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1. COMPANY BACKGROUND
Tata Motors Limited is Indias largest automobile company, with consolidated
revenues of INR 2,32,834 crores (USD 38.9 billion) in 2013-14. It is the leader in
commercial vehicles in each segment, and among the top in passenger vehicles
with winning products in the compact, midsize car and utility vehicle segments.
It is also the world's fifth largest truck manufacturer and fourth largest bus
manufacturer.
The Tata Motors Groups over 60,000 employees are guided by the mission to
be passionate in anticipating and providing the best vehicles and experiences
that excite our customers globally.''
Established in 1945, Tata Motors presence cuts across the length and breadth
of India. Over 8 million Tata vehicles ply on Indian roads, since the first rolled
out in 1954. The companys manufacturing base in India is spread across
Jamshedpur (Jharkhand), Pune (Maharashtra), Lucknow (Uttar Pradesh),
Pantnagar (Uttarakhand), Sanand (Gujarat) and Dharwad (Karnataka).
Following a strategic alliance with Fiat in 2005, it has set up an industrial joint
venture with Fiat Group Automobiles at Ranjangaon (Maharashtra) to produce
both Fiat and Tata cars and Fiat power trains. The companys dealership, sales,
services and spare parts network comprises over 6,600 touch points, across
the world.
The car has achieved its low price by minimizing cost on unnecessary luxuries,
the basic Nano comes without front and rear fog lights, without a heater or air
conditioning, without anti-lock brakes, only one single windscreen wiper,
manually operated windows, manual steering with no air bags, tiny 12
wheels, plastic body parts joined with adhesive instead of more conventional
metal and welding.
In addition, Tata has come up with practical ways to reduce car weight and
thereby trim down the overall cost. It uses comparatively small and light
engine, a 623cc two-cylinder petrol engine made of aluminum, unlike
conventional engines which are made out of cast iron. The engine of Tata Nano
is strategically placed at the back of the car leaving the front section for
luggage, that too with the capacity of a briefcase. This is the most significant
element in bringing down the weight and the overall cost of the car. Other
factors that contribute towards the weight reduction are the usage of hollow
steering wheel shafts, plastic body panels and smaller tubeless tires. As a result
of these measures, Tata Nano weighs only about 590kg. Lesser weight and
fewer parts mean less raw material and lower cost for Tata Nano. The
manufacturers of the TATA Nano Car are aiming to provide an affordable mode
of transport to their initial target market of lower income families in India.
3. PROJECT DETAILS
3.1 The Manufacturing Plan
To achieve its design goals, Tata refined the manufacturing process,
emphasized innovation and sought new design approaches from suppliers.
Many components of the Nano are made in Germany by Bosch, such as Fuel
Injection, brake system, Value Motronic ECU, ABS and other technologies.
protests forced Tata to pull out October 2008. Currently, Tata Motors is
reportedly manufacturing Nano at its existing plant in:
Pantnagar (town and university campus)
Uttarakhand (state in northen of india, policies for generous tax benefits for
investors) and a mother plant has been proposed for: Sanand Gujarat (largest
business in india, 1st nationwide gas-based thermal electricity)
The company will bank on existing dealer network for Nano initially. The new
Nano Plant could have a capacity of 500,000 units, compared to 300,000 for
Singur. Gujarat has also agreed to match all the incentives offered by West
Bengal government.
3.3 Suppliers
Supplier[26]
Part/system[26]
Texspin
Clutch Bearings
Bosch
Continental AG
Caparo
HSI AUTO
Delphi
Instrument cluster
Steering Assembly
Denso
FAG Kugelfischer
Rear-wheel bearing
Federal-Mogul
Ficosa
Freudenberg
Engine sealing
GKN
Driveshafts
INA
Shifting elements
ITW Deltar
Johnson Controls
Seating
Mahle
Saint-Gobain
Glass
TRW
Brake system
Ceekay Daikin/Valeo
Clutch sets
Vibracoustic
Engine mounts
Visteon
ZF Friedrichshafen AG
Behr
Drr
FY10
20000
17240
2760
1900
860
940
-80
0
-80
0
-80
FY11
46414
38337.96
8076.036
3527.464
4548.572
2135.044
2413.528
1113.936
1299.592
389.8776
909.7144
FY12
49113
40911.13
8201.871
3634.362
4567.509
2062.746
2504.763
884.034
1620.729
486.2187
1134.51
FY13
35485
29275.13
6209.875
3122.68
3087.195
1809.735
1277.46
674.215
603.245
180.9735
422.2715
FY14
13924
11208.82
2715.18
1294.932
1420.248
821.516
598.732
278.48
320.252
96.0756
224.1764
All type of cost from COGS to financial cost are taken on percentage to Sales
revenue basis. Data of percentage to sales revenue is taken from annual report
of Tata Motors as Tata Nano is one of its product.
