Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Contract No.
W-7405, eng.
26
R. F. Redmond
J. iknes
LABORATORY
operated by
CARBIDE AND CARBON CHEMICALS C O M F ' ~
Union Carbide and Carbon Corporation
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Oak Ridge, Tennessee
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..
--
~RJIIJ 1342
Physics
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e
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81-85
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86*
M. J. Skinner
39. R, N. Lyon
.tq
EXTERNAL D ISTRIBUT1OM
me
TABU OF CONTEmTs
IXTRODUCTION
LIST OF FIGURES
18
20
21
22
24
UNCLASSIFIED
SUMMARY
The purpose of t h i s investigation was the determination of the heat cap a c i t i e s of zirconium and lithium a t elevated temperatures,
I n making these
The zirconium data extend the temperature range for which zirconium
Cp = 0,070
3.6
T(cal/g OC),
where 2OO0C
2.8 x
= O.,lOg
where
150%
OC),
L TC C llOO*C
Stainless S t e e l (type
cP
lom5T(cal/g
'
316)
5.,7 x lom5T(c&/g
6 TOC L~OOO'C
OC),
55,
of t h e material was
To obtain t h e enthalpy of t h e
The enthalpy
%-
Eo = a
+ bT +
C T * ~ When d i f f e r -
form Cp = b
2cTo
'*
spec if ied,
t 5% over
t h e temperature ranges
'
Standard Error
oi'
10
0.12
10
1.49
0.026
0.004
Si
0.55
Cr
17.0
12.2
0.5
Ni
Mo
'
2*3
0.5
1
The r e s u l t s axe shown i n
Table 1 and are compared with t h e valiies f o r t h e enthalpy obtained from the
c o r r e l a t i n g equation,
mcI;AssIFm
'7
q(S) =
where 150C
1.54 +-
TC
0.109 T
t 1)
1000C
The heat
Reduction 03
From t h e c a s t metal
The z i r c o n i q
plugs were sealed i n t o capsules by a heliarc weld around the capsule cover.
UNCMSSIFIA)
.>
machining w a s :
PPm
A1
I'In
200
Ba
4 400
hb
Be
.L. 0.1
Ni
200
Ca
40
Pb
20
ca
400
Hf
co
4 10
Si
100
Cr
20
Sn
h 20
CU
200
Ti
40
Fe
10,000
Mg
400
10,000
L 20
Zn
6 10
3.
Q(S)
where 150C L TC
0.107
L
0.070 T
1050C
+ 1.8 x
T2(F)
(3)
UMCLASSIFIED
The data a r e shown i n Table 2 and the observed values a r e compzed with
t h e equation'values f o r t h e same temperatures.
The derived heat capacity equation is
Cp ( c a l / g
+ 3.6
= 0.070
OC)
x 10-5 T
(4)
%)
0.0467
4.54 x
614
+T2
Ca
O.O@
Al
- O.Ol'$
Fe
- O.OOl$
Ha
0.002
0.005%
oeo6$o
nil
some o i l .
10
UNCLASSIFDD
After t h e measurements were made, two capsules were opened and t h e lithium
samples were analyzed.
Sample AH
Wi
50-54 ppm
Ni
1170-1215 ppm
Fe
885-920 ppm
Fe
2'j"j'O-Fj'OO ppm
Cr
1ppm
(2
500 P P
0.074%
0.048$
A t o t a l of
*
.,
lithium.
an equation f o r t h e data.
- H,(S)
= 89.9
1.00 T
+ 1*4x
10-5 T2
cal
(7)
where 250C 4 TC h. l l 0 O o C
The curve of t h i s equation is p l o t t e d i n Figure 4 with the averaged data
values indicated.
The derived heat capacity equation f o r l i q u i d lithium is
Cp (cal/g
OC)
= 1.00
2,8 x 10-5 T
where 250C h TC h U O O C
(t 574)
4.
