1.

The Philippine Clean Air Act and Declaration of

Principles
2. Air Pollution & Air Pollutants
3. Monitoring of Criteria Pollutants
4. Air Pollution Clearances & Permit for Stationary
Sources
5. Permit Conditions
6. Other Provisions of the Clean Air Act

An act, which is a consolidation of House Bill

6216 and Senate Bill No. 1255, passed by
House of Representatives on May 10, 1999 and
Senate on May 13, 1999.

An act providing for a comprehensive air

pollution control policy.

The State shall protect and advance the right of

the people to a balanced and healthful ecology in
accord with the rhythm and harmony of nature.

The State recognizes the principle that Polluters

must pay

The State recognizes that clean and healthy

environment is for the good of all and should
therefore be the concern of all.

Composition of Air (% by Volume)

Nitrogen 78%
Oxygen 21%
Other gases 1%

Any alteration in the physical, chemical and biological

properties of the atmospheric air.

Discharge thereto of any liquid, gaseous or solid

substances that will likely to create or render the air
resources harmful, detrimental, or injurious to public
health and safety .

1. Natural Sources
2. Man-Made Sources

1. Eruption of Volcano
2. Forest Fire
3.Sand Storm
4. Pollen Grains

Examples: Burning of Solid Wastes, Fugitive

Dust from Development Projects,
Unpaved Roads

AREA 17%

STATIONARY
3%

Mobile 80%

Sulfur Oxides (SOx)

Particulates (TSP, PM10, PM2.5

Health: Causes eye irritation and breathing
Ground Level Ozone
Increases risk of mortality from
Health: Decreases
lungdifficulties.
function,
NOX +VOC
+ Heat & Sunlight = Ozone
cardiovascular disease
causes heart ailments, &respiratory
prematureand
death.
Health: Triggers chest pain, coughing, throat
Nitrogen Oxides(NOx)
Environment: Reacts with water and oxygen to
Environment: Visibility
irritation. reduction
Worsens bronchitis, emphysema and
form acid rain
asthma
Health: Adverse
respiratory effects including airway
Aesthetic
Damage
inflammation
Carbon MonoxideEnvironment:
(CO)
LeadAffects
(Pb) ecosystem and vegetation
Environment: Major source of photochemical
Health:
Reduces the
oxygen-carrying
capacity of
smog,Contributes
global
warming
Health: Affects nervous system, kidney
the
blood.SO2,
At extremely
level,
canPb
cause
PM,
NO2,high
O3.
CO,
function,
immune system, reproductive and
death
developmental and cardiovascular system
respiratory symptoms
Environment: Contributes to the formation of
smog, ground-level ozone,
Environment: Affects ecosystem

Short Term

LongTerm

Pollutants
ug/Ncm

Averaging
Time

ug/Ncm

Averaging
Time

Particulate Matterc
TSP
PM 10
PM2.5

230
150
75

24 hours
24 hours
24 hours

90
60
35

1 year
1 year
1 year

Sulfur Dioxide

180

24 hours

80

1 year

Nitrogen Dioxide

150

24 hours

Ozone

140
60

1 hour
8 hours

35 mg/Ncm
10 mg/Ncm

1 hour
8 hours

1.5

3 monthsg

1.0

1 year

Carbon Monoxide

Lead

5/9/2014

14

How Big is Particle Pollution?

Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Station (Hi-Volume) Location Map

TSP, Valenzuela City

TSP,PM10 NPO EDSA

TSP,PM10 DOH Manila

4
3

TSP, East Ave.

TSP, PM10 Marikina

TSP, Ateneo
TSP,Mandaluyong

TSP,Makati

PM10, MMDA Bldg.

1
0

TSP,PM10 Pasay Rotonda

PM10, NBP
11

Ateneo,Valenzuela, DOH Stations

Real Time .Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Station Location Map