Cost Sheet
Particulars
FY10
Cost Of Goods Sold
86.20%
Sales, General & Admin
9.50%
Expense
Depreciation & Amortization
4.70%
Interest
0
*86.2% of Sales revenue is cost of goods
taken.
FY11
82.60%
7.60%
FY12 FY13
83.30% 82.50%
7.40% 8.80%
FY14
80.50%
9.30%
4.60%
4.20% 5.10%
5.90%
2.40%
1.80% 1.90%
2%
sold, similarly all other cost are
Balance Sheet
Particulars
Liabilities
Non-Current Liabilities
Long Term Debt
Other Long term Liability
Current Liabilities
Accounts Payables
Total
Assets
Non-Current Asset
Tangible Asset
Investments
Current Asset
Accounts Receivable
Inventory
Cash at Bank
Total
FY10
FY11
FY12
FY13
FY14
0
3000
150
4620
225
6136
337.5
7823
506.25
9718
5000
8000
4500
9270
4050
10411
3645
11806
3280.5
13505
1000
1000
1200
1000
1440
750
1728
500
2073.6
250
3500
2500
0
8000
4200
2750
120
9270
5040
3025
156
10411
6048
3327.5
202.8
11806
7257.6
3660.25
263.64
13505
FY10
Initial Investment
Discounted value of
FCF
Present Value of
Benefits
Net Present Value
FY11
FY12
1000
-1120.94 1212.924 1392.831
FY13
FY14
412.8586 -898.084
1000
0
promote the car. Those events always bring to the company both publicity
and money.
Merchandising
There are a lot of product that have been manufactured in order to promote
the Tata Nano, namely hats and cups. The company will therefore sell those
product and make money benefits from them.
Making franchises
The development of Tata Nano started 6 years ago and have lead to the
production of an extremely efficient car as far as pollution and gas
consumption are concerned . The technology used could be sold to other
companies as Licenses, leading to funds raise.
Distributors In addition, Tata Nano have planned to use Distributors to make
its product easily available to the Indian population. Therefore those
distributors will pay royalties to Tata Nano after selling each car.
the automobile market, as almost the whole middle class of India started
dreaming of their own car. This should be considered in the view that in India,
the average car price was 3 to 4 times greater than what Tata offered. Also the
fact that rupees 100 K was affordable compared to 300 K or 400 K rupees. This
soon became a discussion point in India. So instead of providing the
advertisement at the launch of new idea or product, nano was the lucky to get
the free publicity thanks to the hype that was created by the first move made
by TATA.
The Buzz
As stated above, once it became the discussion point in a country of
population of 1 billion, TATA has no worries of marketing for some time. The
TV channels, the automobile industry experts, the investors, the people who
not; every one discussing Is it really possible. This first advertisement was a
huge success, and it perhaps decreased the marketing cost of TATA. In fact,
people started asking the question, when can we buy the car. The buzz in the
market, tata nano
Auto Exposition 2007
The first introduction of the nano with the public was made in the auto
exposition in2007 in home country in Delhi. There had been discussion in the
market that, Is it really possible. The answer was the display of the prototype
of the car. Now this at once ended few of the rumors in the market; and the
attention was switched to technical details of the car. So the exposition proved
to be the first grand success point in the marketing of the nano car, if the first
advertisement is considered as the buzz. The situation turned out, Yes, it is
possible.
Across the borders
It was the time to show the world, that not only the high-tech cars are the best
sellers in the market but there are people who are looking for the cheapest car
on earth by a big margin. The car was in 78-th Geneva Motor Show 2008. This
helped to make the image of car as a good working replacement to the existing
ones back home in India. The participation in the Motor shows was widely
discussed inside and outside India helping the TATA experts to better
understand, where did they stand to the worlds expectation and what are the
things to be done. This also changed the face of the Indian automobile industry
in the world, and now people were amazed with the fact sheet of the NANO
car.
