316L
Type
321
Types
347,
348
Type
309
Type
310
-20 to 100
200
300
740
675
655
750
750
730
695
655
640
620
560
550
695
680
655
750
750
730
750
710
675
750
715
675
750
750
730
750
750
730
720
600
530
720
620
560
600
505
455
720
610
545
720
635
590
670
605
570
670
605
570
400
500
600
635
600
550
705
665
605
620
585
535
530
500
455
640
620
605
705
665
605
660
640
605
650
640
605
705
665
605
705
665
605
470
435
415
515
480
450
415
380
360
495
460
435
555
520
490
535
505
480
535
505
480
650
700
750
535
535
505
590
570
505
525
520
475
450
450
445
590
570
530
590
570
530
590
570
530
590
570
530
590
570
530
590
570
530
410
405
400
445
430
425
350
345
335
430
420
415
480
470
460
465
455
445
465
455
445
800
850
900
410
270
170
410
270
170
390
270
170
370
270
170
510
485
450
510
485
450
510
485
450
510
485
450
510
440
355
410
485
450
395
390
385
415
405
395
330
320
415
410
405
455
445
430
435
425
415
435
425
415
950
1000
1050
105
50
105
50
105
50
105
50
280
165
345
215
190
380
225
140
380
270
200
260
190
140
370
290
190
375
325
310
385
365
360
385
355
345
385
365
360
385
335
290
385
350
335
1100
1150
1200
95
50
35
115
105
55
105
70
45
115
75
50
260
195
155
325
275
205
300
235
180
325
275
170
225
170
130
290
245
205
1250
1300
1350
110
85
60
180
140
105
140
105
80
125
95
70
100
80
60
160
120
80
1400
1450
1500
50
35
25
75
60
40
60
50
40
50
40
35
45
30
25
55
40
25
1Ratings
based on all flange facings other than ring joints, with provision that gasket material and dimensions conform to ASME Unfired Pressure Vessel Code
recommendations which are generally accepted as standard in the trade.
2Table
extracted from American Standard Steel Pipe Flanges Fittings (ASME/ANSI B16.5-1988) with permission of the publisher, The American Society
of Mechanical Engineers, United Engineering Center, 345 E. 47th St., New York, New York 10017.
17
Instrumentation Piping
Instrument piping is defined as the
piping from the first block valve
off the heat transfer fluid line
(not including the valve) to the
instrument. Welded instrument
piping is preferred. Use threaded
piping only for heat transfer fluid
instrumentation in this specification. For items not listed here, the
preceding piping specifications
should be used where applicable.
Pipe fittings (elbows, tees,
crosses, reducers) 1/2" thru 1":
3000-lb threaded forged steel fittings,
ASTM A-105, ANSI B16.11
Pipe caps 1/2" thru 1": 3000-lb
threaded forged steel cap, ASTM
A-105, ANSI B16.11.
Gate Valves for

Instrument Lines
Valves 1/2" thru 1": 800-lb forged
steel screwed gate. 800-lb at 850F,
forged carbon steel body and
bonnet, 13% chrome trim, H.F.
seat rings, solid wedge, rising stem,
OS&Y, welded bonnet, conventional port.
Gate Valves for Instrument Lines
Manufacturer
Part
Number
Anvil
Fig. 825
/4" 2"
Size
Pipe caps 1/2" thru 1": Threaded

solid steel hex bull plug, ASTM
A-696 GR B or C barstock, Norris.
Smith
870-00000
/4" 2"
Vogt
2801
/4" 2"
Couplings 1/2" thru 1": 3000-lb

threaded forged steel coupling,
Methods of Making
Branch Connections
Couplings 1/2" thru 1": 3000-lb

threaded forged steel Threadolet
fitting, ASTM A-105.
Unions 1/2" thru 1": 3000-lb
threaded Nicholson (Flexitallic)
union, carbon steel body, stainless
steel-graphite/mica gasket, AAR
dimensions; Nicholson 3000-SUA-T.
Reducers 1/2" thru 1": Extrastrong steel swaged nipple, ASTM
A-106 or A-53 GR B, or ASTM A696 GR B or C barstock, threaded
both ends.
Pipe Nipples 1/2" thru 1": ASTM
A-106 GR B, extra-strong seamless
steel pipe nipple, threaded. Closed
nipples shall not be used.
Thread Compound: Permatex No.
2 thread compound.
18
Cleaning Procedures: Wire brush

