Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
2049 to 2055
#2006 The Japan Institute of Metals
Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
Shock Wave and Condensed Matter Research Center, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
3
Lavrentyev Institute of Hydrodynamics SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
4
Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar,
Cuddalore District, Tamilnadu-608002, India
5
Department of Applied Chemistry, Sojo University, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
2
Commercially pure titanium and 304 stainless steel were welded using explosive welding technique. The joints were evaluated using
optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diraction. The study indicates the formation of
characteristic interfacial oscillations with vortices at high energetic conditions. The reacted products of the vortices have been identied as FeTi
and Fe2 Ti intermetallics by X-ray diraction. Increase in the kinetic energy spent at the interface cause the volume of vortices to increase.
Smooth wavy and at topography has been obtained for thin yer plates due to less kinetic energy loss. The results demonstrate a good welding
interface for multi-layered welding using a thin stainless steel interlayer, as the kinetic energy dissipation at the interface was less.
[doi:10.2320/matertrans.47.2049]
(Received February 6, 2006; Accepted June 5, 2006; Published August 15, 2006)
Keywords: explosive welding, titanium, stainless steel, characterization, intermetallics, kinetic energy loss
1.
Introduction
Experimental Procedure
The parallel plate conguration of explosive welding was
2050
Experimental conditions.
Test No.
Flyer plate
thickness,
t f /mm
Base plate
thickness,
tb /mm
Stand o
distance,
s/mm
Loading
ratio, r
Flyer plate
velocity,
V p /ms1
Dynamic bend
angle,
Horizontal
collision point
velocity, Vc /ms1
Kinetic
energy loss,
KE/MJm2
E1
10
0.93
470
10.9
2450
2.36
E2
10
1.16
510
11.7
2500
2.78
E3
15
1.16
540
12.5
2500
3.11
E4
15
1.4
590
13.0
2600
3.72
E5
10
1.16
610
15.0
2350
2.44
E6
1.94
620
14.4
2500
2.52
E7
10
1.94
730
16.7
2500
3.50
E8
E9
3
3
9
9
15
15
1.94
2.33
770
820
17.7
18.2
2500
2600
3.89
4.41
E10
2.33
1020
27.5
2150
2.33
E11
10
1.75
965
28.6
1950
2.08
2
mD mC V 2p
2mD mC
where mD is the mass of the yer plate per unit area and mC is
the mass of the collided plate per unit area.
The micrograph of titanium-stainless steel explosive weld
reveals the characteristic wave transition with vortices that
contain intermetallic layer of the participant metals. During
explosive welding, a high velocity forward jet is formed
between the metal plates, which sweeps away the surface
layers on the metals, if the yer velocity V p and the collision
angle are in the range for welding. The collision pressure
associated with the kinetic energy of the yer plate causes
shear deformation across the surfaces of the plates. The shear
deformation together with the momentum of the yer plate
forms a hump ahead of the collision point. Bahrani et al.18)
stated that this hump deects the jet upwards and completely
blocks o the jet. The trapped jet forms a vortex, in which the
kinetic energy of the jet is dissipated. The heat generated
from the jet is not able to rapidly dissipate from the vortex
and hence, becomes localized and increases the temperature
of the vortex. Cowan et al.19) reported that the trapping of the
jet, in particular, occurs in the case of two initially parallel
plates, which is extensively used for large plate cladding.
Bergman et al.20) based on his experiments on parallel set up,
observed that the jet is in the form of a spray of metal
particles and the temperature of the jet was higher in air due
to the adiabatic compression of gas between the yer and
parent plate and the frictional heating. The dispersed jet
containing the two component metals is vigorously circulated
2051
(a)
Ti
SUS 304
Fig. 1
100 m
m
(b)
Ti
SUS 304
100 m
(c)
Fig. 3 (a) Representative SEM image and elemental mapping (b) distribution of Fe (c) distribution of Ti (E3).
2052
Ti
1159
805
876
Ti
2
SUS 304
10 m
Fig. 4
1027 1077
980 788
1251 368
1355
Ti
1392
419
Fig. 5
100 m
Table 2
Point
Fe
Ti
Cr
Ni
Si
52
26
15
57
18
17.5
6.5
(a)
Ti
(a)
SUS 304
Ti
SUS 304
1 mm
1 mm
-2
-2
(b)
2053
(b)
Ti
Ti
SUS 304
SUS 304
1 mm
(c)
Ti
SUS 304
(c)
10 m
1 mm
Ti
SUS 304
1 mm
2054
200
Ti
150
100
Interlayer 0.3 mm
50
SUS 304
0
0
6
-2
(a)
Ti
SUS 304
1 mm
(b)
Ti
SUS 304
1 mm
1 mm
Conclusions
2055
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