Tata Motor Showrooms
The nationwide motorshows were organized by TATA to bring the whole class
of society to the shows that they have never attended in their lives rather most
of them never thought of going to such a show. The car became a need as
compared to a luxury before.
On The web
Considering the needs of the 21 st century, the website was launched in the
beginning. The website is quite comprehensive yet it provides all the answers
to the questions being asked since the start of the project. The marketing team
has also put a good effort to keep the website simple and easy to use and
understand, it was really a vital requirement considering the intended users /
buyers of the product. Just to make a point, that how necessary and successful
the website and the car itself are more than 50 Million hits in the first year.
Now one can find the nano on facebook, orkut and twitter.
booking a car, its beyond your imagination hold your seat, its 3000 Indian
Rupees that makes around 50 Euros . Not kidding. Now how does this come
into the marketing strategy of the NANO, in fact TATA has closed the doors for
any competitor by not letting go any one in the India who dreams of a personal
car and cant get it. The customer loyalty is to grow with such moves, specially
when TATA has so many buyers at the moment.
Key Marketing Features
Apart from the buzz, the financing issue etc. there has been some more serious
work as well. The TATA is advertising some of the features of the NANO that
make it comfortable, usable and not only affordable. Some of the features are
discussed here: The low maintenance is a key issue, one can buy a car or get
bank finance but One has to maintain the car by oneself in a country where
insurances are high. The low maintenance makes NANO an automatic choice
for the ones who even normally travel on motorcycles. The small size of the
car gives a big advantage of parking in the urban India, where its getting hard
to find the places round the clock.
NANO is not only cheap, its so cheap when it comes to the fuel consumption .
The fuel consumption is far better than the 1000 cc cars which are normally
used by the low income Indians.
The NANO is environmental friendly as well, and fulfills all the requirements of
the international and national laws.
The Cheapest is the tag that one cant take from NANO for few coming years.
The stylish, the car doesnt look like a rickshaw (a local transport), its not that
far away from the stylish 100 times expensive cars.
The wide color range provides the choice a colorful India needs, without this
forget about selling much.
A promise is a promise
Here we go; the car was finally launched in the market with the said logo. The
promise has been made. The launch is nationwide, so NANO will be seen
throughout the country, and will find itself in 1.2 Billion people.
Warranty
6. INDUSTRY ANALYSIS
6.1 Introduction
The Indian automobile sector is one of its most vibrant industries. The industry
accounts for 22 per cent of the country's manufacturing gross domestic
product (GDP). It comprises passenger cars, two-wheelers, three-wheelers and
commercial vehicles and is currently the seventh-largest in the world with an
average annual production of 17.5 million vehicles, of which 2.3 million are
exported. The Indian auto market has the potential to dominate the global
auto industry, provided a conducive environment is created for potential
innovators to come up with new pilot projects.
The next few years are projected to show solid but cautious growth due to
improved affordability, rising incomes and untapped markets. All these open
up an opportunity for automobile manufactures in India. In addition, with the
government's backing and a special focus on exports of small cars, multi-utility
vehicles (MUVs), two and three-wheelers and auto components, the
automotive sector's contribution to the GDP is expected to double, reaching a
turnover of US$ 145 billion in 2016, according to the Automotive Mission Plan
(AMP) 2006-2016.
6.3 Investments
Some of the recent major investments in the automobile industry in India are
as follows:
BMW Group has launched the third generation of its sports utility
vehicle (SUV), the X5 xDrive30d, which will be Rs 1 million (US$
16,635.94) cheaper than the previous version, as the model will now be
assembled at the company's Chennai plant rather than being imported
fully assembled.
Japan's Isuzu Motors aims to sell 50,000 pickup vehicles in India in the
next few years to gain market leadership. The company, which has a
fully owned subsidiary in Chennai, has earmarked Rs 3,000 crore (US$
499.07 million) for a 120,000 units per year manufacturing facility.
7. PEERS
7.1 AT NATIONAL LEVEL
The closest competitor of the upcoming "Nano Car" is Maruti 800 which is
double of its price. a small car from Maruti Suzuki, which is priced higher than
Tata Nano. Despite six percent shorter, Tata nano has about twenty one
percent more interior space than the Maruti 800 due to its larger height and
width. Suzuki is aware of the gap and is working arduously to improve its
current care lineup. It will focus on achieving the practicality and efficiency of
Tata Nano without compromising on safety and quality. However, Maruti
Suzuki is not in a position to reduce the price of Maruti 800 just for the sake of
competing with Tata Nano.