PM10, PM2.5, Valenzuela City

PM10, PM2.5, Ateneo

C
PM10, PM2.5, NAMRIA

Real Time Ambient Air Monitoring Stations

2012 Monthly Trend of TSP Concentration at

Different Monitoring Stations
350

Valenzuela

300

NAAGV : 230 ug/NCM

250

Ateneo
East Ave.
NPO

200

150

Marikina
DOH-Mla
Manda

100

Makati
MRT-Taft

50

NAAGV : 90ug/NCM

180

2012 Monthly Trend of the Monthly Ave. Conc. Of PM10 At The Different Stations

Monthly Ave. Conc. in ug/Ncm

160

140

Guideline
NAAGV
Value = 150
: 150
ug/Ncm
ug/NCM

120

100

NAAGV : 60 ug/NCM

80

60

40

20

Atenei-RT

NPO-EDSA
Marikina
DOH-Manila
MMDA-EDSA
Pasay-TAFT
Val-RT
NAMRIA-RT

JAN
60

FEB
43

MAR
42

APRIL
27

MAY
28

JUNE
32

JULY
35

AUG
34

SEPT
38

OCT
39

NOV

DEC
44

60

72

57

60

58

78

56

58

60

84

74

62

106

71

51

51

76

65

57

58

54

86

67

85

86

51

63

69

53

38

38

50

42

51

64

81

91

75

45

43

66

81

54

39

53

59

56

36

134

123

127

95

143

160

130

70

80

115

144

140

46
56

120
41

75
49

61
36

70
55

39
29

48
40

25
31

59

70
56

81
36

58

2012 PM 2.5 Readings from 3 Real Time Stations

70

NAAGV : 75 ug/NCM
60

50

NAAGV : 35 ug/NCM
40

30

Valenzuela
Ateneo

20

10

NAMRIA

Steam Generating Boiler

Blast Furnace

Cyclone Dust Collector

Scrubber System

Electrostatic Precipitator

Activated Carbon Bed Adsorber

Diesel Generator

Gasoline Station

refers to the legal authorization granted by the

Environmental Management Bureau to operate
or maintain any installation for a specified
period of time

Two Types of Permit to Operate

Regular Permit to Operate valid for 5 years

Temporary Permit to Operate valid for 3
months

Permit
Application
Form
Page 2

Company profile
Amount of raw materials and finished products
Material balance
Process flow diagram indicating all sources of air
emission or possible air emission
Brief description of process.
List of APSI and corresponding air pollution control
facility (APCF) with complete specifications
Discussion of each APSI & APCF showing the
process/mode of operation, design criteria & efficiencies
of the APCF, the quantities & types of pollutants in the
final emissions.
Discussion of mitigating measures undertaken if APSI is
not provided with APCF
Pollution loading of the regulated air pollutants in
tons/year.

Plan/Elevation Drawing with the following:

Vicinity Map
Plant & Machinery Layout showing the
connection of the APSI to APCF
Plan & Elevation Drawings of each APSI &
APCF
Sectional Drawing of APCF
Must be drawn in 50 cm by 90 cm signed by the
President/General Manager and duly signed by
PME/CHE or any from the two.

For New Applicant:

Copy of the Certificate of Accreditation of the Pollution Control

Office, or appointment/designation as such by the Managing
Head.
ECC/CNC
Source Emission Test Requirement (if required).
Copy of Discharge Permit , if applicable.
Copy of Hazardous Waste Generator Registration ID, if
applicable.
Copy of SEC/DTI Registration Certificate

For Application for Permit Renewal:

Copy of Recent Permit to Operate

Proof of compliance to permit conditions (if required).

Emission Factor is a representative value that attempts

to relate the quantity of a pollutant released to the
atmosphere with an activity associated with the release
of that pollutant. This is commonly used to calculate
emissions when stack monitoring data are not available.

General Equation

E = A x EF x (1-ER/100)
E= emissions
A= Activity
EF = emission factor
ER = overall emission reduction efficiency

EPA AP-42 Emission Factors, (Lbs/1000 gal. fuel burned)

External Combustion
A. Boilers

PM

CO

NOx

SO2

SO3

VOC

A. Bunker Oil
< 100 million BTU/hr or
293.3 MW

10

55

157 (S) at
3% S =
471

2 (S)

1.28

> 100 million BTU/hr or

293.3 MW

9.19 (S) +
3.22

47

157 (S) at
3% S =
471

5.7(S)

B. Diesel
< 100 million BTU/hr or
293.3 MW

20

112 (S)

0.252

24

157 (S)

0.252

> 100 million BTU/hr or

293.3 MW

5/9/2014

39

Internal
Combustion
(i.e Gen Sets)
A. Diesel Fuel

PM

CO

NOx

SOx

VOC

<600 Hp or 588.24
KW

41.49

127.1

590.2

38.31

48.18

> 600 Hp or 588.24

KW

13.38

133.8

428.3

133.835 (S)

12.045

5/9/2014

40

Source : 100 kW Cummins Generator Set

Fuel Consumption = 7.4 Gallons /hr.