to clean threads. Apply joint
compound. Avoid using chlorinated cleaning solvents.
/2" thru 1": For socket welding

piping, use straight size or reducing
tee. Reducer insert may be used in
place of reducing tee.
Shutoff and
Throttling Valves
Steel valves with high-temperature
flexible graphite packing are
recommended for use with
DOWTHERM fluids. Valves that
utilize metal bellows primary seals
with high-temperature secondary
packing may provide extra protection and service with DOWTHERM
fluids. Brass valves should be
avoided because of ANSI Code
temperature limitations.
All socket weld valves that terminate a line should have a threaded
nipple welded into the valve and
be capped.
Pack valves with Union Carbide
Grafoil high-temperature packing
using the following system:
Bottom One ring of John Crane
1625G braided graphite filament,
or equivalent.
Middle Union Carbide GTK dieformed Grafoil rings with passive
inhibitor, or equivalent.
Top One ring of John Crane
1625G, or equivalent.
Tight Shutoff Valves
/2" thru 1": For socket welding

branch connections for welded
piping, use Sockolet welded to
header.
11/2" and up: For welded piping,
use straight size or reducing tee.
Weldolet may be used in place of
reducing tee when branch is
smaller than header.
2" and up: 300-lb ANSI flanged

rising stem ball valve. Carbon steel
body, nickel faced ball, stainless
steel tube insert, ASTM A-193 B7
bolting.
2" and Up 300-lb ANSI Flanged
Rising Stem Ball Valve
Manufacturer
Part
Number
Orbit
1233H8
Regular Port
Size
2" 20"
Globe Valves
Gate Valves
Check Valves
1
/2" thru 1": 800-lb forged steel
socket weld globe. 800-lb at 850F,
bonnet, 13% chrome stainless steel
trim, loose threaded disc, OS&Y,
welded bonnet.
1
/2" thru 1": 800-lb forged steel
socket weld gate. 800-lb at 850F,
bonnet, 13% chrome trim, H.F.
OS&Y, welded bonnet, conventional port.
Check valves in systems using

DOWTHERM fluid cannot be relied
upon for positive seal, and where
necessary, should be supplemented
with shutoff valves. Where check
valves are used in condensate
return lines, they should not be
spring-loaded. Satisfactory check
valves are available from the
suppliers of shutoff and throttling
valves.
/2"1": 800-lb Forged Steel

Socket Weld Globe Valves
Manufacturer
Anvil
Smith
Vogt
Part
Number
Fig. 860
Size
1
/4" 2"
G87-0000W
/4" 2"
SW2821
/4" 2"
/2"1": 800-lb Forged Steel

Socket Weld Gate Valves
Manufacturer
/2" thru 11/2": 300-lb forged

steel flanged globe. 300-lb. at
800F, 740-lb at 100F, forged steel
body and bonnet, 13% chrome
trim, H.F. seat, rising stem, OS&Y,
loose disc, bolted bonnet.
/2" 11/2": 300-lb Forged Steel

Flanged Globe Valves
Manufacturer
Part
Number
Size
G83-00060
/2" 2"
Anvil
Fig. 332
/2" 2"
Velan
F-1074-B-DZTY
/2" 2"
Smith
Anvil
Fig. 825
Smith
870-0000W
/4" 2"
SW-2801
/4" 2"
Bonney Forge WL-11-SW
/4" 2"
Velan
/4" 2"
2" and Up 300-lb Cast Carbon

Steel Flanged Globe Valves
Manufacturer
Part
Number
Size
Kitz
300 SCJB
2" 12"
Newco
23F-CB2
2" 12"
Velan
F-174B-2T
2" 12"
W-2054W-02TY
/4" 2"
/2" thru 11/2": 300-lb forged

steel flanged gate. 300-lb at 800F,
740-lb at 100F, forged steel body
and bonnet, 13% chrome trim, H.F.
OS&Y, bolted bonnet.
1
/2" 11/2" 300-lb Forged Steel