Bajaj auto is also developing a low cost car (code-named ULC) tagged at 2,000
Euro together with Renault-Nissan to rival Tata Nano. This ultra-low cost car is
expected to be launched in India in 2012. The companies claim that the new
ULC car will consume less fuel than any other four-wheeler on the urban roads.
Thus the car is expected to take on the Tata Nano, the cheapest car being
produced and marketed by Tata Motors in the country.
8. SWOT ANALYSIS
9. BCG MATRIX
The above figure shows that Market Share of Tata Nano is low, however the
market growth rate of Nano is high.
Layout and
Rear wheel drive
Transmission
4-speed manual transmission
Steering
Family car
Tata has launched the Nano as a family car for four or five people, but the
company concedes that the Nano is no limousine, with its dimensions of 3.1m
long by 1.5m wide and 1.6m high. Once again, though, the compact
dimensions help to keep costs down, as the smaller the vehicle is, the fewer
materials are required for its construction.
A small, lightweight car can also be fitted with a smaller, lighter engine. In the
Nanos case, the 624.6cc, 33PS, 48Nm twin-cylinder aluminium engine is
mounted transversely under the rear seats, ahead of the rear axle line and
mated directly with the four-speed transaxle.
No common components
Because the Nano was being designed to be such a low-budget car, all
components had to be designed from scratch, with nothing carried over from
Tatas other vehicles.
Furthermore, this clean-sheet-of-paper approach enabled the company to use
production technologies that were appropriate to the Nanos specification and
projected volumes. For example, it is reported that hydroforming is being used
for tubular structures, and rollforming is being used in place of stamping. Other
design features have contributed to the reduced weight, such as a ribbed roof
that adds stiffness and enables thinner steel to be used.
Elsewhere on the car, great care has been taken to minimise tooling and
production costs. One small example of this is similar handles and mechanisms
for the left- and right-side doors. In preparation for exporting the Nano, it has
also been designed with a central instrument binnacle instead of mounting the
instruments in front of the driver which is a concept seen on other peoples
cars such as the Morris Minor and Morris/Austin Mini around half a century
ago.
Girish Wagh headed the team of almost 500 people that developed the Nano
over a four-year period. And although some of the vehicles production
processes may seem low-technology when compared with the heavily
automated plants found in Western Europe, a great deal of digital analysis was
carried out during the design and development phases of the project.
In addition, Tata empowered and encouraged everyone in the company to
contribute ideas and suggestions, on the basis that collective thinking and a
vast pool of common sense would benefit the design and engineering, as well
as helping to save costs.
Where particular expertise was deemed essential to the success of the project,
Tata used leading suppliers as development partners, such as GKN for the drive
shafts and Bosch for the multi-point fuelling system and electronic engine
management system.
High volumes are an important element in low-cost products, and Tata wants
to build one million Nanos per year.
However, a conventional plant to build such high volumes would require a
substantial investment, so Tata has looked at a distributed manufacturing
model, in which entrepreneurs can establish manufacturing facilities based on
Tatas low-cost manufacturing unit that offers a low break-even point.
Nonetheless, Tata has constructed a new factory in Singur, and many of the
suppliers are establishing their own facilities in an adjacent vendor park. It has
been reported that around 90 per cent of the cars components will be
outsourced, with some 75percent coming from single-source suppliers that
have received long-term contracts and high-volume commitments in exchange
for even lower component prices.
Similarly, unconventional servicing concepts have been investigated, such as
training self-employed people who can be certified by Tata to perform
servicing at the customers premises.
A dream comes true
The Tata Nano is the type of project that stems from one persons vision, and
the Nano is the brainchild of Ratan Tata, the company chairman. Originally he
wanted to create a peoples car as a safer, all-weather alternative to twowheelers for families of four or five. Mass transport in India is either not
available or of poor quality, and the nations improving economic climate
means that there is a market for a low-cost car. The first ideas centred on a
low-end rural car with plastic roll-down curtains instead of doors and
windows. However, as the project progressed, it became clear that the market
would respond better to a low-cost version of a conventional car.
Something else that changed during the design phase was the choice of
materials and production processes. For example, high-technology engineering
plastics and adhesives were abandoned in favour of welded steel, as the high-
volume production targets meant that waiting for adhesives to cure was
impractical.