Several investigators have studied lithium, and the various heat capacity' values reported i n t h e l i t e r a t u r e are compared i n Figure 5 .
comparisons are shown Z n Table 5.
I
/tks
.'
Tabulated
. .
UNcLASsLFm
12
*.
IZGEREXCES
-\
'.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6. Jaeger, F.
UNCLASSIFIED
DWG. 11590
*\
.
THERMOCOUPLE1
m - F U S E
CIRCUIT
BURETTES 8r
CAPILLARY,
ARGON---------//
R
ICE BATH
LUCITE SHEL
ICE MANTLE
AROUND FINS
.
Fig. I.
W I D 3 oH-*H
AdlWHlN3
I-
Y)
W
W
cn
cn
cn
c9
cu
t-
-W
.-c
cn
3j
W
Q
(D
II
In
I-
r
I
I
0
y.
cn
>
W
Q
0
fc
w
ci,
ii
.
8
E ) / l D 3 OH -% A d l V H l N 3
.N
I-
E)/ 1033
OH-lH
AdltlHlN3
I-
In
*
+
I-
9
-
o
(
u
o
ri
I
*o0
16
r
c
UNCLASSIFIED
DWG. 16395
SEE K. K . KELLY ( 7 )
0.060
r)
V1
A
A
.
0.
1.40
LITHIUM:
1.20
---
NEPA
1-Z-A
LANDOLT-BORNSTEIN
1.
0
0
200
400
600
TEMPERATURE,
800
OC
1000
I,
tI-
1200
17
18
mcLASsIFm
TABLE 1
TABULATED ENTfTALPY DATA FOR
Temperature
I
OC
137
146
152
176
15 099
17 32
18 97
21 95
24.28
28 75
31.40
35 009
36 60
36 95
9
202
, J
236
255
284
298
301
344
354
355
396
404
404
408
410
417
420
466
._ 467
477
480
528
43 70
42 90
50.60
51.20
51.00
50 60
50.80
52.20
54,60
59 080
56.20
60.60
60.10
47 -70
531
534
551
594
597
598
68.50
70.40
76.68
78 61
76 d 97
-0 02
0
-0.05
-0.59
-0 07
e
-1.01
+l.
34
-0.88
+o .17
+o .29
-0.49
-0 16
+o 15
+o .23
41 90
*
-1e 05
17.Oh
18 10
18 80
21.66
24077
28 91
31* 25
34 86
36 62
37 -00
42.49
43 77
43 91
49.26
50.31
50.31
50.84
51.10
52.04
52.43
58.61
58 75
60 12
60.51
67 3.5
67.46
67 98
70.36
76 -45
76.86
77 003
+o .89
+o .69
-0.24
-0.30
+o 16
+2 17
e
4-1.19
-2.55
+O 38
-0 41
69.00
+0.55
+l.
54
' .
+0.52
+O .04
+O .23
+I* 75
-0.06
(Continued)
UESCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
:-,
TABU 1 (Continued)
Difference
Calc.
Obs.
Temperature
oc
602
617
637
663
666
688
690
696
740
762
788
806
807
871.
876
896
919
949
987
1003
1013
-P.
cau13
77-70
78.20
83 * 35
87 -72
88,22
09-70
87 30
91 02
96 13
99-56
107 6
106 2
106.8 .
118.2
115.5
122 6
125 .o
129.0
137 2
143 5
0
143.0
77 90
79.76
82.65
86,46
86.90
90 13
90 -43
91.31
97 93
101 27
0
105.2
108.0
108 2
118.2
u9.0
122.2
125.8
13007
137 0
139 6
141.3
0
-0 * 20
-1.56
+o .70
+1.26
+l.