Flanged Gate Valves
Manufacturer
Part
Number
Size
Fig. 321
/2" 2"
Smith
830
/2" 2"
Vogt
363
/2" 2"
Velan
1054B-02TY
/2" 2"
Anvil
2" and up: 300-lb cast carbon steel

flanged globe. 300-lb at 750F,
carbon steel body, 13% chrome
alloy stem and disc, nickel alloy
seat rings, rising stem, OS&Y,
bolted bonnet.
Size
1
Vogt
1
Part
Number
2" and up: 300-lb carbon steel

flanged gate. 300-lb at 800F, 600lb at 100F, carbon steel body, 13%
chrome trim, H.F. seat rings,
flexible wedge, rising stem, OS&Y,
bolted bonnet.
/2" thru 1": 800-lb F.S. socket

weld swing check. 800-lb at 825F,
2000-lb at 100F, body forged steel
ASTM A-105, 13% chrome to H.F.
seat and disc, integral cover.
1
/2"1": 800-lb F.S. Socket Weld
Swing Check Valves
Manufacturer
Part
Number
Anvil
Fig. SW847
/2" 2"
SWS74
/2" 2"
Vogt
Size
1" and up: 300-lb C.S. flanged

swing check. 300-lb at 800F, 740lb at 100F, cast carbon steel body,
13% chrome to H.F. disc and seat,
bolted cover, raised face flanges.
1" and Up 300-lb C.S. Flanged
Swing Check Valves
Manufacturer
Part
Number
Size
Kitz
300 SCOB
2" 24"
Newco
33F-CB2
2" 24"
Velan
F-101114C-02TY 2" 24"
2" and Up 300-lb Carbon Steel

Flanged Gate Valves
Manufacturer
Part
Number
Size
Kitz
K300-SCLSF
2" 24"
Newco
13F-CB2
2" 24"
Velan
F-1064C-02TY
2" 24"
19
Table 3 Manufacturers of Shutoff and Throttling Valves1

Type of Valve
Company
Ball
Bellows Butterfly
Anvil
Bonney Forge Corp.
BS&B Process Systems, Inc.
Conbraco Industries, Inc.
Crane Valves
Dresser Industries, Inc.
Duriron Co./Valve Div.
Dwyer Instruments, Inc.
Masoneilan/Dresser
Newco
Nibco, Incorporated
Orbit
1 Table
Gate
Globe
Plug
The William Powell Co.

Smith Valve Corp.
Stockham Valve & Fittings, Inc.
Vanessa Valve Corp
Velan Valve Corp.

Henry Vogt Machine Co.
Yarway Corp.
Control
EG&G Sealol Eagle Valve

Fisher Controls Intl., Inc.
Foxboro Company
Invalco, Inc.
Kerotest Mfg. Co.
Kitz Corp of America
Richard Klinger, Inc.
The Luckenheimer Co.
Check
3 is presented for reference only. This listing does not imply that a particular manufacturer and/or valve are a part of Dows piping specifications, nor does
the listing of a manufacturer imply approval or recommendation by Dow of any manufacturer to the exclusion of others that may produce a suitable product.
20
VII. INDEX TO SUPPLIERS

Company
Page(s)
ABB Lummus Heat Transfer .............................................................. 3, 4, 5

American Econo-Therm Division ..................................................... 3, 4, 5
American Hydrotherm Corporation .................................................. 3, 4, 5
American Schack Company, Incorporated ....................................... 3, 4, 5
Ametek, Incorporated, Thermox Instruments Division ........................... 6
Ametek, Incorporated, U.S. Gauge Division .......................................... 11
Anvil............................................................................................. 18, 19, 20
Armstrong International, Incorporated ................................................... 12
Artisan Industries, Incorporated .................................................... 3, 4, 5, 6
Bechtel Group, Incorporated ..................................................................... 3
The Bethlehem Corporation, Process Equipment Group ..................... 4, 6
Blaw Knox Food & Chemical Equipment Company, Incorporated ..... 5, 6
Bonney Forge Corporation................................................................. 19, 20
G. C. Broach Company ...................................................................... 4, 5, 6
John Brown E&C, Incorporated ................................................................ 3
Brown Fired Heater Division ................................................................. 5, 6
Brown & Root, Inc. .................................................................................... 3
BS&B Process Systems, Incorporated .................................... 3, 4, 5, 10, 20
Buffalo Pumps, Inc. .................................................................................... 7
BW/IP International, Incorporated, Pump Division ................................. 7
BW/IP International, Incorporated, Seal Division ................................... 8
Chempump Division, Crane Company ..................................................... 7
Cherry-Burrell Process Equipment Division .......................................... 5, 6
A. W. Chesterton Company ...................................................................... 8
Chromalox .................................................................................................. 5
Clark-Reliance Corporation .......................................................... 6, 11, 12
Conbraco Industries, Incorporated .............................................. 10, 12, 20
Crane Valves ............................................................................................ 20
John Crane Incorporated ..................................................................... 8, 15
Crosby Valve & Gage Company .......................................................... 6, 12
Cuno, Incorporated .................................................................................. 13
Dean Pump Division, MET-PRO Corporation .......................................... 7
DEC International, Engineered Products Group .................................. 5, 6
Dickow Pump Company ........................................................................ 6, 7
Dow Engineering Company ....................................................................... 3
Dresser Industries, Incorporated, Industrial Valve Operation ........... 12, 20
21
INDEX TO SUPPLIERS (CONT.)