For several years the Nano has been talked about as a 100,000 rupee car, and
this figure is one aspect of the project that has not changed. Ratan Tata says
that the figure of 100,000 rupees was first quoted in an interview with him in
the UKs Financial Times. Although he had only said that the car would cost in
the region of 100,000 rupees, he decided to adopt that figure as a target price.
Over the intervening years, this has been increasingly challenging due to
inflation and rising costs of raw materials such as steel.
Nevertheless, the Nano was launched on 10th January 2008 and Ratan Tata
said the Nano will be on sale later in 2008 for 100000 rupees plus value-added
tax and delivery charges.
A European approach
The most popular European low-cost car is the two-seater Smart, but its price
is four to five times higher than that of the Nano. While the two cars are
similar in some respects, they are far apart in more ways than price. Smarts
philosophy is to offer a compact, safe, clean, economical yet fun vehicle
primarily for transporting one or two people around urban areas. No doubt the
Smart Fortwo has been the subject of considerable value engineering to
reduce the manufacturing and assembly costs, but not to the same extremes
as seen in the Tata Nano.
Furthermore, Smart cars are available with a wider range of powertrains, with
a particular emphasis on fuel economy and exhaust emissions (but note that
Tata plans to introduce alternatives engines and transmissions for the Nano in
the future).
The Smart micro hybrid drive (MHD) is based on a conventional 71PS petrol
engine with an automated manual five-speed gearbox. However, the starter
motor and alternator are replaced by a belt-driven combined starter-generator
unit to serve the car's fuel-saving start-stop function.
When the driver brakes and the speed falls below 8km/h, the engine is
automatically switched off. As soon as the drivers foot comes off the brake
pedal, the engine restarts, first gear is selected and the car can be driven off
all without any noticeable delay.
Fuel savings are said to be 8percent in the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC),
giving 4.3litres per 100km. Carbon dioxide emissions are reduced by a similar
percentage to 103g/km. In city traffic, fuel savings can be as high as 19 per
cent.
For drivers wanting a zero emissions vehicle, Smart is trialling an electric drive
(ED) version of the Fortwo in Paris and London during 2008, with a view to this
variant entering series production in 2009. With fully charged batteries which
takes around eight hours the Smart ED can travel approximately 115km in
the Extra Urban Driving Cycle (EUDC). An 80percent charge is possible in four
hours and it is claimed that the battery will last for 10 years.
The Smart EDs 0-60km/h acceleration time of 5.7 s is similar to that available
from the petrol variants, despite the electric motors power output being much
lower at 41PS (30kW).
Many drivers will also be attracted to the Smart ED because they can enjoy tax
advantages and additional benefits such as exemption from road charging
schemes. Although the carbon dioxide emissions are quoted as being zero, it
has to be remembered that much of Europes electricity is generated in power
stations that emit carbon dioxide and other pollutants.
With the two cars aimed at very different markets, it is not surprising that the
Tata Nano and Smart Fortwo have little in common beyond their compact
dimensions. Nevertheless, the remarkably low showroom price of the Tata
Nano does suggest that Western automotive manufacturers could probably
reduce the price of their vehicles considerably if they were able to devote
resources to that, instead of working towards higher specifications than their
competitors, and striving to meet ever-stricter safety and environmental
targets imposed by politicians.
12.Other Factors
Compressed-air engine
Tata Motors signed an agreement in 2007 with a French firm, Motor
Development International, to produce a compressed air car Nano. While the
vehicle was supposed to be able to travel approximately 200 kilometres
(120 mi) on $3 US of electricity to compress the air, Tata's Vice-President of
Engineering Systems confirmed in late 2009 that vehicle range continues to be
a problem.
Electric vehicle
Tata has discussed the possibility of producing an electric version, and while it
showcased an electric vehicle Nano at the 2010 Geneva Motor Show no such
car is currently on the market.
If an EV Nano is sold it is expected to be the highly affordable electric car
use lithium-ion batteries, and have a range of 80 miles (130 km). A Norwegian
electric car specialist,MiljbilGrenland AS, has been named as a supposed
partner in the project.
Bi-fuel variant
The Nano CNG emax is launched in October 2013. It can run on either gasoline
or compressed natural gas. Initially, it will be sold in Delhi and parts of
Maharashtra and Lucknow, where CNG is available at fuel outlets
2.Age:
8.Do you think Nano is a car for young people like you ?
a. strongly agree b. agree c .can't say d. disagree e. strongly
disagree
c. May be