32
-0 e43
-3 13
-0 29
-1.80
-1.71
+2.4
-1.8
-1.4
0
-3.5
+0,4
-0.8
. -1.7
+0.2
+3*9
+1.7
20
TABLE 2
-HOW
Tenrperature
C&/g
C a l c u l a t ea
OC
Equation 3
'f
131
139
186
195
236
246
308
314
350
365
370
424
497
500
538
544
622
641
680
726
796
834
841
906
912
972
1014
1036
10 30
0
io. 15
12~69
13 63
16 19
17 938
25 .oo
22.90
27 14
28.15
28.36
31 62
39 * 87
40-35
43 32
42,30
50 50
50 52
55 J.3.
60.94
67.66
72 26
69 89
78013
75 e76
84057
89 079
92.44
0
9.35
9.93
13.48
14 17
17 35
18 13
23.08
23056
26.50
r7 074
28 16
32.66
39 00
59.26
42 62
43 17
50-24
52.01
55 065
60.03
66.85
70 62
71 31
77 090
78 52
84-74
89 18
91.52
0
Difference
Obs.
- Calc.
+0-95
+o
22
-0.79
-0 044
-1-16
-0 075
+1.92
-0.66
+O 64
+0.41
+o
20
-1004
+o 87
+1 09
+o -70
-0.87
+o 26
-1-49
-0.54
+o 91
1-0.81
+1 64
-1.42
+o .23
-2.76
-0.17
+o .61
+o 92
e
21
UNCLASSIFIED
TABLE
ORNL
%-Eo ( c 4 3 )
Jaeger
Veenstra (6)
Cp(cal/g OC)
ORNL
Cp(cal/g
200
13 -74
14.5
0.0710
0.077
400
28 e 67
30.7
0.0786
0.084
600
45 *23
48.2
0.0870
0.091
OC)
22
UNcLPssIFm
TABU 4
TC
' ,i
230
274
307
310
370
403
406
418
474
479
527
541
561
577
608
612
617
619
648
664
686
687
696
710
728
729
332 1
343.0
0
520 0
482 0
Mean
qa>-Ho(S)
Difference
Temperature OC
Equation 5
Hean
ca113
c d g
- Eq- 5
230.0
274 *O
308 5
332.5
320.8
365 -2
400.0
+11.3
343 -0
416.9
370
462.4
462.2
0.2
409
499 9
501.6
1.7
493
565 09
586 .I
-20-9
559-7
666.3
654 5
+ ~ . 8
614
702~8
709.7
- 6.9
681-8
784 -7
778 8
5.4
740
838.6
838.2
0.4
-22.2
+16,9
553.0
652.0
662.9
683.1
694.0
692 0
684.0
741 0
774 1
790 -0
781.2
780 0
769 3
810 -7
839 00
814 -0
e
730
797 -0
734
736
737
744
746
746
748
748
817 .o
805 .o
838.0
856.0
862.0
848 0
890 .o
UNCLASSIFIED
23
TABU 4 (Continued)
.-!
Difference
cal/g
Mean - E. 5
i\
756
762
766
766
792
803
807
816
847
854
866
,871
884
895
910
936
941
942
949
960
965
990
1000
1006
1012
1018
826.9
887 -4
923 0
909 2
929 * 2
968.0
945 -4
909 0
966 .I?.
972-1
984.8
1028..
1063.
1050.
762.5
871.2
861.2
+10.0
804.5
917 -6
904.1
+13 5
869* 5
957.6
970 -7
-13-1
1052
1046
+6
1018
1098
1123
-25
1088
1210
la95
+15
943 3
1082.
1012.
1095
1062.
1060.
1135
1020
1024
1029
1034
1036
1037
1065
1098
llo1
1058.
1153.
996
1215
1217.
1199.
rl
0
0
+I
rl
+I
=I
n
rl
a3
+I
rl
Ln
9
-lJ
cu
\D
rl
ch
+'
0
I
+I
9
rl
+I
rl
cu
rl
Fc\
+'
a3
a
.
rl
v
V
0
8
?
0
0
Ln
W
cu*
0
+i
0
0
?
0
6 3
0
c-.
- .
. .
24