Company
Page(s)
Durametallic Corporation .......................................................................... 8

The Duriron Company, Incorporated, Pump Division .......................... 5, 7
The Duriron Company, Incorporated, Valve Division .................. 5, 10, 20
Dwyer Instruments, Incorporated ...................................................... 11, 20
EG&G Sealol, Eagle Valve ...................................................................... 20
EG&G Sealol, Industrial Sealing Division ................................................ 8
First Thermal Systems, Incorporated ..................................................... 3, 5
Fisher Controls International, Incorporated ................... 5, 6, 8, 10, 11, 20
Flexitallic, Incorporated ....................................................................... 8, 15
Fluor Daniel, Incorporated ......................................................................... 3
Foster Wheeler USA Corporation ......................................................... 3, 5
The Foxboro Company ................................................................ 10, 11, 20
Fulton Thermal Corporation ..................................................................... 5
Furon Company, FlexSeal Division ......................................................... 15
Goulds Pumps, Incorporated ...................................................................... 7
Heatec, Incorporated ......................................................................... 3, 5, 6
Hynes Electric Heating Company ......................................................... 5, 6
INDEECO .............................................................................................. 5, 6
Ingersoll-Dresser Pump Company .............................................................. 7
The International Boiler Works Company............................................ 3, 5
Invalco, Incorporated ..................................................... 5, 6, 10, 11, 12, 20
ITT Standard .............................................................................................. 5
JM Clipper Corporation ............................................................................. 8
Kerotest Manufacturing Company .......................................................... 20
Kitz Corporation of America ....................................................... 10, 19, 20
Richard Klinger, Incorporated ........................................................... 10, 20
The Kontro Company, Incorporated ..................................................... 6, 7
Lamons Gasket Company ........................................................................ 15
Lockwood Greene Engineers, Incorporated .............................................. 3
The Luckenheimer Company .................................................................. 20
Magnetrol International .......................................................................... 11
Manning & Lewis Engineering Company ............................................. 5, 6
Marine & Petroleum Manufacturing, Incorporated ............................ 5, 15
Masoneilan North America,
Dresser Valve & Controls Division ................................. 6, 10, 11, 20
Memcor Power Generation Division, Memtec America Corporation ... 13
Michigan Science & Engineering Associates ............................................ 3
22
INDEX TO SUPPLIERS (CONT.)

Company
Page(s)
Micro Motion ........................................................................................... 10

Newco ................................................................................................. 19, 20
Nibco, Incorporated ................................................................................. 20
Orbit Valve Company ........................................................................ 18, 20
Owens-Corning Fiberglas ......................................................................... 13
Pall Process Filtration Company .............................................................. 13
Parker Hannifin Corporation, Commercial Filters Division .................. 13
The Ralph M. Parsons Corporation ........................................................... 3
Permatex Industrial Corporation ............................................................. 15
Petro-Chem Development Company, Incorporated ............................. 3, 5
PfaudlerU.S., Incorporated ...................................................... 3, 5, 6, 15
Pittsburgh Corning Corporation .............................................................. 13
The William Powell Company ................................................................ 20
Raytheon Engineers & Constructors ......................................................... 3
Riley Stoker Corporation ........................................................................... 5
Schuller International, Incorporated, Mechanical Insulation Division . 13
Walter F. Seifert, Consulting Engineer ...................................................... 3
Smith Valve Corporation ............................................................. 18, 19, 20
Spirax Sarco ......................................................................................... 6, 12
Stockham Valve & Fittings, Inc. ............................................................. 20
Stone & Webster Engineering Corporation .............................................. 3
Struthers-Wells Corporation.................................................................. 5, 6
Sundstrand Fluid Handling ........................................................................ 7
SUPER-TROL Division, Enercon Systems, Incorporated .................... 5, 6
Sverdrup Technology, Incorporated ........................................................... 3
The Swagelok Companies ........................................................................ 15
Teledyne Farris Engineering ..................................................................... 12
Thermoflux, Incorporated .......................................................................... 5
UCAR Carbon Company, Incorporated ....................................... 8, 13, 15
Union Pump Company .............................................................................. 7
Vanessa Valve Corporation ...................................................................... 20
Velan Valve Corporation ................................................................... 19, 20
Henry Vogt Machine Company ............................................... 6, 18, 19, 20
Wellman Thermal ...................................................................................... 5
Worcester Controls ................................................................................ 6, 8
Yarway Corporation ....................................................... 6, 7, 10, 11, 12, 20
23
EQUIPMENT FOR SYSTEMS