No. of hrs operated/year = 60 hrs
Fuel Consumption/year = 444 gals/year
No Air Pollution Control Device

E = A x EF x (1-ER/100)
A = Activity (Fuel Consumption/yr)
EF = Emission Factor
No APCD: (1-0) = 1

Internal combustion
Gen set
<600 Hp or 588.24 KW

PM

CO

NOx

SOx

VOC

41.49

127.1

590.2

38.31

48.14

5/9/2014

41

Particulate Matter (PM)

Emission Factor = 41.49 lbs/1,000 gal of fuel burned
PM = 444 gal/yr x 41.49 lbs x ( 1 0)
1,000 gal
= 18.29 lbs/yr/2.2 = 8.31 kgs/yr
= .00831 MT/yr

Carbon Monoxide (CO)

Emission factor = 127.1 lbs/1000 gallons of fuel burned
NOx = 444 gal/yr x 127.1 lbs x (1 0)
1000 gal
= 56.43 lbs/yr/2.2 = 25.65 kgs/yr
= .02565 MT/yr.

5/9/2014

42

Nitrogen Dioxide (NOx)

Emission Factor = 590.2 lbs/1,000 gal of fuel burned
PM = 444 gal/yr x 590.2 lbs x ( 1 0)
1,000 gal
= 262.05 lbs/yr/2.2 = 119.11 kgs/yr
= .119 MT/yr

Sulfur Dioxide (SOx)

Emission factor = 38.31 lbs/1000 gallons of fuel burned
NOx = 444 gal/yr x 38.31 lbs x (1 0)
1000 gal
= 17 lbs/yr/2.2 = 7.73 kgs/yr
= .0077 MT/yr.

5/9/2014

43

Volatile Organic Compound (VOC)

Emission Factor = 48.14 lbs/1,000 gal of fuel burned
PM = 444 gal/yr x 48.14 lbs x ( 1 0)
1,000 gal
= 21.37 lbs/yr/2.2 = 9.71 kgs/yr
= .0097 MT/yr

Source : 100 Hp Boiler

Fuel Consumption = 3,000 liters/month = 9,810 Gallons /hr.

No. of hrs operated/year = 60 hrs
Fuel Consumption/year = 444 gals/year
No Air Pollution Control Device

E = A x EF x (1-ER/100)
A = Activity (Fuel Consumption/yr)
EF = Emission Factor
No APCD: (1-0) = 1

Internal combustion
Gen set
<600 Hp or 588.24 KW

PM

CO

NOx

SOx

VOC

41.49

127.1

590.2

38.31

48.14

5/9/2014

45

Source: 100 HP LSFO-fired Boiler

Fuel Consumption: 3,000 liters/month = 9,810 gal/year
No Air Pollution Control Device

E = A x EF x (1-ER/100)
A = Activity (Fuel Consumption/yr)
EF = Emission Factor
No APCD: (1-0) = 1
Using Table in AP 42 5th Edition: < 100 million BTU/hr (Emission Factor)

External Combustion Boiler

A. Bunker Oil
< 100 million BTU/hr or 293.3 MW

PM

CO

NOx

SOx

VOC

10

55

157 (S)

1.28

5/9/2014

46

Particulate Matter (PM)

Emission Factor = 10 lbs/1,000 gal of fuel burned
PM = 9810 gal/yr x 10 lbs x ( 1 0)
1,000 gal
= 98.10 lbs/yr/2.2 = 4.45 kgs/yr.
= .04 MT/year

Carbon Monoxide (CO)

Emission factor = 5 lbs/1000 gallons of fuel burned

NOx = 9810 gal/yr x 5 lbs x (1 0)

1000 gal
= 49.05 lbs/yr/2.2 = 22.29 kgs/yr
= .02 MT/yr.

5/9/2014

47

Sulfur Dioxides (SOx)

Emission Factor = 157 (S) lbs/1,000 gal of fuel burned
if sulfur content of diesel is 1%
SO2= 9810 gal/yr x 157 (1) lbs x ( 1 0)
1,000 gal
= 1,540 lbs/yr/2.2 = 700 kgs/yr
= 0.7 MT/yr

Nitrogen Oxides (NOx)

Emission factor = 55 lbs/1000 gallons of fuel burned
NOx = 9810 gal/yr x 55 lbs x (1 0)
1000 gal
= 539.55 lbs/yr /2.2 = 245.25 kgs/yr
= .245 MT/yr.

Volatile Organic Compound (VOC)

Emission Factor = 1.28 lbs/1,000 gal of fuel burned

PM = 9810 gal/yr x 1.28 lbs x ( 1 0)

1,000 gal
= 12.56 lbs/yr/2.2 = 5.7 kgs/yr
= .0057 MT/yr

Filing Fee : P65.00

Permit Fee: to be assessed by PO Evaluator

Notice of Approval of Permit Application

indicating the permit fee shall be sent to the
applicant

refers to stipulations in the permit,

compliance of which is necessary for
continued validity of the permit.

