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Experiment - 10
Name of Experiment
Name of HOD
Mr.Parmeshwar Kumar
Experiment No.-12
1.AIM:- Design 4 bit up/down binary counter.
2.APPARATUS REQUIRED:S.NO
COMPONENTS
RANGE
QUANTITY
1.
Trainer kit.
3.
Connecting cords
3.THEORY
A Counter is a register capable of counting number of clock pulses that have arrived at its clock
input. They are used for counting number of occurrences of an event and are also useful for
generating timing signals to control the sequence of operations in a computer. Counters are mainly
used in counting applications, where they either measure the time interval between two unknown
time instants or measure the frequency of a given signal.
They are two types of counters:
i) Serial or Asynchronous Counter.
ii) Parallel or Synchronous Counter.
trigeered by output of first stage Flip Flop.Because of inherent propagation delay time all flip flops
are not activated at same time which results in asynchronous operation, as shown in Figure 12.1.
Both Synchronous and Asynchronous counters are capable of counting Up or counting Down,
but their is another more Universal type of counter that can count in both directions either Up or
Down depending on the state of their input control pin and these are known as Bidirectional
Counters.Bidirectional counters, also known as Up/Down Counters, are capable of counting in either
direction through any given count sequence and they can be reversed at any point within their count
sequence by using an additional control input as shown in above Figure 12.3.
A four-bit binary UP counter will count as 0000, 0001, 0010, 0011, 0100, 0101, 0110, 0111,
1000, 1001, 1010, 1011, 1100, 1101, 1110, 1111, 0000, 0001, .. and so on. A DOWN counter
counts in the reverse direction or downwards by one LSB every time it is clocked. The four-bit
binary DOWN counter will count as 0000, 1111, 1110, 1101, 1100, 1011, 1010, 1001, 1000, 0111,
0110, 0101, 0100, 0011, 0010, 0001,0000, 1111,.. and so on. Some counter ICs have separate
clock inputs for UP and DOWN counts, while others have a single clock input and an UP/DOWN
control pin. The logic status of this control pin decides the counting mode. As an example, ICs
74190 and 74191 are four-bit UP/DOWN counters in the TTL family with a single clock input and
an UP/DOWN control pin. While IC 74190 is a BCD decade counter, IC 74191 is a binary counter.
Also, ICs 74192 and 74193 are four-bit UP/DOWN counters in the TTL family, with separate clock
input terminals for UP and DOWN counts. While IC 74192 is a BCD decade counter, IC 74193 is a
binary counter.
5.RESULT:- We have successfully designed, studied and performed of 4-bit binary up/down
counters.
6.PRECUATION
1.Connections must be tight.
2. Logic inputs are given carefully.
3.Pin diagram must be drawn carefully.
.7.VIVA QUESTIONS
1. Define the counter?