USING DOWTHERM *
HEAT TRANSFER FLUIDS
Includes heat transfer system
hardware and fabrication guidelines
For more information about DOWTHERM heat transfer fluids,

call: 1-800-447-4369
NOTICE: Dow believes the information and recommendations contained herein to be accurate and reliable as of August, 1994. However, since any assistance
furnished by Dow with reference to the proper use and disposal of its products is provided without charge, and since use conditions and disposal are not within its
control, Dow assumes no obligation or liability for such assistance and does not guarantee results from use of such products or other information contained herein.
No warranty, express or implied, is given nor is freedom from any patent owned by Dow or others to be inferred. Information contained herein concerning laws and
governmental regulations is based on U.S. federal laws and regulations except where specific reference is made to those of other jurisdictions. Since use conditions
and governmental regulations may differ from one location to another and may change with time, it is the Buyers responsibility to determine whether Dows products
are appropriate for Buyers use, and to assure Buyers workplace and disposal practices are in compliance with laws, regulations, ordinances, and other governmental
enactments applicable in the jurisdiction(s) having authority over Buyers operations.
Note: Many of the product names cited in this bulletin are trademarks of their manufacturers.
Printed in U.S.A.
*Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company
Form No. 176-01335-894AMS

Heat Transfer Fluids

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EQUIPMENT FOR SYSTEMS

I. Engineering /Consulting Firms ......................................................................... 3

Sources for Engineering Services

Lockwood Greene Engineers,

*Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company

II. HEATERS AND VAPORIZERS

Liquid heaters, in general, use forced

liquid heaters are similarly controlled

The most important difference

The thermal efficiencies of vaporizers

ABB Lummus Heat Transfer

Vaporizers should be designed to ensure adequate circulation of medium

American Schack Company,

When a DOWTHERM heat transfer

liquid-tube and fire-tube types, the

Fuel burners on vaporizers are generally

American Econo-Therm Division

Artisan Industries, Incorporated

Brown Fired Heater Division

American Schack Company,

Brown Fired Heater Division

First Thermal Systems, Incorporated

The Duriron Company, Incorporated

INDEECO (Industrial Engineering

Manning & Lewis Engineering

Manning & Lewis Engineering

The International Boiler Works

Marine & Petroleum

Manning & Lewis Engineering

Manufacturers of Heat Exchangers

Hynes Electric Heating Company

Artisan Industries, Incorporated

INDEECO (Industrial Engineering

The Bethlehem Corporation

Canned Motor and

detection equipment and secondary

Manufacturers of Canned Motor

indicates that the metal bellows

A mechanically sealed pump

Fisher Controls International,

Figure 1 Piping of Pump for DOWTHERM Heat Transfer Fluid

1. Support discharge line to relieve pump of

10. Needle valve.

6. Vent and drain plugs in casing.

15. Mechanical seal coolant (DOWTHERM

16. Bearing cooling (normally water).

8. Lubrication and vent.

9. Stuffing box coolant (normally water).

18. At least two pipe diameters to

19. Flexible connection or expansion joints

Suppliers for Flow Instruments

Generally, control valves should

Fisher Controls International,

Automatic Control Valves

The Foxboro Company

Air-operated diaphragm control

Kitz Corporation of America

The Foxboro Company

Systems using DOWTHERM fluid in

Solid contaminants and highboiling materials may be removed

Two types of insulation, closed-cell

Tanks and Jacketed Vessels

Closed-cell insulation is recommended where there is a possibility

Flexible graphite insulation is