Source Emission Test Requirements

Memorandum Circular 2007-003

Boiler rated at less than 50 Hp

Generator set rated at less than 300 KW (regardless of
frequency of operation)
Source that has the potential to emit less than 10 tons
per year
Emission testing not required

Small Source

Boiler rated 50 Hp to 99 HP
Generator set rated at 300 KW to 599 KW (regardless of
frequency of operation)
Source that has the potential to emit 10 to < 30 tons
per year
Emission testing required once every two years

5/9/2014

54

Medium Sized Source:

Boiler with rated capacity from 100 to 250 Hp
Generator set with rated capacity of 600 KW and above

(regardless of the frequency of operation)

Source that has the potential to emit 30 to <100 tons per
year
-Testing is once per year

Large Source
Boiler with rated capacity of 251 Hp or greater
Source that has the potential to emit 100 tons or more

per year
-Testing is twice (2x) per year

Pollutant

Particulates

NOx

Standard Applicable to Source

Maximum
Permissible Limits
(mg/Ncm)

1. Fuel Burning Equipment

a) Urban and Industrial Area
b) Other area

150
200

2. Cement Plants (kilns, etc.)

150

3. Smelting Furnaces

150

4. Other Stationary Sources

200

1. Manufacture of Nitric Acid

2. Fuel Burning Steam Generators
a) Existing Source
b) New Source
Coal-Fired
Oil-Fired

2,000 as acid & NO2

1,500 as NO2
1,000 as NO2
500 as NO2

Pollutant

NOx

Standard Applicable to Source

3. Diesel Powered Electricity

Generators
4. Any source other that 1, 2, 3
Existing Source
New Source

Sulfur Oxides 1. Existing Sources

a) Manufacture of Sulfuric Acid
Old Installation:
and Sulf(on)ation Process
Installed & Operated
b) Fuel Burning Equipment
before 11/26/2000
c) Other Stationary Sources
New Installation:
Installed & Operated
on or after 11/26/2000

2. New Sources
a) Manufacture of Sulfuric Acid
and Sulf(on)ation Process
b) Fuel Burning Equipment
c) Other Stationary Sources

Maximum Permissible
Limits (mg/Ncm)
2,000 as NO2

1,000 as NO2
500 as NO2

2,000 as SO3
1,500 as SO2
1,000 as SO3

1,500 as SO3

700 as SO2
200 as SO3

Pollutant

Standard Applicable to
Source

Maximum Permissible
Limits (mg/Ncm)

Carbon Monoxide Any Industrial Source

500 as CO

Lead

Any trade, industry or process

10 as Pb

Mercury

Any Source

5 as elemental Hg

Nickel and its

Cmpds.

Any Source

20 as Ni

Copper and its

Cmpds

Any Source

100 as Cu

Cadmium and its

Cmpds

Any Source

10 as Cd

Arsenic and its

Cmpds.

Any Source

10 as AS

Non-compliance or violation of any provision of

the Act
False or inaccurate information given in the
permit application
False or inaccurate information in the monitoring
data or report
Refusal to allow inspection conducted by EMB
Non payment of appropriate fees
Other valid purposes

Pursuant to Section 45, Chapter 6 of RA 8749, for violation of

actual exceedance of air quality standards, the Pollution
Adjudication Board (PAB) shall impose a fine of not more than
One Hundred Thousand Pesos (PhP100,000.00) for every
day of violation against the owner of the source. Cease and
desist order shall also be issued by the PAB.

Pursuant to Section 47, Chapter 6 of RA 8749, for violation

of other provisions, a fine of not less than Ten Thousand
Pesos (P 10,000.00) but not more than One Hundred
Thousand Pesos (P 100,000) or six (6) months to six (6)
years imprisonment or both shall be imposed for violators.

OTHER PROVISIONS OF THE

PHILIPPINE CLEAN AIR ACT

Emission of Fugitive Particulates

Emission of Volatile Organic Compounds or Solvent
Nuisance
Conduct of Open Burning Activity
Banning of Incineration.

Section 1. Ban on Smoking

The LGU shall, within 6 months from effectivity
of these IRR, implement or enforce ban on
smoking inside a public building or an enclosed
public vehicles and or other means of transport
or in any enclosed area outside of ones private
residence, private place of work or any duly
designated smoking area which shall be
enclosed.

Emission Control for New Motor Vehicles

Emission Control for In-Use Motor Vehicles
National Motor Vehicle Inspection and
Maintenance Program
Roadside Inspection of Motor Vehicles.

Mechanism for Setting Fuel Specifications-DOE,

Bu. Of Product Standards of DTI, DOST,
representatives of fuel & automotive industries,
academe.
Specification of Allowable Additive Content
Review & Revision of Fuel Specifications
Monitoring Compliance through Fuel Sampling

LET US UPHOLD OUR RIGHT TO

BREATHE CLEAN AIR

LET US ALL ACT TO CLEAN THE

AIR!!!!